CN114274796A - Range-extended electric vehicle and control method thereof - Google Patents
Range-extended electric vehicle and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114274796A CN114274796A CN202210026836.3A CN202210026836A CN114274796A CN 114274796 A CN114274796 A CN 114274796A CN 202210026836 A CN202210026836 A CN 202210026836A CN 114274796 A CN114274796 A CN 114274796A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
- B60K6/12—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable fluidic accumulator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
- B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy the devices using heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
- F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/20—Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for driving vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a range-extending electric vehicle, comprising: the driving system comprises a motor A serving as a driving motor and wheels coaxially connected with the motor A; the battery system is electrically connected with the motor A; the energy recovery system comprises an electric control clutch, an air compression pump A and a high-pressure gas cylinder; the range extender comprises a micro gas turbine and a generator which are connected; the micro gas turbine comprises a rotating shaft, a gas compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine and a heat regenerator, and also comprises at least one thermal element, wherein the thermal element is connected with a generator. The invention also discloses a control method of the extended range electric vehicle. The high-pressure gas cylinder is used as an energy balancer to recover the braking energy of the vehicle, the air is compressed to store potential energy, no energy loss exists, and the high-pressure gas cylinder can provide thrust for the vehicle when the vehicle needs to accelerate; by arranging the heat regenerator and the thermal element, the energy utilization rate is further improved, and the safe shutdown of the micro gas turbine can be ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a range-extending type electric vehicle and a control method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of vehicles.
Background
As global environment and air quality deteriorate, more and more people are aware of the importance of environmental protection. The traditional fuel vehicle has low energy utilization rate, low efficiency and great harm to the environment, so that the range-extended electric vehicle as a new energy vehicle is more and more pursued by people under the promotion of a plurality of objective factors.
Currently, extended range electric vehicles mainly involve three situations: the first one is to use the internal combustion engine as a range extender, namely, the internal combustion engine is used for driving a generator to generate electricity to charge a battery; the second one is that the free piston expander-linear generator is used as a range extender, and compressed air is used for driving the free piston generator to output electric energy to charge a battery; and the third is that a micro gas turbine is used as a range extender, and the rotation of an output shaft of a gas turbine is utilized to drive a generator to work so as to charge a battery.
In order to improve the energy utilization rate of the extended range electric vehicle and avoid energy waste, it is necessary to recover the braking energy of the vehicle, and there are many reports in the prior art, for example, CN 204383180U discloses a transmission device of the extended range electric vehicle with flywheel energy storage, which recovers the braking energy by using the flywheel energy storage. The scheme has the advantages of complex structure, large volume and inconvenient implementation. For example, CN 104691358A discloses an energy recovery control method and device for an extended range electric vehicle, which compares pre-charged electric power with maximum allowable slave electric power of a power battery, and determines the braking recovery power currently used by a range extender of the electric vehicle according to the comparison result. This scheme requires supervision and limitation of charging power in extended range operating mode.
Generally, the power recovered in the motor braking process of the hybrid electric vehicle is about ten kilowatts to four and fifty kilowatts, and the pure electric vehicle can reach sixty-seven kilowatts. Generally, because of the limitation of battery charging power, the energy recovered by the general electric vehicle in the braking process is less than thirty percent of the braking energy, and the rest energy is released in the form of heat, which causes energy waste. Meanwhile, in order to better radiate heat, wheels of the vehicle are required to be exposed, and the exposed wheels can increase the running resistance of the vehicle. Therefore, how to provide an energy recovery system which is easy to implement, does not limit the output power of the range extender, and can efficiently recover the braking energy of the vehicle at the same time plays an extremely important role in improving the endurance mileage of the range-extended electric vehicle and the power performance of the whole vehicle and reducing the energy waste.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above prior art, the present invention provides an extended range electric vehicle and a control method thereof. The range-extended electric vehicle can reasonably recycle the energy in the braking process of the vehicle, does not need to limit the output power of the range extender, can effectively utilize the redundant electric energy output by the generator in time, and can provide additional power for the vehicle when the vehicle needs to accelerate.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an extended range electric vehicle comprising:
an electric vehicle comprising:
the driving system comprises a motor A serving as a driving motor and wheels coaxially connected with the motor A;
the battery system is electrically connected with the motor A and provides electric energy for the motor A;
the energy recovery system comprises an electric control clutch, an air compression pump A and a high-pressure gas cylinder, wherein the air compression pump A is connected with a motor A through the electric control clutch; the high-pressure gas bottle is connected with an air compression pump A, and the air compression pump A is used for compressing air and storing the air in the high-pressure gas bottle;
the range extender comprises a micro gas turbine and a generator which are connected, and the generator is connected with the battery system;
the micro gas turbine comprises a rotating shaft, a gas compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine and a heat regenerator, wherein the gas compressor and the turbine are arranged on the rotating shaft, an exhaust port of the gas compressor is communicated with an air inlet at the cold end of the heat regenerator, an air outlet at the hot end of the heat regenerator is communicated with an air inlet of the combustion chamber, an air outlet of the combustion chamber is communicated with an air inlet of the turbine, an exhaust port of the turbine is communicated with an air inlet at the hot end of the heat regenerator, and during operation, air inlet at the inlet of the combustion chamber is preheated by high-temperature tail gas discharged by the turbine: high-temperature tail gas discharged by the turbine enters the heat regenerator to exchange heat with compressed air entering the heat regenerator through an air outlet of the air compressor, after heat exchange, the temperature of the compressed air is increased and enters the combustion chamber, and the temperature of the tail gas is reduced and is discharged through an air outlet at the cold end of the heat regenerator.
Further, the micro gas turbine also comprises at least one thermal element, the thermal element is connected with the generator, and the controllable power distributor distributes the electric energy of the generator to the thermal element to preheat the air entering the combustion chamber; the thermal element can be arranged at any position as follows:
(1) the heat recovery device is arranged on a pipeline for communicating the compressor and the heat regenerator so as to heat air entering the heat regenerator.
(2) Is provided within the regenerator to heat air passing through the regenerator.
(3) Is arranged on a pipeline of the heat regenerator communicated with the combustion chamber to heat the air entering the combustion chamber.
(4) Provided in the combustion chamber to heat air that has entered the combustion chamber, may be provided at an air inlet of the combustion chamber.
(5) The heat regenerator is arranged on a pipeline communicated with the turbine to heat tail gas entering the heat regenerator and indirectly heat air entering the combustion chamber.
The circuit that battery system and motor A are connected can also be equipped with AC/DC converter, and during the vehicle braking, can control motor A and be in generator mode, the wheel drives motor A electricity generation, converts the alternating current that motor A sent into the direct current via AC/DC converter to the battery pack storage of being convenient for. .
Furthermore, the energy recovery system also comprises a motor B and an air compression pump B, wherein a generator of the range extender is connected with the motor B, and the motor B is connected with the air compression pump B; the air compression pump B is connected with the high-pressure gas cylinder and used for compressing air and storing the air in the high-pressure gas cylinder.
Furthermore, the energy recovery system also comprises a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is arranged in the high-pressure gas cylinder and is connected with the micro gas turbine, and the heat exchange between the high-temperature tail gas (about 200 ℃) discharged by the micro gas turbine and the compressed gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder is realized through the heat exchanger. After the heat transfer, on the one hand, the compressed gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder is heated, and pressure is higher, and the efficiency of expansion work is better when spraying, and the thrust for the vehicle is stronger, and on the other hand, the temperature of tail gas reduces, can be close the temperature emission of normal atmospheric temperature, has realized waste heat recovery, and the environmental protection is pollution-free.
Furthermore, the heat exchanger is also communicated with an air outlet at the hot end of the heat regenerator or an air outlet of the combustion chamber, so that the heat generated by the heat exchanger and the thermal element is indirectly utilized to heat the compressed air in the high-pressure gas cylinder, the internal energy of the high-pressure gas cylinder is increased, and the expansion efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, a high-pressure gas injection opening is formed in the high-pressure gas cylinder.
Furthermore, the energy recovery system also comprises a pneumatic generator, wherein an exhaust port of the high-pressure gas cylinder is connected with the pneumatic generator, and the pneumatic generator is connected with the battery system.
Further, the vehicle further includes a power divider connected to the battery system, the motor a, and the motor B, and including the following operation modes:
when the battery system is not fully charged, distributing the electric energy from the generator of the range extender to the battery system to charge the battery system;
when the battery system is fully charged, distributing the electric energy from the generator of the range extender to the motor A to drive the wheels to rotate;
when the battery system is fully charged and the motor A does not work, the electric energy from the generator of the range extender is distributed to the motor B to drive the air compression pump B to compress air and store the air in the high-pressure air bottle.
Further, the vehicle also comprises an electronic control clutch controller, the electronic control clutch controller is connected with the electronic control clutch, and the vehicle comprises the following working modes:
when the vehicle runs, the electric control clutch is controlled to be disengaged, and the motor A drives the wheels to rotate;
when the vehicle brakes, the electronic control clutch is controlled to be connected, the wheels drive the air compression pump A to compress air through the motor A and store the air in the high-pressure air bottle, and meanwhile, the air compression pump A provides reverse resistance for the wheels.
Further, a speed increaser is arranged between the electrically controlled clutch and the air compressor pump A and is used for amplifying the low rotating speed (the rotating speed of the shaft is reduced due to braking) of the wheels and/or the transmission shaft driven by the motor A when the vehicle is braked so as to strengthen the pumping efficiency of the air compressor pump A.
Furthermore, the energy recovery system also comprises a sensor for detecting the working state parameters of the high-pressure gas cylinder and a high-pressure gas cylinder controller for controlling the opening and closing of the high-pressure gas injection port of the high-pressure gas cylinder, and the sensor is connected with the high-pressure gas cylinder controller; the sensor is selected from a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and/or a flow sensor. In operation, the high pressure gas cylinder controller may control the opening and closing of the high pressure gas injection port in response to a parameter of the operating state of the high pressure gas cylinder detected by the sensor, for example: when the sensor detects that the pressure in the high-pressure gas cylinder is close to the preset pressure, the gas cylinder controller controls the high-pressure gas injection port to be opened, and gas is injected in the direction opposite to the running direction of the vehicle, so that thrust is provided for the vehicle; for example: when the sensor detects that the temperature of the gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder is close to the radiation temperature of the heat exchanger, the fact that heat exchange can not be carried out is indicated, and the gas cylinder controller controls the high-pressure gas injection port to be opened at the moment.
Further, the electric vehicle further comprises a vehicle control system for managing, controlling, coordinating, collecting and processing the vehicle and each component, and the electric vehicle comprises the following elements:
a vehicle control unit;
the alternating current-direct current converter is used for converting alternating current generated by the generator into direct current so as to be convenient for storage of a battery system;
and the motor controller is used for controlling the motor A by receiving a control command of the vehicle control unit.
Further, the air compression pump A and/or the air compression pump B is selected from a piston pump, a screw pump or a centrifugal pump.
Furthermore, the bottle body of the high-pressure gas bottle is made of heat insulation materials, so that the heat insulation effect is realized, and the heat of the gas in the bottle is ensured not to be lost.
Further, the battery system is a battery pack.
Further, the whole vehicle control system further comprises a battery system state monitor, and the electric quantity condition of the battery system is monitored in real time in the running process of the vehicle.
Furthermore, the arrangement positions of the range extender and the high-pressure gas cylinder in the whole vehicle can be various, such as front, middle and rear, which is a prior art, for example, an extended-range electric passenger vehicle with a front engine disclosed in CN 105774512A, for example, an extended-range electric vehicle with a middle engine disclosed in CN 104802629a, and will not be described again.
The control method of the extended range electric vehicle comprises the following steps:
when the vehicle runs stably, the electric control clutch is controlled to be disengaged, and the motor A drives the wheels to rotate;
when the vehicle runs in an accelerating way, the high-pressure gas injection port of the high-pressure gas cylinder is controlled to inject gas in a direction opposite to the running direction of the vehicle, so that thrust is provided for the vehicle;
when the vehicle is not braked emergently, the electric control clutch is controlled to be connected, the motor A is controlled not to work, the wheels drive the air compression pump A to compress air through the motor A and store the air in the high-pressure air bottle, and meanwhile, the air compression pump A provides reverse resistance for the wheels;
when the vehicle is emergently braked, the electric control clutch is controlled to be connected, the motor A is controlled to work, the motor A drives a mechanical chuck on the wheel to brake the wheel, and meanwhile, the reverse resistance of the air compression pump A is superposed to realize vehicle braking;
when the vehicle is not braked emergently, if the battery system is in a state of not being fully charged, the motor A can be controlled to be switched to a generator working mode through the motor controller, the motor A is driven to generate electricity by utilizing the sliding rotation of the wheels, and the alternating current generated by the motor A is converted through the alternating current-direct current converter and then is transmitted to the battery system for storage; meanwhile, the electronic control clutch can be controlled to be closed, the air compression pump A is driven to work by utilizing the sliding of the wheels, and reverse resistance can be provided for the wheels when the air compression pump A pumps air in the high-pressure air bottle, so that a better braking effect is realized.
Further, the following working modes are also included:
when the battery system is not fully charged, distributing the electric energy from the generator of the range extender to the battery system to charge the battery system;
when the battery system is fully charged, distributing the electric energy from the generator of the range extender to the motor A to drive the wheels to rotate;
when the battery system is fully charged and the motor A does not work, distributing the electric energy from the generator of the range extender to the motor B to drive the air compression pump B to compress air and store the air in the high-pressure gas cylinder;
when the battery system is fully charged, the electrical energy from the generator of the range extender is distributed to the thermal elements to preheat the air entering the combustion chamber.
According to the range-extended electric vehicle and the control system, the high-pressure gas cylinder is used as the energy balancer to recycle the braking energy of the range-extended electric vehicle, and the braking energy is converted into potential energy of compressed air through the air compression pump A to be recycled as long as the braking condition occurs in the vehicle advancing process. Meanwhile, when the engine is inconvenient to decelerate, shut down or stand by, the electric energy which cannot be stored in time can be converted into potential energy of compressed air by the air compression pump B for recycling. In addition, the heat of the high-temperature tail gas discharged by the engine is recovered by arranging a heat exchanger. In addition, the invention can recycle the recovered energy in time, and the high-pressure gas is discharged through the high-pressure gas injection port, thereby providing additional power for the running of the vehicle, realizing environmental protection and energy conservation, and simultaneously improving the energy utilization rate. The invention also preheats the air entering the combustion chamber by using high-temperature tail gas or redundant electric energy by arranging the heat regenerator and the thermal element, thereby further improving the energy utilization rate. The invention can also realize the recovery of braking energy by enabling the motor A to enter a power generation mode, and can further improve the energy utilization rate.
The range-extended electric vehicle and the control system can reasonably recycle the energy in the vehicle braking process, do not need to limit the output power of the range extender, can efficiently recycle the braking energy of the vehicle, and have extremely important effects on improving the endurance mileage and the whole vehicle power performance of the range-extended electric vehicle and reducing the energy waste. The invention has the following advantages:
1. the high-pressure gas injected by the high-pressure gas cylinder is used for providing thrust for the vehicle, and the standards of the extended range electric automobile on the energy density and the discharge rate of the battery can be reduced, so that a common battery pack can be selected or the volume of the battery can be reduced, and the cost is saved.
2. The high-pressure gas cylinder is used as an energy balancer of the whole vehicle, the braking energy of the vehicle is recovered, and the high-pressure gas cylinder provides thrust for the vehicle when the vehicle needs to accelerate, so that peak clipping and valley filling of the energy of the whole vehicle are realized.
3. The high-pressure gas cylinder, the air compression pump, the electric control clutch and the like are easy to install, the structure is relatively simple, and the whole scheme is convenient to implement.
4. Air compression stores potential energy without energy loss.
5. The heat of the high-temperature tail gas discharged by the engine is recovered, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the thermal efficiency of the whole vehicle can reach 70-90% theoretically.
6. The braking energy of the automobile is effectively recovered, and because the thermal element can instantly convert a large amount of electric energy into heat energy, the braking energy can be almost completely converted into heat energy for recycling, so that the energy utilization rate is improved; tests prove that the energy recovery system realizes 81.2% of braking energy recovery, and the endurance mileage of the automobile is improved by 35% -40%.
7. The defect that the energy recovery in the prior art is limited by the maximum charging power of the battery pack and the capacity of the battery pack is overcome.
8. The thermal element can also be used as a protection resistor of the micro gas turbine, and under the condition that the load of the generator is removed, the electric energy generated by the generator can be released in a heat energy mode through the thermal element in time so as to ensure that the micro gas turbine can be safely shut down, so that the micro gas turbine is not required to be provided with an independent protection resistor, and the structure of the micro gas turbine is simpler.
The various terms and phrases used herein have the ordinary meaning as is well known to those skilled in the art. To the extent that the terms and phrases are not inconsistent with known meanings, the meaning of the present invention will prevail.
Drawings
FIG. 1: schematic diagram of a control system of an extended range electric vehicle.
FIG. 2: the position of the thermal element is schematically shown (the arrows in the figure indicate the electrical energy).
FIG. 3: schematic position of thermal elements.
FIG. 4: schematic position of thermal elements.
FIG. 5: schematic position of thermal elements.
Wherein, 1, wheel; 2. a motor A; 3. an electrically controlled clutch; 4. a speed increaser; 5. an air compressor pump A; 6. a high pressure gas cylinder; 7. a high pressure gas injection port; 8. a heat exchanger; 9. a sensor; 10. tail gas; 11. a battery system; 12. a vehicle control unit; 13. a high pressure gas cylinder controller; 14. an AC-DC converter; 15. a motor controller; 16. a power divider; 17. an electrically controlled clutch controller; 18. a generator; 19. a compressor; 20. a combustion chamber; 21. a turbine; 22. a motor B; 23. an air compression pump B; 24. a heat regenerator; 25. a thermal element.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Example 1
An extended range electric vehicle, the structure of which is shown in fig. 1, includes:
the driving system, which provides power output for the vehicle, comprises a motor A2 as a driving motor and a wheel 1 coaxially connected with the motor A2.
The battery system 11 is electrically connected with the motor A2 and provides electric energy for the motor A2; for storing electrical energy and powering the drive system.
The energy recovery system is used for recovering the braking energy of the vehicle and comprises an electric control clutch 3, an air compression pump A5 and a high-pressure gas cylinder 6, wherein the air compression pump A5 is connected with a motor A2 through the electric control clutch 3; the high-pressure gas bottle 6 is connected with an air compression pump A5, and the air compression pump A5 is used for compressing air and storing the air in the high-pressure gas bottle 6; and a high-pressure gas injection opening 7 is arranged on the high-pressure gas bottle 6.
And the range extender comprises a micro gas turbine and a generator 18 which are connected, and the generator 18 is connected with the battery system 11.
The micro gas turbine mainly comprises three parts, namely a compressor 19, a combustion chamber 20 and a turbine 21, wherein when the micro gas turbine works, the compressor 19 sucks air from the external atmospheric environment and compresses the air to pressurize the air, and meanwhile, the air temperature is correspondingly increased; the compressed air is pumped into the combustion chamber 20 and mixed with the injected fuel to be combusted to generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas; then the power is expanded and does work in the turbine 21, the turbine 21 is pushed to drive the compressor 19 and the external load rotor to rotate together at high speed, and the power is output by connecting the generator 18.
The micro gas turbine comprises a rotating shaft, a gas compressor 19, a combustion chamber 20, a turbine 21 and a heat regenerator 24, wherein an exhaust port of the gas compressor 19 is communicated with a gas inlet at the cold end of the heat regenerator 24, a gas outlet at the hot end of the heat regenerator 24 is communicated with a gas inlet of the combustion chamber 20, a gas outlet of the combustion chamber 20 is communicated with a gas inlet of the turbine 21, a gas outlet of the turbine 21 is communicated with a gas inlet at the hot end of the heat regenerator 24, and during operation, air at an inlet of the combustion chamber 20 is preheated by using high-temperature tail gas discharged by the turbine 21: high-temperature tail gas discharged by the turbine 21 enters the heat regenerator 24 to exchange heat with compressed air entering the heat regenerator 24 through an air outlet of the compressor 19, after heat exchange, the temperature of the compressed air is increased and enters the combustion chamber 20, and the temperature of the tail gas is reduced and is discharged through an air outlet at the cold end of the heat regenerator 24.
The micro gas turbine further comprises one or more thermal elements 25, the thermal elements 25 are connected with the generator 18, and the power distributor 16 can be controlled to distribute electric energy of the generator 18 to the thermal elements 25 to preheat air entering the combustion chamber 20; the thermal element 25 can be placed in any of the following positions:
(1) is provided on a conduit of the compressor 19 communicating with the regenerator 24 to heat the air to be introduced into the regenerator 24. As shown in fig. 1.
(2) Is provided within regenerator 24 to heat the air passing through regenerator 24 as shown in fig. 2.
(3) On the duct of the regenerator 24 communicating with the combustion chamber 20 to heat the air that is about to enter the combustion chamber 20, as shown in fig. 3.
(4) Provided in the combustion chamber 20 to heat air that has entered the combustion chamber 20, as shown in fig. 4, may be provided at an air inlet of the combustion chamber 20.
(5) Is provided on a duct where the regenerator 24 communicates with the turbine 21 to heat the exhaust gas about to enter the regenerator 24 and indirectly heat the air entering the combustion chamber 20, as shown in fig. 5.
An alternating current-direct current converter 14 can be further arranged on a circuit connecting the battery system 11 and the motor A2, when a vehicle brakes, the motor A2 can be controlled to be in a generator working mode, the wheel 1 drives the motor A2 to generate electricity, and alternating current emitted by the motor A2 is converted into direct current through the alternating current-direct current converter 14, so that the battery system 11 can store the alternating current.
The energy recovery system also comprises a motor B22 and an air compression pump B23, wherein a generator of the range extender is connected with the motor B22, and the motor B22 is connected with the air compression pump B23; the air compression pump B23 is connected with the high-pressure gas bottle 6, and the air compression pump B23 is used for compressing air and storing the air in the high-pressure gas bottle 6.
The energy recovery system also comprises a heat exchanger 8, the heat exchanger 8 is arranged in the high-pressure gas cylinder 6, the heat exchanger 8 is connected with the micro gas turbine, and the heat exchange between the high-temperature tail gas (about 200 ℃) discharged by the micro gas turbine and the compressed gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 is realized through the heat exchanger 8. After the heat transfer, on the one hand, the compressed gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 is heated, and pressure is higher, and the efficiency of expansion work is better when spraying, and the thrust of giving the vehicle is stronger, and on the other hand, the temperature of tail gas 10 reduces, can be close the temperature emission of normal atmospheric temperature, has realized waste heat recovery, and the environmental protection is pollution-free.
The heat exchanger 8 can also be communicated with an air outlet at the hot end of the heat regenerator 24 or an air outlet of the combustion chamber 20, so that the heat generated by the heat exchanger 8 and the thermal element 25 is indirectly utilized to heat the compressed air in the high-pressure gas cylinder 6, the internal energy of the high-pressure gas cylinder is increased, and the expansion efficiency is improved.
The energy recovery system can also comprise a pneumatic generator, the exhaust port of the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 is connected with the pneumatic generator, the pneumatic generator is connected with the battery system 11, and the pneumatic generator is driven to generate electricity by a compressor of the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 during working.
The vehicle further comprises a power divider 16, the power divider 16 being connected to the battery system 11, the electric machine A2 and the electric machine B22 and comprising the following operating modes:
when the battery system 11 is not fully charged, distributing the electric energy from the generator 18 of the range extender to the battery system 11 to charge the battery system 11;
when the battery system 11 is fully charged, distributing the electric energy from the generator 18 of the range extender to the motor A2 to drive the wheels 1 to rotate;
when the battery system 11 is fully charged and the motor A2 does not work, the electric energy from the generator 11 of the range extender is distributed to the motor B22, so that the air compression pump B23 is driven to compress air and the air is stored in the high-pressure air bottle 6.
The vehicle further comprises an electric control clutch controller 17, wherein the electric control clutch controller 17 is connected with the electric control clutch 3 and comprises the following working modes:
when the vehicle runs, the electric control clutch 3 is controlled to be disengaged, and the motor A2 drives the wheel 1 to rotate;
when the vehicle brakes, the electronic control clutch 3 is controlled to be engaged, the wheel 1 drives the air compression pump A5 to compress air through the motor A2 and store the air in the high-pressure air bottle 6, and meanwhile, the air compression pump A5 provides reverse resistance for the wheel 1.
A speed increaser 4 can be arranged between the electrically controlled clutch 3 and the air compressor pump A5 and is used for amplifying the low rotating speed (the rotating speed of the shaft is reduced due to braking) of the transmission shaft driven by the wheel 1 and/or the motor A2 when the vehicle is braked so as to strengthen the pumping efficiency of the air compressor pump A5.
The energy recovery system also comprises a sensor 9 for detecting the working state parameters of the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 and a gas cylinder controller 13 for controlling the opening and closing of the high-pressure gas injection port 7 of the high-pressure gas cylinder 6, wherein the sensor 9 is connected with the high-pressure gas cylinder controller 13; the sensor 9 is selected from a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and/or a flow sensor. In operation, the high pressure gas cylinder controller 13 may control the opening and closing of the high pressure gas injection port 7 in response to an operating state parameter of the high pressure gas cylinder 6 detected by the sensor 9, for example: when the sensor 9 detects that the pressure in the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 is close to the preset pressure, the high-pressure gas cylinder controller 13 controls the high-pressure gas injection port 7 to be opened, and gas is injected in the direction opposite to the vehicle running direction, so that thrust is provided for the vehicle; for example: when the temperature of the gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 detected by the sensor 9 is close to the radiation temperature of the heat exchanger 8, the heat exchange is no longer possible, and the high-pressure gas cylinder controller 13 controls the high-pressure gas injection opening 7 to be opened at the moment.
The electric vehicle also comprises a whole vehicle control system which is used for managing, controlling, coordinating, collecting and processing the whole vehicle and all parts, and comprises the following elements:
a vehicle control unit 12;
the alternating current-direct current converter 14 is used for converting alternating current generated by the generator 18 into direct current so as to be stored by the battery system 11;
the motor controller 15 controls the motor A2 by receiving a control command of the vehicle control unit.
The vehicle control system may further include a battery system state monitor (not shown in the figure), which monitors the electric quantity of the battery system in real time during the vehicle running process.
The air compression pump A5 and the air compression pump B23 can be piston pumps, screw pumps or centrifugal pumps.
The body of the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 can be made of heat insulating materials to realize the heat insulating effect and ensure that the heat of the gas in the cylinder is not lost.
The battery system 11 may be a battery pack.
The arrangement positions of the range extender and the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 in the whole vehicle can be various, such as a front position, a middle position and a rear position.
Embodiment 2 control method of extended range electric vehicle
The method comprises the following working modes:
when the vehicle runs stably, the electronically controlled clutch 3 is controlled to be disengaged, and the motor A2 drives the wheels 1 to rotate.
When the vehicle runs in an accelerating way, the high-pressure air injection port 7 of the high-pressure air bottle 6 is controlled to inject air in a direction opposite to the running direction of the vehicle, so that the thrust is provided for the vehicle.
When the vehicle is braked in a non-emergency mode (only by means of friction force between the wheel 1 and the road surface), the electronic control clutch 3 is controlled to be connected, the motor A2 is controlled not to work, the wheel 1 drives the air compression pump A5 to compress air through the motor A2 and stores the air in the high-pressure air bottle 6, and meanwhile the air compression pump A5 provides reverse resistance for the wheel 1, so that a better braking effect is achieved.
When the vehicle is emergently braked, the electric control clutch 3 is controlled to be connected, the motor A2 is controlled to work, the motor A2 drives a mechanical chuck on the wheel 1 to brake the wheel, and meanwhile, the reverse resistance of the air compression pump A5 is superposed to realize vehicle braking.
When the vehicle is not braked emergently (only by the friction force between the wheels 1 and the road surface), if the battery system 11 is in a state of not being fully charged, the motor A2 can be controlled to be switched to a generator working mode, the motor A2 is driven to generate electricity by utilizing the sliding rotation of the wheels 1, and the alternating current generated by the motor A2 is converted by the alternating current-direct current converter 14 and then is transmitted to the battery system 11 for storage; meanwhile, the electronic control clutch 3 can be controlled to be closed, the air compression pump A5 is driven to work by utilizing the sliding of the wheel 1, and when the air compression pump A5 pumps air into the high-pressure air bottle 6, reverse resistance is provided for the wheel 1, so that a better braking effect is realized.
When the battery system 11 is not fully charged, distributing the electric energy from the generator 18 of the range extender to the battery system 11 to charge the battery system 11;
when the battery system 11 is fully charged, distributing the electric energy from the generator 18 of the range extender to the motor A2 to drive the wheels 1 to rotate;
when the battery system 11 is fully charged and the motor A2 does not work, the electric energy from the generator 18 of the range extender is distributed to the motor B22 to drive the air compression pump B23 to compress air and store the air in the high-pressure air bottle 6, so that the conversion and storage of the electric energy to potential energy are realized.
Whether the vehicle is in a normal driving phase or a braking phase, the electrical energy from the generator 18 of the range extender can be distributed to the thermal element 25 to preheat the air entering the combustion chamber 20.
The above examples are provided to those of ordinary skill in the art to fully disclose and describe how to make and use the claimed embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure herein. Modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An extended range electric vehicle characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
the driving system comprises a motor A serving as a driving motor and wheels coaxially connected with the motor A;
the battery system is electrically connected with the motor A and provides electric energy for the motor A;
the energy recovery system comprises an electric control clutch, an air compression pump A and a high-pressure gas cylinder, wherein the air compression pump A is connected with a motor A through the electric control clutch; the high-pressure gas bottle is connected with an air compression pump A, and the air compression pump A is used for compressing air and storing the air in the high-pressure gas bottle;
the range extender comprises a micro gas turbine and a generator which are connected, and the generator is connected with the battery system;
the micro gas turbine comprises a rotating shaft, a gas compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine and a heat regenerator, wherein the gas compressor and the turbine are arranged on the rotating shaft, an exhaust port of the gas compressor is communicated with an air inlet at the cold end of the heat regenerator, an air outlet at the hot end of the heat regenerator is communicated with an air inlet of the combustion chamber, an air outlet of the combustion chamber is communicated with an air inlet of the turbine, and an exhaust port of the turbine is communicated with an air inlet at the hot end of the heat regenerator.
2. The extended range electric vehicle of claim 1, wherein: the micro gas turbine also comprises at least one thermal element, the thermal element is connected with the generator, and the thermal element is arranged at any position as follows:
(1) the heat regenerator is arranged on a pipeline for communicating the gas compressor and the heat regenerator;
(2) is arranged in the heat regenerator;
(3) is arranged on a pipeline for communicating the heat regenerator with the combustion chamber;
(4) is arranged in the combustion chamber;
(5) is arranged on a pipeline for communicating the regenerator with the turbine.
3. The extended range electric vehicle of claim 1, wherein: and an alternating current-direct current converter is also arranged on a circuit connecting the battery system and the motor A.
4. The extended range electric vehicle of claim 1, wherein: the energy recovery system also comprises a motor B and an air compression pump B, wherein a generator of the range extender is connected with the motor B, and the motor B is connected with the air compression pump B; the air compression pump B is connected with the high-pressure gas cylinder and used for compressing air and storing the air in the high-pressure gas cylinder.
5. The extended range electric vehicle of claim 1, wherein: the energy recovery system further comprises a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is arranged in the high-pressure gas cylinder and connected with the micro gas turbine, and heat exchange between high-temperature tail gas discharged by the micro gas turbine and compressed gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder is achieved through the heat exchanger.
6. The extended range electric vehicle of claim 5, wherein: and the heat exchanger is communicated with an air outlet at the hot end of the heat regenerator or an air outlet of the combustion chamber.
7. The extended range electric vehicle of claim 1, wherein: the vehicle further comprises a power splitter connected to the battery system, the motor a and the motor B and comprising the following operating modes:
when the battery system is not fully charged, distributing the electric energy from the generator of the range extender to the battery system to charge the battery system;
when the battery system is fully charged, distributing the electric energy from the generator of the range extender to the motor A to drive the wheels to rotate;
when the battery system is fully charged and the motor A does not work, the electric energy from the generator of the range extender is distributed to the motor B to drive the air compression pump B to compress air and store the air in the high-pressure air bottle.
8. The extended range electric vehicle of claim 1, wherein: the vehicle further comprises an electronic control clutch controller, the electronic control clutch controller is connected with the electronic control clutch, and the vehicle further comprises the following working modes:
when the vehicle runs, the electric control clutch is controlled to be disengaged, and the motor A drives the wheels to rotate;
when the vehicle brakes, the electronic control clutch is controlled to be connected, the wheels drive the air compression pump A to compress air through the motor A and store the air in the high-pressure air bottle, and meanwhile, the air compression pump A provides reverse resistance for the wheels.
9. The method of controlling an extended range electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
when the vehicle runs stably, the electric control clutch is controlled to be disengaged, and the motor A drives the wheels to rotate;
when the vehicle runs in an accelerating way, the high-pressure gas injection port of the high-pressure gas cylinder is controlled to inject gas in a direction opposite to the running direction of the vehicle, so that thrust is provided for the vehicle;
when the vehicle is not braked emergently, the electric control clutch is controlled to be connected, the motor A is controlled not to work, the wheels drive the air compression pump A to compress air through the motor A and store the air in the high-pressure air bottle, and meanwhile, the air compression pump A provides reverse resistance for the wheels;
when the vehicle is emergently braked, the electric control clutch is controlled to be connected, the motor A is controlled to work, the motor A drives a mechanical chuck on the wheel to brake the wheel, and meanwhile, the reverse resistance of the air compression pump A is superposed to realize vehicle braking;
when the vehicle is not braked emergently, if the battery system is in a state of not being fully charged, the motor A is controlled to be switched to a generator working mode, and the motor A is driven to generate electricity by utilizing the sliding rotation of the wheels.
10. The control method of an electric vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that:
when the battery system is not fully charged, distributing the electric energy from the generator of the range extender to the battery system to charge the battery system;
when the battery system is fully charged, distributing the electric energy from the generator of the range extender to the motor A to drive the wheels to rotate;
when the battery system is fully charged and the motor A does not work, distributing the electric energy from the generator of the range extender to the motor B to drive the air compression pump B to compress air and store the air in the high-pressure gas cylinder;
when the battery system is fully charged, the electrical energy from the generator of the range extender is distributed to the thermal elements to preheat the air entering the combustion chamber.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210026836.3A CN114274796A (en) | 2022-01-11 | 2022-01-11 | Range-extended electric vehicle and control method thereof |
| PCT/CN2022/116642 WO2023134180A1 (en) | 2022-01-11 | 2022-09-01 | Extended-range electric vehicle and control method therefor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210026836.3A CN114274796A (en) | 2022-01-11 | 2022-01-11 | Range-extended electric vehicle and control method thereof |
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| CN202210026836.3A Pending CN114274796A (en) | 2022-01-11 | 2022-01-11 | Range-extended electric vehicle and control method thereof |
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| WO (1) | WO2023134180A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023134180A1 (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2023-07-20 | 靳普科技(北京)有限公司 | Extended-range electric vehicle and control method therefor |
| GB2622354A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2024-03-20 | K Timms Brian | Electric vehicle |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010024455A1 (en) * | 2008-08-27 | 2010-03-04 | Tama-Tlo, Ltd. | Hybrid vehicle |
| JP2016155514A (en) * | 2015-02-26 | 2016-09-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Improvement of electric vehicle having charging means by gas turbine |
| CN105644346A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-06-08 | 上海大学 | Compressed air type motor vehicle exhaust waste heat recycling system and method |
| CN107379958A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-11-24 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of automobile dynamic quality lifting system |
| CN109435708B (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2024-03-19 | 刘慕华 | Range-extending electric bus |
| CN108749586B (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2024-03-19 | 刘慕华 | Energy recovery system of extended range electric vehicle |
| CN110217113A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-09-10 | 北京工业大学 | Free piston expander-linear electric generator and composite power source stroke-increasing electric automobile |
| US11203342B2 (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-12-21 | Veerabhadra R Kattoju | Hybrid system and method for conserving regenerative braking energy in a vehicle |
| CN114274796A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-05 | 靳普科技(北京)有限公司 | Range-extended electric vehicle and control method thereof |
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2022
- 2022-01-11 CN CN202210026836.3A patent/CN114274796A/en active Pending
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023134180A1 (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2023-07-20 | 靳普科技(北京)有限公司 | Extended-range electric vehicle and control method therefor |
| GB2622354A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2024-03-20 | K Timms Brian | Electric vehicle |
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Effective date of registration: 20230403 Address after: 518063 10 Nanshan District Road, Gaoxin south, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong. Applicant after: Liu Muhua Address before: 100071 1250, floor 12, building 3, No. 38, Kechuang Fifth Street, Daxing District, Beijing (Yizhuang group, high-end industrial area, Beijing Pilot Free Trade Zone) Applicant before: Jinpu Technology (Beijing) Co.,Ltd. |