CN219904068U

CN219904068U - Extended range electric vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN219904068U
Application number: CN202220064257.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 靳普
Original assignee: Liu Muhua
Current assignee: Liu Muhua
Priority date: 2022-01-11
Filing date: 2022-01-11
Publication date: 2023-10-27
Anticipated expiration: 2032-01-11

Abstract

The utility model discloses a range-extending electric vehicle, which comprises: the driving system comprises a motor A serving as a driving motor and wheels coaxially connected with the motor A; the battery system is electrically connected with the motor A; the energy recovery system comprises an electric control clutch, an air compression pump A and a high-pressure air bottle; the range extender comprises a miniature gas turbine and a generator which are connected; the miniature gas turbine comprises a rotating shaft, a gas compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine and a regenerator, and can also comprise at least one thermal element, wherein the thermal element is connected with a generator. The utility model also discloses a control method of the range-extending electric vehicle. The utility model uses the high-pressure gas cylinder as an energy balancer to recover the braking energy of the vehicle, compresses air to store potential energy, has no energy loss, and can provide thrust for the vehicle when the vehicle needs to accelerate; by arranging the heat regenerator and the heating power element, the energy utilization rate is further improved, and the safe shutdown of the micro gas turbine can be ensured.

Description

Extended range electric vehicle

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a range-extending electric vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of vehicles.

Background

As the global environment and air quality become worse, more and more people are aware of the importance of environmental protection. The traditional fuel oil vehicle has low energy utilization rate, low efficiency and great harm to the environment, so the extended range electric vehicle serving as a new energy vehicle is increasingly touted by people under the promotion of a plurality of objective factors.

Currently, extended range electric vehicles mainly involve three situations: the first is to use the internal combustion engine as a range extender, namely, the internal combustion engine is used for driving the generator to generate electricity so as to charge the battery; the second is to take a free piston expander-linear generator as a range extender, and drive the free piston generator to output electric energy by using compressed air so as to charge a battery; and thirdly, the miniature gas turbine is used as a range extender, and the output shaft of the gas turbine is used for rotating to drive the generator to work so as to charge the battery.

In order to improve the energy utilization rate of the extended range electric vehicle and avoid energy waste, it is necessary to recover the braking energy of the vehicle, and many reports exist in the prior art, for example, CN 204383180U discloses an extended range electric vehicle transmission device with flywheel energy storage, and the flywheel energy storage is used for recovering the braking energy. The scheme has complex structure and huge volume, and is inconvenient to implement. For example, CN 104691358A discloses an energy recovery control method and device for an extended range electric vehicle, which compares the pre-charge power with the maximum allowable slave electric power of a power battery, and determines the brake recovery power currently used by the range extender of the electric vehicle according to the comparison result. The scheme requires supervision and limitation of charging power in the extended range mode of operation.

In general, the power recovered in the motor braking process of the hybrid electric vehicle is about ten kilowatts to four fifty kilowatts, and the pure electric vehicle can reach sixty seventy kilowatts. Generally, due to the limitation of battery charging power, the energy recovered by a common electric vehicle in the braking process is less than thirty percent of braking energy, and the rest energy is released in the form of heat, so that energy waste is caused. While the vehicle wheels are exposed for better heat dissipation, the exposed wheels increase the running resistance of the vehicle. Therefore, how to provide an energy recovery system which is easy to implement and does not limit the output power of the range extender, and can efficiently recover the braking energy of the vehicle at the same time, has an extremely important role in improving the endurance mileage of the range-extending electric vehicle and the power performance of the whole vehicle and reducing the energy waste.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides an extended-range electric vehicle and a control method thereof. The range-extending electric vehicle can reasonably recycle the energy in the vehicle braking process, does not need to limit the output power of the range extender, can timely and effectively utilize the redundant electric energy output by the generator, and can provide additional power for the vehicle when the vehicle needs to accelerate.

The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:

an extended range electric vehicle comprising:

an electric vehicle comprising:

the driving system comprises a motor A serving as a driving motor and wheels coaxially connected with the motor A;

the battery system is electrically connected with the motor A and provides electric energy for the motor A;

the energy recovery system comprises an electric control clutch, an air compression pump A and a high-pressure air cylinder, wherein the air compression pump A is connected with the motor A through the electric control clutch; the high-pressure air bottle is connected with an air compression pump A, and the air compression pump A is used for compressing air and storing the air in the high-pressure air bottle;

the range extender comprises a miniature gas turbine and a generator which are connected, and the generator is connected with the battery system;

the miniature gas turbine comprises a rotating shaft, a gas compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine and a heat regenerator, wherein the gas compressor and the turbine are arranged on the rotating shaft, an exhaust port of the gas compressor is communicated with an air inlet of a cold end of the heat regenerator, an air outlet of a hot end of the heat regenerator is communicated with an air inlet of the combustion chamber, an air outlet of the combustion chamber is communicated with an air inlet of the turbine, an exhaust port of the turbine is communicated with the air inlet of the hot end of the heat regenerator, and during operation, high-temperature tail gas discharged by the turbine is utilized to preheat air inlet of an inlet of the combustion chamber: the high-temperature tail gas discharged by the turbine enters the heat regenerator to exchange heat with the compressed air entering the heat regenerator through the exhaust port of the compressor, the temperature of the compressed air rises and enters the combustion chamber after heat exchange, and the temperature of the tail gas is reduced and is discharged through the air outlet of the cold end of the heat regenerator.

Further, the micro gas turbine also comprises at least one thermal element, the thermal element is connected with the generator, and the controllable power distributor distributes the electric energy of the generator to the thermal element to preheat the air entering the combustion chamber; the thermal element may be located at any of the following positions:

(1) Is arranged on a pipeline which is communicated with the heat regenerator by the air compressor so as to heat the air which is about to enter the heat regenerator.

(2) Is provided in the regenerator to heat the air passing through the regenerator.

(3) Is arranged on a pipeline communicated with the combustion chamber by the heat regenerator so as to heat the air which is about to enter the combustion chamber.

(4) Is provided in the combustion chamber to heat the air having entered the combustion chamber, and may be provided at the intake port of the combustion chamber.

(5) The device is arranged on a pipeline which is communicated with the heat regenerator and the turbine, so as to heat tail gas which is about to enter the heat regenerator and indirectly heat air which enters the combustion chamber.

The circuit that battery system and motor A are connected can also be equipped with the alternating current-direct current converter, and when the vehicle was braked, can control motor A and be in generator mode, and the wheel drives motor A and generates electricity, and the alternating current that sends motor A is converted into direct current through the alternating current-direct current converter to the group battery storage of being convenient for.

Further, the energy recovery system further comprises a motor B and an air compression pump B, a generator of the range extender is connected with the motor B, and the motor B is connected with the air compression pump B; the air compression pump B is connected with the high-pressure gas cylinder, and is used for compressing air and storing the air in the high-pressure gas cylinder.

Further, the energy recovery system also comprises a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is arranged in the high-pressure gas cylinder, the heat exchanger is connected with the micro gas turbine, and heat exchange between high-temperature tail gas (about 200 ℃) discharged by the micro gas turbine and compressed gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder is realized through the heat exchanger. After heat exchange, on one hand, the compressed gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder is heated, the pressure is higher, the expansion work efficiency is better during injection, the thrust for a vehicle is stronger, on the other hand, the temperature of the tail gas is reduced, the temperature of the tail gas can be close to the temperature of normal temperature, the waste heat recovery is realized, and the environment is protected and pollution is avoided.

Further, the heat exchanger is also communicated with the air outlet of the hot end of the heat regenerator or the air outlet of the combustion chamber, so that the heat generated by the heat exchanger and the thermodynamic element is indirectly utilized to heat the compressed air in the high-pressure air cylinder, the internal energy of the compressed air is further increased, and the expansion effect efficiency is improved.

Further, the high-pressure gas cylinder is provided with a high-pressure gas injection port.

Further, the energy recovery system further comprises a pneumatic generator, the exhaust port of the high-pressure gas cylinder is connected with the pneumatic generator, and the pneumatic generator is connected with the battery system.

Further, the vehicle further comprises a power divider connected with the battery system, the motor a and the motor B, and comprising the following modes of operation:

when the battery system is not full, distributing the electric energy from the generator of the range extender to the battery system to charge the battery system;

when the battery system is full of electricity, distributing electric energy from the generator of the range extender to the motor A so as to drive wheels to rotate;

when the battery system is full and the motor A does not work, the electric energy from the generator of the range extender is distributed to the motor B so as to drive the air compression pump B to compress air and store the air in the high-pressure air bottle.

Further, the vehicle further comprises an electrically controlled clutch controller, which is connected with the electrically controlled clutch and comprises the following working modes:

when the vehicle runs, the electric control clutch is controlled to be disconnected, and the motor A drives wheels to rotate;

when the vehicle brakes, the electronic control clutch is controlled to be engaged, the wheel drives the air compression pump A to compress air through the motor A and store the air in the high-pressure air bottle, and meanwhile the air compression pump A provides reverse resistance for the wheel.

Further, a speed increaser is arranged between the electric control clutch and the air compression pump A, and the speed increaser is used for amplifying low rotation speed (the rotation speed of the shaft is reduced due to braking) of a transmission shaft driven by wheels and/or the motor A when the vehicle brakes, so that the pumping efficiency of the air compression pump A is enhanced.

Further, the energy recovery system also comprises a sensor for detecting the working state parameters of the high-pressure gas cylinder and a high-pressure gas cylinder controller for controlling the opening and closing of the high-pressure gas injection port of the high-pressure gas cylinder, wherein the sensor is connected with the high-pressure gas cylinder controller; the sensor is selected from a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and/or a flow sensor. In operation, the high-pressure gas cylinder controller can control the opening and closing of the high-pressure gas injection port in response to the working state of the high-pressure gas cylinder detected by the sensor, for example: when the sensor detects that the pressure in the high-pressure gas cylinder is close to the preset pressure, the gas cylinder controller controls the high-pressure gas injection port to be opened, and the gas is injected in the direction opposite to the running direction of the vehicle, so that thrust is provided for the vehicle; for example: when the sensor detects that the temperature of the gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder is close to the radiation temperature of the heat exchanger, the heat exchange is not carried out any more, and at the moment, the gas cylinder controller controls the high-pressure gas injection port to be opened.

Further, the electric vehicle further comprises a whole vehicle control system, which is used for managing, controlling, coordinating, collecting and processing information of the whole vehicle and each component, and comprises the following elements:

a vehicle controller;

the alternating current-direct current converter is used for converting alternating current generated by the generator into direct current so as to facilitate storage of a battery system;

and the motor controller is used for controlling the motor A by receiving a control command of the whole vehicle controller.

Further, the air compression pump a and/or the air compression pump B is selected from a piston pump, a screw pump or a centrifugal pump.

Further, the bottle body of the high-pressure gas bottle is made of heat insulation materials, so that the heat insulation effect is achieved, and the heat of gas in the bottle is prevented from losing.

Further, the battery system is a battery pack.

Further, the whole vehicle control system further comprises a battery system state monitor, and the electric quantity condition of the battery system is monitored in real time in the running process of the vehicle.

Further, the installation positions of the range extender and the high-pressure gas cylinder in the whole vehicle can be various, such as front-mounted, middle-mounted and rear-mounted, which is a range-extending electric passenger vehicle with a front-mounted engine disclosed in the prior art, for example, CN 105774512A, and a range-extending electric vehicle with a middle-mounted engine disclosed in CN 104802629A are not described again.

The control method of the extended-range electric vehicle comprises the following steps:

when the vehicle stably runs, the electric control clutch is controlled to be disconnected, and the motor A drives wheels to rotate;

when the vehicle runs in an accelerating way, the high-pressure air jet opening of the high-pressure air cylinder is controlled to jet air in the direction opposite to the running direction of the vehicle, so that thrust is provided for the vehicle;

when the vehicle is braked in a non-emergency mode, the electric control clutch is controlled to be connected, the motor A is controlled to be not in operation, the wheel drives the air compression pump A to compress air through the motor A and store the air in the high-pressure air bottle, and meanwhile the air compression pump A provides reverse resistance for the wheel;

when the vehicle is braked emergently, the electric control clutch is controlled to be connected, the motor A is controlled to work, the motor A drives the mechanical chuck on the wheels to brake the wheels, and meanwhile, the reverse resistance of the air compression pump A is superposed, so that the vehicle braking is realized;

when the vehicle is in a non-emergency braking state, if the battery system is in an underfilled state, the motor controller can control the motor A to switch to a generator working mode, the motor A is driven to generate power by the sliding rotation of wheels, and the alternating current generated by the motor A is converted by the alternating current-direct current converter and then is transmitted to the battery system for storage; meanwhile, the controllable electric control clutch is closed, the air compression pump A is driven to work by the sliding of the wheels, and reverse resistance is provided for the wheels when the air compression pump A pumps air in the high-pressure gas cylinder, so that a better braking effect is achieved.

Further, the method also comprises the following working modes:

when the battery system is full of electricity and the motor A does not work, electric energy from the generator of the range extender is distributed to the motor B so as to drive the air compression pump B to compress air and store the air in the high-pressure air bottle;

when the battery system is full, the electric energy from the generator of the range extender is distributed to the thermodynamic element, and the air entering the combustion chamber is preheated.

According to the extended-range electric vehicle and the control system, the high-pressure gas cylinder is used as the energy balancer to recycle the braking energy of the extended-range electric vehicle, and the braking energy is converted into potential energy of compressed air through the air compression pump A for recycling as long as braking conditions occur in the vehicle running process. Meanwhile, when the engine is inconvenient to slow down, shut down or stand by, electric energy which cannot be stored in time can be converted into potential energy of compressed air through the air compression pump B for recycling. In addition, the heat of the high-temperature tail gas discharged by the engine is recovered by arranging the heat exchanger. In addition, the utility model can recycle the recovered energy in time, discharge the high-pressure gas through the high-pressure gas injection port, provide additional power for the running of the vehicle, and improve the energy utilization rate while realizing environmental protection and energy saving. The utility model further provides a heat regenerator and a thermodynamic element, and the air entering the combustion chamber is preheated by utilizing high-temperature tail gas or redundant electric energy, so that the energy utilization rate is further improved. The utility model can realize the recovery of braking energy by enabling the motor A to enter the power generation mode, and can further improve the energy utilization rate.

The range-extending electric vehicle and the control system can reasonably recycle energy in the vehicle braking process, can efficiently recycle the braking energy of the vehicle without limiting the output power of the range extender, and have extremely important effects on improving the endurance mileage of the range-extending electric vehicle and the power performance of the whole vehicle and reducing energy waste. The utility model has the following advantages:

1. the high-pressure gas sprayed by the high-pressure gas cylinder is used for providing thrust for the vehicle, and the standard of the extended-range electric vehicle on the energy density and the discharge multiplying power of the battery can be reduced, so that the common battery pack can be selected or the volume of the battery can be reduced, and the cost is saved.

2. The high-pressure gas cylinder is used as an energy balancer of the whole vehicle to recover the braking energy of the vehicle, and provides thrust for the vehicle when the vehicle needs to accelerate, so that peak clipping and valley filling of the whole vehicle energy are realized.

3. The high-pressure gas cylinder, the air compression pump, the electric control clutch and the like are easy to install, the structure is relatively simple, and the whole scheme is convenient to implement.

4. Air compression stores potential energy without energy loss.

5. The heat of the high-temperature tail gas discharged by the engine is recovered, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the theoretical thermal efficiency of the whole automobile can reach 70-90%.

6. The braking energy of the automobile is effectively recovered, and a large amount of electric energy can be instantaneously converted into heat energy by the thermal element, so that the braking energy can be almost completely converted into heat energy for recycling, and the energy utilization rate is improved; experiments prove that the energy recovery system realizes the recovery of 81.2% of braking energy, and the vehicle endurance mileage is improved by 35% -40%.

7. The defect that the energy recovery in the prior art is limited by the maximum charging power of the battery pack and the capacity of the battery pack is overcome.

8. The heating power element can also be used as a protection resistor of the micro gas turbine, and under the condition that the load of the generator is dropped, the electric energy generated by the generator can be released in a heat energy mode in time through the heating power element so as to ensure that the micro gas turbine can be safely stopped, and therefore, an independent protection resistor is not required to be arranged for the micro gas turbine, and the structure of the micro gas turbine is simpler.

The various terms and phrases used herein have the ordinary meaning known to those skilled in the art. The terms and phrases used herein are not to be construed and interpreted to have a meaning consistent with the meaning of the terms and phrases in accordance with the present utility model.

Drawings

Fig. 1: schematic diagram of a range-extending type electric automobile control system.

Fig. 2: schematic of the location of the thermodynamic element (electrical energy is shown by the arrow).

Fig. 3: schematic of the location of the thermal element.

Fig. 4: schematic of the location of the thermal element.

Fig. 5: schematic of the location of the thermal element.

Wherein, 1, wheels; 2. a motor A; 3. an electric control clutch; 4. a speed increaser; 5. an air compression pump A; 6. a high pressure gas cylinder; 7. a high pressure gas injection port; 8. a heat exchanger; 9. a sensor; 10. tail gas; 11. a battery system; 12. a vehicle controller; 13. a high pressure gas cylinder controller; 14. an ac-dc converter; 15. a motor controller; 16. a power divider; 17. an electric control clutch controller; 18. a generator; 19. a compressor; 20. a combustion chamber; 21. a turbine; 22. a motor B; 23. an air compression pump B; 24. a regenerator; 25. a thermal element.

Detailed Description

The utility model is further illustrated below with reference to examples. However, the scope of the present utility model is not limited to the following examples. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications can be made to the utility model without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

Example 1

An extended range electric vehicle, the structure of which is shown in fig. 1, comprises:

the drive system provides power output for the vehicle, and includes a motor A2 as a drive motor, and a wheel 1 coaxially connected with the motor A2.

A battery system 11 electrically connected with the motor A2 and supplying electric power to the motor A2; for storing electrical energy and powering the drive system.

The energy recovery system is used for recovering the braking energy of the vehicle and comprises an electric control clutch 3, an air compression pump A5 and a high-pressure air cylinder 6, wherein the air compression pump A5 is connected with the motor A2 through the electric control clutch 3; the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 is connected with an air compression pump A5, and the air compression pump A5 is used for compressing air and storing the air in the high-pressure gas cylinder 6; the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 is provided with a high-pressure gas injection port 7.

The range extender comprises a micro gas turbine and an electric generator 18 which are connected, wherein the electric generator 18 is connected with the battery system 11.

The miniature gas turbine mainly comprises three parts, namely a gas compressor 19, a combustion chamber 20 and a turbine 21, wherein when the miniature gas turbine works, the gas compressor 19 sucks air from the external atmospheric environment and compresses the air to boost the pressure, and meanwhile, the air temperature is correspondingly increased; compressed air is sent to the combustion chamber 20 to be mixed with injected fuel for combustion to generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas; then the air enters the turbine 21 to do expansion work, the turbine 21 is pushed to drive the air compressor 19 and the external load rotor to rotate together at high speed, and electric energy is output through the connection of the generator 18.

The miniature gas turbine comprises a rotating shaft, a gas compressor 19, a combustion chamber 20, a turbine 21 and a heat regenerator 24, wherein an exhaust port of the gas compressor 19 is communicated with an air inlet at the cold end of the heat regenerator 24, an air outlet at the hot end of the heat regenerator 24 is communicated with an air inlet of the combustion chamber 20, an air outlet of the combustion chamber 20 is communicated with an air inlet of the turbine 21, an exhaust port of the turbine 21 is communicated with an air inlet at the hot end of the heat regenerator 24, and during operation, high-temperature tail gas discharged by the turbine 21 is utilized to preheat air inlet at the inlet of the combustion chamber 20: the high-temperature tail gas discharged by the turbine 21 enters the regenerator 24 to exchange heat with the compressed air entering the regenerator 24 through the exhaust port of the compressor 19, after the heat exchange, the temperature of the compressed air rises and enters the combustion chamber 20, and the temperature of the tail gas is reduced and is discharged through the air outlet of the cold end of the regenerator 24.

The micro gas turbine further comprises one or more thermal elements 25, the thermal elements 25 being connected to the generator 18, the controllable power distributor 16 distributing the electric energy of the generator 18 to the thermal elements 25 for preheating the air entering the combustion chamber 20; the thermal element 25 may be located in any of the following positions:

(1) Is provided on a pipe in which the compressor 19 communicates with the regenerator 24 to heat the air to be introduced into the regenerator 24. As shown in fig. 1.

(2) Is provided within regenerator 24 to heat the air passing through regenerator 24 as shown in fig. 2.

(3) Is provided on a pipe of the regenerator 24 communicating with the combustion chamber 20 to heat the air to be introduced into the combustion chamber 20, as shown in fig. 3.

(4) Is provided in the combustion chamber 20 to heat the air having entered the combustion chamber 20, and may be provided at an air inlet of the combustion chamber 20 as shown in fig. 4.

(5) Is provided on the conduit of the regenerator 24 communicating with the turbine 21 to heat the exhaust gases coming into the regenerator 24, indirectly to heat the air coming into the combustion chamber 20, as shown in fig. 5.

The circuit that the battery system 11 is connected with the motor A2 may also be provided with an ac/dc converter 14, when the vehicle brakes, the motor A2 may be controlled to be in a generator working mode, the wheel 1 drives the motor A2 to generate electricity, and the ac power generated by the motor A2 is converted into dc power by the ac/dc converter 14, so that the battery system 11 is convenient for storage.

The energy recovery system can further comprise a motor B22 and an air compression pump B23, a generator of the range extender is connected with the motor B22, and the motor B22 is connected with the air compression pump B23; the air compression pump B23 is connected to the high-pressure gas cylinder 6, and the air compression pump B23 is used to compress air and store the air in the high-pressure gas cylinder 6.

The energy recovery system can further comprise a heat exchanger 8, the heat exchanger 8 is arranged in the high-pressure gas cylinder 6, the heat exchanger 8 is connected with the micro gas turbine, and heat exchange between high-temperature tail gas (about 200 ℃) discharged by the micro gas turbine and compressed gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 is achieved through the heat exchanger 8. After heat exchange, on one hand, the compressed gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 is heated, the pressure is higher, the expansion work efficiency is better during injection, the thrust for a vehicle is stronger, on the other hand, the temperature of the tail gas 10 is reduced, the temperature can be close to the normal temperature, the emission of the tail gas can be realized, the waste heat recovery is realized, and the environment is protected and pollution is avoided.

The heat exchanger 8 can also be communicated with the air outlet at the hot end of the heat regenerator 24 or the air outlet of the combustion chamber 20, so that the heat generated by the heat exchanger 8 and the thermodynamic element 25 is indirectly utilized to heat the compressed air in the high-pressure air cylinder 6, the internal energy of the compressed air is further increased, and the expansion effect efficiency is improved.

The energy recovery system can also comprise a pneumatic generator, the exhaust port of the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 is connected with the pneumatic generator, the pneumatic generator is connected with the battery system 11, and the pneumatic generator is driven to generate electricity through the compressor of the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 during operation.

The vehicle further comprises a power divider 16, the power divider 16 being connected to the battery system 11, the motor A2 and the motor B22 and comprising the following modes of operation:

when the battery system 11 is not full, distributing the electric energy from the generator 18 of the range extender to the battery system 11 to charge the battery system 11;

when the battery system 11 is full, electric energy from the generator 18 of the range extender is distributed to the motor A2 to drive the wheels 1 to rotate;

when the battery system 11 is full and the motor A2 is not in operation, the electric energy from the generator 11 of the range extender is distributed to the motor B22 to drive the air compression pump B23 to compress air and store the air in the high-pressure air cylinder 6.

The vehicle further comprises an electrically controlled clutch controller 17, the electrically controlled clutch controller 17 being connected to the electrically controlled clutch 3 and comprising the following modes of operation:

when the vehicle runs, the electric control clutch 3 is controlled to be disconnected, and the motor A2 drives the wheels 1 to rotate;

when the vehicle brakes, the electrically controlled clutch 3 is controlled to be engaged, the wheel 1 drives the air compression pump A5 to compress air through the motor A2 and store the air in the high-pressure air cylinder 6, and meanwhile, the air compression pump A5 provides reverse resistance for the wheel 1.

A speed increaser 4 may be disposed between the electrically controlled clutch 3 and the air compression pump A5, and is used for amplifying a low rotation speed of a transmission shaft driven by the wheel 1 and/or the motor A2 (a rotation speed of the shaft is reduced due to braking) during braking of the vehicle, so as to enhance pumping efficiency of the air compression pump A5.

The energy recovery system can also comprise a sensor 9 for detecting the working state parameters of the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 and a gas cylinder controller 13 for controlling the opening and closing of the high-pressure gas injection port 7 of the high-pressure gas cylinder 6, wherein the sensor 9 is connected with the high-pressure gas cylinder controller 13; the sensor 9 is selected from a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and/or a flow sensor. In operation, the high-pressure gas cylinder controller 13 may control the opening and closing of the high-pressure gas injection port 7 in response to the operation state parameter of the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 detected by the sensor 9, for example: when the sensor 9 detects that the pressure in the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 is close to the preset pressure, the high-pressure gas cylinder controller 13 controls the high-pressure gas injection port 7 to be opened, and the air is injected in the direction opposite to the running direction of the vehicle, so that thrust is provided for the vehicle; for example: when the sensor 9 detects that the temperature of the gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 is close to the radiation temperature of the heat exchanger 8, the heat exchange is not carried out any more, and the high-pressure gas cylinder controller 13 controls the high-pressure gas injection port 7 to be opened.

The electric vehicle further comprises a whole vehicle control system which is used for managing, controlling, coordinating and information collecting and processing of the whole vehicle and all parts, and comprises the following elements:

a vehicle control unit 12;

an ac-dc converter 14 for converting ac power generated by the generator 18 into dc power for storage by the battery system 11;

the motor controller 15 controls the motor A2 by receiving a control command of the vehicle controller.

The vehicle control system may further include a battery system status monitor (not shown in the figure), which monitors the electric quantity of the battery system in real time during the running process of the vehicle.

The air compression pump A5 and the air compression pump B23 may be a piston pump, a screw pump or a centrifugal pump.

The bottle body of the high-pressure gas bottle 6 can be made of heat insulation materials so as to realize the heat insulation effect and ensure that the heat of the gas in the bottle is not lost.

The battery system 11 may be a battery pack.

The range extender and the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 can be arranged in various positions of the whole vehicle, such as front position, middle position and rear position.

Embodiment 2 control method of extended-range electric vehicle

The method comprises the following working modes:

when the vehicle runs stably, the electric control clutch 3 is controlled to be disengaged, and the motor A2 drives the wheels 1 to rotate.

When the vehicle is in acceleration running, the high-pressure gas jet opening 7 of the high-pressure gas cylinder 6 is controlled to jet in the direction opposite to the running direction of the vehicle, so that thrust is provided for the vehicle.

When the vehicle is braked in a non-emergency mode (braking is carried out only by virtue of friction force between the wheels 1 and a road surface), the electric control clutch 3 is controlled to be engaged, the motor A2 is controlled to be not operated, the wheels 1 drive the air compression pump A5 to compress air through the motor A2 and store the air in the high-pressure air cylinder 6, and meanwhile, the air compression pump A5 provides reverse resistance for the wheels 1, so that a better braking effect is achieved.

When the vehicle is braked suddenly, the electric control clutch 3 is controlled to be engaged, the motor A2 is controlled to work, the motor A2 drives the mechanical chuck on the wheel 1 to brake the wheel, and meanwhile, the reverse resistance of the air compression pump A5 is superposed, so that the vehicle braking is realized.

When the vehicle is braked in a non-emergency mode (braking only by virtue of friction force between the wheels 1 and a road surface), if the battery system 11 is in an underfilled state, the motor A2 can be controlled to be switched to a generator working mode, the motor A2 is driven to generate electricity by utilizing the sliding rotation of the wheels 1, and the alternating current generated by the motor A2 is converted by the alternating current-direct current converter 14 and then is transmitted to the battery system 11 for storage; simultaneously, the controllable automatically controlled clutch 3 is closed, utilizes the coasting of wheel 1 to drive air compression pump A5 work, can provide reverse resistance for wheel 1 when air compression pump A5 pumps for the interior pumping of high-pressure gas cylinder 6 to realize better braking effect.

when the battery system 11 is full and the motor A2 does not work, the electric energy from the generator 18 of the range extender is distributed to the motor B22 so as to drive the air compression pump B23 to compress air and store the air in the high-pressure air cylinder 6, and the conversion storage of the electric energy to potential energy is realized.

Whether the vehicle is in a normal driving phase or a braking phase, the electrical energy from the generator 18 of the range extender can be distributed to the thermal element 25 for preheating the air entering the combustion chamber 20.

The foregoing examples are provided to fully disclose and describe how to make and use the claimed embodiments by those skilled in the art, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure herein. Modifications that are obvious to a person skilled in the art will be within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An extended range electric vehicle, characterized in that: comprising the following steps:

the miniature gas turbine comprises a rotating shaft, a gas compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine and a heat regenerator, wherein the gas compressor and the turbine are arranged on the rotating shaft, an exhaust port of the gas compressor is communicated with an air inlet at the cold end of the heat regenerator, an air outlet at the hot end of the heat regenerator is communicated with the air inlet of the combustion chamber, an air outlet of the combustion chamber is communicated with the air inlet of the turbine, and an exhaust port of the turbine is communicated with the air inlet at the hot end of the heat regenerator.

2. The extended-range electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the micro gas turbine also comprises at least one thermodynamic element, wherein the thermodynamic element is connected with the generator and is arranged at any position of:

(1) The device is arranged on a pipeline for communicating the compressor and the heat regenerator;

(2) Is arranged in the heat regenerator;

(3) The heat regenerator is arranged on a pipeline communicated with the combustion chamber;

(4) Is arranged in the combustion chamber;

(5) Is arranged on a pipeline which is communicated with the turbine by the heat regenerator.

3. The extended-range electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: an alternating current-direct current converter is further arranged on a circuit, connected with the motor A, of the battery system.

4. The extended-range electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the energy recovery system further comprises a motor B and an air compression pump B, the generator of the range extender is connected with the motor B, and the motor B is connected with the air compression pump B; the air compression pump B is connected with the high-pressure gas cylinder, and is used for compressing air and storing the air in the high-pressure gas cylinder.

5. The extended-range electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the energy recovery system further comprises a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is arranged in the high-pressure gas cylinder and connected with the micro gas turbine, and heat exchange between high-temperature tail gas discharged by the micro gas turbine and compressed gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder is achieved through the heat exchanger.

6. The extended-range electric vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that: the heat exchanger is communicated with an air outlet at the hot end of the heat regenerator or an air outlet of the combustion chamber.

7. The extended-range electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vehicle further comprises a power divider connected with the battery system, motor a and motor B, and comprising the following modes of operation:

8. The extended-range electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vehicle further comprises an electric control clutch controller, wherein the electric control clutch controller is connected with the electric control clutch and comprises the following working modes:

9. The extended-range electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a speed increaser is arranged between the electric control clutch and the air compression pump A.

10. The extended-range electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the energy recovery system also comprises a sensor for detecting the working state parameters of the high-pressure gas cylinder, and the sensor is connected with the high-pressure gas cylinder controller; the sensor is selected from a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and/or a flow sensor.