CN114271060A - Ecological restoration blanket for desert gobi soil and use method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological restoration blanket for desert Gobi soil, which is characterized in that a special fixing nail is arranged in the ecological restoration blanket, seeds of specific plants are placed in the fixing nail, and the shapes of the fixing nail in the early and later stages are changed by utilizing the rapid rooting and germination of the plant seeds, so that the functional time of the fixing nail is effectively prolonged, the later stage fixing effect of the fixing nail is further enhanced, and the sand fixation function of the desert soil is obviously improved. By adopting a mode of combining herbaceous plants and shrub plants in a specific proportion, the repairing effect of the whole ecological repairing blanket is enhanced, and the duration of the repairing function is longer.

Description

Ecological restoration blanket for desert gobi soil and use method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of ecological environment treatment, and particularly relates to an ecological restoration blanket for desert gobi soil.

Background

At present, the ecological blanket is evolved from a vegetation zone, is an integrated ecological slope protection material formed by matching composite fiber fabrics, anti-filtration geotextile, diversified grass seeds, turf and the like, and can achieve the effects of slope ecological restoration and landscape greening while preventing hydraulic erosion and soil loss of riverway embankment. The desertification degree of the land in a plurality of areas in China is very serious at present, the desertification of the land is aggravated, if the existing ecological blanket is directly used for preventing and controlling the sand, the sand prevention and control are very limited because the area of the area is wide, the water resource is short, the proper ecological blanket specially aiming at the desertification soil is lacked, and the sand prevention and fixation effect is very limited.

The prior art of the ecological blanket which is specially used for desert conditions and has the functions of preventing and controlling desertification is relatively less. For example, the ecological blanket for preventing and controlling sand provided by granted patent CN208836714U is provided with a reverse filter layer, a fertilizer layer, a fiber fabric layer, and fixing nails, and the two sides of the blanket are also provided with a water-retaining part and a water-storing pad, which is beneficial to the growth of grass seeds. The water storage capacity of the structural designs such as the inverted filter layer, the fertilizer layer, the water retention part and the like of the ecological blanket is limited, and the ecological blanket only depends on the fixing nails and the friction bulges on the fixing nails, so that the fixing effect is also very limited, and the ecological blanket cannot play a better sand prevention and fixation effect.

For example, in the sand prevention and sand control ecological blanket for greening and governing the cold and warm area with semi-desertification provided by patent CN208242362U, ground nails are arranged on the ecological taisheng, and a plurality of growth base boxes containing plant seeds are arranged, however, the ecological blanket is only provided with ground nails at four vertexes of each blanket, the early sand prevention and sand control effect is very limited, and the water retention agent layer is not provided, and cannot retain and retain most of water.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an ecological restoration blanket for desert gobi soil, which is realized by the following technology.

An ecological restoration blanket for desert gobi soil comprises a reverse filtration layer, a matrix fertilizer layer and a water retention layer from top to bottom; a plurality of fixing nails vertically penetrating through the ecological restoration blanket downwards are additionally arranged; the fixing nails are arranged on the ecological restoration blanket in a matrix manner, and the interval between every two adjacent fixing nails is 5-10 cm;

the base fertilizer layer comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 15-25% of coated plant seeds A, 45-55% of decomposed straw manure, 15-25% of cork scraps and 8-12% of a first adhesive; the water retention layer is formed by pressing 98% of super absorbent resin and 2% of second adhesive according to mass fraction; a fabric layer is arranged to wrap the outside of the water retention layer;

the fixing nail comprises an outer shell and an inner shell, wherein the outer shell consists of 98% of modified artemisia glue and 2% of adhesive in percentage by mass, and the modified artemisia glue is prepared by grafting and modifying common artemisia glue through a silane coupling agent; the inner shell is made of biodegradable materials and is of a hollow tubular structure; the hollow tubular structure of the inner shell is horizontally provided with segments, and a plurality of coated plant seeds B are placed on the segments;

the coating seeds A consist of drought-resistant herbaceous plant seeds and shrub plant seeds coated with the coating material A on the surface, and the dosage ratio of the herbaceous plant seeds to the shrub plant seeds is 6-8: 1; the coating seeds B are seeds of at least one of salix purpurea, caragana microphylla, salix psammophila, sea buckthorn, pigeon pea and cassia tora, the surface of which is sprayed with the coating material B.

In the ecological restoration blanket, the inverted filter layer is made of raw materials such as sand, broken stones and pebbles which are commonly used in the market, and the sprayed water or rainfall is guaranteed to quickly and deeply penetrate into the lowered matrix fertilizer layer and the water retention layer.

The ecological restoration blanket is provided with fixing nails arranged in a matrix, and the fixing nails can be selected from ropes made of degradable fiber materials such as collagen fibers, polycaprolactone, polyglycolic acid, polylactic-glycolic acid copolymer, dioxanone polymer and the like and are bound on the ecological restoration blanket. The fixing nail is formed by pressing biodegradable materials, the outer shell is made of modified artemisia glue, the inner shell is made of biodegradable materials (such as polylactic acid) and is directly provided with segments which are the same as the inner shell materials when the fixing nail is pressed, shrub plant seeds which can rapidly root and are subjected to coating treatment are placed on the segments, and the positions of the segments can be adjusted according to actual conditions. In the early stage of being installed in the ecological restoration blanket, the fixing nails can play a good role in fixing, with regular water spraying, the shrub seeds inside begin to rapidly take roots and sprout, meanwhile, the inner shell is gradually degraded, the modified artemisia glue of the outer shell and the sprayed and permeated water gradually act, a good solidification and agglomeration effect is achieved on the surrounding desertification soil, and the functions of sand prevention and sand fixation are further played in the middle stage. With the further degradation of the degradable material of the inner shell of the fixing nail and the function of the modified artemisia glue of the outer shell, the fixing nail is gradually disintegrated, the root system of the shrub seeds in the fixing nail gradually becomes developed, and the fixing nail is replaced by continuous growth to play the corresponding function of fixing the sand of the ecological restoration blanket. The fixing nails are designed in such a way, when the plants in the ecological restoration blanket are weak in growth, the fixing nails provide enough wind-proof and sand-fixing functions, so that the ecological restoration blanket is prevented from being blown by wind and sand; and along with the root growth of the shrub plants which rapidly root in the fixing nails, the shrub plants can provide firmer and more stable wind and sand prevention effects than the fixing nails at the later stage.

In the matrix fertilizer layer, herbaceous plant seeds and shrub plant seeds are matched for use, the grass and shrub combination is achieved by adopting a specific dosage ratio (the dosage ratio of the herbaceous plant seeds to the shrub plant seeds is 6-8:1, and the optimal ratio is 6.5:1), the herbaceous plant growth period is short, the planting speed is high, the shrub plant germination period is long, the soil-fixing and drought-resisting capacity is high, the root system is developed, a good growth environment can be built for the shrub seeds in the early stage of the herbaceous plant, and the sand-fixing and repairing effects of the ecological repairing blanket are better. After the shrub grows stably, the arbor can be planted subsequently. The first binder used is commercially available guar gum, white latex, yellow gum, or the like.

The water retention layer is formed by pressing common super absorbent resin on the market through an adhesive, and the adhesive can be common materials such as carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and the like. The water retaining layer is externally wrapped with a water permeable fabric cloth, such as cotton cloth or other composite fiber material. A plurality of elastic fiber ropes (such as diene elastic fibers, polyurethane fibers, polyether ester elastic fibers, polyolefin elastic fibers or composite elastic fibers produced by other manufacturers) can be additionally connected between the fabric cloth on the upper surface and the fabric cloth on the lower surface of the water retention layer, so that the water retention layer can be always kept integral after the super absorbent resin absorbs water to expand and loses water to recover.

Preferably, the coating material A comprises, by mass, 85-95% of a compound fertilizer, 0.5-1% of a trace element fertilizer, 1-3% of gibberellin, 0.01-0.1% of indolebutyric acid, 0.05-0.5% of naphthylacetic acid and 3-11% of a film-forming agent.

More preferably, the coating material A comprises 88% of compound fertilizer, 0.8% of trace element fertilizer, 1.8% of gibberellin, 0.05% of indolebutyric acid, 0.35% of naphthylacetic acid and 9% of film forming agent in percentage by mass.

Preferably, the coating material B comprises 78-85% of compound fertilizer, 2-4% of trace element fertilizer, 2-5% of gibberellin, 0.2-0.5% of indolebutyric acid, 0.2-0.6% of naphthylacetic acid and 10-13% of film forming agent by mass.

More preferably, the coating material B comprises 80% of compound fertilizer, 3.2% of trace element fertilizer, 4.2% of gibberellin, 0.34% of indolebutyric acid, 0.26% of naphthylacetic acid and 12% of film forming agent in percentage by mass.

Preferably, the raw materials of the matrix fertilizer layer comprise 20% of coated plant seeds A, 50% of decomposed straw manure, 20% of cork scraps and 10% of first adhesive in percentage by weight.

The preparation method of the coated seed A or the coated seed B comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials of the coating material A or the coating material B, adding 10 times of water by weight, uniformly mixing to obtain a corresponding coating solution, putting the herbaceous plant seeds and the shrub seeds into the coating solution, soaking for 25-30min, and drying to obtain the coating.

Preferably, the fixing nail is upwards exposed from the upper surface of the inverted filter layer, and the side wall of one exposed end of the fixing nail is provided with a plurality of first through holes; and a plurality of second through holes are formed in the side face of the bottom end of the fixing nail. The purpose of the design is that when raining or sprinkling, part of water can slowly permeate into the fixing nail to flow in along with the first through hole through the capillary action, and further rooting and germination of the shrub seeds in the fixing nail are promoted.

Preferably, adopt biodegradable materials's rope to connect between the adjacent staple and form latticed structure, latticed structure level is established guarantor's water layer below. Adopt the rope to connect between the staple, can further promote the effect of fixing sand, also enable ecological remediation blanket and firmly fix in desert soil, can also provide the guide for the root system growth.

Preferably, the herbaceous plant seeds are seeds of at least one of bermuda grass, teff grass, sargassum thunbergii, perennial ryegrass, wheatgrass, alfalfa, awnless oat, peganum harmala and artemisia desertorum; the shrub seeds are at least one of sea buckthorn, salix psammophila and caragana microphylla.

The invention also provides a using method of the ecological restoration blanket, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, burying the ecological restoration blanket under the desert soil, wherein the burying depth is 5-10cm, and covering the desert soil again;

s2, spraying water for the first time at the place where the ecological restoration blanket is buried according to the using amount of 10-12 t/mu;

s3, and after 2-3d, carrying out secondary water spraying at the place where the ecological restoration blanket is buried according to the use amount of 15-20 t/mu;

and S4, supplementing and sprinkling water at intervals of 3d according to the dosage of 4-6 t/mu at the place where the ecological restoration blanket is buried until plants grow in more than 85% of the fixing nails.

The method is specially designed for the ecological restoration blanket, after the ecological restoration blanket is buried, a primary growth environment is created through first water spraying, seeds in the ecological restoration blanket are quickly adapted, plants in the fixing nails can absorb moisture to quickly root and germinate, the water spraying amount is small, the water absorption degradation of the inner shell and the outer shell of the fixing nails is slow, most of other spraying water penetrates into the reverse filter layer, enters the matrix fertilizer layer and is intercepted, and a part of the spraying water is intercepted by the water retention layer. The second water spraying can further promote the growth of plant seeds and fully exert the function of a water retention layer

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. through set up special staple in the ecological remediation blanket to put into the seed of specific several kinds of plants in the staple, utilize the form of the staple of the preceding later stage of sprouting change of taking root fast of plant seed, not only effectively prolonged the functional time of staple, the fixed effect of later stage of staple further strengthens when still, is showing the sand fixation function that has improved desert soil.

2. By adopting a mode of combining herbaceous plants and shrub plants in a specific proportion, the repairing effect of the whole ecological repairing blanket is enhanced, and the duration of the repairing function is longer.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the ecological restoration blanket of example 1;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the fixing nail of the ecological restoration blanket of embodiment 1;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the ecological restoration blanket of embodiment 10;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the fixing nail of the ecological restoration blanket of embodiment 10;

in the figure: 1. a reverse filtering layer; 2. a base fertilizer layer; 3. a water retention layer; 301. a composite fabric layer; 4. fixing nails; 5. an inner shell; 501. segment; 6. a housing; 7. a first through hole; 8. a second through hole; 9. a rope; 10. a grid-like structure; 11. an elastic fiber rope.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The ecological restoration blanket provided in the following examples and comparative examples, unless otherwise specified, includes, from top to bottom, a reverse filter layer 1, a base fertilizer layer 2, and a water retention layer 3 as shown in fig. 1 and 2; a plurality of fixing nails 4 vertically penetrating the ecological restoration blanket downwards are additionally arranged; the fixing nails 4 are arranged on the ecological restoration blanket in a matrix manner, and the interval between every two adjacent fixing nails 4 is 10 cm.

The length of the fixing nail 4 is 35cm, polylactic acid is firstly adopted to press the fixing nail into an inner shell 5 with an internal hollow tubular structure, 98% of modified artemisia desertorum gum and 2% of adhesive are then pressed outside the inner shell 5 into an outer shell 6, a segment 501 is horizontally arranged in the inner shell 5, and salix mongolica seeds of which the surfaces are sprayed with the coating material B are placed on the segment 501. The modified artemisia glue is prepared by uniformly stirring and mixing common artemisia glue and a silane coupling agent, wherein the dosage of the silane coupling agent is 3% of that of the common artemisia glue. The water retention layer 3 is formed by pressing 98 percent of super absorbent resin and 2 percent of second adhesive according to mass fraction; and a composite fabric layer 301 of cotton threads and polyurethane fibers is wrapped outside the water-retaining layer 3.

The coated seed A consists of drought-resistant herbaceous plant seeds and shrub plant seeds coated with the coating material A on the surface; the coated seeds B are seeds of salix mongolica with the surface sprayed with the coating material B. The herbaceous plant seeds are seeds of Shacaowang, and the shrub plant seeds are seeds of sea buckthorn.

The preparation method of the decomposed straw manure comprises the following steps: crushing straws, uniformly mixing the crushed straws with excrement of fresh human or animals according to the weight ratio of 1:1, adding a commercial decomposition agent, stacking in the open air with the stacking height of 30-35cm, keeping the moisture content at about 60%, turning over once every 3d, and turning over twice to finish decomposition.

The ecological restoration blankets provided in the following examples and comparative examples were used according to the following methods unless otherwise specified:

s1, burying the ecological restoration blanket under the desert soil, wherein the burying depth is 10cm, and covering the desert soil again;

s2, spraying water for the first time at the place where the ecological restoration blanket is buried according to the use amount of 12 t/mu;

s3, 3d, spraying water for the second time at the place where the ecological restoration blanket is buried according to the use amount of 18 t/mu;

and S4, supplementing and spraying water at intervals of 3d according to the dosage of 6 t/mu at the place where the ecological restoration blanket is buried until plants grow in more than 85% of the fixing nails.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the ecological restoration blanket for desert gobi soil provided in this embodiment, the raw materials of the matrix fertilizer layer include, by weight, 20% of coated plant seeds a, 50% of decomposed straw manure, 20% of cork dust, and 10% of the first adhesive. The formula of the coating material A used for coating the seeds A is as follows: 88 percent of compound fertilizer, 0.8 percent of trace element fertilizer, 1.8 percent of gibberellin, 0.05 percent of indolebutyric acid, 0.35 percent of naphthylacetic acid and 9 percent of film-forming agent. In the coating seeds A, the proportion of the usage amount of the herbaceous plant seeds to the shrub plant seeds is 6.5: 1; the coating material B used for coating the seeds B comprises 80 percent of compound fertilizer, 3.2 percent of trace element fertilizer, 4.2 percent of gibberellin, 0.34 percent of indolebutyric acid, 0.26 percent of naphthylacetic acid and 12 percent of film forming agent according to the mass fraction.

Example 2

The ecological restoration blanket for the soil in the gobi desert provided by the embodiment is different from the ecological restoration blanket in the embodiment 1 in that the formula of the coating material A for coating the seeds A is as follows: 95% of compound fertilizer, 0.5% of trace element fertilizer, 1% of gibberellin, 0.01% of indolebutyric acid, 0.49% of naphthylacetic acid and 3% of film-forming agent.

Example 3

The ecological restoration blanket for the soil in the gobi desert provided by the embodiment is different from the ecological restoration blanket in the embodiment 1 in that the formula of the coating material A for coating the seeds A is as follows: 85% of compound fertilizer, 1% of trace element fertilizer, 3% of gibberellin, 0.1% of indolebutyric acid, 0.05% of naphthylacetic acid and 10.85% of film-forming agent.

Example 4

The ecological restoration blanket for the soil in the gobi of the desert is different from the ecological restoration blanket in example 1 in that the ratio of the dosage of the herbaceous plant seeds to the dosage of the shrub plant seeds in the coating seeds A is 8: 1.

Example 5

The ecological restoration blanket for the soil in the gobi of the desert is different from the ecological restoration blanket in example 1 in that the ratio of the dosage of the herbaceous plant seeds to the dosage of the shrub plant seeds in the coating seeds A is 6: 1.

Example 6

The ecological restoration blanket for the soil in the gobi of the desert provided by the embodiment is different from the ecological restoration blanket in the embodiment 1 in that the coating material B comprises 85% of compound fertilizer, 2.2% of trace element fertilizer, 2% of gibberellin, 0.2% of indolebutyric acid, 0.6% of naphthylacetic acid and 10% of film-forming agent in percentage by mass.

Example 7

The ecological restoration blanket for the soil in the gobi of the desert provided by the embodiment is different from the ecological restoration blanket in the embodiment 1 in that the coating material B comprises 78% of compound fertilizer, 4% of trace element fertilizer, 5% of gibberellin, 0.5% of indolebutyric acid, 0.2% of naphthylacetic acid and 12.3% of film-forming agent in percentage by mass.

Example 8

The ecological restoration blanket for the soil in the gobi desert provided by the embodiment is different from the ecological restoration blanket in the embodiment 1 in that the raw materials of the matrix fertilizer layer comprise, by weight, 25% of coated plant seeds A, 45% of decomposed straw and excrement, 20% of cork fragments and 10% of first adhesive.

Example 9

The ecological restoration blanket for the soil in the gobi desert provided by the embodiment is different from the ecological restoration blanket in the embodiment 1 in that the raw materials of the matrix fertilizer layer comprise 15% of coated plant seeds A, 55% of decomposed straw and excrement, 20% of cork scraps and 10% of first adhesive in percentage by weight.

Example 10

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the ecological restoration blanket for the soil in the gobi desert is different from that of embodiment 1 in that fixing nails 4 are upwardly exposed from the surface of the inverted filter layer 1, and a plurality of first through holes 7 are formed in the side wall of one exposed end of each fixing nail 4; a plurality of second through holes 8 are formed in the side face of the bottom end of the fixing nail 4; the adjacent fixing nails 4 are connected by adopting ropes 9 made of biodegradable materials to form a grid-shaped structure 10, and the grid-shaped structure is horizontally arranged below the water retention layer 3; a plurality of elastic fiber ropes can be additionally connected between the fabric cloth on the upper surface and the fabric cloth on the lower surface of the water retaining layer 3.

Comparative example 1

The ecological restoration blanket for the soil in the gobi desert of the desert provided by the comparative example is different from the ecological restoration blanket in example 1 in that the dosage ratio of the herbaceous plant seeds to the shrub plant seeds in the coating seeds A is 9: 1.

Comparative example 2

The ecological restoration blanket for the soil in the gobi desert of the desert provided by the comparative example is different from the ecological restoration blanket in example 1 in that the dosage ratio of the herbaceous plant seeds to the shrub plant seeds in the coating seeds A is 5: 1.

Comparative example 3

The ecological restoration blanket for the soil in the gobi desert provided by the comparative example is different from the ecological restoration blanket in example 1 in that all the coated seeds A are herbaceous plant seeds.

Comparative example 4

The ecological restoration blanket for the soil in the gobi desert provided by the comparative example is different from the ecological restoration blanket in example 1 in that all the coated seeds A are shrub plant seeds.

Comparative example 5

The ecological restoration blanket for the soil in the gobi desert provided by the comparative example is different from the ecological restoration blanket in example 1 in that a plurality of sweet clovers sprayed with the coating material B on the surface are placed in the hollow tubular structures of the inner shells of the fixing nails.

Comparative example 6

The ecological restoration blanket for the soil in the gobi desert provided by the comparative example is different from the ecological restoration blanket in example 1 in that no seeds are placed in the hollow tubular structures of the inner shells of the fixing nails.

Comparative example 7

The ecological restoration blanket for the soil in the gobi desert is different from the ecological restoration blanket in the embodiment 1 in that the fixing nails are made of ABS materials commonly used in ecological blanket production, are of solid structures, and are not provided with any seeds inside.

Application example 1: sand fixation effect evaluation and plant growth condition judgment of ecological restoration blanket

1. The test method comprises the following steps:

taking sand desert soil (volume weight about 1.62 g/cm)³) Mixing, and packaging into containers with length, width and height of 90 cm;

secondly, burying the ecological restoration blanket of the embodiment under the desert soil, wherein the burying depth is 15cm, covering the desert soil again, and simultaneously spraying water to the soil in the whole container while stirring, wherein the water spraying amount is 12 t/mu (namely 18 kg/square meter);

thirdly, after 3 days, spraying water again to the soil according to the use amount of 18 t/mu (27 kg/square meter);

fourthly, water spraying is performed on the places where the ecological restoration blankets are buried according to the use amount of 6 t/mu every 3 days, plants grow out in 90% of the fixing nails after 45 days, and water spraying is stopped.

Lightly excavating the desert soil, taking the plant and the ecological restoration board out, observing the growth conditions of the plants in the fixing nails and the ecological blanket substrate fertilizer layer, and measuring the maximum growth depth (cm) of the roots of the plants in the fixing nails and the substrate fertilizer layer in the soil by using a measuring tape; the desert soil was excavated, and the maximum consolidation thickness (cm) of the desert soil of the ecological restoration blankets of examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 7 was measured with a tape measure, and the desert soil area near the plant roots was defaulted as having achieved consolidation. The measurement results are shown in table 1 below.

TABLE 1 evaluation of sand fixation effect and plant growth status of ecological restoration blanket

As can be seen from the above table, by comparing examples 1, 4, 5 and comparative examples 1-4, when the ratio of the herbaceous plant seeds to the shrub plant seeds in the matrix fertilizer layer of the ecological blanket is different, the overall sand-fixing effect of the ecological blanket will be affected due to the difference in the growth speed of the herbaceous plant seeds and the shrub plant seeds; when all the coated seeds A of the matrix fertilizer layer are herbaceous plant seeds, the consolidation thickness of the ecological blanket to the desert soil is mainly generated by the fixing nails; when all the coated seeds A of the substrate fertilizer layer are shrub seeds, the early sand fixing effect is not ideal due to slow growth of the shrub seeds.

As can be seen from comparative examples 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7, the raw material ratios of the coating material A and the coating material B have a significant effect on the germination and growth of the corresponding plant seeds.

It can be seen from comparative examples 1, 8 and 9 that the respective raw material ratios of the base fertilizer layer have a significant effect on the growth of the seeds therein.

As can be seen from comparing examples 1 and 10, the growth of the plants in the staples can be promoted to some extent by optimizing the structure of the staples.

Through comparative example 1 and comparative examples 5 to 7, it can be seen that when the fixing nail is replaced by the herbaceous plant seeds, or the herbaceous plant seeds are not added, or the fixing nail is replaced by the common ABS nail on the market, the thickness of the consolidated soil is reduced, the effects of sand fixation and sand prevention of the ecological blanket are influenced, and the ecological environment is improved.

Claims (10)

1. An ecological restoration blanket for desert gobi soil is characterized by comprising a reverse filtration layer, a matrix fertilizer layer and a water retention layer from top to bottom; a plurality of fixing nails vertically penetrating through the ecological restoration blanket downwards are additionally arranged; the fixing nails are arranged on the ecological restoration blanket in a matrix manner, and the interval between every two adjacent fixing nails is 5-10 cm;

the base fertilizer layer comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 15-25% of coated plant seeds A, 45-55% of decomposed straw manure, 15-25% of cork scraps and 8-12% of a first adhesive; a fabric layer is arranged to wrap the outside of the water retention layer;

the fixing nail comprises an outer shell and an inner shell, wherein the outer shell consists of 98% of modified artemisia glue and 2% of adhesive in percentage by mass, and the modified artemisia glue is prepared by grafting and modifying common artemisia glue through a silane coupling agent; the inner shell is made of biodegradable materials and is of a hollow tubular structure; the hollow tubular structure of the inner shell is horizontally provided with segments, and a plurality of coated plant seeds B are placed on the segments;

the coating seeds A consist of drought-resistant herbaceous plant seeds and shrub plant seeds coated with the coating material A on the surface, and the dosage ratio of the herbaceous plant seeds to the shrub plant seeds is 6-8: 1; the coating seeds B are seeds of at least one of salix purpurea, caragana microphylla, salix psammophila, sea buckthorn, pigeon pea and cassia tora, the surface of which is sprayed with the coating material B.

2. The ecological restoration blanket according to claim 1, wherein the coating material a comprises, by mass, 85-95% of a compound fertilizer, 0.5-1% of a trace element fertilizer, 1-3% of gibberellin, 0.01-0.1% of indolebutyric acid, 0.05-0.5% of naphthylacetic acid, and 3-12% of a film-forming agent.

3. The ecological restoration blanket according to claim 2, wherein the coating material a comprises 88% of compound fertilizer, 0.8% of trace element fertilizer, 1.8% of gibberellin, 0.05% of indolebutyric acid, 0.35% of naphthylacetic acid and 9% of film-forming agent by mass.

4. The ecological restoration blanket according to claim 1, wherein the coating material B comprises 78-85% of compound fertilizer, 2-4% of trace element fertilizer, 2-5% of gibberellin, 0.2-0.5% of indolebutyric acid, 0.2-0.6% of naphthylacetic acid and 10-13% of film-forming agent by mass.

5. The ecological restoration blanket according to claim 4, wherein the coating material B comprises 80% of compound fertilizer, 3.2% of trace element fertilizer, 4.2% of gibberellin, 0.34% of indolebutyric acid, 0.26% of naphthylacetic acid and 12% of film-forming agent by mass.

6. The ecological restoration blanket according to claim 1, wherein the fixing nails are upwardly exposed from the upper surface of the inverted filter layer, and the side wall of one exposed end of each fixing nail is provided with a plurality of first through holes; and a plurality of second through holes are formed in the side face of the bottom end of the fixing nail.

7. The ecological restoration blanket according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials of the base fertilizer layer comprise 20% of coated plant seed A, 50% of decomposed straw manure, 20% of cork dust and 10% of first adhesive in percentage by weight.

8. The ecological restoration blanket according to claim 1, wherein the adjacent fixing nails are connected by a rope made of biodegradable material to form a grid structure, and the grid structure is horizontally arranged below the water retention layer.

9. The ecological restoration blanket according to claim 1, wherein the herbaceous plant seeds are seeds of at least one of bermuda grass, teff grass, sargassum thunbergii, perennial ryegrass, wheatgrass, alfalfa, awnless oat, peganum harmala, and artemisia desertorum; the shrub plant seed is at least one of seed of fructus Hippophae, Salix psammophila and Caragana microphylla.

10. The use method of the ecological restoration blanket for the soil in the gobi of the desert as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the use method comprises the following steps:

s1, burying the ecological restoration blanket under the desert soil, wherein the burying depth is 5-10cm, and covering the desert soil again;

s2, spraying water for the first time at the place where the ecological restoration blanket is buried according to the using amount of 10-12 t/mu;

s3, and after 2-3d, carrying out secondary water spraying at the place where the ecological restoration blanket is buried according to the use amount of 15-20 t/mu;

and S4, supplementing and sprinkling water at intervals of 3d according to the dosage of 4-6 t/mu at the place where the ecological restoration blanket is buried until plants grow in more than 85% of the fixing nails.

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