CN114268375B - Photon compressed sensing method and system based on chirped fiber grating - Google Patents
Photon compressed sensing method and system based on chirped fiber grating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a photon compressed sensing method and a photon compressed sensing system based on chirped fiber gratings, which relate to the technical field of data identification and comprise the following steps: the refractive indexes of the chirped fiber gratings on the light with different center wavelengths are obtained and used as random sequences; utilizing a chirped fiber grating to carry out spectrum coding on an optical signal emitted by a broad-spectrum laser source, and widening the optical signal in a time domain to finish frequency-time mapping; mixing the sparse signal and the random sequence in an optical domain; converting the received mixed optical signal into an electrical signal; integrating and accumulating the obtained electric signals to obtain sampling signals; and recovering the original signal from the sampling signal through a recovery algorithm to obtain a recovered signal. The invention does not need a random sequence generator, introduces random sequences when frequency-time mapping is completed by utilizing the chirped fiber grating, greatly reduces the cost of a photon compression sensing system, is beneficial to system integration, and fully exerts the advantages of low loss and strong anti-interference capability of the photonics technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication, in particular to a photon compressed sensing method and system based on chirped fiber gratings.
Background
The conversion from an analog signal to a digital signal must go through a sampling process, and the nyquist theorem states that the sampling rate must be equal to or greater than twice the highest frequency of the signal to represent the original signal in discrete sampling points without losing any information. In reality, however, the increasing amount of information will place higher demands on the signal acquisition technology, and the sampling rate of Analog-to-digital Converter (ADC) is also a great challenge. The advent of compressed sensing technology provides an effective approach to the solution of this problem. The technology can sample the broadband sparse signal at a rate lower than the Nyquist theorem, and reduces the pressure of the signal in the processes of acquisition, storage and transmission. The microwave photonics technology has the advantages of low loss, large bandwidth, strong anti-interference capability and the like. The combination of compressed sensing (Compressive Sensing, CS) technology and microwave photonics technology provides great advantages in the acquisition of broadband signals.
For example, compressed sensing theory, also known as compressive sensing or compressive sampling, was first proposed in L.Donoho.compressed sensing [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2006,52 (4): 1289-1306. Compressed sensing theory holds that if a signal is sparse in a domain, the original signal can be recovered by reconstruction of sampling points far below the nyquist sampling theorem requirement. Sparse here means that the signal can be characterized by a few elements under some transformation. Because most signals in nature can be subjected to sparse representation through certain transformation, the compressed sensing technology is widely applied.
For example, S.Kirolos, J.Laska, M.Wakin, et al analog-to-Information Conversion via Random Demodulation [ C ]. IEEE Dallas/CAS Workshop on Design, applications, integration and Software,2006:71-74 propose a compressed sensing scheme based on a random demodulator structure, input signals and random sequences are mixed by a multiplier, an integral accumulation function is realized by a low-pass filter, and finally downsampling is performed to obtain a measurement result. G.C.Valley, G.A.Sefler and T.J.Shaw.Compressive sensing of sparse radio frequency signals using optical mixing [ J ]. Optics Letters,2012,37 (22): 4675-4677 first propose a scheme for implementing photon compression sensing using spatial light modulators, which opens the way for photon compression sensing. In the above scheme, the optical pulse emitted by the mode-locked laser is stretched in the time domain through the dispersive medium, frequency-time mapping is introduced, the input signal is modulated on the stretched optical pulse by the mach-zehnder modulator, and the mixing of the random sequence and the input signal is completed through the spatial light modulator. Photon compressed sensing takes advantage of photonics techniques to improve bandwidth and performance of compressed sensing systems. Thereafter, schemes for photonic compressed sensing have evolved, including compressed sensing in combination with optical mixing techniques, compressed sensing in combination with optical filtering techniques, compressed sensing in combination with photonic time stretching/compression techniques, multi-channel photonic compressed sensing, and the like.
The above solution has the following drawbacks: the structure is complex, the photon compressed sensing can be completed by using a random sequence generator, and the bandwidth and the performance of the photon compressed sensing process can be still reduced, and the anti-interference capability is weak.
Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, it is necessary to design a reasonable photonic compressed sensing method based on chirped fiber gratings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the photon compressed sensing method based on the chirped fiber grating, which has the advantages of simple structure, no need of a random sequence generator, no need of a spatial light modulator or an additional electro-optical modulator, great reduction of the cost of a photon compressed sensing system, contribution to system integration and full play of the advantages of low loss, large bandwidth and strong anti-interference capability of the photonics technology, and utilizes the chirped fiber grating to finish frequency-time mapping.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a photon compressed sensing method based on chirped fiber gratings comprises the following steps:
s1: the refractive indexes of the chirped fiber gratings on the light with different center wavelengths are obtained and used as random sequences introduced by the chirped fiber gratings;
s2: the chirped fiber grating is utilized to carry out spectrum coding on the optical signal emitted by the broad-spectrum laser source, and the optical signal is widened in the time domain, so that frequency-time mapping is completed;
s3: mixing the sparse signal and the random sequence in an optical domain to obtain a mixed optical signal;
s4: converting the received mixed optical signal into an electrical signal through envelope detection;
s5: integrating and accumulating the obtained electric signals to obtain sampling signals;
s6: and recovering the original signal from the sampling signal through a recovery algorithm to obtain a recovered signal.
As the preferable choice of the invention, before executing step S1, the wide-spectrum laser source is connected to the signal inlet port of the optical circulator, the chirped fiber grating is connected to the first output port of the optical circulator, the photoelectric detector is connected to the second output port of the optical circulator, and the sampler is connected to the photoelectric detector;
when the step S1 is executed, the optical signals with different wavelengths are randomly set into two states of passing or blocking through the chirped fiber grating, so that the data measured at the sampler is the random sequence introduced by the chirped fiber grating.
Preferably, the random sequence is stored after step S1 is performed.
As a preference of the invention, step S3 is performed, ensuring that the representation of the sparse signal in the predetermined domain is sparse and can be characterized by several elements.
Preferably, in the present invention, when step S4 is performed: after the mixed optical signal is received by the electro-optical modulator, the electro-optical modulator adjusts the bias voltage to enable the electro-optical modulator to work at a linear working point, and the received mixed optical signal is converted into an electric signal through envelope detection.
The invention also provides a photon compression sensing system based on the chirped fiber grating, which comprises:
a broad spectrum laser source;
chirped fiber gratings; the method is used for carrying out spectrum coding on the optical signal emitted by the broad-spectrum laser source, and widening the optical signal in the time domain to finish frequency-time mapping;
a sampler: the method is used for obtaining the refractive indexes of the chirped fiber grating to the light with different center wavelengths and is used as a random sequence introduced by the chirped fiber grating;
electro-optic modulator: the method comprises the steps of mixing a sparse signal with a random sequence in an optical domain to obtain a mixed optical signal;
photo detector: for converting the received mixed optical signal into an electrical signal by envelope detection;
a low pass filter: the method comprises the steps of integrating and accumulating the obtained electric signals to obtain sampling signals;
and the signal reconstruction module is used for: the method is used for recovering the original signal from the sampling signal through a recovery algorithm to obtain a recovered signal.
Preferably, the system further comprises an optical circulator; the signal input port of the optical circulator is connected to a broad-spectrum laser source, the first output port of the optical circulator is connected to the chirped fiber grating access optical circulator, and the second output port of the optical circulator is connected to the sampler through the photoelectric detector;
the chirped fiber grating is convenient to receive the optical signal emitted by the broad-spectrum laser source and perform spectrum coding;
and facilitating the sampler to accept the refractive indexes of the chirped fiber grating to light with different center wavelengths.
Preferably, in the system of the present invention, the photodetector is an avalanche diode APD detector or a silicon photomultiplier detector.
In the system, the chirped fiber grating is in a linear chirped fiber grating structure, and the chirped fiber grating is randomly arranged in a 'passing' state or a 'blocking' state for optical signals with different wavelengths.
Preferably, in the system of the present invention, the electro-optical modulator is an intensity type mach-zehnder modulator.
The photon compression sensing method and system based on the chirped fiber grating have the beneficial effects that: the structure is simple, a random sequence generator is not needed, a chirped fiber grating is utilized to finish frequency-time mapping, a random sequence is introduced, a spatial light modulator or an additional electro-optical modulator is not needed, the cost of a photon compression sensing system is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the system integration is facilitated, and the advantages of low loss, large bandwidth and strong anti-interference capability of a photonics technology are fully exerted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a photonic compressed sensing method based on chirped fiber gratings according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a refractive index diagram of chirped fiber grating for different wavelength light in a photon compressed sensing method based on chirped fiber grating according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a spectrum diagram of a recovered signal and an original signal in a photonic compressed sensing method based on a chirped fiber grating according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a time domain diagram of a recovered signal and an original signal in a chirped fiber grating-based photon compressed sensing method according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the module connection of a photonic compressed sensing system based on chirped fiber gratings according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a broad spectrum laser source; 2. an optical circulator; 3. a signal entry port of the optical circulator; 4. a first output port of the optical circulator; 5. a second output port of the optical circulator; 6. chirped fiber gratings; 7. sparse signals; 8. an electro-optic modulator; 9. a photodetector; 10. a low pass filter; 11. a sampler; 12. and a signal reconstruction module.
Detailed Description
The following are specific examples of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are further described, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of the modules and structures set forth in these embodiments does not limit the scope of the invention unless specifically stated otherwise.
The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
Techniques, methods, and systems known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, should be considered part of the present description.
Embodiment one: as shown in fig. 1 to 4, which are only one embodiment of the present invention, a photonic compressed sensing method based on chirped fiber gratings includes the following steps:
s1: the refractive indexes of the chirped fiber gratings on the light with different center wavelengths are obtained and used as random sequences introduced by the chirped fiber gratings;
s2: the chirped fiber grating is utilized to carry out spectrum coding on the optical signal emitted by the broad-spectrum laser source, and the optical signal is widened in the time domain, so that frequency-time mapping is completed;
s3: mixing the sparse signal and the random sequence in an optical domain to obtain a mixed optical signal;
s4: converting the received mixed optical signal into an electrical signal through envelope detection;
s5: integrating and accumulating the obtained electric signals to obtain sampling signals;
s6: and recovering the original signal from the sampling signal through a recovery algorithm to obtain a recovered signal.
In this embodiment, the time domain expression of the optical signal emitted by the broad spectrum laser source is:
where Eo is the peak value of the electric field strength, τ 0 Is the half width at the pulse peak 1/e, and the frequency response of a chirped fiber grating can be expressed as:
wherein R (omega) is a frequency domain expression of a random sequence introduced by the chirped fiber grating,
is the dispersion quantity, according to the real-time Fourier transform theory, the far-field condition is satisfied +.>
In the case of (2), the mapping relation of frequency and time is as follows
The time domain optical signal reflected by the chirped fiber grating can be approximately expressed as:
the sparse signal x (t) is modulated on the optical signal reflected by the chirped fiber grating through a Mach-Zehnder modulator, and if the sparse signal x (t) is a small signal, the mixed optical signal is:
wherein alpha is the modulation factor of the Mach-Zehnder modulator, then the optical signal is converted into an electric signal by a photoelectric detector, then the electric signal is subjected to an integration and accumulation process by a low-pass filter and a sampler, a sampling signal is obtained, and finally the measured random sequence is obtained
And sending the sampling signal to a signal reconstruction module to recover the original signal.
For example, in a photonic compressed sensing method based on chirped fiber gratings according to the present invention, the rate of random sequences is determined by the interval between the chirped fiber gratings to the center wavelengths of adjacent reflected light. The compressed sensing principle requires that the rate of the random sequence must be greater than or equal to twice the highest frequency of the sparse signal, so the rate of the random sequence determines the bandwidth of the recoverable signal of the system. In the simulation of this embodiment, the spectrum width of the broad spectrum laser source is 30nm, the center wavelength is 1550nm, the reflectivity of the chirped fiber grating to light with different wavelengths is as shown in fig. 2, the interval between the center wavelengths of adjacent reflected light is 0.5nm, which is equivalent to introducing 60bit random sequences in the spectrum, the broadening width of the optical signal in the time domain through the chirped fiber grating is calculated to be about 3ns, the time width TPRBS of each bit of the random sequence is 0.05ns, and the velocity fPRBS of the random sequence is calculated to be 20Ghz according to fprbs=1/TPRBS, so the bandwidth of the system is 10Ghz. The selected sparse signal has two frequency components of 2.1Ghz and 5.3Ghz, the signal to noise ratio of the signal is set to be 20dB, the signal is input into the simulation system of the invention, the signal recovered by using the existing reconstruction algorithm is shown in fig. 3 and 4, the simulation is normalized, and the frequency spectrum and time domain information of the signal can be recovered well.
In addition, before executing step S1, the broad-spectrum laser source is connected to the signal inlet port of the optical circulator, the chirped fiber grating is connected to the first output port of the optical circulator, the photoelectric detector is connected to the second output port of the optical circulator, and the sampler is connected to the photoelectric detector;
when the step S1 is executed, the optical signals with different wavelengths are randomly set into two states of passing or blocking through the chirped fiber grating, so that the data measured at the sampler is the random sequence introduced by the chirped fiber grating.
Of course, after step S1 is performed, the random sequence is stored.
Moreover, when step S3 is performed, it is ensured that the representation of the sparse signal in the predetermined domain is sparse and can be characterized by several elements.
Finally, when step S4 is performed, after the mixed optical signal received by the electro-optical modulator, the electro-optical modulator adjusts the bias voltage to make the electro-optical modulator work at a linear working point, and converts the received mixed optical signal into an electrical signal through envelope detection.
The photon compression sensing method based on the chirped fiber grating has a simple structure, does not need a random sequence generator, introduces a random sequence when frequency-time mapping is completed by using the chirped fiber grating, does not need a spatial light modulator or an additional electro-optical modulator, greatly reduces the cost of a photon compression sensing system, is beneficial to system integration, and fully exerts the advantages of low loss, large bandwidth and strong anti-interference capability of the photonics technology.
In a second embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the present invention further provides a photonic compressed sensing system based on chirped fiber grating, the system comprising:
a broad spectrum laser source;
chirped fiber gratings; the method is used for carrying out spectrum coding on the optical signal emitted by the broad-spectrum laser source, and widening the optical signal in the time domain to finish frequency-time mapping;
a sampler: the method is used for obtaining the refractive indexes of the chirped fiber grating to the light with different center wavelengths and is used as a random sequence introduced by the chirped fiber grating;
electro-optic modulator: the method comprises the steps of mixing a sparse signal with a random sequence in an optical domain to obtain a mixed optical signal;
photo detector: for converting the received mixed optical signal into an electrical signal by envelope detection;
a low pass filter: the method comprises the steps of integrating and accumulating the obtained electric signals to obtain sampling signals;
and the signal reconstruction module is used for: the method is used for recovering the original signal from the sampling signal through a recovery algorithm to obtain a recovered signal.
Moreover, the system further comprises an optical circulator; the signal input port of the optical circulator is connected to a broad-spectrum laser source, the first output port of the optical circulator is connected to the chirped fiber grating access optical circulator, and the second output port of the optical circulator is connected to the sampler through the photoelectric detector;
the chirped fiber grating is convenient to receive the optical signal emitted by the broad-spectrum laser source and perform spectrum coding;
and facilitating the sampler to accept the refractive indexes of the chirped fiber grating to light with different center wavelengths.
Of course, in this system, the photodetector is an avalanche diode APD detector or a silicon photomultiplier detector.
In addition, in the system, the chirped fiber grating is of a linear chirped fiber grating structure, and the chirped fiber grating is randomly arranged in a passing state or a blocking state for optical signals with different wavelengths.
Finally, in this system, the electro-optic modulator is an intensity type mach-zehnder modulator.
The photon compressed sensing method and system based on the chirped fiber grating have simple structure, do not need a random sequence generator, introduce random sequences when frequency-time mapping is completed by using the chirped fiber grating, do not need a spatial light modulator or an additional electro-optical modulator, greatly reduce the cost of the photon compressed sensing system, simultaneously facilitate system integration, and fully play the advantages of low loss, large bandwidth and strong anti-interference capability of the photonics technology.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments, and various modifications and variations are possible. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The photon compressed sensing method based on the chirped fiber grating is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: the refractive indexes of the chirped fiber gratings on the light with different center wavelengths are obtained and used as random sequences introduced by the chirped fiber gratings;
s2: the chirped fiber grating is utilized to carry out spectrum coding on the optical signal emitted by the broad-spectrum laser source, and the optical signal is widened in the time domain, so that frequency-time mapping is completed;
s3: mixing the sparse signal and the random sequence in an optical domain to obtain a mixed optical signal;
s4: converting the received mixed optical signal into an electrical signal through envelope detection;
s5: integrating and accumulating the obtained electric signals to obtain sampling signals;
s6: and recovering the original signal from the sampling signal through a recovery algorithm to obtain a recovered signal.
2. The method for photon compressed sensing based on chirped fiber gratings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
before executing step S1, a broad-spectrum laser source is connected to a signal inlet port of an optical circulator, a chirped fiber grating is connected to a first output port of the optical circulator, an electro-optical modulator is connected to a second output port of the optical circulator, and the electro-optical modulator is connected to a sampler sequentially through a photoelectric detector and a low-pass filter;
when the step S1 is executed, the optical signals with different wavelengths are randomly set into two states of passing or blocking through the chirped fiber grating, so that the data measured at the sampler is the random sequence introduced by the chirped fiber grating.
3. The method for photon compressed sensing based on chirped fiber gratings according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
after step S1 is performed, the random sequence is stored.
4. The method for photon compressed sensing based on chirped fiber gratings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
when step S3 is performed, it is ensured that the representation of the sparse signal in the predetermined domain is sparse and can be characterized by several elements.
5. The method for photon compressed sensing based on chirped fiber gratings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
when step S4 is performed, after the mixed optical signal received by the photodetector, the received mixed optical signal is converted into an electrical signal through envelope detection.
6. A photon compression sensing system based on chirped fiber gratings, which is used for obtaining refractive indexes of the chirped fiber gratings to lights with different center wavelengths and is used as a random sequence introduced by the chirped fiber gratings, and is characterized by comprising the following components:
a broad spectrum laser source;
chirped fiber gratings; the method is used for carrying out spectrum coding on the optical signal emitted by the broad-spectrum laser source, and widening the optical signal in the time domain to finish frequency-time mapping;
electro-optic modulator: the method comprises the steps of mixing a sparse signal with a random sequence in an optical domain to obtain a mixed optical signal;
photo detector: for converting the received mixed optical signal into an electrical signal by envelope detection;
low pass filter, sampler: the method comprises the steps of integrating and accumulating the obtained electric signals to obtain sampling signals;
and the signal reconstruction module is used for: the method comprises the steps of recovering an original signal from a sampling signal through a recovery algorithm to obtain a recovered signal;
also comprises an optical circulator; the signal inlet port of the optical circulator is connected to a broad-spectrum laser source, the first output port of the optical circulator is connected to the chirped fiber grating, and the second output port of the optical circulator is connected to the sampler through the photoelectric detector and the low-pass filter sequentially by the electro-optical modulator; the low-pass filter is connected with the signal reconstruction module through a sampler;
the chirped fiber grating is enabled to conveniently receive the optical signal emitted by the broad-spectrum laser source and perform spectrum coding;
and facilitating the sampler to receive the refractive indexes of the chirped fiber grating to the light with different center wavelengths.
7. The chirped fiber grating based photonic compressed sensing system of claim 6 wherein:
the photodetector is an avalanche diode (APD) detector or a silicon photomultiplier detector.
8. The chirped fiber grating based photonic compressed sensing system of claim 6 wherein:
the chirped fiber grating is of a linear chirped fiber grating structure, and is randomly arranged in a passing state or a blocking state for optical signals with different wavelengths.
9. The chirped fiber grating based photonic compressed sensing system of claim 6 wherein:
the electro-optic modulator is an intensity mach-zehnder modulator.
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