CN114268375A - Photon compression sensing method and system based on chirped fiber grating - Google Patents
Photon compression sensing method and system based on chirped fiber grating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a photon compression sensing method and a system based on chirped fiber grating, which relate to the technical field of data identification and comprise the following steps: obtaining the refractive index of the chirped fiber grating to light with different central wavelengths as a random sequence; carrying out spectrum coding on an optical signal emitted by a wide-spectrum laser source by using a chirped fiber grating, and widening in a time domain to complete frequency-time mapping; mixing the sparse signal with a random sequence in an optical domain; converting the received mixed optical signal into an electric signal; performing integral accumulation on the obtained electric signals to obtain sampling signals; and recovering the original signal from the sampling signal through a recovery algorithm to obtain a recovered signal. The invention does not need a random sequence generator, utilizes the chirped fiber grating to complete frequency-time mapping and introduces a random sequence, greatly reduces the cost of a photon compression sensing system, is beneficial to system integration and fully exerts the advantages of low loss and strong anti-interference capability of the photonics technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication,
in particular, the invention relates to a photon compression sensing method and system based on chirped fiber gratings.
Background
Conversion from an analog signal to a digital signal must be performed through a sampling process, and the nyquist theorem indicates that the sampling rate must be equal to or greater than twice the highest frequency of the signal in order to represent the original signal at discrete sampling points without losing any information. However, in reality, the increasing amount of information will put higher demands on the signal acquisition technology, and the sampling rate of the Analog-to-digital Converter (ADC) is also a great challenge. And the appearance of the compressed sensing technology provides an effective way for solving the problem. The technology can sample the broadband sparse signal at a rate lower than the Nyquist theorem, and reduces the pressure of the signal in the processes of acquisition, storage and transmission. The microwave photonics technology has the advantages of low loss, large bandwidth, strong anti-interference capability and the like. The combination of the Compressive Sensing (CS) technology and the microwave photonics technology has great advantages in the acquisition of broadband signals.
For example, the Theory of compressive sensing, also called compressive sensing or compressive sampling, was first proposed in L, Donoho, Compressed sensing [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2006, 52(4): 1289-. The theory of compressed sensing holds that if a signal is sparse in a certain domain, the original signal can be restored through reconstruction of sampling points far below the requirements of the nyquist sampling theorem. Sparse here means that the signal can be characterized by a small number of elements under some transformation. Since most signals in the nature can be sparsely represented by some kind of transform, the compressed sensing technology is widely applied.
For example, S, Kirolos, J, Laska, M, Wakin, et al, Analog-to-Information Conversion via Random Demodulation [ C ] IEEE Dallas/CAS Workshop on Design, Applications, Integration and Software, 2006: 71-74, proposes a compressed sensing scheme based on a Random demodulator structure, wherein an input signal and a Random sequence are mixed by a multiplier, an integral accumulation function is realized by a low-pass filter, and finally down-sampling is performed to obtain a measurement result. The scheme of using a spatial light modulator to realize photon compressed sensing is firstly proposed in G.C. Valley, G.A. Sefler and T.J. Shaw. Compressive sensing of dense radio frequency signals using optical sensing [ J ]. Optics Letters, 2012, 37(22): 4675-. In the scheme, optical pulses emitted by a mode-locked laser are broadened in a time domain through a dispersion medium, frequency-time mapping is introduced, an input signal is modulated on the broadened optical pulses through a Mach-Zehnder modulator, and mixing of a random sequence and the input signal is completed through a spatial light modulator. Photon compressed sensing takes advantage of photonics technology and improves bandwidth and performance of compressed sensing systems. Hereafter, schemes for photon compressed sensing are diversified, including compressed sensing combined with optical mixing technology, compressed sensing combined with optical filtering technology, compressed sensing combined with photon time stretching/compressing technology, photon compressed sensing of multiple channels, and the like.
However, the above solution has the following disadvantages: the structure is complex, the photon compression sensing can be completed only by using a random sequence generator, the bandwidth and the performance of the photon compression sensing process can be still reduced, and the anti-interference capability is weak.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to design a reasonable photon compression sensing method based on chirped fiber grating.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a photon compression sensing method based on chirped fiber grating, which has simple structure, does not need a random sequence generator, utilizes chirped fiber grating to complete frequency-time mapping, introduces random sequence, does not need a spatial light modulator or an additional electro-optical modulator, greatly reduces the cost of a photon compression sensing system, is beneficial to system integration, and fully exerts the advantages of low loss, large bandwidth and strong anti-interference capability of the photonics technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a photon compression sensing method based on chirped fiber grating comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining the refractive index of the chirped fiber grating to light with different central wavelengths as a random sequence introduced by the chirped fiber grating;
s2: carrying out spectrum coding on an optical signal emitted by a wide-spectrum laser source by using a chirped fiber grating, widening the optical signal in a time domain, and completing frequency-time mapping;
s3: obtaining an optical signal after frequency mixing through frequency mixing of the sparse signal and the random sequence in an optical domain;
s4: converting the received mixed optical signal into an electrical signal through envelope detection;
s5: performing integral accumulation on the obtained electric signals to obtain sampling signals;
s6: and recovering the original signal from the sampling signal through a recovery algorithm to obtain a recovered signal.
Preferably, before step S1 is executed, the wide-spectrum laser source is connected to a signal inlet port of the optical circulator, the chirped fiber grating is connected to a first output port of the optical circulator, the photodetector is connected to a second output port of the optical circulator, and the sampler is connected to the photodetector;
in step S1, the chirped fiber grating is randomly set to "pass" or "block" states for optical signals with different wavelengths, so that the data measured at the sampler is the random sequence introduced by the chirped fiber grating.
Preferably, the random sequence is stored after step S1 is executed.
As a preference of the present invention, when step S3 is executed, it is ensured that the representation of the sparse signal in the predetermined domain is sparse and can be characterized by several elements.
Preferably, in the present invention, when step S4 is executed: after the mixed optical signal is received by the electro-optical modulator, the mixed optical signal works at a linear working point by adjusting the bias voltage of the electro-optical modulator, and the received mixed optical signal is converted into an electric signal by envelope detection.
The invention also provides a photon compression sensing system based on the chirped fiber grating, which comprises:
a broad spectrum laser source;
chirped fiber grating; the system comprises a wide-spectrum laser source, a frequency-time mapping unit and a frequency-time mapping unit, wherein the wide-spectrum laser source is used for emitting optical signals;
a sampler: the system is used for acquiring the refractive index of the chirped fiber grating to light with different central wavelengths and taking the refractive index as a random sequence introduced by the chirped fiber grating;
an electro-optical modulator: the optical signal after frequency mixing is obtained through frequency mixing of the sparse signal and the random sequence in an optical domain;
a photoelectric detector: for converting the received mixed optical signal into an electrical signal by envelope detection;
a low-pass filter: the device is used for integrating and accumulating the obtained electric signals to obtain sampling signals;
a signal reconstruction module: and the recovery algorithm is used for recovering the original signal from the sampling signal through a recovery algorithm to obtain a recovered signal.
Preferably, the system further comprises an optical circulator; a signal inlet port of the optical circulator is connected to a wide-spectrum laser source, a first output port of the optical circulator is connected to a chirped fiber grating access optical circulator, and a second output port of the optical circulator is connected to a sampler through a photoelectric detector;
the chirped fiber grating can conveniently receive the optical signal emitted by the wide-spectrum laser source and perform spectral coding;
and the sampler can receive the refractive index of the chirped fiber grating to light with different central wavelengths conveniently.
Preferably, in the system, the photodetector is an Avalanche Photodiode (APD) detector or a silicon photomultiplier detector.
Preferably, in the system, the chirped fiber grating is a linearly chirped fiber grating structure, and is randomly set to be in two states of 'pass' or 'block' for optical signals with different wavelengths.
Preferably, in the system, the electro-optical modulator is an intensity-type mach-zehnder modulator.
The photon compression sensing method and system based on the chirped fiber grating have the beneficial effects that: the structure is simple, a random sequence generator is not needed, a chirp fiber grating is used for completing frequency-time mapping, a random sequence is introduced, a spatial light modulator or an extra electro-optical modulator is not needed, the cost of a photon compression sensing system is greatly reduced, meanwhile, system integration is facilitated, and the advantages of low loss, large bandwidth and strong anti-interference capability of the photonics technology are fully exerted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a photon compression sensing method based on chirped fiber grating according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of refractive index of a chirped fiber grating for different wavelengths in a chirped fiber grating-based photon compression sensing method according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a frequency spectrum diagram of a recovered signal and an original signal in a photon compression sensing method based on chirped fiber grating according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a time domain diagram of a recovered signal and an original signal in a chirped fiber grating-based photon compressed sensing method according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a module connection of a chirped fiber grating-based photon compression sensing system according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a broad spectrum laser source; 2. an optical circulator; 3. a signal inlet port of the optical circulator; 4. a first output port of the optical circulator; 5. a second output port of the optical circulator; 6. chirped fiber grating; 7. a sparse signal; 8. an electro-optic modulator; 9. a photodetector; 10. a low-pass filter; 11. a sampler; 12. and a signal reconstruction module.
Detailed Description
The following are specific examples of the present invention and further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of the modules and structures set forth in these embodiments does not limit the scope of the invention unless specifically stated otherwise.
The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
Techniques, methods, and systems known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
The first embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1 to 4, which are only one embodiment of the present invention, a method for sensing photons based on chirped fiber grating by compression includes the following steps:
s1: obtaining the refractive index of the chirped fiber grating to light with different central wavelengths as a random sequence introduced by the chirped fiber grating;
s2: carrying out spectrum coding on an optical signal emitted by a wide-spectrum laser source by using a chirped fiber grating, widening the optical signal in a time domain, and completing frequency-time mapping;
s3: obtaining an optical signal after frequency mixing through frequency mixing of the sparse signal and the random sequence in an optical domain;
s4: converting the received mixed optical signal into an electrical signal through envelope detection;
s5: performing integral accumulation on the obtained electric signals to obtain sampling signals;
s6: and recovering the original signal from the sampling signal through a recovery algorithm to obtain a recovered signal.
In this embodiment, the time domain expression of the optical signal emitted by the broad spectrum laser source is:
where Eo is the peak value of the electric field strength,
is the half-width at 1/e of the pulse peak, and the frequency response of a chirped fiber grating can be expressed as:
wherein R (omega) is a frequency domain expression of a random sequence introduced by the chirped fiber grating,
is the dispersion quantity, according to the real-time Fourier transform theory, and meets the far-field condition
In the case of (3), the mapping relationship of frequency and time is
The time domain optical signal reflected by the chirped fiber grating can be approximately expressed as:
the sparse signal x (t) is modulated on the optical signal reflected by the chirped fiber grating through a mach-zehnder modulator, and if the sparse signal x (t) is a small signal, the optical signal after frequency mixing is as follows:
wherein alpha is the modulation coefficient of the Mach-Zehnder modulator, then the optical signal is converted into an electric signal by the photoelectric detector, the integral accumulation process is completed by the low-pass filter and the sampler, a sampling signal is obtained, and finally the measured random sequence is processed
And the sampling signal is sent to a signal reconstruction module to recover the original signal.
For example, in a photon compression sensing method based on a chirped fiber grating, the rate of the random sequence is determined by the distance between the chirped fiber grating and the central wavelength of adjacent reflected light. The compressed sensing principle requires that the rate of the random sequence is more than or equal to twice the highest frequency of the sparse signal, so that the rate of the random sequence determines the bandwidth of the recoverable signal of the system. In the simulation of this embodiment, the spectral width of the wide-spectrum laser source used is 30 nm, the center wavelength is 1550 nm, the reflectivity of the chirped fiber grating to different wavelengths is as shown in fig. 3, the interval between the center wavelengths of adjacent reflected lights is 0.5 nm, which is equivalent to introducing a random sequence of 60 bits on the spectrum, the broadening width of the optical signal in the time domain through the chirped fiber grating is determined by a formula, wherein the value is 30 nm for the spectral width of the optical signal, the value is 17 ps/nm/km for the dispersion coefficient, the value is 6 km for the fiber length, the calculated time width is about 3 ns, the time width TPRBS of each bit of the random sequence is 0.05 ns, and the rate fPRBS of the random sequence calculated according to fPRBS =1/TPRBS is 20 Ghz, so that the bandwidth of the system is 10 Ghz. The selected sparse signal has two frequency components of 2.1 Ghz and 5.3 Ghz, the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal is set to 20 dB, the signal is input into the simulation system of the invention, the signal obtained by using the existing reconstruction algorithm is restored as shown in figures 3 and 4, the simulation is normalized, and the frequency spectrum and the time domain information of the signal can be well restored.
In addition, before step S1 is executed, the wide-spectrum laser source is connected to a signal inlet port of the optical circulator, the chirped fiber grating is connected to a first output port of the optical circulator, the photodetector is connected to a second output port of the optical circulator, and the sampler is connected to the photodetector;
in step S1, the chirped fiber grating is randomly set to "pass" or "block" states for optical signals with different wavelengths, so that the data measured at the sampler is the random sequence introduced by the chirped fiber grating.
Of course, after step S1 is executed, the random sequence is stored.
Furthermore, when step S3 is performed, it is ensured that the representation of the sparse signal within the predetermined domain is sparse and can be characterized by several elements.
Finally, when step S4 is executed, after the mixed optical signal is received by the electro-optical modulator, the mixed optical signal is adjusted by the electro-optical modulator to operate at a linear operating point, and the received mixed optical signal is converted into an electrical signal by envelope detection.
The photon compression sensing method based on the chirped fiber grating has a simple structure, does not need a random sequence generator, introduces a random sequence while completing frequency-time mapping by using the chirped fiber grating, does not need a spatial light modulator or an additional electro-optical modulator, greatly reduces the cost of a photon compression sensing system, is beneficial to system integration, and fully exerts the advantages of low loss, large bandwidth and strong anti-interference capability of the photonics technology.
In a second embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the present invention further provides a chirped fiber grating-based photon compressed sensing system, including:
a broad spectrum laser source;
chirped fiber grating; the system comprises a wide-spectrum laser source, a frequency-time mapping unit and a frequency-time mapping unit, wherein the wide-spectrum laser source is used for emitting optical signals;
a sampler: the system is used for acquiring the refractive index of the chirped fiber grating to light with different central wavelengths and taking the refractive index as a random sequence introduced by the chirped fiber grating;
an electro-optical modulator: the optical signal after frequency mixing is obtained through frequency mixing of the sparse signal and the random sequence in an optical domain;
a photoelectric detector: for converting the received mixed optical signal into an electrical signal by envelope detection;
a low-pass filter: the device is used for integrating and accumulating the obtained electric signals to obtain sampling signals;
a signal reconstruction module: and the recovery algorithm is used for recovering the original signal from the sampling signal through a recovery algorithm to obtain a recovered signal.
Moreover, the system also includes an optical circulator; a signal inlet port of the optical circulator is connected to a wide-spectrum laser source, a first output port of the optical circulator is connected to a chirped fiber grating access optical circulator, and a second output port of the optical circulator is connected to a sampler through a photoelectric detector;
the chirped fiber grating can conveniently receive the optical signal emitted by the wide-spectrum laser source and perform spectral coding;
and the sampler can receive the refractive index of the chirped fiber grating to light with different central wavelengths conveniently.
Of course, in this system, the photodetector is an avalanche diode APD detector or a silicon photomultiplier detector.
In addition, in the system, the chirped fiber grating is of a linear chirped fiber grating structure, and is randomly set to be in two states of 'pass' or 'block' for optical signals with different wavelengths.
Finally, in this system, the electro-optic modulator is an intensity-type mach-zehnder modulator.
The photon compression sensing method and system based on the chirped fiber grating are simple in structure, do not need a random sequence generator, utilize the chirped fiber grating to introduce a random sequence while finishing frequency-time mapping, and do not need a spatial light modulator or an additional electro-optic modulator, so that the cost of the photon compression sensing system is greatly reduced, the system integration is facilitated, and the advantages of low loss, large bandwidth and strong anti-interference capability of the photonics technology are fully exerted.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments, and various modifications and variations are possible. Any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made to the above embodiments in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A photon compression sensing method based on chirped fiber grating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: obtaining the refractive index of the chirped fiber grating to light with different central wavelengths as a random sequence introduced by the chirped fiber grating;
s2: carrying out spectrum coding on an optical signal emitted by a wide-spectrum laser source by using a chirped fiber grating, widening the optical signal in a time domain, and completing frequency-time mapping;
s3: obtaining an optical signal after frequency mixing through frequency mixing of the sparse signal and the random sequence in an optical domain;
s4: converting the received mixed optical signal into an electrical signal through envelope detection;
s5: performing integral accumulation on the obtained electric signals to obtain sampling signals;
s6: and recovering the original signal from the sampling signal through a recovery algorithm to obtain a recovered signal.
2. The method for compressed sensing of photons based on chirped fiber gratings according to claim 1, wherein:
before step S1 is executed, the wide-spectrum laser source is connected to a signal inlet port of the optical circulator, the chirped fiber grating is connected to a first output port of the optical circulator, the photodetector is connected to a second output port of the optical circulator, and the sampler is connected to the photodetector;
in step S1, the chirped fiber grating is randomly set to "pass" or "block" states for optical signals with different wavelengths, so that the data measured at the sampler is the random sequence introduced by the chirped fiber grating.
3. The method for compressed sensing of photons based on chirped fiber gratings according to claim 2, wherein:
after step S1 is executed, the random sequence is stored.
4. The method for compressed sensing of photons based on chirped fiber gratings according to claim 1, wherein:
when step S3 is performed, it is ensured that the representation of the sparse signal within the predetermined domain is sparse and can be characterized by several elements.
5. The method for compressed sensing of photons based on chirped fiber gratings according to claim 1, wherein:
when step S4 is executed: after the mixed optical signal is received by the electro-optical modulator, the mixed optical signal works at a linear working point by adjusting the bias voltage of the electro-optical modulator, and the received mixed optical signal is converted into an electric signal by envelope detection.
6. A system for compressed sensing of photons based on chirped fiber gratings, comprising:
a broad spectrum laser source;
chirped fiber grating; the system comprises a wide-spectrum laser source, a frequency-time mapping unit and a frequency-time mapping unit, wherein the wide-spectrum laser source is used for emitting optical signals;
a sampler: the system is used for acquiring the refractive index of the chirped fiber grating to light with different central wavelengths and taking the refractive index as a random sequence introduced by the chirped fiber grating;
an electro-optical modulator: the optical signal after frequency mixing is obtained through frequency mixing of the sparse signal and the random sequence in an optical domain;
a photoelectric detector: for converting the received mixed optical signal into an electrical signal by envelope detection;
a low-pass filter: the device is used for integrating and accumulating the obtained electric signals to obtain sampling signals;
a signal reconstruction module: and the recovery algorithm is used for recovering the original signal from the sampling signal through a recovery algorithm to obtain a recovered signal.
7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the system comprises:
the device also comprises an optical circulator; a signal inlet port of the optical circulator is connected to a wide-spectrum laser source, a first output port of the optical circulator is connected to a chirped fiber grating access optical circulator, and a second output port of the optical circulator is connected to a sampler through a photoelectric detector;
the chirped fiber grating can conveniently receive the optical signal emitted by the wide-spectrum laser source and perform spectral coding;
and the sampler can receive the refractive index of the chirped fiber grating to light with different central wavelengths conveniently.
8. The system according to claim 6, wherein the system comprises:
the photoelectric detector is an Avalanche Photo Diode (APD) detector or a silicon photomultiplier detector.
9. The system according to claim 6, wherein the system comprises:
the chirped fiber grating is of a linear chirped fiber grating structure, and is randomly set to pass or block optical signals with different wavelengths.
10. The system according to claim 6, wherein the system comprises:
the electro-optic modulator is an intensity type Mach-Zehnder modulator.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114660790A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-06-24 | 中山大学 | Optical pulse time stretching device and method and spectral measurement system |
| CN116418366A (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-07-11 | 山西大学 | Broadband frequency hopping tracking system and method based on quantum compressed sensing |
| CN116418366B (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2024-02-13 | 山西大学 | Broadband frequency hopping tracking system and method based on quantum compressed sensing |
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