CN114267959A - Polarization control coherent perfect absorber based on multilayer metamaterial - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a polarization control coherent perfect absorber based on a multilayer metamaterial, which comprises two layers of metal asymmetric open split rings and a dielectric layer between the two layers of metal asymmetric open split rings. The two layers of metal asymmetric opening split rings of the periodic structure are composed of an inverted V-shaped metal wire and a U-shaped metal wire, and the two layers of metal asymmetric opening split rings are identical in structure and symmetrically arranged along the dielectric layer. The signal light and the control light having the same polarization angle, amplitude, and frequency travel toward each other in a direction perpendicular to the metamaterial layer. The method is simple to operate, and can control the absorption of the light with specific frequency by adjusting the polarization directions of the control light and the signal light, the phase of the control light, the structure of the metamaterial, the size parameter and the material property. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, high efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a polarization control coherent perfect absorber based on a multilayer metamaterial, and belongs to the field of metamaterials and wave absorbers.
Background
With the continuous development of modern science and technology, the wave-absorbing technology plays an important role in many applications, such as optical detectors, electromagnetic cloaking, bolometric and optical switches. Since the perfect absorption properties of metamaterials have advantages that are not comparable to those of conventional electromagnetic materials, researchers have been devoting a great deal of effort to metamaterials perfect absorbers.
The metamaterial is an artificial composite material with a periodic unit structure with supernormal electromagnetic characteristics, and the electromagnetic function of a far-superior natural material is achieved by artificially allocating geometric parameters of the unit structure. The electromagnetic response of the metamaterial is not only determined by the material of the metamaterial, but also related to the microstructure and arrangement mode of the resonant units. N.i. landy et al, 2008, proposed a metamaterial perfect absorber whose structure consists of two metamaterial resonators, which are coupled to an electric field and a magnetic field, respectively, to absorb all incident radiation within a single unit layer. Unlike conventional absorbers, the metamaterial consists of only metallic elements and has a peak absorption rate of greater than 88% at 11.5 GHz. Thereafter, researchers designed perfect absorbers of various structures, and studied the frequency bands extending from the microwave band to the THz band, the near infrared band, and the visible light band. At present, more and more researchers focus on multi-band or broadband metamaterial absorbers. In 2010, Tao et al, showed a dual-band metamaterial absorber consisting of a dual-band electric field coupled resonator and a metallic ground plane separated by a dielectric spacer, where the fine tuning of the two absorption resonances was achieved by individually adjusting the geometry of each ELC resonator, and experiments showed that there were 0.85 in the 1.4 thz band and 0.94 in the 3.0 thz band for two different absorption peaks. Ying et al reported a three-band ideal metamaterial wave-absorbing material based on a copper-dielectric-copper three-layer nanostructure. The top metal film structure consists of one ring and four pairs of capacitor plates, which have a frequency selective effect, allowing the absorber to resonate in the near infrared range. Theoretical studies showed that the absorption of the three absorption peaks (872.54 nm, 1008.69 nm, and 1138.62 nm) was 87.1%, 99.9%, and 99.6%, respectively. The average absorption was 95.53%, including two perfect absorption peaks. Chowdhary et al, reported an ultra-wideband perfect metamaterial absorber comprising a two-dimensional array of semi-ellipsoidal metal-dielectric multilayer structures. It is theorized that at normal incidence, in the 300 to 4500 nanometer spectral range, we believe that an unprecedented average absorbance of about 99% uses 20 pairs of molybdenum-germanium metal dielectric layers with tungsten as the ground metal placed on the silicon substrate. Nie, etc., researches the multi-band coherent complete absorption of the simple double-layer asymmetric split ring metamaterial, and when the phase difference between a signal wave and a control wave is 0 degree, the absorption rate reaches 98% at 5.37 GHz; when the phase difference of the two waves is 180 degrees, the absorptivity at 4.95GHz and 5.84GHz is 97.53% and 90.50%, respectively.
The working frequency band of the perfect absorber based on the metamaterial is fixed, and the working frequency band cannot be dynamically adjusted. The polarization control coherent perfect absorber based on the multilayer metamaterial is a mode hybridization caused by a coupling effect in the multilayer metamaterial, so that multiple electric resonance and magnetic resonance are generated, and the working waveband and the absorption intensity are dynamically regulated and controlled by adjusting the polarization and the phase of incident light. In contrast to previous work, we designed absorbers that varied the operating frequency of the absorber by adjusting the polarization. Compared with the traditional wave absorber, the polarization control coherent perfect absorber has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, high efficiency, dynamic adjustment of absorption rate and working frequency and great potential application value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a polarization control coherent perfect absorber based on a multilayer metamaterial by utilizing the resonance characteristics of the metamaterial and the coupling effect of the multilayer metamaterial. The metamaterial absorber can realize selective absorption of light with different polarizations at different frequencies in an optical waveband. The polarization control coherent perfect absorber based on the multilayer metamaterial is composed of a unit structure of the multilayer metamaterial, has the characteristics of simple structure, convenience in operation and high efficiency, can dynamically adjust the absorption rate and the working frequency, and has great potential application value.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the polarization control coherent perfect absorber based on the multilayer metamaterial comprises two layers of metamaterials and a medium layer between two layers of ring metamaterials, the two layers of metamaterials are identical in structure and are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the medium layer, each metamaterial is an asymmetric open split ring structure in a periodic array, each asymmetric open split ring structure comprises an inverted V-shaped metal wire and a U-shaped metal wire, and signal light and control light with the same polarization angle, amplitude and frequency are transmitted in opposite directions along the direction perpendicular to the metamaterial layers.
The invention also includes such structural features:
the asymmetric split ring structure is made of gold, and the dielectric constant is derived from a Derad model.
The thickness of the asymmetric split ring structure is in nanometer level.
The dielectric layer is made of silicon dioxide material or glass, and the thickness of the dielectric layer is hundreds of nanometers.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has simple structure and convenient manufacture, and can be processed by utilizing mature Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling technology. The traditional wave-absorbing material needs complex working procedures and is expensive.
The structure can realize the selective perfect absorption of light with specific frequency in an optical band, and control the light absorption rate under the specific frequency by adjusting the polarization states of signal light and control light, and has wide development and application prospects in the fields of photoelectric detectors, heat emitters, photovoltaics, optical communication and the like.
The method is simple to operate, and can control the absorption of the light with specific frequency by adjusting the polarization directions of the control light and the signal light, the phase of the control light, the structure of the metamaterial, the size parameter and the material property.
The invention has the advantages of portability, light weight, easy integration and the like, and compared with the traditional wave-absorbing material, the invention has small thickness, light weight and easy conformity.
Compared with the patent of a polarization-controllable multi-band metamaterial coherent absorption device of Steiner of Harbin engineering university, the working frequency band of the device is in an optical band, and the structures of asymmetric open split rings are different.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic building blocks of a polarization-controlled coherent perfect absorber based on multilayer metamaterials.
FIG. 2 is a view of the basic structural unit of a polarization-controlled coherent perfect absorber based on multilayer metamaterials.
Fig. 3 and 4 are working principle diagrams of polarization control coherent perfect absorbers based on multilayer metamaterials.
Fig. 5 is a simulation result of X polarization (solid line) and Y polarization (dotted line) when the polarization control coherent perfect absorber based on multilayer metamaterial operates and the phase difference between the control light and the signal light is 0 degree.
FIG. 6 shows the simulation results of X-polarization (solid line) and Y-polarization (dotted line) when the polarization control coherent perfect absorber based on multilayer metamaterial works and the phase difference between the control light and the signal light is 180 degrees.
In the figure: 1. dielectric layer, 2 metal wire, 3 metal wire, 4 signal light, 5 control light, 6 signal light, 7 control light
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples. The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
With reference to fig. 1 to 6, the present invention employs multiple layers of asymmetric split ring metamaterials, and realizes polarization-controlled coherent absorption of light in multiple frequency bands of an optical band. The polarization control coherent perfect absorber based on the multilayer metamaterial is composed of two layers of metal asymmetric opening split rings and a medium layer between the two layers of metal asymmetric opening split rings, the two layers of metal asymmetric opening split rings are composed of an inverted V-shaped metal wire and a U-shaped metal wire, and the two layers of metal asymmetric opening split rings are identical in structure and symmetrically arranged along the medium layer. The signal light and the control light having the same polarization angle, amplitude, and frequency travel toward each other in a direction perpendicular to the metamaterial layer. The polarization control coherent absorption is realized by changing the polarization angle and the phase difference of the signal light and the control light.
The thickness of the asymmetric split ring structure is in nanometer level, and the material adopted by the unit structure is a noble metal material; the unit structure is made of gold.
The dielectric layer is made of silicon dioxide materials or glass and has the thickness of hundreds of nanometers.
The coherent perfect absorption realizes the adjustment of the absorption intensity of specific frequency by adjusting and controlling the phase of light, and the phase of a light source is controlled to be 0-2 pi.
The metamaterial absorber is sensitive to the polarization direction of incident waves, and switching of working frequency and changing of absorption efficiency can be achieved through switching of the polarization direction.
The working waveband of the polarization control coherent perfect absorber of the multilayer metamaterial is in an optical waveband.
The polarization control coherent perfect absorption is realized by the interaction of signal light and control light in the metamaterial and the adjustment of the polarization angle of the two beams of light, the two beams of light are oppositely transmitted along the direction vertical to the metamaterial, the phase difference between the control light source and the signal light source is changed by adjusting the phase of the control light source, the interaction between the metamaterial and the light in a specific waveband can be inhibited or enhanced, and the polarization control coherent perfect absorption of multiple frequency bands is realized. Examples show that: when the phase difference is 0 degrees, the working frequency of coherent absorption is switched from 357THz to 326THz when the polarization state is switched from X to Y. When the phase difference is 180 degrees, the working frequency of coherent absorption is switched from 158 and 487THz to 254 and 405THz when the polarization state is switched from X to Y.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the polarization control coherent perfect absorber based on the multilayer metamaterial is composed of a multilayer metamaterial structure. A beam of signal light and a beam of control light vertically irradiate the metamaterial in opposite directions at a certain wavelength from two sides of the metamaterial, the two beams of light have the same polarization angle, amplitude and frequency, the polarization angle and the phase difference of the signal light and the control light are adjusted, and the size and the structure of the metamaterial are modulated according to needs, so that the coherent perfect absorption of polarization control is realized.
The polarization control coherent perfect absorber of the multilayer metamaterial comprises two layers of metamaterials and a dielectric layer, wherein the dielectric layer is located between the two layers of metamaterials, the metamaterials are of asymmetric split ring structures, and each asymmetric split ring is composed of an inverted V-shaped metal wire and a U-shaped metal wire. Each layer of metamaterial is composed of periodically arranged metamaterial unit structures, the unit structures of the two layers of metamaterials are completely the same, structural asymmetry exists in the unit structures, and polarization and orthogonal polarization transmission do not occur in the structures. Each layer of open ring structure unit consists of an inverted V-shaped metal wire and a U-shaped metal wire, and the open ring periodic structures are etched on two sides of the substrate and are periodically extended along the X direction and the Y direction. The metal wire of the metamaterial is made of gold, and the dielectric constant is derived from a Delaud model. The medium material of the metamaterial is generally silicon dioxide, glass and the like, and the thickness is hundreds of nanometers.
And measuring the signal light passing through the metamaterial in the propagation direction of the signal light to obtain the absorptivity of the metamaterial. In the absence of metamaterials, the counter-propagating signal and control light form standing waves. One signal light source provides signal light with a certain wavelength and vertically propagates to the metamaterial, and the other control light source provides control light, wherein the control light and the signal light are mutually coherent light, and the amplitude, the polarization state and the wavelength of the control light are the same as those of the signal light. If the electromagnetic metamaterial is placed at the node or antinode position of the standing wave, the phase difference between the signal light and the control light is 0 degree and 180 degrees. Then, the polarization states of the signal light and the control light are orthogonally switched, so that the absorption of the signal light under different frequencies can be realized, and the effect of perfect multi-band absorption can be achieved.
The invention has simple structure, convenient manufacture, light weight and easy integration, can realize coherent perfect absorption of light under specific frequency of an optical waveband, and has wide development and application prospects in the fields of photoelectric detectors, heat emitters, photovoltaics, optical communication and the like.
One specific embodiment of the present invention is given below:
the invention consists of two layers of asymmetric split rings 2 and 3 and a dielectric layer 1, wherein the two layers of asymmetric split rings are periodically arranged on two sides of the dielectric layer, the thickness of the dielectric layer is hundreds of nanometers, the material is silicon dioxide, and the dielectric layer is silicon dioxideElectric constant of epsilonsilica2.1316, the size of each unit is L nanometers. As shown in FIG. 2, the structure shown in FIG. 1 is that asymmetric split rings on both sides of a dielectric layer are mutually symmetric and extend periodically along the X and Y directions to form a periodic asymmetric split ring array, the array on each side is composed of an inverted V-shaped metal wire and a U-shaped metal wire 2 and 3, the metal wire is made of gold, the dielectric constant of the metal wire is derived from a Delaud model, and the width of two arms of the U-shaped ring is d1The height is D, the whole width is l, and the parallel width of the bevel edges of the two arms of the V-shaped ring is D1With an internal V-shaped height of d2And the double-layer asymmetric opening split ring is periodically etched on two sides of the dielectric layer.
For further explanation with reference to fig. 3, a polarization control coherent perfect absorber of a multilayer metamaterial is firstly established in XYZ coordinate axes to form a working platform, the Z axis is perpendicular to the surface of the metamaterial, and one signal light beam and one control light beam of two light beams are emitted by a signal light source and a control light source. The signal light and the control light are coherent light, the amplitudes and the frequencies of the signal light and the control light are the same, the polarization directions are both in the X direction, the frequency range is set to be 100-500THz, the signal light and the control light oppositely propagate along the Z axis, pass through the metamaterial and interact with the double-layer asymmetric open split ring, the transmittance and the reflectance are zero at the moment, and therefore the designed absorber can achieve the effect of perfect absorption according to the absorption rate which is 1-reflectance-transmittance.
The two beams of coherent light with the same amplitude and propagating in opposite directions interfere to form a standing wave, the metamaterial is placed at different positions in the standing wave to control the phase difference between the coherent waves incident on the two sides of the metamaterial, so that the interaction between the waves and the metamaterial is influenced, a node and an antinode are usually defined in an electric field, the node corresponds to the position when the phase difference between the two incident lights is pi, and the antinode corresponds to the position when the phase difference between the two incident lights is 0. When the metamaterial is placed at the node, the magnetic field components of the two beams of light are in the same direction, and the electric field components are in the opposite direction; when the metamaterial is placed at the antinode, the magnetic field components of the two beams of light are opposite, and the electric field components are in the same direction. The simulation result showed that when the phase difference was 0 degrees, the absorptance of X-polarized light was 92.3% at 357THz as shown by a solid line in fig. 5, and the absorptance of Y-polarized light was 94.4% at 326THz as shown by a dotted line in fig. 5; when the phase difference is 180 degrees, absorptance of X-polarized light is 99.1% and 98.3% at 158THz and 487THz, respectively, as shown by a solid line in fig. 6, and absorptance of Y-polarized light is 93.4% and 98.5% at 254THz and 405THz, respectively, as shown by a dotted line in fig. 6. According to the above, the working frequency of the absorber can be adjusted by changing the polarization state of the incident light and the phase difference of the two incident lights, so that selective absorption is realized, and 5 of the absorption peaks have an absorption rate of more than 90%, and 3 of the absorption peaks have an absorption rate of more than 95%, so that a near-perfect absorption effect is achieved, and thus, perfect absorption of polarization control coherence of the multilayer metamaterial is realized.
To sum up, a polarization control coherent perfect absorber based on multilayer metamaterial belongs to the field of metamaterials and wave absorbers. The invention discloses a polarization control coherent perfect absorber based on a multilayer metamaterial, which is characterized by comprising two layers of metal asymmetric opening split rings and a medium layer between the two layers of asymmetric opening split rings, wherein the two layers of metal asymmetric opening split rings comprise an inverted V-shaped metal wire and a U-shaped metal wire, and the two layers of metal asymmetric opening split rings have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged along the medium layer. The signal light and the control light having the same polarization angle, amplitude, and frequency travel toward each other in a direction perpendicular to the metamaterial layer. The thickness of the asymmetric split ring structure is in nanometer level, and the material adopted by the unit structure is a noble metal material; the unit structure is made of gold. The dielectric layer is made of silicon dioxide materials or glass and has the thickness of hundreds of nanometers. The coherent perfect absorption realizes the adjustment of the absorption intensity of specific frequency by adjusting and controlling the phase of light, and the phase of a light source is controlled to be 0-2 pi. The working waveband of the polarization control coherent perfect absorber of the multilayer metamaterial is in an optical waveband.
The polarization control coherent perfect absorber based on the multilayer metamaterial has the characteristics of simple structure, convenience in operation and high efficiency, can dynamically adjust the absorption rate and the working frequency, and has wide development and application prospects in the fields of photoelectric detectors, heat emitters, photovoltaics, optical communication and the like.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a coherent perfect absorber of polarization control based on multilayer metamaterial, comprises two-layer metal asymmetric open crack ring and the dielectric layer between two-layer asymmetric open crack ring, its characterized in that: the two layers of metal asymmetric opening split rings are composed of an inverted V-shaped metal wire and a U-shaped metal wire, and are identical in structure and symmetrically arranged along the dielectric layer. The signal light and the control light having the same polarization angle, amplitude, and frequency travel toward each other in a direction perpendicular to the metamaterial layer.
2. The polarization control coherent perfect absorber based on multilayer metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the asymmetric split ring structure is in nanometer level, and the material adopted by the unit structure is a noble metal material; the unit structure is made of gold.
3. The polarization control coherent perfect absorber based on multilayer metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein: the dielectric layer is made of silicon dioxide materials or glass and has the thickness of hundreds of nanometers.
4. The polarization control coherent perfect absorber based on multilayer metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein: the coherent perfect absorption realizes the adjustment of the absorption intensity of specific frequency by adjusting the polarization state phase of the control light, the polarization state of the control light source is X polarization and Y polarization, and the phase of the control light source is 0-2 pi.
5. The polarization control coherent perfect absorber based on multilayer metamaterial according to claim 4, wherein: the working waveband of the polarization control coherent perfect absorber of the multilayer metamaterial is in an optical waveband.
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| CN116073097A (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2023-05-05 | 福州大学 | Terahertz broadband filter based on double-layer metamaterial and preparation method thereof |
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