CN114264544B - Flexible device for static load and fatigue test of brake beam - Google Patents
Flexible device for static load and fatigue test of brake beam Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a flexible device for static load and fatigue test of a brake beam, which comprises a portal frame, a base assembly, a rotating arm assembly, a loading cross beam assembly, a tensile load loading device, a wheel tread simulating device, a chute simulating assembly and a force measuring device; a first actuator, a second actuator and a third actuator are sequentially arranged on a beam of the portal frame; the first actuator and the third actuator provide tangential force generated on a brake shoe during a brake beam test; the second actuator provides a tensile load for the brake beam test; the first actuator is connected with the first loading cross beam; the second actuator is connected with the tensile load loading device, and the third actuator is connected with the second loading beam; both ends of the first loading beam component and the second loading beam component are connected with one end of a rotating arm component arranged on the base component, and the other end of the rotating arm component is connected with a wheel tread simulating device; the tensile load loading device is used for being connected with the brake beam, and two ends of the brake beam are supported on the tread of the simulated wheel during the test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, in particular to a flexible device and a method for static load and fatigue test of a brake beam, which are particularly suitable for static load and fatigue test of various brake beams of railway trucks with different gauges and different wheel diameters.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The brake beam is the most important part of the basic brake device of the railway vehicle, and mainly transmits braking force to the brake shoe through the brake beam when the vehicle brakes, so that the vehicle stops advancing. At present, a static load and fatigue test bed of a domestic brake beam has four modes, one mode is a transverse installation mode of the brake beam, the arrangement direction of the brake beam on the test bed is consistent with that of the brake beam in actual application, and the mode can only perform a fatigue test of one brake beam at a time, so that the test efficiency is low; the second mode is also a mode of transversely placing brake beams, wherein two brake beams can be tested at the same time, a transverse actuator is used for applying pressure load, a vertical actuator is used for applying tangential load, but the test bed occupies large space, the test bed needs to apply load in the transverse direction and the vertical direction respectively, the test bed has a complex structure, and the test bed cannot be suitable for brake beams of different types; the third is in a portal frame form, the brake beams in the mode are vertically placed, two brake beams can be tested at the same time, pressure load and tangential load are downwards applied through a vertical actuator, the rigidity of the whole structure of the test bed is smaller, larger deformation can occur in the fatigue test loading process, and the actuator needs to be fixed in multiple directions in the test process so as to keep the vertical state; the fourth type is that the portal frame form with inclined struts is disclosed in application number CN201610330514.2, and the portal frame form with inclined struts is composed of a base, four upright posts and four inclined struts, so that the vertical rigidity and the transverse rigidity of the test bed are improved, two brake beams can be tested simultaneously, the loading mode is similar to that of the portal frame, but the test bed is complex in structure, high in cost and incapable of adapting to brake beams with different gauges.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the flexible device and the method for the static load and fatigue test of the brake beam, which have the advantages of compact structure, low cost, high efficiency and accurate loading, and can carry out the static load and fatigue test on the brake beam under different gauges and different wheel diameters according to the requirements.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a flexible device for static load and fatigue test of a brake beam comprises a portal frame, a base assembly, a rotating arm assembly, a loading cross beam assembly, a tensile load loading device and a wheel tread simulating device;
the beam of the portal frame is sequentially provided with a first actuator, a second actuator and a third actuator; the first actuator and the third actuator provide tangential force generated on a brake shoe during a brake beam test; the second actuator provides a tensile load for the brake beam test; the first actuator is connected with the first loading cross beam; the second actuator is connected with the tensile load loading device, and the third actuator is connected with the second loading beam; both ends of the first loading cross beam component and the second loading cross beam component are connected with one end of a rotating arm component arranged on the base component, and the other end of the rotating arm component is connected with a wheel tread simulating device; the tensile load loading device is used for being connected with the brake beam, and brake shoes at two ends of the brake beam are supported on the tread of the simulated wheel during the test.
As a further technical scheme, the second actuator is connected with the second actuator through an actuator connecting plate, and other actuator mounting positions are simultaneously provided on the second actuator connecting plate; the second actuator connection plate is connected with the movable suspension device and is used for providing a test that once one brake beam is broken during the test, the second actuator connection plate can be moved to a proper position to independently and continuously test the other brake beam.
As a further technical scheme, the base composition comprises 2 bases, and the 2 bases are designed to be separately installed for adapting to the difference in the lengths of the brake beams under different gauges and are respectively connected with the cast iron platform with the T-shaped groove through foundation bolts.
As a further technical scheme, the rocking arm constitute and include rocking arm, aligning roller bearing, backstop and crossbeam clamp plate, rocking arm and bearing interference fit pressure equipment, the intermediate position of rocking arm passes through the bearing to be installed on the support constitution post of base, the arc surface department of rocking arm one end installs the tread device of simulation wheel, the tread device of simulation wheel can be according to the tread pattern under the different footpaths of experimental needs assembly, the crossbeam clamp plate passes through the bolt and is connected with the rocking arm for fixed loading crossbeam is constituteed.
As a further technical scheme, the rotating arm assembly further comprises a stop, the stop is arranged on the side face of the rotating arm, and the relative sliding between the brake shoe and the tread of the simulated wheel is prevented through an adjusting bolt.
As a further technical scheme, the tensile load loading device comprises a hanging ring, a hanging rod, a connecting pin and a loading plate. The lifting ring is connected with the brake beam through one end of a connecting pin, the other end of the lifting ring is connected with the lifting rod, the lifting rod is connected with the loading plate, and the loading plate is connected with the second actuator to provide the tensile load of the brake beam.
As a further technical scheme, the brake shoe head is characterized by further comprising a simulation sliding groove component, wherein the simulation sliding groove component comprises a bottom plate, a vertical plate, a rib plate and a fastening screw, an oblate hole is formed in the bottom plate and matched with the oblate hole of the vertical plate of the base, the angle of the simulation sliding groove component is adjusted to be suitable for the deflection angle of the brake shoe head, the brake shoe head is made to lean against the vertical plate through adjusting the fastening screw, and the component of lateral force generated during a test is borne.
As a further technical scheme, the brake shoe further comprises a force measuring device which is used for detecting whether the tangential force generated on the brake shoe is consistent.
As a further technical scheme, the force measuring device comprises a force measuring seat plate, a movable rod, a pulling and pressing type load sensor, a double-end stud and a bolt group. The upper part of the force measuring seat plate is provided with a flat round hole, the flat round hole is connected with a movable rod through a bolt, and the movable rod adjusts the azimuth of the load pulling and pressing type load sensor, so that the position and the stress direction of the axis of the load sensor are consistent with the tangential force born by the brake shoe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compact structure, occupation platform area is little, is convenient for install and dismantle. Cast iron platform equipment is fully utilized, the cast iron platform equipment can be detachably stored in a test without a brake beam, the space of the cast iron platform is not occupied, the vertical height of the small portal frame can be adjusted, and the small portal frame can be used for testing other small pieces such as springs;
2. according to the invention, two brake beams can be tested simultaneously, so that the working efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the test of a single brake beam is supported by arranging the movable suspension device, so that the applicability is strong.
3. According to the invention, the tensile load of the brake beam is loaded in a vertical stretching mode of the actuator, so that the actuator can be naturally centered, and the stress state is good. The hoisting ring structure can ensure that the tensile loads born by the two brake beams are consistent;
4. the tangential force borne by the brake shoe is converted into a vertical mode which is easy to load by the rotating arm structure, and the abrasion is reduced by installing the aligning roller bearing, so that the conversion efficiency is improved;
5. the test method is suitable for testing the brake beams under different gauges by adjusting the positions of the two bases;
6. the brake beam brake shoe can be used for selecting a proper wheel tread simulating device according to the shape of a brake shoe of a tested brake beam and is arranged on a rotating arm, the rotating arm is designed into a fan shape so as to be suitable for different types of brake beams, and the brake beam brake shoe can adapt to deflection angles of 0-14 degrees of brake heads and further can be suitable for tests of the brake beams with different upright column forms and different deflection angles of the brake heads.
8. When the tensile load is smaller, the second actuator can be replaced by an actuator with smaller load, so that energy conservation and consumption reduction are realized;
9. the tangential force measuring device can accurately determine the output load value of the actuator, so that the tangential force loading of the brake shoe is accurate.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a brake beam static load and fatigue test flexible device;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an isometric view of a brake beam static load and fatigue test compliant device;
FIG. 6 is an isometric view of a replacement 250kN actuator;
FIG. 7 is an isometric view of a single brake beam test;
wherein: 1. portal frame, 2.500kN actuator, 3.100kN actuator, 4 loading plate, 5 loading beam, 6 rotary arm, 61 beam pressing plate, 62 aligning roller bearing, 63 rotary arm, 64 stop, 7 base, 8 force measuring device, 9 tensile load loading device, 91 loading plate, 92 suspender, 93 lifting ring, 10 simulated wheel tread device, 11 simulated chute, 12 brake beam.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
Embodiments and features of embodiments in this application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1:
the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the structure diagram of the flexible device for the static load and fatigue test of the brake beam in the invention comprises a portal frame 1, two base components 7, four rotating arms 6, four simulated wheel tread devices 10, two loading cross beams 5, a set of tensile load loading devices 9, four simulated sliding grooves 11 and two sets of force measuring devices 8.
The portal frame comprises 2 upright posts, 2 supporting corner pieces and a cross beam. The cross beam is connected with the upright post and the supporting corner piece through bolts, the supporting corner piece is connected with the upright post through bolts, and the upright post is connected with the cast iron platform with the T-shaped groove through foundation bolts; therefore, the portal frame 1 in the embodiment is subjected to reinforcement design, the sectional areas of the upright posts and the cross beams are increased, the supporting corner fittings are increased, and the requirements of static load and fatigue test of two brake beams can be completely met through finite element analysis and calculation. According to the positioning holes on the cross beam, two 100kN actuators 3 are installed to provide tangential force generated on a brake shoe during a brake beam test, and one 500kN actuator 2 is installed to provide tensile load for the brake beam test; the 500kN actuator 2 is positioned between the two 100kN actuators 3; the loading end of the 500kN actuator 2 is provided with a loading plate 4, and the loading end of the 100kN actuator 3 is provided with a loading beam assembly 5, and the total of two loading beam assemblies 5.
Two base components 7 are arranged below the cross beam of the portal frame 1; the two base components 7 are oppositely arranged along the direction perpendicular to the portal frame cross beam and the upright post; two rotating arm assemblies 6 are arranged on each base assembly 7 and are connected with each other in a rotating way through bearings; thus, a total of four rotating arms form 6; two ends of the loading beam assembly 5 are respectively connected to the two rotating arm assemblies 6; the boom assembly 6 is connected to a simulated wheel tread apparatus 10. The two sets of force measuring devices 8 measure the tangential force generated on the brake shoe by using a pulling and pressing type load sensor.
Further, in this embodiment, the base assembly includes 2 bases, and in order to accommodate the difference in length of the brake beam under different gauges, the 2 bases are designed to be separately installed and are connected with the cast iron platform with the T-shaped groove through anchor bolts. The base comprises bottom plate, riser, gusset and support column, mills 6 flat round holes on the riser for install the simulation spout.
As shown in fig. 4, the rotating arm assembly 6 comprises a beam pressing plate 61, a self-aligning roller bearing 62, a rotating arm 63 and a stop 64; the middle part of the rotating arm 63 is connected with the base component 7 through the aligning roller bearing 62, the rotating arm is in interference fit press fit with the bearing, and the rotating arm is mounted on a support column of the base through the bearing; one end of the rotating arm 63 is connected with the loading beam assembly 5 through the beam pressing plate 61, and the arc surface of the other end of the rotating arm is connected with the wheel tread simulating device 10. The tread device for simulating the wheel tread can be assembled with tread patterns under different wheel diameters according to test requirements. The stop is mounted on the side of the swivel arm 63 and prevents relative slip between the brake shoe and the simulated wheel tread by adjusting the bolts. The beam pressing plate 61 is connected with the rotating arm 63 through bolts and is used for fixing the loading beam. The brake beam 12 is supported on the simulated wheel tread at both ends.
Further, the loading beam assembly 5 comprises a loading plate, supporting beams, rib plates and a partition plate. The loading beam assembly 5 is connected with a 100kN actuator, and provides tangential force load generated by braking for 2 brake shoes. The loading cross beam can meet the loading of the tangential force of the brake shoe of the brake beam under the track gauge of 1000 mm-1700 mm in the length direction.
Depending on the shape of the brake shoe of the brake beam being tested, an appropriate simulated wheel tread apparatus 10 is selected for mounting to the swivel arm 63. The swivel arm 63 is to be adapted to different types of brake beams, for example: L-B brake beam (wheel diameter 840mm, brake head centerline angle 12 degrees); L-B1 type brake beam (wheel diameter 915mm, brake head deflection angle 14 degrees); 1676mm gauge bogie brake beam (wheel diameter 950mm, brake head deflection angle 0 degree) etc.; designed into a sector shape, and can adapt to the deflection angle of 0-14 degrees of the brake head.
As shown in fig. 5, the boom assembly 6 (together with the simulated wheel tread apparatus 10) is respectively mounted on the base assemblies 7, and the test of brake beams of different specifications such as a meter gauge, a standard gauge, a wide gauge, etc. can be adapted by adjusting the distance between the 2 base assemblies 7.
The loading beam assembly 5 is mounted on a 100kN actuator and adjusted to a proper height, and the loading beam assembly 5 is fixed on the rotating arm assembly 6 through a beam pressing plate 61. The height is adjusted to make the upper plane of the rotating arm assembly 6 horizontal.
As shown in fig. 5, two force measuring devices 8 are installed, the tangential force generated on the brake shoes is measured by using a pulling and pressing type load sensor, if the load on two sides is inconsistent, the adjusting screw at the 5 position formed by the loading cross beam on the adjusting rotating arm 63 is adjusted, so that the tangential force generated on the two brake shoes is consistent, and the adjusting screw is locked. The force measuring device 8 was removed during the test.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the tensile load loading device 9 includes a loading plate 91, a boom 92, and a suspension ring 93; the hanging ring 93 is connected with the brake beam through one end of a connecting pin, the other end of the hanging ring 93 is connected with the hanging rod 92, the hanging rod 92 is connected with the loading plate 91, and the loading plate 91 is connected with the 500kN actuator through bolts to provide the tensile load of the brake beam. The loading plate 91 to 500kN actuator in the tensile load loading device 9 is installed, the hanging ring 93 is installed on the brake beam 12, the brake beam 12 is placed under the rotating arm 63, the brake beam 12 is vertically placed (vertical to the beam and the upright post of the portal frame and parallel to the loading beam assembly 5), the brake shoes of the brake beam 12 are attached to the simulated wheel tread device 10, the hanging rod 92 is installed (one end of the hanging rod 92 is connected with the hanging ring 93 and the other end is connected with the loading plate 91), and the hanging rod is adjusted to a proper position to enable the brake beam support column to be vertical, and the brake shoes are tightly attached to the simulated wheel tread device 10 to fasten hanging rod bolts. The adjustment arm constitutes an adjustment screw for the upper stop plate 64 of the 6, close to the shoe.
Further, in this embodiment, the loading plate 91 may be connected to two brake beams, which are parallel to each other, so that the other brake beam is mounted on the loading plate 91 in the same manner, and the two brake beams are symmetrical about the 500kN actuator.
Further, two simulated sliding chute assemblies 11 are arranged on two sides of the brake head, and are used for fastening adjusting screws, so that longitudinal and transverse displacement of the brake head is restrained, and each simulated sliding chute assembly 11 comprises a bottom plate, a vertical plate, a rib plate and fastening screws. The bottom plate is provided with an oblate hole which is matched with the oblate hole of the base vertical plate and used for adjusting the angle to be suitable for the deflection angle of the brake head. The brake head is brought to bear against the riser by adjusting the tightening screw, bearing the component of the lateral force generated during the test.
Further, the force measuring device 8 comprises a force measuring seat plate, a movable rod, a 50kN pulling and pressing type load sensor, a double-end stud and an M36 bolt group. The upper part of the force measuring seat plate is provided with a flat round hole, and the flat round hole is matched with the M36 bolt group and the movable rod to adjust the position of the load sensor, so that the position and the stress direction of the axis of the load sensor are consistent with the tangential force born by the brake shoe.
As an extension of the functions, as shown in fig. 6, threaded holes connected with 250kN actuators are formed in a loading plate 91 connected with 500kN actuators and a suspension plate in the portal frame 1, and when the total tensile load of the brake beam is less than 175kN, the 250kN actuators can be used for replacing the 500kN actuators, so that the load loading precision is improved, energy is saved, and consumption is reduced.
As an extension of the function, as shown in fig. 7, when a failure occurs in one brake beam test, an actuator of 500kN or 250kN can be moved to a position right above the brake beam, and the boom 92 is mounted in a threaded hole in the center of the loading plate 91 and fastened, so that the test of a single brake beam can be continued.
Finally, it is pointed out that relational terms such as first and second are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The flexible device for the static load and fatigue test of the brake beam is characterized by comprising a portal frame, a base assembly, a rotating arm assembly, a loading cross beam assembly, a tensile load loading device and a wheel tread simulating device;
the loading beam assembly comprises a first loading beam assembly and a second loading beam assembly;
the beam of the portal frame is sequentially provided with a first actuator, a second actuator and a third actuator; the first actuator and the third actuator provide tangential force generated on a brake shoe during a brake beam test; the second actuator provides a tensile load for the brake beam test; the first actuator is connected with the first loading cross beam; the second actuator is connected with the tensile load loading device, and the third actuator is connected with the second loading beam;
two bases are arranged below the cross beam of the portal frame;
the two base components are oppositely arranged along the direction perpendicular to the portal frame cross beam and the upright post; each base component is provided with two rotating arm components which are connected in a rotating way through a bearing; thus, the total is composed of four rotating arms; two ends of the first loading beam component and two ends of the second loading beam component are respectively connected to the four rotating arm components;
the other end of the rotating arm is connected with a wheel tread simulating device; the tensile load loading device is connected with the brake beam, and brake shoes at two ends of the brake beam are supported on the wheel tread simulating device during a test;
in order to adapt to the difference in the lengths of the brake beams under different gauges, the two base components are designed to be separately installed and are respectively connected with a cast iron platform with a T-shaped groove through foundation bolts;
the rotating arm assembly comprises a rotating arm, a bearing and a beam pressing plate, wherein the middle position of the rotating arm is arranged on the base assembly through the bearing, a wheel tread simulating device is arranged at the arc surface of one end of the rotating arm, the other end of the rotating arm is connected with the beam pressing plate, and the beam pressing plate is used for fixing the loading beam assembly;
the rotating arm is designed into a fan shape for adapting to different types of brake beams, and can adapt to the deflection angle of 0-14 degrees of the brake head;
the rotating arm assembly and the wheel tread simulating device are respectively arranged on the base assemblies, and the distance between the two base assemblies is adjusted to adapt to the tests of the brake beams with different gauges.
2. A flexible device for static load and fatigue testing of brake beams as defined in claim 1, wherein said second actuator is connected to said portal frame by a second actuator connecting plate and further actuator mounting locations are provided on said second actuator connecting plate.
3. A flexible device for static load and fatigue testing of brake beams according to claim 2, wherein said second actuator connection plate is connected to a mobile suspension device.
4. A flexible device for static load and fatigue testing of brake beams as recited in claim 1, wherein the two base members are oppositely mounted on opposite sides of the gantry beam.
5. The flexible device for static load and fatigue test of brake beams according to claim 1, wherein the rotating arm assembly further comprises a stopper, the stopper is installed at the side of the rotating arm, and the relative sliding between the brake shoe and the wheel tread simulating device is prevented by adjusting the bolt.
6. The flexible device for static load and fatigue test of brake beams according to claim 1, wherein the tensile load loading device comprises a hanging ring, a hanging rod, a connecting pin and a loading plate, wherein one end of the hanging ring is connected with the brake beams through the connecting pin, the other end of the hanging ring is connected with the hanging rod, the hanging rod is connected with the loading plate, and the loading plate is connected with the second actuator to provide tensile load for the brake beams.
7. The flexible device for static load and fatigue test of brake beams according to claim 1, further comprising a simulated chute assembly;
the base assembly consists of a base bottom plate, a base vertical plate, a base rib plate and a base support column, wherein 6 flat round holes are milled on the base vertical plate and used for installing a simulated sliding chute assembly;
the simulated sliding chute comprises a bottom plate, a vertical plate, a rib plate and a fastening screw, wherein an oblate hole is formed in the bottom plate and matched with the oblate hole of the vertical plate of the base, and the angle is adjusted to adapt to the deflection angle of the brake head; the brake head is brought to bear against the riser by adjusting the tightening screw, bearing the component of the lateral force generated during the test.
8. A flexible device for static load and fatigue testing of brake beams as recited in claim 1, further comprising force measuring means for detecting the consistency of the tangential force generated on the brake shoes.
9. The flexible device for static load and fatigue test of brake beam according to claim 8, wherein the force measuring device comprises a force measuring seat plate, a movable rod and a pulling and pressing load sensor, wherein a flat round hole is formed in the upper portion of the force measuring seat plate, and the flat round hole is matched with the bolt and the movable rod to adjust the orientation of the pulling and pressing load sensor, so that the position and the stress direction of the axis of the pulling and pressing load sensor are consistent with the tangential force born by the brake shoe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111470207.1A CN114264544B (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Flexible device for static load and fatigue test of brake beam |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111470207.1A CN114264544B (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Flexible device for static load and fatigue test of brake beam |
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| CN114264544A CN114264544A (en) | 2022-04-01 |
| CN114264544B true CN114264544B (en) | 2024-02-13 |
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