CN114264544A - Flexible device for static load and fatigue test of brake beam - Google Patents
Flexible device for static load and fatigue test of brake beam Download PDFInfo
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- CN114264544A CN114264544A CN202111470207.1A CN202111470207A CN114264544A CN 114264544 A CN114264544 A CN 114264544A CN 202111470207 A CN202111470207 A CN 202111470207A CN 114264544 A CN114264544 A CN 114264544A
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- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a flexible device for static load and fatigue test of a brake beam, which comprises a portal frame, a base assembly, a rotating arm assembly, a loading beam assembly, a tensile load loading device, a simulated wheel tread device, a simulated chute assembly and a force measuring device, wherein the portal frame is provided with a portal frame; a first actuator, a second actuator and a third actuator are sequentially arranged on a cross beam of the portal frame; the first actuator and the third actuator provide tangential force generated on the brake shoe during the brake beam test; the second actuator provides tensile load of the brake beam test; the first actuator is connected with the first loading cross beam; the second actuator is connected with the tensile load loading device, and the third actuator is connected with the second loading cross beam; the two ends of the first loading beam assembly and the second loading beam assembly are connected with one end of a rotating arm assembly arranged on the base assembly, and the other end of the rotating arm assembly is connected with a device for simulating the wheel tread; the tensile load loading device is used for being connected with the brake beam, and two ends of the brake beam are supported on the simulated wheel tread during testing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, in particular to a flexible device and a method for static load and fatigue test of a brake beam, which are particularly suitable for static load and fatigue test of various types of brake beams of rail wagons under different track gauges and different wheel diameters.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
The brake beam is the most important part of the basic brake device of the railway vehicle, and mainly plays a role of transmitting braking force to a brake shoe through the brake beam when the vehicle is braked so as to stop the vehicle from moving forward. At present, the static load and fatigue test bed of domestic brake beams has four forms, one is a transverse installation mode of the brake beams, the placing direction of the brake beams on the test bed is consistent with that in actual application, the fatigue test of only one brake beam can be carried out in the mode, and the test efficiency is low; the second type is also a transverse placing mode of the brake beams, the mode can test two brake beams simultaneously, a transverse actuator is adopted to apply pressure load, a vertical actuator is adopted to apply tangential load, but the test bed occupies large space, the test bed needs to apply load in the transverse direction and the vertical direction respectively, the test bed has a complex structure and cannot adapt to the brake beams of different models; the third type is a portal frame type, the brake beams are vertically arranged in the method, two brake beams can be tested simultaneously, pressure load and tangential load are applied downwards through a vertical actuator, the rigidity of the whole structure of the test bed is small, large deformation can occur in the fatigue test loading process, and the actuator needs to be fixed in multiple directions in the test process to keep the vertical state of the actuator; the fourth portal frame type disclosed in application number CN201610330514.2 and provided with inclined struts comprises a base, four upright posts and four inclined struts, improves the vertical and transverse rigidity of the test bed, can test two brake beams simultaneously, has a loading mode similar to that of a portal frame type, but has a complex structure and high cost, and cannot adapt to brake beams with different track gauges.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the flexible device and the method for the static load and fatigue test of the brake beam, which have the advantages of compact structure, low cost, high efficiency and accurate loading, and can carry out the static load and fatigue test on the brake beam under different track gauges and different wheel diameters according to requirements.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a flexible device for static load and fatigue test of a brake beam comprises a portal frame, a base assembly, a rotating arm assembly, a loading beam assembly, a tensile load loading device and a wheel tread simulating device;
a first actuator, a second actuator and a third actuator are sequentially arranged on a cross beam of the portal frame; the first actuator and the third actuator provide tangential force generated on the brake shoe during the brake beam test; the second actuator provides tensile load of the brake beam test; the first actuator is connected with the first loading cross beam; the second actuator is connected with the tensile load loading device, and the third actuator is connected with the second loading cross beam; the two ends of the first loading beam assembly and the second loading beam assembly are connected with one end of a rotating arm assembly arranged on the base assembly, and the other end of the rotating arm assembly is connected with a device for simulating the wheel tread; the tensile load loading device is used for being connected with a brake beam, and brake shoes at two ends of the brake beam are supported on the simulated wheel tread during testing.
As a further technical scheme, the second actuator is connected with the second actuator through an actuator connecting plate, and other actuator mounting positions are simultaneously provided on the second actuator connecting plate; the second actuator attachment plate is connected to the mobile suspension device to provide the capability to move to the proper position for continued testing of one brake beam once the other brake beam has been damaged during testing.
As a further technical scheme, the base assembly comprises 2 bases, and in order to adapt to the difference of the lengths of the brake beams under different track gauges, the 2 bases are designed to be installed in a split mode and are respectively connected with a cast iron platform with a T-shaped groove through foundation bolts.
As a further technical scheme, the rotating arm assembly comprises a rotating arm, a self-aligning roller bearing, a stop and a beam pressing plate, the rotating arm and the bearing are in interference fit press mounting, the middle position of the rotating arm is mounted on a support assembly column of a base through the bearing, a simulated wheel tread device is mounted at the arc surface at one end of the rotating arm, tread patterns under different wheel diameters can be assembled on the simulated wheel tread device according to test requirements, and the beam pressing plate is connected with the rotating arm through bolts and used for fixing and loading the beam assembly.
As a further technical scheme, the rotating arm assembly further comprises a stop, the stop is installed on the side face of the rotating arm, and relative sliding between the brake shoe and the tread of the simulated wheel is prevented through adjusting the bolt.
As a further technical scheme, the tensile load loading device comprises a hanging ring, a hanging rod, a connecting pin and a loading plate. The lifting ring is connected with the brake beam through one end of the connecting pin, the other end of the connecting pin is connected with the suspension rod, the suspension rod is connected with the loading plate, and the loading plate is connected with the second actuator to provide tensile load for the brake beam.
As a further technical scheme, the brake head further comprises a simulation sliding chute assembly, the simulation sliding chute assembly comprises a bottom plate, a vertical plate, a rib plate and a fastening screw, a flat round hole is formed in the bottom plate and matched with the flat round hole of the vertical plate of the base, the angle is adjusted to be suitable for the deflection angle of the brake head, the brake head is enabled to lean against the vertical plate by adjusting the fastening screw, and the component of lateral force generated in the test process is borne.
As a further technical scheme, the brake shoe brake further comprises a force measuring device used for detecting whether the tangential force generated on the brake shoe is consistent or not.
As a further technical scheme, the force measuring device comprises a force measuring seat plate, a movable rod, a tension-compression type load sensor, a stud and a bolt group. The upper part of the force measuring seat plate is provided with a flat round hole, the flat round hole is connected with a movable rod through a bolt, and the movable rod adjusts the direction of the load pulling and pressing type load sensor, so that the position and the stress direction of the axis of the load sensor are consistent with the tangential force applied to the brake shoe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compact structure, small occupied platform area and convenient installation and disassembly. The cast iron platform equipment is fully utilized, the cast iron platform equipment can be detachably stored when a brake beam-free test is carried out, the space of the cast iron platform is not occupied, the vertical height of the small portal frame can be adjusted, and the small portal frame can be used for testing other small parts such as springs;
2. the invention can simultaneously test two brake beams, improves the working efficiency, and has strong applicability by arranging the movable suspension device and supporting the test of a single brake beam.
3. According to the invention, the tensile load of the brake beam is loaded in a vertical stretching mode of the actuator, so that the actuator can be naturally centered and the stress state is good. The hanging ring structure can ensure that the tensile loads borne by the two brake beams are consistent;
4. the tangential force borne by the brake shoe is converted into a vertical mode easy to load by the structural form of the rotating arm, and the self-aligning roller bearing is installed to reduce abrasion and improve conversion efficiency;
5. the test bed can be suitable for tests of brake beams under different track gauges by adjusting the positions of the two bases;
6. the device can select a proper simulated wheel tread surface device according to the shape of a brake shoe of a to-be-tested brake beam, and the device is arranged on a rotating arm, wherein the rotating arm is designed into a fan shape in order to be suitable for brake beams of different types, can adapt to a deflection angle of 0-14 degrees of a brake head, and can be further suitable for testing the brake beams of different upright column forms and different brake head deflection angles.
8. When the tensile load is smaller, the second actuator can be replaced by an actuator with smaller load, so that energy is saved and consumption is reduced;
9. the tangential force measuring device can accurately determine the output load value of the actuator, so that the brake tangential force borne by the brake shoe is accurately loaded.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a brake beam static load and fatigue test compliant device;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an isometric view of the brake beam static load and fatigue test compliant device;
FIG. 6 is an isometric view of the 250kN actuator after it has been reloaded;
FIG. 7 is an isometric view of a single brake beam test;
wherein: 1. the device comprises a portal frame, a 2.500kN actuator, a 3.100kN actuator, a 4-loading plate, a 5-loading beam assembly, a 6-rotating arm assembly, a 61-beam pressing plate, a 62-self-aligning roller bearing, a 63-rotating arm, a 64-stopping device, a 7-base assembly, a 8-force measuring device, a 9-tensile load loading device, a 91-loading plate, a 92-suspender, a 93-lifting ring, a 10-simulated wheel tread device, a 11-simulated chute assembly and a 12-brake beam.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1:
the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the structure diagram of the brake beam static load and fatigue test flexible device of the invention comprises a portal frame 1, two base assemblies 7, four rotating arm assemblies 6, four simulated wheel tread devices 10, two loading beam assemblies 5, a set of tensile load loading device 9, four simulated sliding groove assemblies 11, and two sets of force measuring devices 8.
The portal frame comprises 2 upright posts, 2 supporting corner fittings and a cross beam. The cross beam is connected with the upright post and the supporting angle piece through bolts, the supporting angle piece is connected with the upright post through bolts, and the upright post is connected with a cast iron platform with a T-shaped groove through foundation bolts; therefore, the portal frame 1 in the embodiment is designed in a reinforcing mode, the sectional areas of the upright columns and the cross beams are increased, the supporting corner pieces are added, and the requirements of the two brake beams for static load and fatigue tests can be completely met in strength and rigidity through finite element analysis and calculation. Two 100kN actuators 3 are arranged according to the positioning holes on the cross beam to provide tangential force generated on a brake shoe during a brake beam test, and a 500kN actuator 2 is arranged to provide tensile load of the brake beam test; the 500kN actuator 2 is positioned between two 100kN actuators 3; the loading end of the 500kN actuator 2 is provided with a loading plate 4, the loading end of the 100kN actuator 3 is provided with a loading beam assembly 5, and the total number of the loading beam assemblies 5 is two.
Two bases 7 are arranged below a cross beam of the portal frame 1; the two base assemblies 7 are oppositely arranged along the direction vertical to the portal frame beam and the upright post; each base assembly 7 is provided with two rotating arm assemblies 6 which are rotatably connected through a bearing; thus a total of four swivel arms 6; two ends of the loading beam assembly 5 are respectively connected to the two rotating arm assemblies 6; the rotating arm assembly 6 is connected with a simulated wheel tread device 10. The two sets of force measuring devices 8 measure the tangential force generated on the brake shoe by using the tension-compression type load sensors.
Further, the base combination contains 2 bases in this embodiment, for the difference in the brake beam length under the different gauge of adaptation, and split type installation is designed to 2 bases, is connected with the cast iron platform in area T type groove through rag bolt respectively. The base comprises bottom plate, riser, gusset and support column, and it has 6 oblate holes to mill on the riser for the installation simulation spout.
As shown in fig. 4, the rotating arm assembly 6 includes a beam pressing plate 61, a self-aligning roller bearing 62, a rotating arm 63, and a stopper 64; the middle part of the rotating arm 63 is connected with the base assembly 7 through a self-aligning roller bearing 62, the rotating arm and the bearing are in interference fit press mounting, and the rotating arm is installed on a supporting column of the base through the bearing; one end of the rotating arm 63 is connected with the loading beam assembly 5 through the beam pressing plate 61, and the other end of the rotating arm is connected with the simulated wheel tread device 10 through the arc surface. The simulated wheel tread device can be assembled with tread patterns under different wheel diameters according to the test requirements. The stop is arranged on the side surface of the rotating arm 63, and relative sliding between the brake shoe and the simulated wheel tread is prevented through the adjusting bolt. The beam pressing plate 61 is connected with the rotating arm 63 through a bolt and used for fixing the loading beam assembly. The brake beam 12 is supported at both ends on a simulated wheel tread.
Further, the loading beam assembly 5 comprises a loading plate, a supporting beam, a rib plate and a partition plate. The loading beam assembly 5 is connected with a 100kN actuator and provides tangential force load generated by braking for 2 brake shoes. The loading beam can meet the loading of the tangential force of a brake shoe of the brake beam under the track gauge of 1000 mm-1700 mm in the length direction.
An appropriate simulated wheel tread device 10 is selected and mounted on the rotating arm 63 according to the shape of the brake shoe of the brake beam to be tested. The tumbler 63 is intended to be suitable for different types of brake beams, for example: an L-B type brake beam (the diameter of a wheel is 840mm, and the deviation angle of a brake head central line is 12 degrees); an L-B1 type brake beam (wheel diameter 915mm, brake head slip angle 14 degrees); 1676mm gauge bogie brake beam (wheel diameter 950mm, brake head offset angle 0 degree); the design is fan-shaped, and the brake head can adapt to a deflection angle of 0-14 degrees.
As shown in fig. 5, the rotating arm assemblies 6 (together with the simulated wheel tread devices 10) are respectively installed on the base assemblies 7, and the test of brake beams with different specifications such as meter rail, standard rail, wide rail and the like can be adapted by adjusting the distance between 2 base assemblies 7.
The loading beam assembly 5 is mounted on a 100kN actuator, adjusted to a suitable height, and the loading beam assembly 5 is fixed to the rotating arm assembly 6 by a beam pressing plate 61. The height is adjusted to make the upper plane of the rotating arm assembly 6 horizontal.
As shown in figure 5, two force measuring devices 8 are installed, the magnitude of tangential force generated on the brake shoes is measured by using the tension-compression type load sensors, if the magnitudes of loads on two sides are different, the adjusting screw at the position of the loading beam assembly 5 on the rotating arm 63 is adjusted, so that the magnitudes of the tangential force generated on the two brake shoes are the same, and the adjusting screw is locked. The force measuring device 8 is removed during the test.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the tensile load loading device 9 includes a loading plate 91, a boom 92, and a hoist ring 93; one end of the hoisting ring 93 is connected with the brake beam through a connecting pin, the other end of the hoisting ring is connected with the suspender 92, the suspender 92 is connected with the loading plate 91, and the loading plate 91 is connected with the 500kN actuator through a bolt to provide tensile load of the brake beam. Installing a loading plate 91 to a 500kN actuator in a tensile load loading device 9, installing a lifting ring 93 on a brake beam 12, placing the brake beam 12 under a rotating arm 63, vertically placing the brake beam 12 (vertical to a cross beam and a vertical column of a portal frame and parallel to a loading cross beam component 5), attaching brake shoes of the brake beam 12 to a simulated wheel tread device 10, installing a suspender 92 (one end of the suspender 92 is connected with the lifting ring 93, the other end is connected with the loading plate 91), adjusting to a proper position to enable a brake beam support to be vertical, attaching the brake shoes to the simulated wheel tread device 10, and fastening a suspender bolt. The adjusting rotating arm is composed of an adjusting screw of a baffle plate 64 on the 6, and is close to the brake shoe.
Further, in this embodiment, the load plate 91 may be connected to two brake beams, the two brake beams being parallel to each other, so that the other brake beam is mounted on the load plate 91 in the same manner, and the two brake beams are symmetrical about the 500kN actuator.
Further, two simulation sliding chutes are arranged on two sides of the brake head to form 11, and are fastened with adjusting screws to restrain longitudinal and transverse displacements of the brake head, wherein the simulation sliding chutes form 11 and comprise a bottom plate, a vertical plate, a rib plate and fastening screws. The bottom plate is provided with a flat round hole which is matched with the flat round hole of the vertical plate of the base and used for adjusting the deflection angle of the brake head support. The brake head is supported against the vertical plate by adjusting the fastening screw to bear the component of the lateral force generated in the test.
Further, the force measuring device 8 comprises a force measuring seat plate, a movable rod, a 50kN tension and compression type load sensor, a stud and an M36 bolt group. The upper part of the force measuring seat plate is provided with a flat round hole which is matched with the M36 bolt group and the movable rod to adjust the direction of the load sensor, so that the position and the stress direction of the axis of the load sensor are consistent with the tangential force applied to the brake shoe.
As the function expansion, as shown in FIG. 6, threaded holes connected with 250kN actuators are respectively arranged on a loading plate 91 connected with the 500kN actuators and a suspension plate in a portal frame 1, and when the total tensile load of a brake beam is less than 175kN, the 500kN actuators can be replaced by the 250kN actuators, so that the load loading precision is improved, and energy conservation and consumption reduction are realized.
As an expansion of the function, as shown in FIG. 7, when a failure occurs in one brake beam test, 500kN or 250kN of actuators can be moved to be right above the brake beam, the hanger rods 92 are installed in threaded holes in the centers of the loading plates 91 and fastened, and the single brake beam can be continuously tested.
Finally, it is also noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A flexible device for static load and fatigue test of a brake beam is characterized by comprising a portal frame, a base assembly, a rotating arm assembly, a loading beam assembly, a tensile load loading device and a wheel tread simulating device;
a first actuator, a second actuator and a third actuator are sequentially arranged on a cross beam of the portal frame; the first actuator and the third actuator provide tangential force generated on the brake shoe during the brake beam test; the second actuator provides tensile load of the brake beam test; the first actuator is connected with the first loading cross beam; the second actuator is connected with the tensile load loading device, and the third actuator is connected with the second loading cross beam; the two ends of the first loading beam assembly and the second loading beam assembly are connected with one end of a rotating arm assembly arranged on the base assembly, and the other end of the rotating arm assembly is connected with a device for simulating the wheel tread; the tensile load loading device is connected with the brake beam, and brake shoes at two ends of the brake beam are supported on the simulated wheel tread during testing.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the second actuator is connected to the gantry via an actuator connecting plate, and the second actuator connecting plate is provided with other actuator mounting locations.
3. A flexure device for use in brake beam static load and fatigue testing as claimed in claim 2, wherein said second actuator attachment plate is connected to said moving suspension.
4. The flexible device for the static load and fatigue test of the brake beam as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base assembly comprises 2 bases, and the 2 bases are oppositely arranged on two sides of a gantry beam.
5. The flexible device for the static load and fatigue test of the brake beam as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotating arm assembly comprises a rotating arm, a bearing and a beam pressing plate, the middle position of the rotating arm is mounted on the base assembly through the bearing, a simulated wheel tread surface device is mounted at the arc surface of one end of the rotating arm, the other end of the rotating arm is connected with the beam pressing plate, and the beam pressing plate is used for fixing the loading beam assembly.
6. A flexible device for brake beam static load and fatigue testing as claimed in claim 5, wherein said pivoted arm assembly further includes a stop mounted on the side of the pivoted arm for preventing relative slippage between the brake shoe and the simulated wheel tread by adjusting the bolt.
7. The brake beam static load and fatigue test compliant device of claim 1, wherein said tensile load loading means comprises a bail, a hanger bar, a connector pin and a load plate, the bail is connected to the brake beam at one end by the connector pin and at the other end to the hanger bar, the hanger bar is connected to the load plate, and the load plate is connected to the second actuator to provide the brake beam tensile load.
8. The flexible device for the static load and fatigue test of the brake beam according to claim 1, further comprising a simulation sliding groove assembly, wherein the simulation sliding groove assembly comprises a bottom plate, a vertical plate, a rib plate and a fastening screw, a flat round hole is formed in the bottom plate and matched with the flat round hole of the vertical plate to adjust the angle to be suitable for the deflection angle of the brake head, and the brake head is abutted against the vertical plate by adjusting the fastening screw to bear the component of the lateral force generated during the test.
9. A flexure mechanism for brake beam static load and fatigue testing as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a force measuring device for detecting the uniformity of the magnitude of the tangential force generated on the brake shoes.
10. The flexible device for the static load and fatigue test of the brake beam as claimed in claim 9, wherein the force measuring device comprises a force measuring seat plate, a movable rod and a tension-compression type load sensor, the upper part of the force measuring seat plate is provided with a flat round hole, the flat round hole is connected with the movable rod through a bolt, and the movable rod adjusts the orientation of the tension-compression type load sensor, so that the position and the stress direction of the axis of the load sensor are consistent with the tangential force applied to the brake shoe.
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| CN202111470207.1A CN114264544B (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Flexible device for static load and fatigue test of brake beam |
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| CN202111470207.1A CN114264544B (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Flexible device for static load and fatigue test of brake beam |
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| CN114264544B CN114264544B (en) | 2024-02-13 |
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