CN114261155A - Magnesium-titanium laminated plate with good strong plasticity and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Magnesium-titanium laminated plate with good strong plasticity and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a magnesium-titanium laminated plate with good strong plasticity, which comprises the following steps: s1, annealing the rolled magnesium plate to obtain an annealed magnesium plate, and respectively polishing and deoiling the surface of the titanium plate and the annealed magnesium plate; s2, alternately stacking the annealed magnesium plates and the titanium plates to form a multi-layer laminated plate, wherein the outermost layer of the laminated plate is the annealed magnesium plate, carrying out hot extrusion on the laminated plate, the transverse direction of the laminated plate formed by stacking is vertical to the length direction of a sizing belt of an extrusion die, the extrusion deformation is 60-90%, the extrusion temperature is 200-400 ℃, the extrusion speed is 3-6 mm/S, and carrying out water cooling on the extruded laminated plate; and S3, annealing the water-cooled laminated plate. The magnesium alloy can solve the problems of low strength and poor plastic deformation capability of the existing magnesium alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of magnesium alloy processing, in particular to a magnesium-titanium laminated plate with good strong plasticity and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Magnesium and magnesium alloy are used as a light structural material, and have the advantages of high specific strength, thermal conductivity, good electromagnetic shielding performance and the like, so that the magnesium and magnesium alloy becomes a green engineering material in the 21 st century, and has wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace, automobile industry and the like. However, its widespread use also increases the need for better mechanical properties, such as higher tensile strength, better ductility. As is well known, magnesium alloys have a close-packed hexagonal crystal structure, have few slip systems, and are not favorable for plastic deformation, resulting in poor toughness. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of poor plastic deformation capability of the magnesium alloy, the magnesium alloy can be combined with a dissimilar metal or alloy to form a metal composite material so as to make up for the deficiency of the magnesium alloy.
The metal titanium and the alloy thereof have the advantages of light weight, high specific strength, good plastic deformation capability, good corrosion resistance and the like, are important light metal structural materials after steel and aluminum alloy, and are widely applied to the fields of aerospace, petrochemical industry and the like.
In consideration of the disadvantages of low strength and poor plastic deformability of magnesium metal and the advantages of high strength, good plasticity, good corrosion resistance and the like of titanium metal, in this case, if reliable connection of magnesium and titanium dissimilar metals can be realized, the respective advantages are fully exerted, and the defects of the magnesium and titanium dissimilar metals are compensated, so that a magnesium and titanium composite plate with excellent performance can be prepared.
Currently, the preparation method of magnesium-titanium metal layered composite materials mainly comprises various processing methods such as vacuum hot pressing, explosive welding, rolling and the like. The vacuum hot pressing process can realize good metallurgical bonding of interlayer diffusion at high temperature and high pressure, and has the advantage of easy preparation of block materials with few interface defects. However, the vacuum condition is costly and the product size is limited by the vacuum chamber. The explosive welding process is a special pressure welding method that combines uniform or non-uniform metallic materials using detonation waves generated during an explosion. But the problems of poor controllability, serious pollution and the like exist in explosive welding. As a continuous processing technology, the rolling technology has simple process and can be used for producing large-scale plate-shaped structural materials. However, for some metals with poor plastic deformability, edge cracks inevitably occur during rolling, resulting in material loss. Different from the process, the research on preparing the magnesium-titanium laminated plate by extrusion is rarely reported; secondly, extrusion is used as a plastic deformation process, so that the material is subjected to high three-dimensional stress and large plastic strain, the plastic deformation capacity of the material is effectively improved, and the interface bonding of the composite plate is further improved. Therefore, a process directly used for the preparation of a magnesium-titanium laminate was developed based on the extrusion process, and a magnesium-titanium laminate excellent in performance was obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for preparing a magnesium-titanium laminated plate with good plasticity by using a titanium plate as a composite plate material, mainly aiming at the problems of low strength and poor plastic deformability of magnesium alloy.
The preparation method of the magnesium-titanium laminated plate with good strong plasticity comprises the following steps:
s1, annealing the rolled magnesium plate to obtain an annealed magnesium plate, and respectively polishing and deoiling the surface of the titanium plate and the annealed magnesium plate;
s2, alternately stacking the annealed magnesium plates and the titanium plates to form a multi-layer laminated plate, wherein the outermost layer of the laminated plate is the annealed magnesium plate, carrying out hot extrusion on the laminated plate, the transverse direction of the laminated plate formed by stacking is vertical to the length direction of a sizing belt of an extrusion die, the extrusion deformation is 60-90%, the extrusion temperature is 200-400 ℃, the extrusion speed is 3-6 mm/S, and carrying out water cooling on the extruded laminated plate;
and S3, annealing the water-cooled laminated plate.
Further, the thickness ratio of the rolled magnesium plate to the titanium plate in S1 is 3-6: 1.
further, the annealing temperature of the annealing treatment in the S3 is 250-400 ℃, and the annealing time is 1-2 hours.
Further, the magnesium plate is a pure magnesium plate or a magnesium alloy plate, and the titanium plate is a pure titanium plate or a titanium alloy plate.
The magnesium-titanium laminated plate with good strong plasticity is prepared by the preparation method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
1. According to the invention, the stacking sequence of the magnesium plate and the titanium plate is reasonably arranged, the outermost layer of the laminated plate formed by stacking is the annealed magnesium plate, and then the laminated plate is placed in the square extrusion cylinder, so that the transverse direction of the laminated plate is vertical to the length direction of the sizing belt; after hot extrusion, a bent bonding interface is formed in the prepared magnesium-titanium laminated plate, and meanwhile, the magnesium layer and the titanium layer keep good continuity. Further, the titanium layer provides high strength during tensile deformation, and the curved interface facilitates the bonding between the interfaces of the reinforcing layers, thereby improving the ductility of the magnesium-titanium laminate.
2. The invention regulates and controls the structure and the component change of the magnesium-titanium laminated plate through annealing treatment. By controlling the annealing temperature, uneven grain size is obtained, the proportion of coarse grains and fine grains in the magnesium layer and the titanium layer is changed, and the regulation and control of the tissue mechanical property are realized. Meanwhile, some elements in the magnesium plate, such as aluminum element, are diffused at the interface due to annealing, so that metallurgical bonding is formed at the interface, and the plasticity of the laminated plate is improved.
3. The extrusion temperature is limited to be 200-300 ℃, and if the extrusion temperature is too low, the surface quality of the magnesium-titanium laminated board is poor, and the interface bonding property is poor; if the pressing temperature is too high, the laminate is recrystallized, so that the crystal grains are coarsened, which is not favorable for improving the strength of the laminate.
4. The preparation process disclosed by the invention is simple in flow, feasible in operation, controllable in finished product performance, suitable for large-scale industrial production, and meanwhile, provides an idea for large-scale industrial preparation of other metal laminated plates.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic extrusion of a laminate transverse to the length of the bearing of an extrusion die;
FIG. 2 is a schematic extrusion of a laminate in a cross direction parallel to the length of the bearing of the extrusion die;
FIG. 3 is one of the schematic micro-topography of the laminate after vertical pressing;
FIG. 4 is a second schematic view of the micro-topography of the laminate after vertical pressing;
FIG. 5 is a schematic of the microstructure of a parallel pressed laminate;
FIG. 6 is a graph of grain boundaries of a single layer of a magnesium titanium laminate in an initial state and in an extruded state;
FIG. 7 is a grain boundary diagram of a single layer of an as-pressed laminate after annealing at 250 ℃;
FIG. 8 is a plot of grain boundaries of a single layer of an as-pressed laminate after annealing at 300 deg.C;
FIG. 9 is a graph of grain boundaries of a single layer of an as-extruded laminate after annealing at 350 deg.C;
FIG. 10 is a plot of grain boundaries of a single layer of an as-extruded laminate after annealing at 400 deg.C;
in the figure, 1-extrusion cylinder, 2-extrusion die, 21-bearing, 3-extrusion rod, 4-laminated plate.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
In a first embodiment, a method for preparing a magnesium-titanium laminate having good strong plasticity includes the steps of:
s1, cutting the initial rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy plate with the thickness of 3.0mm and the pure titanium plate with the thickness of 0.5mm into small plates with the thickness of 35mm multiplied by 15mm, annealing the rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy plate for 30min at the temperature of 350 ℃, and removing residual stress to obtain the annealed AZ31 magnesium alloy plate. And then respectively polishing the surfaces of the pure titanium plate and the annealed AZ31 magnesium alloy plate by using a steel wire brush, and removing oil by using alcohol. And then, the pure titanium plate and the surface of the AZ31 magnesium alloy plate in the annealing state are dried by a blower for standby.
And S2, alternately stacking four annealed AZ31 magnesium alloy plates and three pure titanium plates to form a multilayer structure laminated plate, wherein the outermost layer of the laminated plate is an annealed magnesium plate, and the total thickness of the stacked laminated plate is about 13.5 mm. Referring to fig. 1, the laminate is subjected to hot extrusion, graphite water is sprayed on the inner wall of an extrusion cylinder 1 before extrusion to serve as a lubricant, and after an extrusion die 2 and the extrusion cylinder 1 are heated to 250 ℃ and stabilized, the stacked laminate is placed in the extrusion cylinder 1 and kept warm for 10 min. The laminate 4 formed by stacking therein has a transverse direction perpendicular to the length direction of the press bearing 21. Then, a pressing force was applied to the laminate 4 by the pressing bar 3 at a pressing speed of 6mm/s and a pressing amount of 77.7% to obtain an extruded laminate having a thickness of about 3mm, and the extruded laminate was water-cooled outside the pressing die using cooling water to reduce the recovery degree of dislocation and improve the strength of the laminate.
It should be noted that the extrusion container 1 adopted in the present embodiment has a square cross section, and the extrusion container having a circular cross section can also be applied to this method.
Referring to fig. 6, the grain boundary morphology of the magnesium layer and the titanium layer before extrusion and after extrusion is respectively observed, and the magnesium layer and the titanium layer are subjected to hot extrusion to realize grain refinement, so that the strength of the laminated plate is improved.
And S3, annealing the water-cooled laminated plate, wherein the annealing temperature is 250 ℃, the annealing time is 1h, and the annealing process is used for regulating and controlling the tissue inhomogeneity of the magnesium layer and the titanium layer in the magnesium-titanium laminated plate and the element diffusion process at the layer interface, so that the regulation and control of the mechanical property of the laminated plate are realized.
In the second embodiment, the water-cooled laminate was annealed at 300 ℃, which was the same as in the first embodiment.
In the third example, the water-cooled laminate was annealed at 350 ℃, and the rest was the same as in the first example.
In the fourth example, the water-cooled laminate was annealed at 400 ℃, and the rest was the same as in the first example.
For comparative illustration of the advantages of the present invention, a magnesium-titanium laminated plate obtained by parallel extrusion of four rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy plates and three rolled pure titanium plates is taken as a first comparative example, a plate obtained by vertical extrusion of four rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy plates is taken as a second comparative example, a plate obtained by vertical extrusion of four rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy plates and annealing at 250 ℃ for 1h is taken as a third comparative example, a plate obtained by vertical extrusion of four rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy plates and annealing at 300 ℃ for 1h is taken as a fourth comparative example, a plate obtained by vertical extrusion of four rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy plates and annealing at 350 ℃ for 1h is taken as a fifth comparative example, a plate obtained by vertical extrusion of four rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy plates and annealing at 400 ℃ for 1h is taken as a sixth comparative example, and a magnesium laminated plate obtained by vertical extrusion of four rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy plates and three rolled pure titanium plates is taken as a seventh comparative example.
The mechanical properties of the sheets of examples one to four and comparative examples one to seven were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical properties of magnesium-titanium laminated plate under different processing conditions
| State of processing | Yield strength/MPa | Maximum tensile strength/MPa | Uniform elongation/%) | |
| Comparative example 1 | Parallel extrusion of laminates without annealing | 146 | 235 | 4.8 |
| Comparative example No. two | Vertical extrusion and non-annealing treatment of magnesium plate | 225 | 339 | 10.4 |
| Comparative example No. three | Vertical extrusion of magnesium plate and annealing at 250 DEG C | 205 | 332 | 11.2 |
| Comparative example No. four | Magnesium plate vertical extrusion and 300 ℃ annealing | 200 | 353 | 16.6 |
| Comparative example five | Vertical extrusion of magnesium plate, 350 ℃ annealing | 181 | 348 | 24.4 |
| Comparative example six | Magnesium plate vertical extrusion, 400 ℃ annealing | 157 | 327 | 21.7 |
| Comparative example seven | Vertical extrusion of laminates without annealing | 284 | 366 | 6.9 |
| Example one | The laminated plate is vertically extruded and annealed at 250 DEG C | 267 | 362 | 6.7 |
| Example two | The laminated plate is vertically extruded and annealed at 300 DEG C | 242 | 385 | 11.5 |
| EXAMPLE III | The laminated plate is vertically extruded and annealed at 350 DEG C | 233 | 387 | 16.5 |
| Example four | The laminated plate is vertically extruded and annealed at 400 DEG C | 227 | 360 | 12.0 |
Referring to fig. 2, the laminate of comparative example one, which is formed by parallel pressing, i.e. the laminate 4 formed by stacking is parallel to the length direction of the press die bearing 21, has poor mechanical properties, while the magnesium-titanium laminate of comparative example seven, which is prepared by perpendicular pressing, has significantly improved yield strength and maximum tensile strength. And simultaneously, the micro-topography observation is carried out on the laminates of the first comparative example and the seventh comparative example respectively, referring to fig. 5, the titanium layer is broken in a parallel extrusion mode, stress concentration is easily caused at the broken part, referring to fig. 3 and fig. 4, the titanium layer in the magnesium-titanium laminate obtained by vertical extrusion keeps good continuity, and meanwhile, the bending bonding interface formed between the magnesium-titanium layers is beneficial to improving the interface bonding strength of the laminate, so that the magnesium-titanium laminate obtained by vertical extrusion shows relatively high uniform elongation.
Compared with the mechanical property results of the comparative example seven and the comparative example two, the introduction of the titanium plate obviously enhances the magnesium plate, but simultaneously reduces the elongation of the magnesium-titanium laminated plate, so that the magnesium-titanium laminated plate with good comprehensive mechanical property is difficult to obtain only by hot extrusion and can be realized by combining a specific annealing treatment process.
The grain boundary morphology of the single layer of the sheet materials of the first to fourth examples is observed, and as a result, referring to fig. 7 to 10, the magnesium-titanium laminated sheet is annealed at different temperatures, so that the magnesium layer is recrystallized and the crystal grains grow, and the dislocation density is reduced, so that the strength of the laminated sheet is reduced as a whole. However, annealing at 350 ℃ induces a heterogeneous grain structure in the magnesium layer, which in turn produces additional strengthening and work hardening effects, so that the 350 ℃ annealed magnesium-titanium laminate has the highest tensile strength while maintaining the highest tensile elongation. The introduction of the titanium layer in examples one through five greatly improves the strength, especially the yield strength, of the laminate, mainly due to its ultra-fine grain structure, while the laminate also maintains a better elongation, as compared to comparative examples three through six. The change of the performance of the composite laminate after annealing shows that the three phases of the example have the best comprehensive mechanical properties compared with the first, second and fourth examples.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a magnesium-titanium laminated plate with good strong plasticity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, annealing the rolled magnesium plate to obtain an annealed magnesium plate, and respectively polishing and deoiling the surface of the titanium plate and the annealed magnesium plate;
s2, alternately stacking the annealed magnesium plates and the titanium plates to form a multi-layer laminated plate, wherein the outermost layer of the laminated plate is the annealed magnesium plate, carrying out hot extrusion on the laminated plate, the transverse direction of the laminated plate formed by stacking is vertical to the length direction of a sizing belt of an extrusion die, the extrusion deformation is 60-90%, the extrusion temperature is 200-400 ℃, the extrusion speed is 3-6 mm/S, and carrying out water cooling on the extruded laminated plate;
and S3, annealing the water-cooled laminated plate.
2. The method for producing a magnesium-titanium laminate having good plasticity according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness ratio of the rolled magnesium plate to the titanium plate in the S1 is 3-6: 1.
3. the method for producing a magnesium-titanium laminate having good plasticity according to claim 1, wherein: the annealing temperature of the annealing treatment in the S3 is 250-400 ℃, and the annealing time is 1-2 h.
4. The method for producing a magnesium-titanium laminate having good plasticity according to claim 1, wherein: the magnesium plate is a pure magnesium plate or a magnesium alloy plate, and the titanium plate is a pure titanium plate or a titanium alloy plate.
5. A magnesium-titanium laminated plate with good strong plasticity prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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