CN114260424A - Preparation method of liquid metal-based lattice structure metamaterial - Google Patents
Preparation method of liquid metal-based lattice structure metamaterial Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a lattice structure metamaterial based on liquid metal, which comprises the steps of carrying out photocuring molding on a lattice unit by adopting waxy photosensitive resin and carrying out 3D printing by combining a DLP additive manufacturing process to prepare a waxy lattice unit model; covering the wax lattice unit model by adopting gypsum mortar and a cylindrical high-temperature-resistant shell, and standing at normal temperature until the gypsum is hardened; putting the product into a high-temperature heating furnace, heating until the wax crystal lattice unit model is completely vaporized and forming an internal porous flow channel; pouring liquid metal into the wax lattice unit model until the porous flow channel is completely filled to obtain a metal lattice structure kernel; forming a super-elastic silica gel shell by adopting an immersion coating mode; curing the coated Fresnel metal lattice structure; the prepared liquid metal-based lattice structure metamaterial can realize the shape memory function of external force and temperature regulation, and can realize the function of recovery after repeated strain bearing due to the external elastic layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of novel multifunctional materials, in particular to a preparation method of a liquid metal-based lattice structure metamaterial.
Background
Multifunctional lattice-structured metamaterials have complex and diverse functions and uses in addition to traditional force and load bearing functions, and due to their structural complexity, are typically prepared by additive manufacturing methods. The lattice structure is a periodic structure composed of a large number of repeating lattice units of a truss or a curved surface, and the mechanical properties of the structure are mainly determined by the shape of the macroscopic structure and the shape of the lattice units in the macroscopic structure. Based on the current research, the study on the mechanical property and the light weight function of the lattice structure is mostly focused, and the mechanical property of the lattice structure is optimized by designing unit parameters such as the size of a lattice unit, the diameter of a truss, the thickness of a curved surface layer and the like. And due to the complex geometrical shape of the lattice structure, the method not only needs to be processed by professional design software, but also needs to be processed by an additive manufacturing method. With the development of additive manufacturing technology over the past decades, a large number of complex lattice structure designs are emerging, and thus, many multifunctional metamaterials based on lattice structures are emerging. The metamaterial based on the lattice structure shows complex functionality, and has the functions of controllable shape and strength, shape memory function, remoldability, sensability, excitability and the like besides the fields of heat transfer science, electricity, magnetism and acoustics.
The lattice-structure metamaterials with multiple functions appearing nowadays mainly focus on polymers with shape memory function and novel alloys such as NiTi alloy which can realize self-repairing function. In addition, there are ways to achieve shape memory by incorporating a low melting point liquid metal into the polymer foam. However, research and reports on the realization of controlled combination of multifunctional polymers and metals and the realization of multiple functions by a metamaterial structure such as a lattice structure have been limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a liquid metal-based lattice structure metamaterial, which combines a composite manufacturing process including additive manufacturing, casting, and plating, so that the manufactured liquid metal-based lattice structure metamaterial can realize a shape memory function of external force and temperature control, and can realize a function of recovering after repeatedly bearing strain due to an external elastic layer. Due to the combination of the high strength of the liquid metal compared to the polymer, a higher energy absorption can be achieved.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a liquid metal-based lattice structure metamaterial, which comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out photocuring molding on the lattice unit by using waxy photosensitive resin, and carrying out 3D printing by combining a DLP additive manufacturing process to obtain a waxy lattice unit model;
s2, covering the wax lattice unit model with gypsum mortar and a cylindrical high-temperature-resistant shell, and standing at normal temperature until the gypsum is hardened;
s3, putting the product in the step S2 into a high-temperature heating furnace for heating until the wax lattice unit model is completely vaporized and an internal porous flow channel is formed;
s4, pouring liquid metal into the wax lattice unit model to completely fill the porous flow channel, cooling and removing excess gypsum to obtain a metal lattice structure core;
s5, repeatedly immersing the super-elastic silica gel into the super-elastic silica gel solution in an immersion coating mode and curing to form a super-elastic silica gel shell;
s6, curing the coated Fresnel metal lattice structure;
further, in step S1, selecting a basic unit form of a lattice structure, constructing a lattice unit model with a preset metal core, printing the lattice structure with a diversion trench by 3D, cleaning the lattice structure with the diversion trench with absolute alcohol with a purity of 99.5% to sufficiently clean the residual liquid photosensitive resin, cleaning with distilled water, and drying in room-temperature air after the lattice structure is sufficiently cleaned;
further, in step S2, fixing the photosensitive resin lattice structure with the guiding groove on the rubber pad with the hole, then sleeving the rubber pad on the metal casting cylinder, slowly pouring the gypsum mortar along the edge of the metal casting cylinder, completely immersing the photosensitive resin lattice structure, and stopping pouring when the gypsum mortar reaches the height of the edge of the metal casting cylinder; then putting the rubber pad with the hole and the metal casting cylinder into a vacuum box together, vacuumizing to remove bubbles, standing for 2-5 hours after vacuumizing is finished, and drying after the rubber pad with the hole and the metal casting cylinder are completely hardened;
further, in step S2, the gypsum mortar includes the following components in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of silicon dioxide powder, 30-50 parts of calcium silicate powder and 5-15 parts of quartz powder;
further, in step S3, the dried and hardened gypsum mold and the metal casting cylinder are taken off from the rubber mat, and are placed into a high temperature heating furnace for heating, the temperature in the furnace is preheated to 550-;
further, in step S4, taking out the gypsum model and the metal casting cylinder, cooling the gypsum model and the metal casting cylinder to 80-120 ℃, then heating the heated liquid felz metal, then pouring the liquid metal into a model runner left in advance, putting the gypsum model and the metal casting cylinder into a vacuum box, vacuumizing again to completely fill the liquid metal into the inner pore canal of the gypsum model and remove redundant bubbles, then removing the gypsum model and the metal casting cylinder out of the vacuum box, standing for 1-2 hours, and cooling to room temperature;
further, in step S5, a silica gel solution containing 5% toluene is used for plating a film;
further, in step S5, immersing the Vertz metal lattice structure into a silica gel solution mixed with toluene, lifting the Vertz metal lattice structure after the Vertz metal lattice structure is completely immersed, enabling the Vertz metal lattice structure to be solidified in air for 3-6 minutes, then immersing the Vertz metal lattice structure again, and repeating the steps until the coating film is 10-15 layers and the total thickness of the film layer is 0.3-0.5 mm;
further, in step S6, the coated Fisher metal lattice structure is placed into a heating furnace to be heated to 45-60 ℃ and kept for 10-12 hours to completely cure the silica gel film. .
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses a preparation method of a liquid metal-based lattice structure metamaterial, which combines a composite manufacturing and processing process of additive manufacturing, casting and film coating processes, and the manufactured liquid metal-based lattice structure metamaterial can realize the shape memory function of external force and temperature regulation and control, and can realize the function of recovery after repeated strain bearing due to an external elastic layer. Due to the combination of the high strength of the liquid metal compared to the polymer, a higher energy absorption can be achieved. The composite manufacturing process has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention organically combines the additive manufacturing process, the casting process and the coating process, and realizes the preparation of the high-specific energy-absorbing and shape memory metamaterial;
(2) the invention can process the metamaterial based on specific metal, and can process various high-temperature liquid (50-100 ℃) and normal-temperature solid metals, alloys, polymers and the like;
(3) the surface of the coating material has low viscosity, and the coating material can quickly recover without sticking after compression deformation;
(4) the method can be used for forming shape memory liquid metal lattice structure metamaterials with various complex structures, preparing metamaterials with the same function, having wide application scenes, being widely applied to the field of aerospace or intelligent robots, and realizing quick response and quick recovery due to good electric conduction and heat transfer performance of the liquid metal.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a lattice building block provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a manufacturing process in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a liquid metal lattice metamaterial made in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of deformation recovery of a liquid metal lattice metamaterial according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of other types of metamaterials prepared by the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example one
The preparation method of the liquid metal-based lattice structure metamaterial of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out photocuring molding on the lattice unit by using waxy photosensitive resin, and carrying out 3D printing by combining a DLP additive manufacturing process to prepare a waxy lattice unit model:
(1) the basic unit form of the selected lattice structure:
the lattice structure comprises two types of lattices, namely a truss and a curved surface, common truss structures comprise Octet, BCC, FCC and the like, and curved surface lattice structures comprise Diamond, Primitive and the like. And judging whether the liquid metal lattice structure metamaterial can be prepared or not by evaluating the mechanical failure form of the connection points of the truss, the curved surface and the like after loading. Failure modes that become dominant in tensile or fracture set are not suitable for the present manufacturing process. The present invention illustrates the present method of preparation using a BCC truss lattice structure as an example, wherein the BCC truss lattice is a bending dominated deformation failure mode.
(2) Constructing a lattice unit model of a preset metal core:
the BCC lattice units are constructed by Element software, a 2 x 3 lattice unit spliced lattice structure is constructed in the embodiment, a conical flow channel is connected to the lattice unit spliced lattice structure, later-stage casting is facilitated, and a support structure is added to realize printing process implementation. The truss diameter was 1.2mm, the relative density was 15%, and a print file in STL format was output.
(3) Using waxy photosensitive resin, and using DLP process to additively manufacture a lattice unit model:
3D printing is carried out by adopting a DLP additive manufacturing process, printing is carried out by adopting a commercial DLP printer (Hunter printer, flash casting technology Co., Ltd.), the STL model file is sliced by adopting the thickness of 0.05mm, and then the slice file is output and led into the Hunter printer. Photocuring was carried out using a wax castable photosensitive resin (Fun to do Co., Ltd.) and the printing parameters were those recommended for this type of resin by a Hunter printer. Before printing, the photosensitive resin needs to be fully stirred uniformly to prevent deposition or agglomeration, and a resin tank needs to be ensured to be smooth and have no obvious scratches. In general, due to the high precision, smooth surface and no visible defects of the photocured molded part, after printing is completed, the lattice structure with the guide grooves needs to be separated from the printing platform of the printer, and the redundant support structure is removed. Thereafter, the remaining liquid photosensitive resin was sufficiently washed with absolute alcohol having a purity of 99.5%, followed by washing with distilled water. After sufficiently washing, the mixture was left to dry in air at room temperature.
S2, covering the wax lattice unit model with gypsum mortar and a cylindrical high-temperature-resistant shell, and standing at normal temperature until the gypsum is hardened:
the cleaned and dried photosensitive resin lattice structure with the diversion trench is fixed on the rubber pad with the hole, and then the rubber pad is sleeved into a special metal casting cylinder, wherein the height of the cylinder is 8-15mm higher than the fixed photosensitive resin lattice structure. Then, preparing the gypsum mortar: according to the weight parts of 60 parts of silicon dioxide powder, 40 parts of calcium silicate powder and 10 parts of quartz powder, the gypsum mortar has water solubility and can be dispersed by water after being cured. Distilled water is adopted to be mixed and prepared with gypsum sand according to the proportion of 100: 52. Fully stirring the mixture for 5 minutes by a stirrer to form uniform paste. After the gypsum mortar is prepared, slowly pouring the gypsum mortar along the edge of the metal casting cylinder, and completely immersing the photosensitive resin lattice structure. The pouring is stopped when the gypsum mortar reaches the edge level of the metal casting cylinder. At this time, the rubber pad with the hole and the metal casting cylinder are put into a vacuum box together, and are placed for 2 minutes to be vacuumized to remove bubbles. After the vacuum pumping is finished, standing for 2 hours in the air at room temperature until the materials are completely hardened and dried.
S3, putting the product in the step S2 into a high-temperature heating furnace for heating until the wax lattice unit model is completely vaporized and an internal porous flow channel is formed: the dried and hardened plaster model together with the metal casting cylinder is taken off from the rubber pad and put into a high temperature heating furnace for heating. The heating curves are provided by the waxy photosensitive resin manufacturer as follows: preheating the temperature in the furnace to 550 ℃, then putting the die assembly into the furnace, then heating at the heating rate of 2.3 ℃ per minute, keeping the temperature for 1.5 hours after heating to 700 ℃, then cooling to 260 ℃ at the cooling rate of 2 ℃ per minute, and keeping the temperature for 4 hours; this step completely vaporizes the wax lattice unit model, leaving an internal porous flow channel for subsequent injection molding.
S4, pouring liquid metal into the wax lattice unit model until the porous flow channel is completely filled, cooling and removing excess gypsum to obtain a metal lattice structure kernel: the Firez metal (melting point 62 deg.C) is heated to 100 deg.C to convert it to a liquid state, and then the plaster model and metal casting cylinder are removed and cooled to 80 deg.C, and then the liquid metal is poured into the pre-left model flow channel. And putting the gypsum model and the metal casting cylinder into a vacuum box, vacuumizing again for at least 5 minutes to completely fill the inner pore channels of the gypsum model with liquid metal, and removing redundant bubbles. The gypsum pattern and metal casting cylinder were then removed from the vacuum box and allowed to stand for 1 hour, allowing to cool to room temperature.
S5, repeatedly immersing and curing the super-elastic silica gel solution in an immersion coating mode to form a super-elastic silica gel shell: and removing the gypsum sand mould by using a metal rod or a metal shovel and using water jet to obtain the solid-state Vertz metal lattice structure inner core. The core of the fischer metal structure obtained by casting is coated by immersion. In this example, a silica gel solution is used for coating (DOWSIL 1-2577 LOW VOC). The silica gel solution can be solidified into a film through moisture in the air, and the surface drying time is short and is only 3-6 minutes. And a toluene solvent is used for dilution (Honeywell) before film coating, so that the viscosity of the silica gel solution is reduced, and bubbles formed in the film forming process can be effectively reduced. 5% toluene was added to the silica gel solution, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred with a stirring rod to be uniformly dispersed.
Immersing the Fisz metal lattice structure into a silica gel solution mixed with toluene, lifting after complete immersion, curing in air for 3 minutes, and then immersing again; repeating the steps to coat 10 layers of films so that the thickness of the multilayer film reaches 0.3 mm.
S6, curing the plated film with the Feltz metal lattice structure: after the steps are finished, the coated Fresnel metal lattice structure is placed in a heating furnace, and the temperature of 45 ℃ is kept for 10 hours, so that the silica gel film is completely cured.
Example two
The preparation method of the liquid metal-based lattice structure metamaterial of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out photocuring molding on the lattice unit by using waxy photosensitive resin, and carrying out 3D printing by combining a DLP additive manufacturing process to prepare a waxy lattice unit model:
(1) the basic unit form of the selected lattice structure:
the lattice structure comprises two types of lattices, namely a truss and a curved surface, common truss structures comprise Octet, BCC, FCC and the like, and curved surface lattice structures comprise Diamond, Primitive and the like. And judging whether the liquid metal lattice structure metamaterial can be prepared or not by evaluating the mechanical failure form of the connection points of the truss, the curved surface and the like after loading. Failure modes that become dominant in tensile or fracture set are not suitable for the present manufacturing process. The present invention illustrates the present method of preparation using a BCC truss lattice structure as an example, wherein the BCC truss lattice is a bending dominated deformation failure mode.
(2) Constructing a lattice unit model of a preset metal core:
the BCC lattice units are constructed by Element software, a 2 x 3 lattice unit spliced lattice structure is constructed in the embodiment, a conical flow channel is connected to the lattice unit spliced lattice structure, later-stage casting is facilitated, and a support structure is added to realize printing process implementation. The truss diameter was 1.2mm, the relative density was 15%, and a print file in STL format was output.
(3) Using waxy photosensitive resin, and using DLP process to additively manufacture a lattice unit model:
3D printing is carried out by adopting a DLP additive manufacturing process, printing is carried out by adopting a commercial DLP printer (Hunter printer, flash casting technology Co., Ltd.), the STL model file is sliced by adopting the thickness of 0.05mm, and then the slice file is output and led into the Hunter printer. Photocuring was carried out using a wax castable photosensitive resin (Fun to do Co., Ltd.) and the printing parameters were those recommended for this type of resin by a Hunter printer. Before printing, the photosensitive resin needs to be fully stirred uniformly to prevent deposition or agglomeration, and a resin tank needs to be ensured to be smooth and have no obvious scratches. In general, due to the high precision, smooth surface and no visible defects of the photocured molded part, after printing is completed, the lattice structure with the guide grooves needs to be separated from the printing platform of the printer, and the redundant support structure is removed. Thereafter, the remaining liquid photosensitive resin was sufficiently washed with absolute alcohol having a purity of 99.5%, followed by washing with distilled water. After sufficiently washing, the mixture was left to dry in air at room temperature.
S2, covering the wax lattice unit model with gypsum mortar and a cylindrical high-temperature-resistant shell, and standing at normal temperature until the gypsum is hardened:
the cleaned and dried photosensitive resin lattice structure with the diversion trench is fixed on the rubber pad with the hole, and then the rubber pad is sleeved into a special metal casting cylinder, wherein the height of the cylinder is 8-15mm higher than the fixed photosensitive resin lattice structure. Then, preparing the gypsum mortar: according to the weight parts of 50 parts of silicon dioxide powder, 30 parts of calcium silicate powder and 5 parts of quartz powder, the gypsum mortar has water solubility and can be dispersed by water after being cured. Distilled water is adopted to be mixed and prepared with gypsum sand according to the proportion of 100: 50. Fully stirring for 10 minutes by a stirrer to form uniform paste. After the gypsum mortar is prepared, slowly pouring the gypsum mortar along the edge of the metal casting cylinder, and completely immersing the photosensitive resin lattice structure. The pouring is stopped when the gypsum mortar reaches the edge level of the metal casting cylinder. At this time, the rubber pad with the hole and the metal casting cylinder were put together in a vacuum box, and left for 3 minutes to be evacuated to remove air bubbles. After the vacuum pumping is finished, standing for 5 hours in the air at room temperature until the materials are completely hardened and dried.
S3, putting the product in the step S2 into a high-temperature heating furnace for heating until the wax lattice unit model is completely vaporized and an internal porous flow channel is formed: the dried and hardened plaster model together with the metal casting cylinder is taken off from the rubber pad and put into a high temperature heating furnace for heating. The heating curves are provided by the waxy photosensitive resin manufacturer as follows: preheating the temperature in the furnace to 650 ℃, then putting the die assembly into the furnace, then heating at the heating rate of 2.8 ℃ per minute, keeping the temperature for 2.5 hours after heating to 760 ℃, and then cooling to 300 ℃ at the cooling rate of 2.3 ℃ per minute and keeping the temperature for 6 hours; this step completely vaporizes the wax lattice unit model, leaving an internal porous flow channel for subsequent injection molding.
S4, pouring liquid metal into the wax lattice unit model until the porous flow channel is completely filled, cooling and removing excess gypsum to obtain a metal lattice structure kernel: the Firez metal (melting point 62 deg.C) is heated to 100 deg.C to convert it to a liquid state, and then the plaster model and metal casting cylinder are removed and cooled to 120 deg.C, and then the liquid metal is poured into the pre-left model flow channel. And putting the gypsum model and the metal casting cylinder into a vacuum box, vacuumizing again for at least 5 minutes to completely fill the inner pore channels of the gypsum model with liquid metal, and removing redundant bubbles. The gypsum pattern and metal casting cylinder were then removed from the vacuum box and allowed to stand for 2 hours and cool to room temperature.
S5, repeatedly immersing and curing the super-elastic silica gel solution in an immersion coating mode to form a super-elastic silica gel shell: and removing the gypsum sand mould by using a metal rod or a metal shovel and using water jet to obtain the solid-state Vertz metal lattice structure inner core. The core of the fischer metal structure obtained by casting is coated by immersion. In this example, a silica gel solution is used for coating (DOWSIL 1-2577 LOW VOC). The silica gel solution can be solidified into a film through moisture in the air, and the surface drying time is short and is only 3-6 minutes. And a toluene solvent is used for dilution (Honeywell) before film coating, so that the viscosity of the silica gel solution is reduced, and bubbles formed in the film forming process can be effectively reduced. 5% toluene was added to the silica gel solution, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred with a stirring rod to be uniformly dispersed.
Immersing the Fisz metal lattice structure into a silica gel solution mixed with toluene, lifting after complete immersion, curing in air for 6 minutes, and then immersing again; and repeating the steps to coat 15 layers of films so that the thickness of the multilayer film reaches 0.5 mm.
S6, curing the plated film with the Feltz metal lattice structure: after the steps are finished, the coated Fresnel metal lattice structure is placed in a heating furnace, and the temperature of 60 ℃ is kept for 12 hours, so that the silica gel film is completely cured.
EXAMPLE III
The preparation method of the liquid metal-based lattice structure metamaterial of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out photocuring molding on the lattice unit by using waxy photosensitive resin, and carrying out 3D printing by combining a DLP additive manufacturing process to prepare a waxy lattice unit model:
(1) the basic unit form of the selected lattice structure:
the lattice structure comprises two types of lattices, namely a truss and a curved surface, common truss structures comprise Octet, BCC, FCC and the like, and curved surface lattice structures comprise Diamond, Primitive and the like. And judging whether the liquid metal lattice structure metamaterial can be prepared or not by evaluating the mechanical failure form of the connection points of the truss, the curved surface and the like after loading. Failure modes that become dominant in tensile or fracture set are not suitable for the present manufacturing process. The present invention illustrates the present method of preparation using a BCC truss lattice structure as an example, wherein the BCC truss lattice is a bending dominated deformation failure mode.
(2) Constructing a lattice unit model of a preset metal core:
the BCC lattice units are constructed by Element software, a 2 x 3 lattice unit spliced lattice structure is constructed in the embodiment, a conical flow channel is connected to the lattice unit spliced lattice structure, later-stage casting is facilitated, and a support structure is added to realize printing process implementation. The truss diameter was 1.2mm, the relative density was 15%, and a print file in STL format was output.
(3) Using waxy photosensitive resin, and using DLP process to additively manufacture a lattice unit model:
3D printing is carried out by adopting a DLP additive manufacturing process, printing is carried out by adopting a commercial DLP printer (Hunter printer, flash casting technology Co., Ltd.), the STL model file is sliced by adopting the thickness of 0.05mm, and then the slice file is output and led into the Hunter printer. Photocuring was carried out using a wax castable photosensitive resin (Fun to do Co., Ltd.) and the printing parameters were those recommended for this type of resin by a Hunter printer. Before printing, the photosensitive resin needs to be fully stirred uniformly to prevent deposition or agglomeration, and a resin tank needs to be ensured to be smooth and have no obvious scratches. In general, due to the high precision, smooth surface and no visible defects of the photocured molded part, after printing is completed, the lattice structure with the guide grooves needs to be separated from the printing platform of the printer, and the redundant support structure is removed. Thereafter, the remaining liquid photosensitive resin was sufficiently washed with absolute alcohol having a purity of 99.5%, followed by washing with distilled water. After sufficiently washing, the mixture was left to dry in air at room temperature.
S2, covering the wax lattice unit model with gypsum mortar and a cylindrical high-temperature-resistant shell, and standing at normal temperature until the gypsum is hardened:
the cleaned and dried photosensitive resin lattice structure with the diversion trench is fixed on the rubber pad with the hole, and then the rubber pad is sleeved into a special metal casting cylinder, wherein the height of the cylinder is 8-15mm higher than the fixed photosensitive resin lattice structure. Then, preparing the gypsum mortar: according to the weight parts of 70 parts of silicon dioxide powder, 50 parts of calcium silicate powder and 15 parts of quartz powder, the gypsum mortar has water solubility and can be dispersed by water after being cured. Distilled water is adopted to be mixed and prepared with gypsum sand according to the proportion of 100: 55. Fully stirring the mixture for 5 minutes by a stirrer to form uniform paste. After the gypsum mortar is prepared, slowly pouring the gypsum mortar along the edge of the metal casting cylinder, and completely immersing the photosensitive resin lattice structure. The pouring is stopped when the gypsum mortar reaches the edge level of the metal casting cylinder. At this time, the rubber pad with the hole and the metal casting cylinder were put together in a vacuum box, and left for 3 minutes to be evacuated to remove air bubbles. After the vacuum pumping is finished, standing for 2 hours in the air at room temperature until the materials are completely hardened and dried.
S3, putting the product in the step S2 into a high-temperature heating furnace for heating until the wax lattice unit model is completely vaporized and an internal porous flow channel is formed: the dried and hardened plaster model together with the metal casting cylinder is taken off from the rubber pad and put into a high temperature heating furnace for heating. The heating curves are provided by the waxy photosensitive resin manufacturer as follows: preheating the temperature in the furnace to 650 ℃, then putting the die assembly into the furnace, then heating at the heating rate of 2.3 ℃ per minute, keeping the temperature for 1.5 hours after heating to 760 ℃, and then cooling at the cooling rate of 2.3 ℃ per minute to 260 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 6 hours; this step completely vaporizes the wax lattice unit model, leaving an internal porous flow channel for subsequent injection molding.
S4, pouring liquid metal into the wax lattice unit model until the porous flow channel is completely filled, cooling and removing excess gypsum to obtain a metal lattice structure kernel: the Firez metal (melting point 62 deg.C) is heated to 100 deg.C to convert it to a liquid state, and then the plaster model and metal casting cylinder are removed and cooled to 80 deg.C, and then the liquid metal is poured into the pre-left model flow channel. And putting the gypsum model and the metal casting cylinder into a vacuum box, vacuumizing again for at least 5 minutes to completely fill the inner pore channels of the gypsum model with liquid metal, and removing redundant bubbles. The gypsum pattern and metal casting cylinder were then removed from the vacuum box and allowed to stand for 2 hours and cool to room temperature.
S5, repeatedly immersing and curing the super-elastic silica gel solution in an immersion coating mode to form a super-elastic silica gel shell: and removing the gypsum sand mould by using a metal rod or a metal shovel and using water jet to obtain the solid-state Vertz metal lattice structure inner core. The core of the fischer metal structure obtained by casting is coated by immersion. In this example, a silica gel solution is used for coating (DOWSIL 1-2577 LOW VOC). The silica gel solution can be solidified into a film through moisture in the air, and the surface drying time is short and is only 3-6 minutes. And a toluene solvent is used for dilution (Honeywell) before film coating, so that the viscosity of the silica gel solution is reduced, and bubbles formed in the film forming process can be effectively reduced. 5% toluene was added to the silica gel solution, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred with a stirring rod to be uniformly dispersed.
Immersing the Fisz metal lattice structure into a silica gel solution mixed with toluene, lifting after complete immersion, curing in air for 3 minutes, and then immersing again; and repeating the steps to coat 15 layers of films so that the thickness of the multilayer film reaches 0.3 mm.
S6, curing the plated film with the Feltz metal lattice structure: after the steps are finished, the coated Fresnel metal lattice structure is placed in a heating furnace, and the temperature of 60 ℃ is kept for 10 hours, so that the silica gel film is completely cured.
Example four
The preparation method of the liquid metal-based lattice structure metamaterial of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out photocuring molding on the lattice unit by using waxy photosensitive resin, and carrying out 3D printing by combining a DLP additive manufacturing process to prepare a waxy lattice unit model:
(1) the basic unit form of the selected lattice structure:
the lattice structure comprises two types of lattices, namely a truss and a curved surface, common truss structures comprise Octet, BCC, FCC and the like, and curved surface lattice structures comprise Diamond, Primitive and the like. And judging whether the liquid metal lattice structure metamaterial can be prepared or not by evaluating the mechanical failure form of the connection points of the truss, the curved surface and the like after loading. Failure modes that become dominant in tensile or fracture set are not suitable for the present manufacturing process. The present invention illustrates the present method of preparation using a BCC truss lattice structure as an example, wherein the BCC truss lattice is a bending dominated deformation failure mode.
(2) Constructing a lattice unit model of a preset metal core:
the BCC lattice units are constructed by Element software, a 2 x 3 lattice unit spliced lattice structure is constructed in the embodiment, a conical flow channel is connected to the lattice unit spliced lattice structure, later-stage casting is facilitated, and a support structure is added to realize printing process implementation. The truss diameter was 1.2mm, the relative density was 15%, and a print file in STL format was output.
(3) Using waxy photosensitive resin, and using DLP process to additively manufacture a lattice unit model:
3D printing is carried out by adopting a DLP additive manufacturing process, printing is carried out by adopting a commercial DLP printer (Hunter printer, flash casting technology Co., Ltd.), the STL model file is sliced by adopting the thickness of 0.05mm, and then the slice file is output and led into the Hunter printer. Photocuring was carried out using a wax castable photosensitive resin (Fun to do Co., Ltd.) and the printing parameters were those recommended for this type of resin by a Hunter printer. Before printing, the photosensitive resin needs to be fully stirred uniformly to prevent deposition or agglomeration, and a resin tank needs to be ensured to be smooth and have no obvious scratches. In general, due to the high precision, smooth surface and no visible defects of the photocured molded part, after printing is completed, the lattice structure with the guide grooves needs to be separated from the printing platform of the printer, and the redundant support structure is removed. Thereafter, the remaining liquid photosensitive resin was sufficiently washed with absolute alcohol having a purity of 99.5%, followed by washing with distilled water. After sufficiently washing, the mixture was left to dry in air at room temperature.
S2, covering the wax lattice unit model with gypsum mortar and a cylindrical high-temperature-resistant shell, and standing at normal temperature until the gypsum is hardened:
the cleaned and dried photosensitive resin lattice structure with the diversion trench is fixed on the rubber pad with the hole, and then the rubber pad is sleeved into a special metal casting cylinder, wherein the height of the cylinder is 8-15mm higher than the fixed photosensitive resin lattice structure. Then, preparing the gypsum mortar: according to the weight parts of 60 parts of silicon dioxide powder, 35 parts of calcium silicate powder and 8 parts of quartz powder, the gypsum mortar has water solubility and can be dispersed by water after being cured. Distilled water is adopted to be mixed and prepared with gypsum sand according to the proportion of 100: 52. Fully stirring for 10 minutes by a stirrer to form uniform paste. After the gypsum mortar is prepared, slowly pouring the gypsum mortar along the edge of the metal casting cylinder, and completely immersing the photosensitive resin lattice structure. The pouring is stopped when the gypsum mortar reaches the edge level of the metal casting cylinder. At this time, the rubber pad with the hole and the metal casting cylinder are put into a vacuum box together, and are placed for 2 minutes to be vacuumized to remove bubbles. After the vacuum pumping is finished, standing for 3 hours in the air at room temperature until the materials are completely hardened and dried.
S3, putting the product in the step S2 into a high-temperature heating furnace for heating until the wax lattice unit model is completely vaporized and an internal porous flow channel is formed: the dried and hardened plaster model together with the metal casting cylinder is taken off from the rubber pad and put into a high temperature heating furnace for heating. The heating curves are provided by the waxy photosensitive resin manufacturer as follows: preheating the temperature in the furnace to 580 ℃, then putting the die assembly into the furnace, then heating at the heating rate of 2.5 ℃ per minute, keeping the temperature for 1.5 hours after heating to 760 ℃, and then cooling at the cooling rate of 2.1 ℃ per minute to 260 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 6 hours; this step completely vaporizes the wax lattice unit model, leaving an internal porous flow channel for subsequent injection molding.
S4, pouring liquid metal into the wax lattice unit model until the porous flow channel is completely filled, cooling and removing excess gypsum to obtain a metal lattice structure kernel: the Firez metal (melting point 62 deg.C) is heated to 100 deg.C to convert it to a liquid state, and then the plaster model and metal casting cylinder are removed and cooled to 110 deg.C, and then the liquid metal is poured into the pre-left model flow channel. And putting the gypsum model and the metal casting cylinder into a vacuum box, vacuumizing again for at least 5 minutes to completely fill the inner pore channels of the gypsum model with liquid metal, and removing redundant bubbles. The gypsum pattern and metal casting cylinder were then removed from the vacuum box and allowed to stand for 1 hour, allowing to cool to room temperature.
S5, repeatedly immersing and curing the super-elastic silica gel solution in an immersion coating mode to form a super-elastic silica gel shell: and removing the gypsum sand mould by using a metal rod or a metal shovel and using water jet to obtain the solid-state Vertz metal lattice structure inner core. The core of the fischer metal structure obtained by casting is coated by immersion. In this example, a silica gel solution is used for coating (DOWSIL 1-2577 LOW VOC). The silica gel solution can be solidified into a film through moisture in the air, and the surface drying time is short and is only 3-6 minutes. And a toluene solvent is used for dilution (Honeywell) before film coating, so that the viscosity of the silica gel solution is reduced, and bubbles formed in the film forming process can be effectively reduced. 5% toluene was added to the silica gel solution, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred with a stirring rod to be uniformly dispersed.
Immersing the Fisz metal lattice structure into a silica gel solution mixed with toluene, lifting after complete immersion, curing in air for 6 minutes, and then immersing again; and repeating the steps to coat 11 layers of films so that the thickness of the multilayer film reaches 0.4 mm.
S6, curing the plated film with the Feltz metal lattice structure: after the steps are finished, the coated Fresnel metal lattice structure is placed in a heating furnace, and the temperature is kept at 55 ℃ for 12 hours, so that the silica gel film is completely cured.
EXAMPLE five
The preparation method of the liquid metal-based lattice structure metamaterial of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out photocuring molding on the lattice unit by using waxy photosensitive resin, and carrying out 3D printing by combining a DLP additive manufacturing process to prepare a waxy lattice unit model:
(1) the basic unit form of the selected lattice structure:
the lattice structure comprises two types of lattices, namely a truss and a curved surface, common truss structures comprise Octet, BCC, FCC and the like, and curved surface lattice structures comprise Diamond, Primitive and the like. And judging whether the liquid metal lattice structure metamaterial can be prepared or not by evaluating the mechanical failure form of the connection points of the truss, the curved surface and the like after loading. Failure modes that become dominant in tensile or fracture set are not suitable for the present manufacturing process. The present invention illustrates the present method of preparation using a BCC truss lattice structure as an example, wherein the BCC truss lattice is a bending dominated deformation failure mode.
(2) Constructing a lattice unit model of a preset metal core:
the BCC lattice units are constructed by Element software, a 2 x 3 lattice unit spliced lattice structure is constructed in the embodiment, a conical flow channel is connected to the lattice unit spliced lattice structure, later-stage casting is facilitated, and a support structure is added to realize printing process implementation. The truss diameter was 1.2mm, the relative density was 15%, and a print file in STL format was output.
(3) Using waxy photosensitive resin, and using DLP process to additively manufacture a lattice unit model:
3D printing is carried out by adopting a DLP additive manufacturing process, printing is carried out by adopting a commercial DLP printer (Hunter printer, flash casting technology Co., Ltd.), the STL model file is sliced by adopting the thickness of 0.05mm, and then the slice file is output and led into the Hunter printer. Photocuring was carried out using a wax castable photosensitive resin (Fun to do Co., Ltd.) and the printing parameters were those recommended for this type of resin by a Hunter printer. Before printing, the photosensitive resin needs to be fully stirred uniformly to prevent deposition or agglomeration, and a resin tank needs to be ensured to be smooth and have no obvious scratches. In general, due to the high precision, smooth surface and no visible defects of the photocured molded part, after printing is completed, the lattice structure with the guide grooves needs to be separated from the printing platform of the printer, and the redundant support structure is removed. Thereafter, the remaining liquid photosensitive resin was sufficiently washed with absolute alcohol having a purity of 99.5%, followed by washing with distilled water. After sufficiently washing, the mixture was left to dry in air at room temperature.
S2, covering the wax lattice unit model with gypsum mortar and a cylindrical high-temperature-resistant shell, and standing at normal temperature until the gypsum is hardened:
the cleaned and dried photosensitive resin lattice structure with the diversion trench is fixed on the rubber pad with the hole, and then the rubber pad is sleeved into a special metal casting cylinder, wherein the height of the cylinder is 8-15mm higher than the fixed photosensitive resin lattice structure. Then, preparing the gypsum mortar: according to the weight parts of 65 parts of silicon dioxide powder, 45 parts of calcium silicate powder and 10 parts of quartz powder, the gypsum mortar has water solubility and can be dispersed by water after being cured. Distilled water is adopted to be mixed and prepared with gypsum sand according to the proportion of 100: 52. Fully stirring for 7 minutes by a stirrer to form uniform paste. After the gypsum mortar is prepared, slowly pouring the gypsum mortar along the edge of the metal casting cylinder, and completely immersing the photosensitive resin lattice structure. The pouring is stopped when the gypsum mortar reaches the edge level of the metal casting cylinder. At this time, the rubber pad with the hole and the metal casting cylinder were put together in a vacuum box, left for 2.5 minutes and evacuated to remove air bubbles. After the vacuum pumping is finished, standing for 3 hours in the air at room temperature until the materials are completely hardened and dried.
S3, putting the product in the step S2 into a high-temperature heating furnace for heating until the wax lattice unit model is completely vaporized and an internal porous flow channel is formed: the dried and hardened plaster model together with the metal casting cylinder is taken off from the rubber pad and put into a high temperature heating furnace for heating. The heating curves are provided by the waxy photosensitive resin manufacturer as follows: preheating the temperature in the furnace to 600 ℃, then putting the die assembly into the furnace, then heating at the heating rate of 2.5 ℃ per minute, keeping the temperature for 2 hours after heating to 730 ℃, and then cooling to 280 ℃ at the cooling rate of 2.2 ℃ per minute and keeping the temperature for 5 hours; this step completely vaporizes the wax lattice unit model, leaving an internal porous flow channel for subsequent injection molding.
S4, pouring liquid metal into the wax lattice unit model until the porous flow channel is completely filled, cooling and removing excess gypsum to obtain a metal lattice structure kernel: the Firez metal (melting point 62 deg.C) is heated to 100 deg.C to convert it to a liquid state, and then the plaster model and metal casting cylinder are removed and cooled to 100 deg.C, and then the liquid metal is poured into the pre-left model flow channel. And putting the gypsum model and the metal casting cylinder into a vacuum box, vacuumizing again for at least 5 minutes to completely fill the inner pore channels of the gypsum model with liquid metal, and removing redundant bubbles. The gypsum pattern and metal casting cylinder were then removed from the vacuum box and allowed to stand for 1.5 hours, allowing to cool to room temperature.
S5, repeatedly immersing and curing the super-elastic silica gel solution in an immersion coating mode to form a super-elastic silica gel shell: and removing the gypsum sand mould by using a metal rod or a metal shovel and using water jet to obtain the solid-state Vertz metal lattice structure inner core. The core of the fischer metal structure obtained by casting is coated by immersion. In this example, a silica gel solution is used for coating (DOWSIL 1-2577 LOW VOC). The silica gel solution can be solidified into a film through moisture in the air, and the surface drying time is short and is only 3-6 minutes. And a toluene solvent is used for dilution (Honeywell) before film coating, so that the viscosity of the silica gel solution is reduced, and bubbles formed in the film forming process can be effectively reduced. 5% toluene was added to the silica gel solution, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred with a stirring rod to be uniformly dispersed.
Immersing the Fisz metal lattice structure into a silica gel solution mixed with toluene, lifting after complete immersion, curing the Fisz metal lattice structure in air for 5 minutes, and then immersing again; repeating the steps to coat 13 layers of films so that the thickness of the multilayer film reaches 0.4 mm.
S6, curing the plated film with the Feltz metal lattice structure: after the steps are finished, the coated Fresnel metal lattice structure is placed in a heating furnace, and the temperature of 50 ℃ is kept for 11 hours, so that the silica gel film is completely cured.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing a liquid metal-based lattice structure metamaterial is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out photocuring molding on the lattice unit by using waxy photosensitive resin, and carrying out 3D printing by combining a DLP additive manufacturing process to obtain a waxy lattice unit model;
s2, covering the wax lattice unit model with gypsum mortar and a cylindrical high-temperature-resistant shell, and standing at normal temperature until the gypsum is hardened;
s3, putting the product in the step S2 into a high-temperature heating furnace for heating until the wax lattice unit model is completely vaporized and an internal porous flow channel is formed;
s4, pouring liquid metal into the wax lattice unit model to completely fill the porous flow channel, cooling and removing excess gypsum to obtain a metal lattice structure core;
s5, repeatedly immersing the super-elastic silica gel into the super-elastic silica gel solution in an immersion coating mode and curing to form a super-elastic silica gel shell;
and S6, curing the coated Felterz metal lattice structure.
2. A method of preparing a liquid metal based lattice structured metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, a basic unit form of a lattice structure is selected, then a lattice unit model with a preset metal core is constructed, 3D printing is adopted to print the lattice structure with a diversion trench, the lattice structure with the diversion trench is cleaned with absolute alcohol with a purity of 99.5% to fully clean residual liquid photosensitive resin, then cleaned with distilled water, and after being cleaned fully, the lattice structure is placed in room temperature air for drying.
3. The method of preparing a liquid metal based lattice structure metamaterial according to claim 2, wherein: step S2, fixing the photosensitive resin lattice structure with the diversion trench on the rubber pad with the hole, then sleeving the rubber pad on the metal casting cylinder, slowly pouring gypsum mortar along the edge of the metal casting cylinder, completely immersing the photosensitive resin lattice structure, and stopping pouring when the gypsum mortar reaches the height of the edge of the metal casting cylinder; and then putting the rubber pad with the hole and the metal casting cylinder into a vacuum box together, vacuumizing to remove bubbles, standing for 2-5 hours after vacuumizing is finished, and drying after the rubber pad with the hole and the metal casting cylinder are completely hardened.
4. The method of preparing a liquid metal based lattice structure metamaterial according to claim 3, wherein: in step S2, the gypsum mortar comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of silicon dioxide powder, 30-50 parts of calcium silicate powder and 5-15 parts of quartz powder.
5. The method of preparing a liquid metal based lattice structure metamaterial according to claim 3, wherein: in step S3, the dried and hardened gypsum mold and the metal casting cylinder are taken off from the rubber pad, and are placed into a high temperature heating furnace for heating, the temperature in the furnace is preheated to 550-650 ℃, then the mold assembly is placed into the furnace, the temperature is raised at the rate of 2.3-2.8 ℃ per minute, the temperature is raised to 700-760 ℃ and then is kept for 1.5-2.5 hours, and then the temperature is lowered to 260-300 ℃ at the rate of 2-2.3 ℃ per minute and then is kept for 4-6 hours.
6. A method of preparing a liquid metal based lattice structured metamaterial according to claim 5, wherein: in step S4, the gypsum model and the metal casting cylinder are taken out and cooled to 80 to 120 ℃, then the feitz metal heated to liquid state is poured into the model flow channel left in advance, the gypsum model and the metal casting cylinder are put into a vacuum box to be vacuumized again to make the liquid metal completely fill the inner pore channel of the gypsum model and remove the redundant bubbles, and then the gypsum model and the metal casting cylinder are taken out of the vacuum box to be kept stand for 1 to 2 hours and cooled to room temperature.
7. A method of preparing a liquid metal based lattice structured metamaterial according to claim 6, wherein: in step S5, a silica gel solution containing 5% toluene is used for plating.
8. A method of preparing a liquid metal based lattice structured metamaterial according to claim 7, wherein: in step S5, the Fisz metal lattice structure is immersed into the silica gel solution mixed with toluene, after the complete immersion, the wafer is lifted up to be solidified in the air for 3-6 minutes, then the wafer is immersed again, and the steps are repeated until the coating film is 10-15 layers, and the total thickness of the film layer is 0.3-0.5 mm.
9. A method of preparing a liquid metal based lattice structured metamaterial according to claim 7, wherein: in step S6, the coated Fisz metal lattice structure is put into a heating furnace to be heated to 45-60 ℃ and kept for 10-12 hours to completely cure the silicon membrane.
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