US20010032713A1 - Method and apparatus for fabrication of casting from patterns - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for fabrication of casting from patterns Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20010032713A1 US20010032713A1 US09/802,274 US80227401A US2001032713A1 US 20010032713 A1 US20010032713 A1 US 20010032713A1 US 80227401 A US80227401 A US 80227401A US 2001032713 A1 US2001032713 A1 US 2001032713A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pattern
- investment
- casting
- investment pattern
- fabrication
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
- B22C9/043—Removing the consumable pattern
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
- B22C7/023—Patterns made from expanded plastic materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
- B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
- B29C64/135—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask the energy source being concentrated, e.g. scanning lasers or focused light sources
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
- B29C33/3842—Manufacturing moulds, e.g. shaping the mould surface by machining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to investment casting techniques, and more particularly, to methods and apparatus for stereolithography, or providing the rapid fabrication of casting prototype patterns.
- the casting industry has long used heat-disposable solid patterns in the making of metal objects.
- the process of investment casting is historically known as the “lost wax” process. This process is performed by supplying a wax pattern of the item to be cast. A geometric cavity results after the solid pattern is encapsulated in ceramic and then removed by melting of the wax of the pattern. The cavity is filled with metal or other casting material which then takes the exact shape of the original pattern.
- Other pattern materials have been tried such as wood, foam, and plastic, but these types of pattern materials are more difficult to remove by heating than the wax.
- a requirement of any casting method is that the ceramic encapsulant or mold remains intact without cracking during the pattern melt or burn-out.
- Stereolithography or rapid prototyping, enables construction of plastic patterns in a short time period and without tooling.
- the stereolithography patterns are made of polymer which is solidified on the exterior of the pattern by scanning a UV (ultraviolet) laser according to a three dimensional data in a computer database.
- the pattern is produced one layer at a time by the laser.
- the polymer remains liquid in the interior of the pattern until the pattern is further cured, for example by curing the pattern in a UV oven.
- Solid patterns produced in this manner have been used in the casting process with great difficulty, primarily due to the high burn-out temperatures of resin and high thermal expansion of the pattern.
- the ceramic shell typically cracks or breaks as stereolithography patterns expand outward during the bum-out phase.
- the cracking or breaking is a result of weak or incomplete portion of the pattern being produced one layer at a time. This cracking or breaking normally occurs at the position where two layers are joined together.
- the polymer does not burn cleanly or completely, leaving the end product casting contaminated or of low quality due to the ash of the burned polymer.
- the hollow patterns generated with this invention are compatible with existing casting techniques.
- the pattern's skin is evacuated at temperature, for example from 200° F. to 800° F.
- the polymer shell is then able to collapse toward the pattern interior as thermal stresses increase. This collapsing toward the interior of the pattern results in less outward expansion of the pattern, and the ceramic shell is undamaged.
- Polymer burn-out is then successfully completed (at approximately, for example 650° C.) without damage to the ceramic mold and with minimal residual ash.
- a stereolithography machine manufactured by 3D Systems, Inc. or any other lazer/polymer rapid prototype machine, is used to solidify a pattern including a series of stacked grids of varying cross section that forms a pattern having an outer skin and inner labyrinth and any number of gates.
- the labyrinth or grid allows the unsolidified polymer to drain completely from the inside of the pattern via the gates, resulting in a pattern that is not solid polymer.
- the resulting three dimensional pattern provides the contiguous surface geometry adequately supported by an interior framework.
- the pattern is completed by attaching the gates of the pattern to a runner which is attached to a central sprue. Several of these patterns are so attached via the runner to the central sprue to form a pattern cluster. The pattern cluster is subsequently dipped in ceramic slurry, and the patterns of the pattern cluster are sifted by refractory grain to form a shell layer. These two steps are repeated to form a plurality of shell layers.
- the mold material is dried, and the patterns are melted out of the mold; the mold is cooled, and carbon and trash found within the mold if found, can be flushed with air and water.
- the molds are heated and filled with liquid metal, the filling being aided by either gravity, pressure/vacuum or centrifugal force.
- the mold is broken away from the castings, and the castings are removed from the sprue; gate stubs are ground off to achieve a finished product.
- the present invention can be used in conjunction with existing polymer methods.
- the production of the hollow pattern is achieved in half of the amount of time as previously required.
- the present invention can be easily integrated with existing processes employed by shell foundries.
- the present invention produces the pattern molds at less cost than previous pattern molds.
- FIG. 1 is an illustration depicting grid forms that are stacked to provide a pattern
- FIG. 2 is an isometric drawing illustrating a typical pattern resulting from stacking grids such as those illustrated in FIG. 1;
- FIGS. 3 a and 3 b illustrate various steps in the process to produce an investment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 4 a - 4 h illustrate various steps in the process to produce a casting of the present invention.
- the present invention uses a stereolithography machine manufactured by 3D Systems, Inc. or other lazer/polymer rapid prototype machine to solidify a pattern comprising a series of stacked A-grids having a first predetermined cross section 8 and B-grids 10 having a second predetermined cross section such as those illustrated in FIG. 1.
- a labyrinth 12 results as illustrated in FIG. 1.
- Each of the A and B grids have elements that couple sides of the grids.
- the element of A-grid and an element of B-grid form, for example substantially a 45°, angle or any other angle will achieve satisfactory results.
- FIG. 2 illustrates pattern 11 having an outer skin 14 and an inner labyrinth 12 (see FIG. 1) and a gate 16 such that the outer skin 14 includes A-outer skin 14 a and B-outer skin 14 b .
- Labyrinth 12 allows any unsolidified polymer to drain completely from the inside of pattern 11 via gate 16 .
- Gate 16 also operates as a vent for the filling process. In the preferred embodiment, one or more drains and one or more vents are recommended. The preferred embodiment is illustrated as having one gate for simplification, however, any number of gates, drains and vents may be provided.
- the resulting pattern 11 of three dimensions provides an essential contiguous surface geometry adequately supported by an interior framework.
- FIGS. 3 a and 3 b the various steps of the process of the present invention are illustrated.
- investment 30 is completed by curing the x-y cross sections of the polymer by using an ultraviolet light source. Layers of A-grid and B-grid are constructed in sequential manner as platform 34 is lowered into vessel 32 .
- Investment 30 is completed by placing it within vessel 32 through the use of lowering platform 34 .
- Vessel 32 is filled with an ultraviolet curable liquid 36 .
- Investment 30 is formed by ultraviolet light source 38 which is moveable in the x-y directions, curing the ultraviolet curable liquid 36 .
- This process may be completed by any method currently known in the art, such as stereolithography.
- investment 30 is placed on platform 50 , which is oriented for maximum drainage of remaining resin 52 of ultraviolet curable liquid 36 from within investment 30 .
- the drainage of the remaining resin 52 is facilitated by the labyrinth 12 .
- Investment 30 may be drained inside a heated chamber (not shown) to take advantage of the elevated temperature.
- Use of low viscosity resins as the ultraviolet curable liquid is preferred but not required.
- Investment 30 may be rinsed thoroughly, for example, in IPA, making sure that remaining ultraviolet curable liquid 52 is not trapped in corners or pockets within investment 30 .
- Investment 30 can be soaked in, for example, clean EPA for several hours if required.
- investment 30 should not be exposed to ultrasonic cleaning for more than ten minutes. Any ultraviolet curable liquid 36 on the exterior should be removed from the exterior, for example by wiping the exterior of investment 30 . Then, in the preferred embodiment, investment 30 may be allowed to dry, for example for approximately one hour and wiped again. Investment 30 is preferably not soaked in alcohol after the last drying cycle, or the skin may stretch and split on removal. After drying, investment 30 is cured in an ultraviolet oven (not shown) for one and a half minutes at full power. The short postcure of the oven will assure a non-porous skin without warpage. Investment 30 is wiped again if any ultraviolet curable liquid 36 remains on the exterior of investment 30 .
- the investments 30 are mounted at gate 16 to runner 60 , which is coupled to central sprue 62 .
- a plurality of similar investments 30 are mounted to other runners 60 , which are all coupled to central sprue 62 .
- ceramic slurry 64 is prepared in tank 66 .
- the investments 30 are dipped or immersed in the ceramic slurry 64 so that all the investments 30 are completely covered by ceramic slurry 64 .
- the dipping of the investments 30 may be accomplished by various methods, for example by automatic machine, or FIG. 4 b illustrates that the investments 30 are dipped by the hand of an operator.
- the investments 30 may be agitated by rotating and elevating investments 30 so as to completely cover investments 30 with ceramic slurry 64 .
- investments 30 are sifted through refractory grain 72 to produce a layer of refractory grain 72 on the exterior surface of the ceramic slurry coated investments 30 .
- the central sprue 60 is positioned for the sifting refractory grain 72 , for example, by hand to achieve a uniform coating of refractory grain 72 .
- the central sprue 60 may be rotated to ensure that refractory grain 72 is uniformly coated on investment 30 .
- refractory grain 72 Multiple layers of refractory grain 72 are desired to assure a complete and relatively thick coating and achieved by repeating the above dipping step illustrated in FIG. 4 b and then by sifting investments 30 in refractory grain 72 .
- at least nine shell layers are obtained by repeating the dipping and sifting steps illustrated in 4 b and 4 c , respectively.
- molds 68 are, for example, inverted and a supply of water and a supply of air are independently coupled to central sprue 62 so that the water and air may enter central sprue 62 , runners 60 , and the interior of molds 68 in order to flush molds 68 to remove carbon and other trash.
- the flushing step may be eliminated if the carbon or other trash is not present.
- the source of water and the source of air are removed from central sprue 62 , and molds 68 are positioned upright to prepare for the reception of heated metal.
- molds 68 are heated, and hot molds 68 are filled with hot metal through the central sprue 62 and runner 60 .
- a filling of the hot metal is facilitated, for example by gravity, pressure/vacuum or centrifugal force to remove any trapped bubbles, obtaining an accurate casting from the mold 68 .
- the material of mold 68 is broken away from the casting as illustrated in FIG. 4 g .
- the castings are removed from the central sprue 62 .
- the solidified metal corresponding to the gate 16 of the investment is removed, for example by grinding.
- One unique quality of the hollow investments 30 is that the expansion of the investments 30 while heating the investment does not crack mold 68 since the hollow investments 30 expand both inwardly and outwardly, reducing the outward expansion of investment 30 .
- the ultraviolet light source 38 forms investment 30 on platform 35 positioned in vessel 32 by reacting with the ultraviolet curable liquid 36 .
- the investment 30 is drained of the remaining ultraviolet curable liquid 36 .
- the investment 30 is dried and cured in an ultraviolet oven.
- the investment 30 is mounted on runner 60 , which is coupled to central sprue 62 .
- the central sprue 62 including the investments 30 is dipped in a ceramic slurry.
- the ceramic slurry coated investments 30 are sifted by refractory grains to provide a plurality of layers.
- the investments 30 are heated while attached to runners 60 , and investment 30 is melted out, forming a mold.
- An air and a water supply are coupled to central sprue 62 in order to supply the interior of the mold with the air and water in order to remove carbon and other trash, purifying the interior of the molds.
- the molds are heated, and hot metal fills the molds.
- An accurate casting is achieved by gravity, pressure/vacuum or centrifugal force.
- the mold material is broken away from the castings and the gate stubs which correspond to gate 16 are removed, for example by grinding, from the castings.
- the investment is computer and machine generated, which significantly reduces the manual labor and the cycle time for the fabrication of the casting and provides a high degree of part accuracy.
- the hollow investment 30 is stable, while enabling consistent burn-out and low ash content.
- the shell and labyrinth also enables the use of a variety of polymer formulations which may present other benefits such as cost, green strength and safety.
- This process generates casting or mold patterns with highly accurate internal and external details in comparison with other wax coating techniques. This is a result of the CAD defined polymer exterior and hollow investment. This new process provides patterns which are compatible with industry accepted casting processes and equipment.
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Abstract
A stereolithography machine is employed to solidify a pattern including a series of stacked grids forming the pattern having an outer skin and inner labyrinth and any number of gates. The hollow pattern is mounted on a central sprue through runners at the gate of the pattern. The pattern is dipped in ceramic slurry and sifted in a refractor grain in order to coat the hollow pattern. The hollow pattern is melted to form a mold.
Description
- The present invention relates to investment casting techniques, and more particularly, to methods and apparatus for stereolithography, or providing the rapid fabrication of casting prototype patterns.
- The casting industry has long used heat-disposable solid patterns in the making of metal objects. The process of investment casting is historically known as the “lost wax” process. This process is performed by supplying a wax pattern of the item to be cast. A geometric cavity results after the solid pattern is encapsulated in ceramic and then removed by melting of the wax of the pattern. The cavity is filled with metal or other casting material which then takes the exact shape of the original pattern. Other pattern materials have been tried such as wood, foam, and plastic, but these types of pattern materials are more difficult to remove by heating than the wax. A requirement of any casting method is that the ceramic encapsulant or mold remains intact without cracking during the pattern melt or burn-out.
- Stereolithography, or rapid prototyping, enables construction of plastic patterns in a short time period and without tooling. The stereolithography patterns are made of polymer which is solidified on the exterior of the pattern by scanning a UV (ultraviolet) laser according to a three dimensional data in a computer database. The pattern is produced one layer at a time by the laser. The polymer remains liquid in the interior of the pattern until the pattern is further cured, for example by curing the pattern in a UV oven. Solid patterns produced in this manner have been used in the casting process with great difficulty, primarily due to the high burn-out temperatures of resin and high thermal expansion of the pattern. The ceramic shell typically cracks or breaks as stereolithography patterns expand outward during the bum-out phase. The cracking or breaking is a result of weak or incomplete portion of the pattern being produced one layer at a time. This cracking or breaking normally occurs at the position where two layers are joined together. In addition, the polymer does not burn cleanly or completely, leaving the end product casting contaminated or of low quality due to the ash of the burned polymer.
- The hollow patterns generated with this invention are compatible with existing casting techniques. During the burn-out process, the pattern's skin is evacuated at temperature, for example from 200° F. to 800° F. The polymer shell is then able to collapse toward the pattern interior as thermal stresses increase. This collapsing toward the interior of the pattern results in less outward expansion of the pattern, and the ceramic shell is undamaged. Polymer burn-out is then successfully completed (at approximately, for example 650° C.) without damage to the ceramic mold and with minimal residual ash.
- In the present invention, a stereolithography machine manufactured by 3D Systems, Inc. or any other lazer/polymer rapid prototype machine, is used to solidify a pattern including a series of stacked grids of varying cross section that forms a pattern having an outer skin and inner labyrinth and any number of gates. The labyrinth or grid allows the unsolidified polymer to drain completely from the inside of the pattern via the gates, resulting in a pattern that is not solid polymer. The resulting three dimensional pattern provides the contiguous surface geometry adequately supported by an interior framework.
- The pattern is completed by attaching the gates of the pattern to a runner which is attached to a central sprue. Several of these patterns are so attached via the runner to the central sprue to form a pattern cluster. The pattern cluster is subsequently dipped in ceramic slurry, and the patterns of the pattern cluster are sifted by refractory grain to form a shell layer. These two steps are repeated to form a plurality of shell layers. The mold material is dried, and the patterns are melted out of the mold; the mold is cooled, and carbon and trash found within the mold if found, can be flushed with air and water. The molds are heated and filled with liquid metal, the filling being aided by either gravity, pressure/vacuum or centrifugal force. The mold is broken away from the castings, and the castings are removed from the sprue; gate stubs are ground off to achieve a finished product.
- The present invention can be used in conjunction with existing polymer methods. The production of the hollow pattern is achieved in half of the amount of time as previously required. The present invention can be easily integrated with existing processes employed by shell foundries. The present invention produces the pattern molds at less cost than previous pattern molds.
- These and other features of the invention that will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the invention, taken together with the accompanying drawings.
- FIG. 1 is an illustration depicting grid forms that are stacked to provide a pattern;
- FIG. 2 is an isometric drawing illustrating a typical pattern resulting from stacking grids such as those illustrated in FIG. 1;
- FIGS. 3a and 3 b illustrate various steps in the process to produce an investment of the present invention; and
- FIGS. 4a-4 h illustrate various steps in the process to produce a casting of the present invention.
- The present invention uses a stereolithography machine manufactured by 3D Systems, Inc. or other lazer/polymer rapid prototype machine to solidify a pattern comprising a series of stacked A-grids having a first predetermined cross section8 and B-
grids 10 having a second predetermined cross section such as those illustrated in FIG. 1. Whengrids 8 and 10 are stacked one on top of the other to form apattern 11, which is a combination of the first and second predetermined cross section, alabyrinth 12 results as illustrated in FIG. 1. Each of the A and B grids have elements that couple sides of the grids. The element of A-grid and an element of B-grid form, for example substantially a 45°, angle or any other angle will achieve satisfactory results. FIG. 2 illustratespattern 11 having anouter skin 14 and an inner labyrinth 12 (see FIG. 1) and agate 16 such that theouter skin 14 includes A-outerskin 14 a and B-outer skin 14 b.Labyrinth 12 allows any unsolidified polymer to drain completely from the inside ofpattern 11 viagate 16.Gate 16 also operates as a vent for the filling process. In the preferred embodiment, one or more drains and one or more vents are recommended. The preferred embodiment is illustrated as having one gate for simplification, however, any number of gates, drains and vents may be provided. Theresulting pattern 11 of three dimensions provides an essential contiguous surface geometry adequately supported by an interior framework. - Referring now to FIGS. 3a and 3 b, the various steps of the process of the present invention are illustrated. In FIG. 3a,
investment 30 is completed by curing the x-y cross sections of the polymer by using an ultraviolet light source. Layers of A-grid and B-grid are constructed in sequential manner asplatform 34 is lowered intovessel 32.Investment 30 is completed by placing it withinvessel 32 through the use of loweringplatform 34. Vessel 32 is filled with an ultravioletcurable liquid 36.Investment 30 is formed byultraviolet light source 38 which is moveable in the x-y directions, curing the ultravioletcurable liquid 36. This process may be completed by any method currently known in the art, such as stereolithography. - In FIG. 3b,
investment 30 is placed onplatform 50, which is oriented for maximum drainage of remainingresin 52 of ultraviolet curable liquid 36 from withininvestment 30. The drainage of the remainingresin 52 is facilitated by thelabyrinth 12. Several orientations of theinvestment 30 may be required depending on the placement of a riser orgate 16.Investment 30 may be drained inside a heated chamber (not shown) to take advantage of the elevated temperature. Use of low viscosity resins as the ultraviolet curable liquid is preferred but not required.Investment 30 may be rinsed thoroughly, for example, in IPA, making sure that remaining ultravioletcurable liquid 52 is not trapped in corners or pockets withininvestment 30.Investment 30 can be soaked in, for example, clean EPA for several hours if required. Preferably,investment 30 should not be exposed to ultrasonic cleaning for more than ten minutes. Any ultravioletcurable liquid 36 on the exterior should be removed from the exterior, for example by wiping the exterior ofinvestment 30. Then, in the preferred embodiment,investment 30 may be allowed to dry, for example for approximately one hour and wiped again.Investment 30 is preferably not soaked in alcohol after the last drying cycle, or the skin may stretch and split on removal. After drying,investment 30 is cured in an ultraviolet oven (not shown) for one and a half minutes at full power. The short postcure of the oven will assure a non-porous skin without warpage.Investment 30 is wiped again if any ultravioletcurable liquid 36 remains on the exterior ofinvestment 30. - Referring to FIG. 4a, the
investments 30 are mounted atgate 16 torunner 60, which is coupled tocentral sprue 62. A plurality ofsimilar investments 30 are mounted toother runners 60, which are all coupled tocentral sprue 62. - Referring to FIG. 4b,
ceramic slurry 64 is prepared intank 66. Theinvestments 30 are dipped or immersed in theceramic slurry 64 so that all theinvestments 30 are completely covered byceramic slurry 64. Although, the dipping of theinvestments 30 may be accomplished by various methods, for example by automatic machine, or FIG. 4b illustrates that theinvestments 30 are dipped by the hand of an operator. Theinvestments 30 may be agitated by rotating and elevatinginvestments 30 so as to completely coverinvestments 30 withceramic slurry 64. - As illustrated in FIG. 4c,
investments 30 are sifted throughrefractory grain 72 to produce a layer ofrefractory grain 72 on the exterior surface of the ceramic slurry coatedinvestments 30. Thecentral sprue 60 is positioned for the siftingrefractory grain 72, for example, by hand to achieve a uniform coating ofrefractory grain 72. Thecentral sprue 60 may be rotated to ensure thatrefractory grain 72 is uniformly coated oninvestment 30. - Multiple layers of
refractory grain 72 are desired to assure a complete and relatively thick coating and achieved by repeating the above dipping step illustrated in FIG. 4b and then by siftinginvestments 30 inrefractory grain 72. In the preferred embodiment, at least nine shell layers are obtained by repeating the dipping and sifting steps illustrated in 4 b and 4 c, respectively. - However, additional layers could be formed in a similar manner.
- Referring to FIG. 4d, the mold material formed from the shell layers is set and dried. Subsequently, heat is applied to the mold and
investment 30 in order to melt the investment from the mold. Referring to FIG. 4e,molds 68 are, for example, inverted and a supply of water and a supply of air are independently coupled tocentral sprue 62 so that the water and air may entercentral sprue 62,runners 60, and the interior ofmolds 68 in order to flushmolds 68 to remove carbon and other trash. The flushing step may be eliminated if the carbon or other trash is not present. The source of water and the source of air are removed fromcentral sprue 62, andmolds 68 are positioned upright to prepare for the reception of heated metal. - Referring to FIG. 4f,
molds 68 are heated, andhot molds 68 are filled with hot metal through thecentral sprue 62 andrunner 60. A filling of the hot metal is facilitated, for example by gravity, pressure/vacuum or centrifugal force to remove any trapped bubbles, obtaining an accurate casting from themold 68. The material ofmold 68 is broken away from the casting as illustrated in FIG. 4g. Subsequently, the castings are removed from thecentral sprue 62. And as illustrated in FIG. 4h, the solidified metal corresponding to thegate 16 of the investment is removed, for example by grinding. - One unique quality of the
hollow investments 30 is that the expansion of theinvestments 30 while heating the investment does not crackmold 68 since thehollow investments 30 expand both inwardly and outwardly, reducing the outward expansion ofinvestment 30. - The operation of the present investment follows:
- The
ultraviolet light source 38forms investment 30 on platform 35 positioned invessel 32 by reacting with the ultravioletcurable liquid 36. Theinvestment 30 is drained of the remaining ultravioletcurable liquid 36. Theinvestment 30 is dried and cured in an ultraviolet oven. - The
investment 30 is mounted onrunner 60, which is coupled tocentral sprue 62. Thecentral sprue 62 including theinvestments 30 is dipped in a ceramic slurry. The ceramic slurry coatedinvestments 30 are sifted by refractory grains to provide a plurality of layers. Theinvestments 30 are heated while attached torunners 60, andinvestment 30 is melted out, forming a mold. An air and a water supply are coupled tocentral sprue 62 in order to supply the interior of the mold with the air and water in order to remove carbon and other trash, purifying the interior of the molds. The molds are heated, and hot metal fills the molds. An accurate casting is achieved by gravity, pressure/vacuum or centrifugal force. The mold material is broken away from the castings and the gate stubs which correspond togate 16 are removed, for example by grinding, from the castings. - The investment is computer and machine generated, which significantly reduces the manual labor and the cycle time for the fabrication of the casting and provides a high degree of part accuracy. The
hollow investment 30 is stable, while enabling consistent burn-out and low ash content. The shell and labyrinth also enables the use of a variety of polymer formulations which may present other benefits such as cost, green strength and safety. - This process generates casting or mold patterns with highly accurate internal and external details in comparison with other wax coating techniques. This is a result of the CAD defined polymer exterior and hollow investment. This new process provides patterns which are compatible with industry accepted casting processes and equipment.
- Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail by way of a preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that this is for example only and that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. A method for fabrication of casting patterns comprising the steps of:
receiving an investment pattern having an outer skin, a fill riser and an inner labyrinth;
curing said investment pattern in an ultraviolet oven;
positioning said investment pattern on a support;
coating said investment pattern in a coating solution;
sifting said coated investment pattern in a refractory medium to form a mold;
removing said investment pattern;
filling said mold with casting material in order to form a casting; and
removing said mold to release said casting.
2. A method for fabrication of casting patterns as in , wherein said receiving step includes the step of draining said inner labyrinth of ultraviolet material.
claim 1
3. A method for fabrication of casting patterns as in , wherein said method further comprises the step of forming the investment pattern from at least two stacks.
claim 1
4. A method for fabrication of casting patterns as in , wherein said method step comprises the step of forming the investment pattern from a first stack having a first predetermined pattern and a second stack having a second predetermined pattern.
claim 1
5. A method for fabrication of casting patterns as in , wherein said method further comprises the step of flushing said mold.
claim 1
6. A method for fabrication of casting patterns as in , wherein said method further comprises the step of flushing said mold -with air and water.
claim 1
7. A method for fabrication of casting patterns as in , wherein said forming step further comprises the step of forming said investment pattern with two stacks, each of said stacks having a different cross section.
claim 3
8. A method for forming a pattern adapted to be used in the production of casting patterns, comprising the steps of:
positioning a first grid to form a first portion of said pattern, said grid having a first cross section;
positioning a second grid to form a second portion of said pattern, said grid having a second cross section;
arranging said first and said second grid so that said second cross section is not aligned with said first cross section; and
curing said pattern in an ultraviolet light source.
9. A method for forming a pattern as in , wherein said curing step includes the step of curing said pattern in an ultraviolet oven.
Claim 8
10. A investment pattern adapted to be used in the production of casting patterns, said investment pattern comprises:
a first stack forming a portion of investment pattern, said first stack having a first cross section;
a second stack forming a portion of the investment pattern, said second stack having a second cross section;
a gate to drain said investment pattern, said first stack and said second stack being positioned adjacent so that liquid ultraviolet solution flows through said gate.
11. An investment pattern as in , wherein each of said grids comprises at least two elements coupling at least two sides of each of said grids.
claim 10
12. An investment pattern as in , wherein each of said at least two elements are substantially perpendicular to the other of said at least two elements.
claim 11
13. An investment pattern as in , wherein a first element of said first grid and a second element of said second grid forms an angle of substantially 45°.
claim 12
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/802,274 US20010032713A1 (en) | 1993-09-24 | 2001-03-08 | Method and apparatus for fabrication of casting from patterns |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12627293A | 1993-09-24 | 1993-09-24 | |
US09/802,274 US20010032713A1 (en) | 1993-09-24 | 2001-03-08 | Method and apparatus for fabrication of casting from patterns |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12627293A Division | 1993-09-24 | 1993-09-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20010032713A1 true US20010032713A1 (en) | 2001-10-25 |
Family
ID=22423935
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/802,274 Abandoned US20010032713A1 (en) | 1993-09-24 | 2001-03-08 | Method and apparatus for fabrication of casting from patterns |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20010032713A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0649691B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH07195141A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69429233T2 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6609043B1 (en) * | 2000-04-25 | 2003-08-19 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Method and system for constructing a structural foam part |
US20100006252A1 (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2010-01-14 | Borgwarner Inc. | Method for rapid generation of multiple investment cast parts such as turbine or compressor wheels |
GB2515773A (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2015-01-07 | Kevin Smith | An improved casting system |
US9481029B2 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2016-11-01 | Hitchiner Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Method of making a radial pattern assembly |
US9486852B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-11-08 | Hitchiner Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Radial pattern assembly |
US9498819B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-11-22 | Hitchiner Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Refractory mold and method of making |
US20180164042A1 (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2018-06-14 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Lost wax cast vapor chamber device |
US10493523B1 (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2019-12-03 | Williams International Co., L.L.C. | Method of producing a cast component |
Families Citing this family (16)
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US5965079A (en) * | 1995-04-25 | 1999-10-12 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for making a three-dimensional object by stereolithography |
US5616293A (en) * | 1995-03-03 | 1997-04-01 | General Motors Corporation | Rapid making of a prototype part or mold using stereolithography model |
AU708428B2 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1999-08-05 | Depuy Orthopaedics, Inc. | Investment casting method yielding cast articles with enhanced surface finish |
EP0748684B1 (en) * | 1995-06-14 | 2000-08-30 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of producing a strong, dimensionally stable object |
GB9524018D0 (en) * | 1995-11-23 | 1996-01-24 | Univ Nottingham | Method of making a three-dimensional article |
WO1999033641A1 (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 1999-07-08 | Molecular Geodesics, Inc. | Foam scaffold materials |
US6641897B2 (en) | 1998-02-13 | 2003-11-04 | The Milwaukee School Of Engineering | Three dimensional object |
US6309581B1 (en) | 1998-02-13 | 2001-10-30 | Milwaukee School Of Engineering | Method of making a three dimensional object |
CA2239443A1 (en) * | 1998-06-03 | 1999-12-03 | Molecular Geodesics, Inc. | Biomimetic materials |
JP4903310B2 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2012-03-28 | ロールス−ロイス・コーポレーション | Equipment for producing cast parts |
US6623687B1 (en) | 1999-08-06 | 2003-09-23 | Milwaukee School Of Engineering | Process of making a three-dimensional object |
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JP2019188426A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2019-10-31 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Core built-in mold production method, method for producing casting, and core built-in mold |
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Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1991006378A1 (en) * | 1989-10-30 | 1991-05-16 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Improved stereolithographic construction techniques |
AU637578B2 (en) * | 1988-08-08 | 1993-06-03 | Dsm N.V. | Photocurable compositions and method of investment casting |
-
1994
- 1994-09-22 DE DE69429233T patent/DE69429233T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-22 EP EP94114945A patent/EP0649691B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-26 JP JP6229927A patent/JPH07195141A/en active Pending
-
2001
- 2001-03-08 US US09/802,274 patent/US20010032713A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6609043B1 (en) * | 2000-04-25 | 2003-08-19 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Method and system for constructing a structural foam part |
US20100006252A1 (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2010-01-14 | Borgwarner Inc. | Method for rapid generation of multiple investment cast parts such as turbine or compressor wheels |
US8770260B2 (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2014-07-08 | Borg Warner Inc. | Method for rapid generation of multiple investment cast parts such as turbine or compressor wheels |
USRE48971E1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2022-03-15 | Hitchiner Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Refractory mold and method of making |
US9481029B2 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2016-11-01 | Hitchiner Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Method of making a radial pattern assembly |
US9486852B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-11-08 | Hitchiner Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Radial pattern assembly |
US9498819B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-11-22 | Hitchiner Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Refractory mold and method of making |
US9833833B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-12-05 | Hitchiner Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Refractory mold and method of making |
USRE49063E1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2022-05-10 | Hitchiner Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Radial pattern assembly |
GB2515773A (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2015-01-07 | Kevin Smith | An improved casting system |
US10493523B1 (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2019-12-03 | Williams International Co., L.L.C. | Method of producing a cast component |
US10451356B2 (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2019-10-22 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Lost wax cast vapor chamber device |
US20180164042A1 (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2018-06-14 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Lost wax cast vapor chamber device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0649691A1 (en) | 1995-04-26 |
DE69429233D1 (en) | 2002-01-10 |
DE69429233T2 (en) | 2002-06-27 |
EP0649691B1 (en) | 2001-11-28 |
JPH07195141A (en) | 1995-08-01 |
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Legal Events
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