CN114256568B - High-power multimode broadband rotary joint - Google Patents
High-power multimode broadband rotary joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN114256568B CN114256568B CN202111382593.9A CN202111382593A CN114256568B CN 114256568 B CN114256568 B CN 114256568B CN 202111382593 A CN202111382593 A CN 202111382593A CN 114256568 B CN114256568 B CN 114256568B
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- circular waveguide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/06—Movable joints, e.g. rotating joints
- H01P1/062—Movable joints, e.g. rotating joints the relative movement being a rotation
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-power multimode broadband microwave rotary joint, and belongs to the technical field of microwave and millimeter waves. The rotary joint comprises a rotor circular waveguide, a stator circular waveguide and a bearing structure which enables the rotor circular waveguide and the stator circular waveguide to rotate relatively; the rotor circular waveguide and the stator circular waveguide are over-mode circular waveguides with the same caliber and superposed central axes, a certain distance exists between the adjacent end surfaces, and a gap waveguide choke structure and a choke coil are arranged; the gap waveguide choke structure comprises an annular groove and a concentric ring array consisting of metal cylinders. According to the invention, through the combination of the gap waveguide structure and the choke coil, the field intensity at the joint of the rotary joint can be effectively reduced, the high-efficiency transmission of microwaves can be realized within the range that the relative bandwidth exceeds 80%, and the advantages of high power capacity and low propagation loss are achieved; meanwhile, the invention has compact structure, belongs to a non-contact rotary joint, supports the transmission of various circular waveguide modes in a rotary joint and has longer service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave and millimeter waves, and particularly relates to a high-power multimode broadband microwave rotary joint.
Background
With the development of national economy, the application of microwaves in aspects such as high-power microwave weapons, super jammers, high-power radars, impact radars, high-energy radio frequency accelerators, plasma heating for controlled thermonuclear fusion and the like is more and more extensive. Meanwhile, with the continuous upgrading of functions, the systems provide new requirements of wider working frequency band, higher power and the like for power sources generating microwaves. At low frequencies, the device itself is larger in size. Even if the base mode is adopted for working, the device can also realize the output of hundreds of millions of watts or even megawatts of power. Therefore, in the low frequency band, most high power microwave sources use rectangular waveguide TE 10 Mode or circular waveguide TE 11 Mode, TM 01 Mode equal low order modeAnd (6) outputting the formula. In the high frequency range, the devices usually use higher order modes such as TE in order to generate high power 01 The mode is an operating mode. In order to transmit the high-power microwave output by the power source to the antenna, the high-power transmission line matched with the output mode of the power source is used for transmitting and manipulating the microwave.
The rotary joint is an important functional device on a high-power microwave transmission line, can ensure normal transmission of electromagnetic energy in a feeder line while the high-power transmission line performs mechanical rotation, and is a key device for ensuring that a mechanical scanning radar can smoothly transmit and receive electromagnetic waves in all directions. Generally, a rotary joint is formed by interconnecting a rotor, a stator and a choke structure, with a gap between the stator and the rotor so that rotation of the two can occur. But the discontinuity of the wave guide structure causes problems of microwave leakage and increased reflection. More seriously, under the condition of high power, the discontinuity of the wave guide structure easily causes the local field intensity of the system to be too strong, so that the power breakdown of the system is caused. The choke structure is used for achieving the purpose of high-efficiency microwave transmission while achieving mechanical rotation. In order to apply the high-power microwave source to a system better, a high-power broadband microwave rotary joint needs to be developed.
The circularly symmetric mode is less affected in the rotation process of the rotary joint, and the polarization direction of an output beam cannot be changed due to the rotation of the structure, so that the circularly symmetric mode is a common working mode of the conventional rotary joint. For outputting power from a power source to a rectangular waveguide TE 10 Mode transfer to the scanning antenna of the radar, muhammad Tayyab Azim et al designed TE 10 -TEM-TM 01 For converting a linear polarization mode into a circularly symmetric mode TM 01 Mode, a transmission loss of less than 0.65dB is achieved, but the bandwidth is only 8.3% (Muhammad T.A., junhyong P., and Seong-Ook P., "contact line roller Joint at Ku-Band", IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, volume:29, issue. Similarly, liang Zhao et al designed a rotary joint fed by a substrate integrated waveguide by adding a coupling element at the end of the SIW exciting the TEM mode in the coaxial line and treating it as a spinThe working mode of the rotary joint enables the rotary joint to reach 25% of relative bandwidth (L.ZHao, J.Shi, and K.xu, "Broadband basic rotary joint with simple substrate integrated wave guide feed", IEEE Access, vol.7, pp.499-139503, 2019). The two rotary joints are designed by adopting two sections of quarter-wavelength cascade branch lines with different impedances as choke structures, wherein one section is connected with a joint, and the other section is short-circuited. The influence of the rotary joint gap on the electromagnetic waves in the waveguide can be minimized by changing the impedance of the cascaded branch line by controlling the thickness of the choke groove in the branch line. Under the distance of half wavelength, the joint of the rotary joint is equivalent to a short circuit, so that the energy of the electromagnetic wave is smooth. The operating frequency of such a choke structure is highly dependent on the spur length and therefore has a relatively limited operating bandwidth. At the same time, the cascading of multiple mode transitions may also limit the operating bandwidth of the rotary joint. More importantly, the rotary joints based on the structures such as the coaxial waveguide and the SIW limit the power capacity of the whole device, so that the rotary joints cannot be applied to a high-power microwave system.
In order to meet the application of a high-power system, daniel Haas proposes a rotary joint based on a corrugated-groove waveguide structure. By combining a corrugated slot waveguide and a reflective polarizer, beam rotation and efficient transmission can be achieved, even in the W-band, which still exhibits good performance (Haas, d.&Jelonnek, J. "Broadband Rotary Joint Concept for High-Power radio Applications", J incorporated Milli Terahz Waves 42,107-116, 2021). The key to achieving high performance of the rotary joint is that the working mode is HE 11 And (5) molding. To TE 11 Other modes, e.g. mode, HE 11 The mode has good collimation, the field intensity distribution is mainly concentrated in the center of the waveguide, and no strong fringe field exists. Even if a large gap is left, the transmission of the wave beam is not influenced, and microwave leakage is not caused. However, the use of such high power rotary joints requires converting the pattern of the power source output to HE 11 Mode(s). The use of a mode conversion link can make high power systems prohibitively complex.
In summary, the conventional rotary joint is designed to implement efficient transmission of microwaves while rotating a waveguide structure by introducing mode conversion or polarization conversion according to the characteristics of an operating mode. The rotary joint designed according to the working mode characteristics has a distinct mode selection characteristic and can only work in a single mode.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to meet the performance requirements of high-power microwave radars, the invention provides a novel high-power multimode broadband microwave rotary joint technical scheme to meet the application requirements of different high-power microwave systems, and the technical scheme considers the working bandwidth, transmission loss and structural compactness of the rotary joint and also considers the common circular waveguide working mode.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-power multimode broadband rotary joint comprises a rotor circular waveguide, a stator circular waveguide and a bearing structure; the rotor circular waveguide and the stator circular waveguide are overmoded circular waveguides with the same caliber and overlapped central axes, and relative rotation is realized through a bearing structure; the adjacent end faces of the rotor circular waveguide and the stator circular waveguide have a certain distance, and the rotor circular waveguide and the stator circular waveguide can rotate relatively.
The rotary joint is characterized by further comprising a gap waveguide choke structure arranged at the end faces of the rotor circular waveguide and the stator circular waveguide;
the gap waveguide choke structure comprises an annular groove arranged on the end face of the stator circular waveguide and a metal cylindrical array arranged in the annular groove; the metal cylinder array comprises 3 concentric ring arrays arranged at equal intervals, each concentric ring array consists of N metal cylinders which are uniformly distributed, and half period is staggered between every two adjacent concentric ring arrays, so that any metal cylinder and two adjacent metal cylinders form an isosceles triangle. The structure is used as a main choking structure of the rotary joint to inhibit electromagnetic waves from leaking out of a port gap.
Furthermore, the depth of the annular groove is 0.25-0.35 lambda, and the distance between the adjacent concentric ring arrays is 0.3-0.4 lambda; in the same ring, the center distance between adjacent metal cylinders is 0.3-0.4 lambda; the diameter of the metal cylinder is 0.15-0.2 lambda, the height is 0.25-0.35 lambda, and is not higher than the depth of the groove.
Further, the distance between the annular groove and the inner wall of the circular stator waveguide is lambda/4; wherein, λ is the guided wave wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the rotary joint working mode. This transition is essentially a quarter wave impedance transformer, converting an open circuit at the seam to a short circuit, thereby reducing reflections at the seam.
Furthermore, a choke coil of an annular groove structure is arranged on the outer side of the annular groove, the distance between the inner wall of the choke coil and the outer wall of the annular groove where the gap waveguide choke structure is located is lambda/4, the width of the choke coil groove is 0.1-0.2 lambda, and the depth of the choke coil groove is 0.2-0.3 lambda. The structure is used as an impedance transformer outside the gap waveguide choke structure to further reduce the electric field which is not completely inhibited in the gap waveguide choke structure and inhibit the leakage of microwaves.
Further, the distance between the adjacent end faces of the rotor circular waveguide and the stator circular waveguide is 0.1mm.
Further, the bearing structure comprises a bearing main body, a bearing inner retainer ring, a bearing outer retainer ring and a bearing outer retainer wall. The bearing outer retaining wall is fixedly connected with the rotor circular waveguide, and the bearing main body is arranged between the stator circular waveguide and the bearing outer retaining wall; the bearing inner retainer ring and the bearing outer retainer ring are positioned on the end face of the bearing facing the stator direction and are respectively connected with the stator circular waveguide and the rotor circular waveguide outer retainer wall, and the positions of the bearings are jointly fixed, so that the bearings do not generate relative displacement except rotation.
In order to meet the requirements of high-power microwave transmission and multimode operation, the invention adopts two over-mode circular waveguides with the same caliber and superposed central axes as the main waveguides of the rotary joint. A small space exists between the two adjacent end faces, so that the two adjacent end faces can realize relative rotation without contact.
In order to prevent electromagnetic wave energy from leaking from the end face gap, the invention designs a gap waveguide choke structure at the end face as a main choke structure of the rotary joint. The gap waveguide choke structure is a periodic structure, one side of the periodic structure is a smooth metal plane, the other side of the periodic structure is a metal cylinder periodic array, and different parts of the periodic structure do not need to be electrically contacted, so that the structural requirement of the rotary joint is well met. The metal cylinder periodic array can simulate a high-impedance plane and form an electromagnetic band gap structure with the metal plane to prevent electromagnetic waves from propagating in the parallel plate waveguide. Meanwhile, the periodic unit has a quite wide electromagnetic forbidden band, and the work bandwidth of the rotary joint can be effectively improved by introducing the periodic unit into a choking structure.
Through researching the arrangement mode of the metal cylinders, the metal cylinder array arranged in the concentric rings has higher rotational symmetry compared with the horizontal and vertical arrangement mode and the triangular arrangement mode. When the metal cylinders of the adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered concentric ring mode of a half period, the periodic continuity of the metal cylinder array is further improved, and the excellent suppression effect can be kept on electromagnetic waves input in different electric field directions.
For higher order modes with higher cutoff frequencies, which guide a larger wavelength, a smaller arrangement period and cell size are required to suppress propagation, and therefore multimode realization must be achieved at the expense of reduced bandwidth. The aforementioned quarter-wave impedance transformation structure also creates multimode and bandwidth trade-off problems. The design scheme of the rotary joint does not need to use a mode conversion structure, so that the rotary joint can be not limited to the input of a specific mode. The applicability to a plurality of propagation modes requires a choke structure having a characteristic of broadband operation, while the gap waveguide choke structure has a considerably wide forbidden band width, and can maintain good suppression of electromagnetic waves in one band even in consideration of a plurality of adjacent modes. For high power microwave radar systems required, TE 01 Higher order modes above the mode are rarely used in rotary joints and can pass through TE 01 The cut-off frequency of the mode determines the caliber of the over-mode circular waveguide, thereby inhibiting the generation of higher-order modes. TE 01 The field intensity of the mode is concentrated at the center of the circular waveguide, the fringe field is small, and the mode hardly leaks from the seam even if a corresponding choking structure is not provided; and TE 11 The lower order modes have similar cut-off frequencies, and the rotary joint still has enough bandwidth even if the modes are considered simultaneously, so that the optional joint can meet the requirements of multiple modes and broadband simultaneously.
The invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1. the invention can effectively reduce the field intensity at the joint of the rotary joint by combining the gap waveguide structure and the choke coil structure, is suitable for the transmission of high-power microwaves, and has high power capacity and low propagation loss.
2. The microwave transmission device is based on the gap waveguide technology, has wide working frequency, and can realize high-efficiency transmission of microwaves within the range that the relative bandwidth exceeds 80%.
3. The invention omits the mode conversion structure, has more compact integral structure, is not limited to the input of a specific mode, and can support the transmission of a plurality of circular waveguide modes in the rotary joint.
4. The invention can flexibly adjust the size of the periodic structure according to the requirement, thereby meeting the requirement on the working frequency band in actual use.
5. The invention belongs to a non-contact rotary joint, reduces the abrasion of a connecting part and has longer service life.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an internal structural view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a stator portion of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is S of an embodiment of the present invention 21 And S 11 A graph;
FIG. 5 is a graph of electric field strength in the radial direction at a revolute joint according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals of the attached drawings indicate that 1 is a rotor circular waveguide, 2 is a stator circular waveguide, 3 is a bearing outer retaining wall, 4 is a bearing outer retaining ring, 5 is a bearing inner retaining ring, 6 is a packaging shell, 7 is a bearing main body, 8 is a gap waveguide choke structure, 9 is a choke coil, 10 is a screw, 11 is an annular groove of the gap waveguide choke structure, and 12 is a metal cylinder.
Detailed Description
The following describes a specific implementation mode of a Ku-band non-contact type high-power microwave rotary joint with reference to the accompanying drawings, with the design goal of meeting the indexes of a Ku-band high-power cyclotron traveling wave pipe system.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the high-power multimode broadband rotary joint comprises a rotor circular waveguide 1, a stator circular waveguide 2, a gap waveguide choke structure 8, a choke structure 9 and a connecting structure; the rotor circular waveguide 1 and the stator circular waveguide 2 are overmoded circular waveguides with the same caliber and overlapped central axes, the radius of the overmoded circular waveguides is 25mm, and relative rotation is realized through a bearing structure; the gap waveguide choke structures 8 and the choke coil structures 9 are provided at adjacent end faces of the rotor circular waveguide 1 and the stator circular waveguide 2. The interval of terminal surface is 0.1mm, guarantees that both can realize relative rotation.
As shown in fig. 3, the gap waveguide choke structure 8 includes an annular groove 11 disposed on an end surface of the stator circular waveguide 2, and a metal cylinder array disposed in the annular groove. The width of the annular groove 11 is 25mm, the depth is 6mm, and the distance between the inner wall of the annular groove and the inner wall of the circular stator waveguide is 5mm. The metal cylinder array comprises 3 concentric ring arrays which are arranged at equal intervals, each concentric ring array consists of 30 metal cylinders which are uniformly distributed, and half period is staggered between every two adjacent concentric ring arrays. In this example, the metal cylinder 12 has a radius of 1.75mm and a height of 6mm; the distance between the concentric rings of the innermost layer and the center of the circular waveguide is 35.5mm, and the distance between the adjacent concentric rings is 7.1mm.
The choke structure 9 is a second annular groove on the stator plane, the groove width is 2mm, the depth is 6mm, and the distance between the inner wall of the groove and the outer wall of the annular groove where the gap waveguide choke structure 8 is located is 5mm.
The bearing structure comprises a bearing outer retaining wall 3, a bearing outer retaining ring 4, a bearing inner retaining ring 5 and a bearing main body 7. The bearing outer baffle wall 3 is fixedly connected with the rotor circular waveguide 1 and is respectively attached to the outer wall and the inner wall of the bearing main body 7 together with the stator circular waveguide wall 2. The rotor circular waveguide 1 is used as the top, the other direction is used as the bottom, the bearing inner retainer ring 5 and the bearing outer retainer ring 4 are positioned at the bottom of the bearing main body 7 and are respectively connected with the stator circular waveguide 2 and the bearing outer retainer wall 3, and the positions of the bearing main body 7 are jointly fixed, so that the bearing main body does not generate relative displacement except rotation. The structures are connected through rivet structures.
At the bottom of the rotary joint, the bottom of the bearing structure is packaged through a packaging shell 6, so that the bearing structure is conveniently connected with other transmission links.
FIG. 4 shows TE in this embodiment 11 And TM 01 S-parameter curve of the pattern. Wherein S is 11 Is a reflection curve, S 21 Is a transmission curve. In the frequency band of 8-20GHz, the rotary joint TE 11 The insertion loss of the mode is lower than 0.02dB, the reflection coefficient is lower than-35 dB, and the transmission performance is excellent. TM 01 The mode also has good insertion loss and return loss.
FIG. 5 shows TE in the radial direction at the joint of the rotary joint in this embodiment 11 And TM 01 The electric field strength of the mode. The measurement line is shown as being in the most general direction of the rotating joint fringing field. The electric field strength on the measuring line in the frequency band of 8-20GHz was obtained by simulation, and the maximum electric field strength thereof is shown in fig. 5. As can be seen from the figure, TE 11 The maximum electric field intensity of the mode leaking at the joint is 400v/m, and the electric field intensity at the position with the distance exceeding 5mm from the circular waveguide is almost 0, so that the effective inhibition of the gap waveguide choke structure on microwave propagation is proved. These results all indicate that the rotary joint can effectively prevent the leakage of microwaves. The rotary joint has excellent transmission performance and the working bandwidth exceeds 80 percent. The power capacity of the rotary joint can reach 50MW according to the power capacity formula.
The above examples are merely for convenience of explanation, and the present invention is also applicable to circular waveguide rotary joints of other frequency bands. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which are within the spirit and scope of the invention should be considered as being equivalent to the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A high-power multimode broadband rotary joint comprises a rotor circular waveguide, a stator circular waveguide and a bearing structure; the rotor circular waveguide and the stator circular waveguide are overmoded circular waveguides with the same caliber and overlapped central axes, and relative rotation is realized through a bearing structure; the adjacent end surfaces of the rotor circular waveguide and the stator circular waveguide have a certain distance to ensure that the rotor circular waveguide and the stator circular waveguide can realize relative rotation;
the rotating joint is characterized by further comprising a gap waveguide choking structure arranged at the end faces of the rotor circular waveguide and the stator circular waveguide;
the gap waveguide choke structure comprises an annular groove arranged on the end face of the stator circular waveguide and a metal cylindrical array arranged in the annular groove; the metal cylinder array comprises 3 concentric ring arrays arranged at equal intervals, each concentric ring array consists of N metal cylinders which are uniformly distributed, and half period is staggered between every two adjacent concentric ring arrays, so that any metal cylinder and two adjacent metal cylinders form an isosceles triangle.
2. The high-power multimode broadband rotary joint of claim 1, wherein the depth of the annular groove is 0.25-0.35 λ, and the spacing between adjacent concentric ring arrays is 0.3-0.4 λ; in the same ring, the center distance between adjacent metal cylinders is 0.3-0.4 lambda; the diameter of the metal cylinder is 0.15-0.2 lambda, the height is 0.25-0.35 lambda, and the depth is not higher than the depth of the groove; and lambda is the guided wave wavelength corresponding to the working mode center frequency of the rotary joint.
3. The high-power multimode broadband rotary joint according to claim 2, wherein the distance between the annular groove and the inner wall of the circular waveguide of the stator is λ/4.
4. A high-power multimode broadband rotary joint according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the choke coil of the annular groove structure is arranged outside the annular groove, and the distance between the inner wall of the choke coil and the outer wall of the annular groove in which the gap waveguide choke structure is arranged is λ/4; the choke groove has a width of 0.1-0.2 lambda and a depth of 0.2-0.3 lambda.
5. A high power multimode broadband rotary joint according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the distance between the adjacent end faces of the rotor circular waveguide and the stator circular waveguide is 0.1mm.
6. The high-power multimode broadband rotary joint according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the bearing structure comprises a bearing main body, a bearing inner retainer ring, a bearing outer retainer ring and a bearing outer retainer wall; the bearing outer retaining wall is fixedly connected with the rotor circular waveguide, and the bearing main body is arranged between the stator circular waveguide and the bearing outer retaining wall; the bearing inner retainer ring and the bearing outer retainer ring are positioned on the end face of the bearing facing the stator direction and are respectively connected with the stator circular waveguide and the rotor circular waveguide outer retainer wall, and the positions of the bearings are jointly fixed, so that the bearings do not generate relative displacement except rotation.
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| CN111934063A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-11-13 | 西安电子科技大学 | Non-contact ultra-wideband waveguide rotary joint, control system, method and application |
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| CN110661063B (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2021-10-01 | 嘉兴恩碧技电气有限公司 | Substrate integrated waveguide feed broadband coaxial rotary joint |
| CN211376894U (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-08-28 | 零八一电子集团四川力源电子有限公司 | High-power broadband rotary joint |
| CN111934066B (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2022-03-04 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Broadband non-contact circular waveguide rotary joint and design method |
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