CN114252778A - Method and device for individually determining the state of charge of a battery-operated machine as a function of the state of aging of the battery - Google Patents

Method and device for individually determining the state of charge of a battery-operated machine as a function of the state of aging of the battery Download PDF

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CN114252778A
CN114252778A CN202111122389.3A CN202111122389A CN114252778A CN 114252778 A CN114252778 A CN 114252778A CN 202111122389 A CN202111122389 A CN 202111122389A CN 114252778 A CN114252778 A CN 114252778A
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battery
model
state
charge
ref
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C·西莫尼斯
C·沃尔
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining the state of charge of a battery in a battery-operated machine, comprising the following steps: -determining an aging state of the battery based on the operating parameter of the battery using an aging state model; -providing at least one reference battery model parameter as a function of the state of ageing by means of a parametric model; -adapting the at least one reference battery model parameter by means of a corresponding correction variable, which is determined by means of a correction model as a function of the instantaneous operating variable of the battery; -using a battery model for determining a current state of charge of the battery from battery model parameters, said battery model parameters being obtained by loading said at least one reference battery model parameter with the respective correction parameter; -informing said current state of charge.

Description

Method and device for individually determining the state of charge of a battery-operated machine as a function of the state of aging of the battery
Technical Field
The present invention relates to battery-powered machines, in particular motor vehicles, such as electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles, and also to measures for determining the state of charge of a battery.
Background
The energy supply of electrically drivable electric machines, such as electrically drivable motor vehicles, takes place by means of a battery as an electrical energy store. When operating an electrically drivable motor vehicle, information about the current state of charge of the battery is important. On the one hand, the driver or the navigation system requires information about the current state of charge for planning a possible stop in order to carry out the charging process if necessary. On the other hand, state of charge is essential for energy management, in particular for implementing hybrid strategies in hybrid propulsion systems.
In addition to the functions for operating the battery, state of charge models are also stored in today's battery control devices, which enable the current state of charge to be determined from curves of battery current, battery voltage, battery temperature, etc. Furthermore, the state of charge model is parameterized using a number of parameters that can also take into account the previous load of the battery. As main parameters, the state of charge model has a no-load voltage, an internal resistance, a parallel resistance of the RC element, and a capacitance capacity of the RC element, which depend on the degree of aging of the battery. The consideration of the aging of the battery in the corresponding state of charge model is currently only inadequately implemented in the battery control unit, since the aging state can now be specified with insufficient accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the present invention, a method for determining the state of charge of a battery-operated machine according to claim 1 and a method for operating a central unit to provide a reference state of charge, a method for operating a battery-operated machine and a corresponding device according to the independent claims are specified.
Further developments are given in the dependent claims.
According to a first aspect, a method for operating a system for determining the state of charge of a battery in a battery-powered machine is specified, comprising the following steps:
-determining an aging state of the battery based on the battery operating parameter using the aging state model;
-providing at least one reference battery model parameter as a function of the state of aging by means of a parametric model;
-adapting at least one reference battery model parameter by means of a corresponding correction variable, which is determined from the correction model as a function of the instantaneous operating variable of the battery;
-using a state of charge model for determining a current state of charge of the battery from battery model parameters obtained by loading at least one reference battery model parameter with respective correction parameters;
-notifying the current state of charge.
Knowledge of the current state of charge of the battery is essential for the operation of a motor vehicle with a battery. The state of charge changes continuously during active operation due to charge consumption, wherein the type of operating mode is determined in a non-linear manner: how the state of charge of the battery decreases when a certain charge is consumed, or increases when a charge increase is performed in the form of a regeneration process (braking energy recovery).
The current state of charge is usually determined by means of a state of charge model, which specifies the current state of charge of the battery by means of operating variables of the battery, such as the battery current, the battery temperature and the battery voltage. Here, the state of charge is generally given as a percentage of the maximum charge capacity when the battery is fully charged. Battery model parameters, with the aid of which the state of charge is determined, include, in particular, the no-load voltage of the individual cells of the battery, the internal resistance values and the parallel resistance values of the RC element and the capacitor capacity. The battery model parameters in turn depend on the state of aging of the battery.
The state of charge model includes a battery model and an assignment model. The battery model is used to determine the voltage of the battery or the cell voltage corresponding to the terminal voltage of an individual battery cell by means of battery model parameters. The distribution model is used to output the current state of charge based on the current state of aging of the battery, the current temperature and the modeled no-load voltage (cell voltage). An assignment model is created and implemented based on the measurements to assign the modeled no-load voltage to the state of charge.
The state of aging of the battery can be estimated from the operating parameters of the battery based on a predetermined state of aging model.
Configuring the battery model data on the basis of the battery model parameters relevant to the state of aging and the current operating parameters which indicate the current operating state is very complicated, in particular because an aging state model is required for determining the state of aging, which aging state model is also required to be configured with data in a more complicated manner. The implementation in battery-operated devices, in particular in mobile machines, is therefore very resource-intensive.
A method for determining the state of charge precisely, in particular as a function of the determined state of aging of the battery, is therefore proposed.
For this purpose, a model structure is first provided in order to provide reference cell model parameters by means of a parametric model as a function of the determined state of aging. The battery model parameters thus determined can each be subjected to a correction variable, which is generated by the correction model. For this purpose, the correction model uses the operating state determined from the current operating variable of the battery in order to determine the correction variable continuously in each case, in particular as a function of the current state of charge.
This model structure enables a resource-saving implementation of the model, with which the current state of charge can be determined very precisely. This enables a user of the machine to use the information relating to the current state of charge to plan a possible stop for the charging process and/or to determine the remaining range and the available power very accurately. State-of-charge related information is also necessary to implement hybrid strategies in hybrid drive systems.
According to one embodiment, the aging state model and the parameter model can be implemented outside the machine in a central unit, wherein the operating variables of the battery are transmitted to the central unit, and wherein the at least one reference battery model parameter is transmitted to the machine by the central unit.
By means of such a distributed architecture, the resource consumption in the machine can be reduced. This enables the use of an aging state model for determining the current aging state of a specific battery very accurately outside the machine, in particular by evaluating fleet data of a large number of battery-driven machines. The reference cell model parameters can then be assigned to the aging state by means of a parameter characteristic field.
The implementation of the parametric characteristic field in the central unit also enables a continuous refinement/updating of the parametric model for improved state of charge determination. By transmitting the reference battery model parameters to the relevant machine, the battery model can be used there in the state of charge model together with the reference battery model parameters for calculating the current state of charge. For this purpose, the reference battery model parameters are also corrected by means of a correction model as a function of the current operating variables of the battery, so that an exact current state of charge can always be determined.
It is thereby provided that parameters which change slowly, i.e. over a time range of several days or weeks, are calculated in the central unit, while rapidly changing states of charge are calculated from operating parameters which change very rapidly in the relevant machine. This is an optimized compromise between the resource requirements (computing power and memory requirements) in the machines and the required bandwidth for transmitting data between the machines and the central unit of a large number of machines.
In conjunction with an external central unit, a state of charge model relating to the state of aging of the battery can then be provided at any time in the machine, which enables the current state of charge to be modelled to be provided. The modeled current state of charge thus provides a certain redundancy for the state of charge derived from the measured cell voltage or the terminal voltage of the battery, and on the other hand, an improved prediction of the remaining range, which is derived from the predicted battery current and battery temperature curves on the basis of the respective current state of charge models, can thereby be achieved.
Furthermore, the correction model can specify relevant correction variables for the at least one reference battery model parameter as a function of the current battery current, the current battery temperature and the current state of charge of the battery.
It can be provided that the correction model is formed for at least one reference cell model parameter by means of one or more characteristic fields.
In addition, the updating of the reference battery model parameters can be performed periodically or at predetermined points in time.
Furthermore, an aging state can be transmitted from the central unit to the machine, wherein the correction model is selected for the at least one reference battery model parameter from a plurality of provided correction models as a function of the aging state from the plurality of correction models.
It can be provided that the state of charge model models a current cell voltage corresponding to a no-load voltage of a cell of the battery, wherein the current modeled cell voltage is mapped onto the current state of charge by means of a predetermined distribution model.
In particular, it is possible to compare the current modeled cell voltage with the measured cell voltage and to request an update of the reference cell model parameters by the central unit depending on the deviation.
According to a further aspect, a method for operating a central unit for providing reference battery model parameters for a battery-operated machine, in particular for the above-described method, is specified, having the following steps:
-receiving an operating parameter of the battery;
-determining an aging state of the battery based on the operating parameter of the battery using the aging state model;
-providing at least one reference battery model parameter as a function of the state of aging by means of a predetermined parametric model.
According to another aspect, a method for operating a battery-operated machine for determining the state of charge of a battery in the machine is specified, having the following steps:
-receiving at least one reference battery model parameter;
adapting at least one reference battery model parameter by means of a corresponding correction variable, which is determined from the correction model as a function of the instantaneous operating variable;
-using a state of charge model for determining a current state of charge of the battery from battery model parameters, said battery model parameters being obtained by loading at least one reference battery model parameter with respective correction parameters;
-notifying the current state of charge.
According to a further aspect, a system for determining a battery state of charge in a battery-operated machine is specified, wherein the system is designed to:
-determining an aging state of the battery based on the operating parameter of the battery using the aging state model;
-providing at least one reference battery model parameter as a function of the state of aging by means of a parametric model;
adapting at least one reference battery model parameter by means of a corresponding correction variable, which is determined from the correction model as a function of the instantaneous battery operating variable;
-using a battery model for determining a current state of charge of the battery from battery model parameters, said battery model parameters being obtained by loading at least one reference battery model parameter with a respective correction parameter (K);
-notifying the current state of charge.
According to a further aspect, an apparatus, in particular a data processing unit in a central unit, is specified for providing reference battery model parameters for a battery-operated machine, in particular for the method described above, wherein the apparatus is designed for:
-receiving an operating parameter of the battery;
-determining an aging state of the battery based on the battery operating parameter using the aging state model;
-providing at least one reference battery model parameter as a function of the state of aging by means of a predetermined parametric model.
According to another aspect, a device, in particular a control unit in a battery-operated machine, for determining the state of charge of a battery in the machine is specified, having the following steps:
-receiving at least one reference battery model parameter;
adapting at least one reference battery model parameter by means of a corresponding correction variable, which is determined from the correction model as a function of the instantaneous operating variable;
-using a battery model for determining a current state of charge of the battery from battery model parameters, said battery model parameters being obtained by loading at least one reference battery model parameter with respective correction parameters;
-notifying the current state of charge.
Furthermore, one of the above-described devices can be provided in motor vehicles, electric bicycles, aircraft, in particular unmanned planes, machine tools and/or household appliances.
Drawings
The embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for providing battery model parameters based on fleet data by a central unit on a motor vehicle of a fleet of vehicles;
FIG. 2 is a schematic functional block diagram of a process for determining a modeled state of charge of a battery of a particular motor vehicle in a fleet;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method for determining a modeled state of charge in a motor vehicle;
FIG. 4 is an exemplary illustration of a characteristic field of a correction model for determining correction quantities; and
FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method for updating a state of charge model.
Detailed Description
The method according to the invention is described below with the aid of a vehicle battery as a battery in a large number of motor vehicles as battery-operated machines. In a motor vehicle, a state of charge model for the respective battery can be implemented in the control unit. The state of charge model can be continuously updated or corrected or re-parameterized by means of the central unit on the basis of operating parameters of the vehicle batteries from the fleet.
The above examples represent a large number of stationary or mobile machines with a power supply independent of the power grid, such as vehicles (electric cars, electric bicycles, etc.), appliances, machine tools, household appliances, IOT devices, etc., which are connected to a central unit (cloud) via a corresponding communication connection (e.g., LAN, internet).
Fig. 1 shows a system 1 with a central unit 2 which is connected in combination with a plurality of motor vehicles 4 in a fleet 3. One of the motor vehicles 4 is shown in more detail in fig. 1 as representative of the other motor vehicles.
The motor vehicle 4 has a battery 41 (traction battery), which is a rechargeable electrical energy accumulator, an electric drive motor 42 and a control unit 43, which together form a drive system as known from the prior art.
The control unit 43 is connected to a communication module 44 suitable for transmitting data between the respective motor vehicle 4 and the central unit 2 (the so-called cloud). The operating variables of the battery are detected in a manner known per se by means of a sensor device 45.
The central unit 2 has: a data processing unit 21 in which the method described below can be performed; and a database 22 for storing aging status curves of the batteries in a large number of vehicles 4 of the platoon 3.
The operating parameter represents at least a parameter related to an aging state of the battery. The operating variable F can indicate a profile of the battery current, a profile of the battery voltage (terminal voltage), a profile of the battery temperature and a profile of the state of charge. The operating parameter F is detected in a fast time grid of 2-100 Hz and can be transmitted to the central unit 2 periodically in uncompressed and/or compressed form. For example, the time series can be transmitted to the central unit 2 in blocks at intervals of 10 minutes to several hours.
From the operating variable F, two operating characteristics can be generated in the central unit 2 or, in other embodiments, already in the respective motor vehicle 4, which operating characteristics relate to the evaluation period. The operating characteristic is used to determine the aging state. These operating characteristics are determined for successive evaluation periods of several hours (for example six hours) to several weeks (for example one month), respectively. A common value for the evaluation period is one week.
The operating characteristics can include, for example, characteristics associated with the evaluation period and/or cumulative characteristics and/or statistical variables determined over the service life to date. In particular, the operating characteristics can include, for example: temperature, battery voltage, histogram data of the battery current with respect to a state of charge variation curve, in particular with respect to a battery temperature distribution over the state of charge, a charging current distribution over the temperature and/or a discharging current distribution over the temperature, cumulative total charge (Ah), an increase in average capacity during charging (in particular for charging processes in which the charge increment is above a threshold fraction (for example 20%) of the total battery capacity), a maximum value of differential capacity (dQ/dU: change in charge divided by change in battery voltage), etc.
Furthermore, a parametric model is implemented in the central unit 2, which provides reference battery model parameters P for the battery model of the state of charge model as a function of the state of aging of the relevant battery 41 of the motor vehicle 4ref. Reference battery model parameter PrefThe electrical model parameters used as the physical battery model with which the state of charge SOC of the relevant battery 41 should be determined together with the allocation model.
A block diagram is shown in detail in fig. 2 to illustrate the functions performed in the system 1 with the central unit 2 and the respective vehicles 4 of the platoon 3. Fig. 3 accordingly shows a flow chart for explaining the method performed in the system 1. The method can be executed in the control unit 43 of the motor vehicle 4 concerned and in the data processing unit 21 of the central unit 2. In the following, the method for determining the state of charge SOC is described in more detail, for example for motor vehicles 4 of a platoon 3.
In step S1, the operating variable F of the battery 41 is transmitted to the aging state model 51 in the central unit 2 as described above. The operating variables F are combined to form operating characteristics. The operating quantity F and the operating characteristic can be processed for each evaluation period in the physical-based or data-based aging state model 51 to obtain the current aging state SOH.
The state of health (SOH) is a key parameter for indicating the remaining maximum battery capacity or the remaining maximum battery power. The aging state can be expressed as a capacity retention rate (SOH-C) or an increase in internal resistance (SOH-R). The capacity retention rate SOH-C is the ratio of the measured instantaneous capacity to the initial capacity of a fully charged battery. As the battery 41 ages, the relative change in internal resistance SOH-R increases. The aging state can be provided as SOH-C or SOH-R, respectively.
The state of aging SOH of the battery 41 thus modeled is supplied in step S2 to the parametric model 52 in the central unit 2, which can be provided, for example, as a characteristic field, as a look-up table or else functionally or based on data. The parametric model 52 provides reference battery model parameters P for a state of charge model 53 implemented in the vehicles 4 of the fleet 3ref. Reference battery model parameter PrefFor example comprising a no-load voltage UOCVInternal resistance of the battery, parallel resistance, and capacity of one or more RC elements of the battery backup circuit of battery 41. These electrical cell model parameters are subject to aging, so that in the parametric model 52 the electrical reference cell model parameters PrefCan be adapted to the state of ageing SOH of the respective battery 41.
The state of charge model 53 includes a battery model 55 and an allocation model 56. The battery model 55 is used to determine the voltage of the battery and the cell voltage, which corresponds to the terminal voltage of an individual battery cell, from the battery model parameters. The distribution model is used for outputting the current state of charge according to the current aging state of the battery, the current temperature and the modeled no-load voltage. An assignment model is created and implemented based on the measurements to assign the modeled no-load voltage to the state of charge.
Reference battery model parameter PrefDepending to a large extent on the current operating state of the battery 41. Since the current operating state of the battery 41 is not reliably available in the central unit 2 at every point in time, and in order to reduce the amount of time to be transmitted between the motor vehicle and the central unit 2Providing a reference battery model parameter PrefWhich relates to a specific defined reference operating point of the battery 41. For example, reference battery model parameter PrefOne operating point can be involved, for example a battery current of 10A, a battery temperature of 30 ℃ and a state of charge of 50%.
Then, in step S3, the battery model parameter P is referred torefTogether with the current state of ageing, to the respective motor vehicles 4 of the fleet 3.
In order to make reference to the battery model parameter PrefAdapted to the respective state of charge soc (state of charge) and operating state of the battery 41 quickly, said reference battery model parameters P are adapted in a fast time grid between 1 Hz and 100Hz in step S4 by means of the correction model 54ref. The adapted time grid can correspond to a detected time grid of the operating parameter F in the vehicle.
The operating parameters include the current battery current I, the instantaneous battery temperature T and the instantaneous state of charge SOC of the battery 41. Determining the reference cell model parameter P on the basis of these operating variables by means of a corresponding characteristic fieldrefIs referred to as a correction parameter of the battery model parameter. As exemplary in fig. 4 for the reference battery model parameter PrefOne of them shows that this characteristic field is chosen according to the state of aging SOH and is able to output a correction factor k to the relevant reference cell model parameter P based on the current cell current I, the instantaneous cell temperature T and the instantaneous state of charge SOCrefThe correction factor is loaded. Can be implemented in the control unit 43 of the relevant motor vehicle 4 for different states of aging SOH or ranges of states of aging and for the reference battery model parameter PrefEach reference battery model parameter of (a) holds a plurality of such characteristic fields.
The characteristic field exemplarily shown in fig. 4 is directed to the reference cell model parameter PrefOne of which gives a factor according to the instantaneous battery current I and the instantaneous state of charge SOC, and the related reference battery model parameter PrefShould be increased or decreased by the factor. For clarity, the third or further dimension is not shown, e.g.The instantaneous battery temperature. Thus, for the reference battery model parameter PrefEach of which provides a correction factor as a correction parameter K, the reference battery model parameter P provided by the central unit 2refThe adaptation is performed using the correction factor. Reference battery model parameter PrefThe correction variable K can be added by multiplication or addition or in some other way.
In step S5, the battery model 55 is provided with the correction variable K, which is compared with the reference battery model parameter P in the battery model 55refCalculations are performed to obtain the battery model parameters employed.
In step S6, the battery model 55 determines the cell voltage, which is taken into account for determining the current state of charge.
The battery model 55 can be based on Uocv = U-URC1 - URC2I ∗ R0, where Uocv corresponds to the idle voltage, U corresponds to the present battery voltage, I corresponds to the present battery current, R0 corresponds to the series resistance, and U corresponds to the modeled idle voltageRC1And URC2Corresponding to the voltage drop across the series RC element of the battery backup circuit. The current state of charge is determined from the modeled open-load voltage Uocv by evaluating the characteristic fields of the corresponding configuration data according to the assignment model 56.
In general, the cell idle voltage, which corresponds to the terminal voltage of the battery 41 as a function of the current load, is modeled by means of a battery model 55. The modeled cell voltages represent the state of charge and can be assigned to the current state of charge SOC by means of an assignment model 56 (e.g. a look-up table) implemented in the state of charge model 53.
In a subsequent step S7, the current state of charge SOC can be notified for use in subsequent vehicle functions and/or output to the driver.
FIG. 5 shows a flow chart for explaining the method of triggering the reference battery model parameters P for the battery model 55 from the central unit 2refAnd (4) updating. This can be defined, for example, outside the operating time of the motor vehicle 4The point in time or immediately at the start of the run. The method is performed in a control unit 43 of the motor vehicle 4.
The method also provides for referencing the battery model parameters P according to a request from the motor vehicle 4refAnd (6) updating.
In step S11, the no-load voltage of the individual cells of the battery 41 is measured, in particular by means of the sensor device 45.
In step S12, the reliability of the individual cell voltages of the cell cells is checked and a representative value of the cell voltages is calculated from the measured cell voltages, for example by averaging. Other methods can be used, such as outlier elimination or averaging of minimum and maximum cell voltages.
In step S13, the modeled no-load voltage of the battery 41 is determined by means of the above-described battery model 55.
In step S14, it is checked whether there is a deviation exceeding a predetermined threshold between the modeled no-load voltage and the no-load voltage determined in the battery model 55.
If there is no deviation (alternative: No), the method continues with step S11 without requesting updated reference battery model parameters Pref。
If there is a deviation (alternative: yes), the method continues with step S15, wherein the updated reference battery model parameters P are requested by the central unit 2ref。
In step S16, the newly determined reference battery model parameters P are then received in the motor vehicle 4refAnd used in the battery model 55.
In addition, in step S17, an error counter is incremented which is intended to determine the amount of deviation between the measured and modeled dead end voltages over a period of time.
In step S18, it is checked whether a predetermined number of reference battery model parameters P have been made within a predetermined period of time, for example, one week or morerefIs requested newly. If it is determined in step S18 that the reference has been made within a predetermined time period, for example, one weekA predetermined number of new requests for parameters of the battery model (alternative: yes), a defective model or a defective battery is deduced and this is notified as a fault to the driver in step S19. Otherwise, it returns to step S11.

Claims (16)

1. A method for determining a state of charge (SOC) of a battery (41) in a battery-driven machine (4), comprising the steps of:
-determining (S1) a state of aging (SOH) of the battery (41) based on an operating parameter (F) of the battery (41) using an aging state model (51);
-providing (S2) at least one reference battery model parameter (P) as a function of the state of aging (SOH) by means of a parametric model (52)ref）；
-adapting (S5) the at least one reference battery model parameter (P) by means of a corresponding correction variable (K)ref) The correction variable is determined by means of a correction model (54) as a function of the instantaneous operating variable (F) of the battery (41);
-using (S6) a battery model (55) for determining a current state of charge (SOC) of the battery (41) from battery model parameters by giving the at least one reference battery model parameter (P)ref) Loading the corresponding correction parameters (K);
-notifying (S7) the current state of charge (SOC).
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the correction model (54) is the at least one reference battery model parameter (P) depending on a present battery current, a present battery temperature and a present state of charge (SOC) of the battery (41)ref) A relevant correction variable (K) is defined.
3. The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the correction model (54) is for the at least one reference battery model parameter (P)ref) Designed by means of one or more characteristic fields.
4. The method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reference battery model parameter (P)ref) Is periodically or at predetermined points in time.
5. The method of one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the aging state model (51) and the parameter model (52) are implemented outside the machine in a central unit (2), wherein the operating variables of the battery (41) are transmitted to the central unit (2), and wherein at least one reference battery model parameter (P) is transmittedref) Is transmitted to the machine (4) by the central unit (2).
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the state of aging (SOH) is transmitted from the central unit (2) to the machine (4), wherein the correction model (54) is directed to at least one reference battery model parameter (P)ref) From the plurality of provided correction models, a state of aging (SOH) from the plurality of correction models is selected.
7. The method according to any of claims 5 to 6, wherein the battery model (55) models a current cell voltage corresponding to an idle voltage (Uocv) of a cell of the battery (41), wherein the current modeled cell voltage is mapped onto a current state of charge (SOC) by means of a distribution model (56).
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the current modelled cell voltage is compared with the measured cell voltage and an update of the reference battery model parameter (P) is requested by the central unit (2) according to a deviationref）。
9. Method for operating a central unit for providing reference battery model parameters (P) for a battery-operated machine (4)ref) In particular for use in a method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, having the steps of:
-receiving an operating parameter (F) of the battery (41);
-determining (S1) a state of aging (SOH) of the battery (41) based on an operating parameter (F) of the battery (41) using an aging state model (51);
-providing at least one reference battery model parameter (P) as a function of the state of aging (SOH) by means of a predetermined parametric model (52)ref）。
10. A method for operating a battery-driven machine (4) to determine a state of charge (SOC) of a battery (41) in the machine (4), having the steps of:
-receiving (S3) at least one reference battery model parameter (P)ref）；
-adapting the at least one reference battery model parameter (P) by means of a corresponding correction variable (K)ref) The correction variable is determined from a correction model (54) as a function of the instantaneous operating variable (F);
-using (S6) a battery model (55) for determining a current state of charge (SOC) of the battery (41) from battery model parameters by giving the at least one reference battery model parameter (P)ref) Loading the corresponding correction parameters (K);
-notifying (S7) the current state of charge (SOC).
11. A system for determining a state of charge (SOC) of a battery (41) in a battery-driven machine (4), wherein the system is designed to:
-determining a state of aging (SOH) of the battery (41) based on the operating parameter of the battery using an aging state model (51);
-providing at least one reference battery model parameter (P) as a function of the state of aging (SOH) by means of a parametric model (52)ref）；
-adapting the at least one reference battery model parameter (P) by means of a corresponding correction variable (K)ref) The correction variable is determined from a correction model (54) as a function of the instantaneous operating variable of the battery (41);
-using a battery model (55) for determining a current state of charge (SOC) of the battery (41) from battery model parameters by giving said at least one reference battery model parameter (P)ref) Loading the corresponding correction parameters (K);
-informing said current state of charge (SOC).
12. An arrangement, in particular a data processing unit (21) in a central unit (2), for providing reference battery model parameters (P) for a battery-driven machine (4)ref) In particular for a method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the device is designed for:
-receiving an operating parameter (F) of the battery (41);
-determining a state of aging (SOH) of the battery (41) based on an operating parameter of the battery (41) using an aging state model (51);
-providing at least one reference battery model parameter (P) as a function of the state of aging (SOH) by means of a predetermined parametric model (52)ref）。
13. An arrangement, in particular a control unit (43) in a battery-driven machine (4), for determining the state of charge (SOC) of a battery (41) in the machine (4), having the steps of:
-receiving at least one reference battery model parameter (P)ref）；
-adapting the correction parameters (K) by means of corresponding correction parametersThe at least one reference battery model parameter (P)ref) The correction variable is determined from a correction model (54) as a function of the instantaneous operating variable (F);
-using a battery model (55) for determining a current state of charge of the battery (41) from battery model parameters by giving the at least one reference battery model parameter (P)ref) Loading the corresponding correction parameters (K);
-informing said current state of charge (SOC).
14. Use of the device according to claim 13 in motor vehicles, electric bicycles, aircraft, in particular unmanned planes, machine tools and/or household appliances.
15. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by at least one data processing means, cause the data processing means to carry out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
16. A machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by at least one data processing mechanism, cause the data processing mechanism to carry out the steps of a method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
CN202111122389.3A 2020-09-24 2021-09-24 Method and device for individually determining the state of charge of a battery-operated machine as a function of the state of aging of the battery Pending CN114252778A (en)

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