CN114252392A - Method for testing bonding strength of ultrahigh-speed laser cladding coating and matrix - Google Patents
Method for testing bonding strength of ultrahigh-speed laser cladding coating and matrix Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/04—Measuring adhesive force between materials, e.g. of sealing tape, of coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for testing the bonding strength between an ultra-high-speed laser cladding coating and a substrate. Aiming at the problem that the bonding strength of the ultra-thin ultra-high-speed cladding coating and the matrix is difficult to test, the ultra-high-speed laser cladding coating process and the structure design are developed, and the bonding strength test is completed with the help of a self-made clamp. Preparing a multilayer ultra-high speed laser cladding coating on the surface of a matrix, ensuring that the height of the ultra-high speed cladding coating reaches more than 3mm, and increasing the total height of the coating to be close to the thickness of a base material by using the traditional laser cladding technology. And finally, performing a tensile test on the universal testing machine, and analyzing the bonding strength of the coating and the substrate according to the breaking position and the tensile strength curve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of surface engineering, and relates to a method for testing the bonding strength of an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding coating and a matrix.
Background
Laser cladding is a method of adding a cladding material on the surface of a base material and fusing the cladding material and a thin layer on the surface of a base material together by using a laser beam with high energy density, so that a cladding coating which is metallurgically bonded with the cladding material is formed on the surface of the base material. The technology can realize the preparation of a high-performance cladding coating on the surface of a low-cost substrate, and endows the substrate with new performance. The surface of the part is modified by laser cladding, so that the manufacturing period can be shortened, and the rare metal is saved and protected. The research on laser cladding originated in the 70's of the 20 th century and the technology has been greatly developed over more than forty years of development. Coatings prepared by laser cladding techniques have many advantages, such as: the laser cladding process has extremely high cooling speed, so that the coating has fine grains and compact structure, the hardness is relatively high, and the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance are also good. The laser cladding technology is flexible to process, is not influenced by the surface shape of the part, and can realize the repair and reinforcement of the complex surface and the position difficult to process of the part. However, the processing efficiency of laser cladding is not high, which always restricts the wide-range application of the technology in industry.
In order to improve the processing efficiency of laser cladding, ultra-high speed laser cladding is a new technology developed following laser cladding. The ultra-high-speed laser cladding adjusts the intersection position of the powder to the position above a molten pool, the laser beam melts the intersected powder firstly, the residual laser penetrating through the powder is used for heating a base body, more energy of the laser is used for heating the powder, and the deposition rate in the cladding process is greatly improved. Less laser light acts on the substrate, so that the heat affected zone of the substrate is reduced, and the dilution rate is reduced. Although the ultra-high-speed laser cladding inherits a plurality of advantages of the traditional laser cladding and improves the cladding efficiency, the bonding strength of the coating and the substrate is inevitably reduced by extremely low dilution and diffusion.
The interface structure formed by the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology faces complex and harsh service conditions such as heat, force, friction and the like in the use process, and the use of the whole component is influenced once the interface structure fails in the actual service process, so that the progress of industrial production is influenced for parts, and huge economic loss is generated in the stagnant production progress, so that the development of the research on the bonding strength of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding coating and the substrate interface has important significance for popularization and application.
Because of the strong metallurgical bonding formed between the laser cladding and the matrix, the test of the tensile strength of the coating by the general adhesive tape method is limited by the adhesive strength of the adhesive tape, and the shear strength of a single test coating cannot comprehensively reflect the bonding strength of the coating and the matrix. Therefore, the thickness of the coating is increased through the traditional laser cladding, so that the tensile sample can be conveniently prepared. The traditional laser cladding has high dilution rate, so the bonding strength between thickened coatings is higher than that between the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding coating and the substrate, but the bonding area between the first ultrahigh-speed laser cladding coating and the substrate cannot be influenced by the heat affected zone of the traditional laser cladding. Compared with other methods, the method for testing the bonding strength of the coating is more intuitive and convincing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for testing the bonding strength of an ultra-high-speed laser cladding coating and a substrate, which is characterized in that a plate-shaped substrate sample with the thickness of 11-12.5 mm is adopted, firstly, a cladding coating with the thickness of more than 3mm is prepared on the surface of a substrate through multilayer and multi-pass cladding by adopting an ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology, wherein three ultra-high-speed laser cladding process parameters are selected, and a reference is provided for the selection of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding product process parameters. And then, the thickness of the coating is increased to be close to the thickness of the substrate by adopting the traditional laser cladding technology, and then a stretched sheet of a half cladding layer of the half substrate is prepared by a grinding machine and wire cutting. The size thickness of the stretched sheet is 0.75-1 mm; the width is 5-7.5 mm; the total length is 22-25 mm. The test was carried out on a tensile tester with the aid of a self-made jig. The bonding strength of the coating and the matrix is analyzed through a tensile curve obtained by a universal tensile testing machine, and the scheme is simple in process. The experimental data is more visual.
The invention realizes the test of the bonding strength of the coating and the substrate through the following steps.
Early preparation: cleaning the end face of the matrix for cladding with alcohol, removing oil stain, and drying the powder for cladding in a drying oven for 2 h.
Cladding: (1) and (3) preparing a cladding coating with the height of more than 3mm by using a reciprocating motion device and matching with an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding powder feeding head and adopting multilayer cladding. (2) The traditional laser cladding powder feeding head is adopted, and multilayer cladding is adopted. Thickening the cladding coating to be about 0.5mm higher than the thickness of the matrix.
And (3) machining treatment: (1) the thickness of the coating was ground to the same thickness as the substrate using a grinding device. (2) And cutting a thin slice sample with the thickness of 0.75-1 mm by using a linear cutting device.
Preparing a clamp: a plate-shaped material with the length of 100mm, the width of 30mm and the height of 6mm is selected, a clamp is prepared by using linear cutting equipment, the clamp is in clearance fit with a sample, and the clearance is about 0.1 mm. The cut excess was divided into two small pieces in the transverse direction and used as compression test pieces in the tensile test (the connection of the clamp to the test piece is shown in fig. 2).
Stretching: two clamps are fixed at two ends of a tensile testing machine, and the middle of the two clamps is connected by a test sample and is pressed by a thin sheet. And performing a tensile test to obtain a tensile curve of the sample.
And (3) analysis: the position of the stretch-break was observed and the stretch curve was analyzed. (1) The fracture surface is positioned at the joint surface of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding coating and the substrate, the strength limit sigma of the tensile curvebIt is the bonding strength of the ultra-high-speed cladding coating and the matrix. (2) The fracture surface is located in the matrix, the tensile strength limit σ of the tensile curvebThe breaking strength of the substrate is the same as that of the ultrahigh-speed coating, and the bonding strength of the ultrahigh-speed coating and the substrate is higher than that of the substrate. (3) Strength limit σ of tensile curve when fracture surface is in coatingbIs the bonding strength between the coatings. The bonding strength of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding coating and the substrate is higher than that of the coatingThe strength of the bond therebetween.
The invention provides a method for accurately testing the bonding strength of an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding layer and a substrate, which is simple in experimental method and more intuitive in experimental result. The method provides important reference data for the service life of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding coating.
The invention provides three different technological parameters for ultra-high speed laser cladding, and provides reference for the selection of the technological parameters of ultra-high speed laser cladding products. Preferably: the laser power is 800-1000W; the scanning speed is 200-300 mm/s; the powder feeding speed is 3.5-4 r/min; the laser light spot is a circular light spot with the diameter of 1 mm; the lapping rate is more than 70% (the parameters of the specific example are shown in figure 1); and three tensile test samples with different sizes are designed according to the national standard tensile member.
In the multilayer cladding process, the thickness of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding layer is 0.4-0.6 mm, and the thickness of the common laser cladding layer is 1.2-1.5 mm.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a dimensional diagram of three tensile specimens.
Fig. 2 is a drawing schematic.
Examples
The test method is further described below with reference to examples.
In this example, 45 steel was used as the matrix, and commercial powder Ni60 was used as the cladding material. And (3) preparing the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding coating by using a reciprocating motion device and matching with the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding powder feeding head and adopting multilayer cladding. The technological parameters of ultra-high speed laser cladding are as follows: the laser power is 800-1000W, the scanning speed is 200-300 mm/s, the powder feeding rate is 4r/min, and the lap joint rate is 70%. In the examples, three different process parameters were selected as shown in table one, and the effect of laser power and scanning speed on the bonding strength was investigated. The thickness of the ultra-high speed laser cladding coating is about 3 mm. The traditional laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1800W, the scanning speed is 7mm/s, the powder feeding rate is 1.5r/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the coating is thickened to 10-14 mm by adopting the traditional laser cladding. The preparation of subsequent samples was carried out on a grinding machine and a wire cutting apparatus.
All samples were of uniform size as shown in fig. 2, and three sheet tensile tests were prepared for each size sample by passing through the three different process parameters in table one. Each size of sample corresponds to a tensile clamp, and the fit clearance between the clamp and the sample is kept to be about 0.1 mm.
And (3) analyzing an experimental result: and analyzing the bonding strength of the coating according to the tensile curve obtained on the universal tensile testing machine and the breaking position of the sample. The bonding strength of the coating tested by the method is more intuitive.
Table one: ultra-high speed laser cladding process parameters.
Claims (7)
1. The invention relates to a method for testing the bonding strength of an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding coating and a matrix, which is characterized in that a substrate is subjected to multilayer and multi-pass cladding to prepare the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding coating larger than 3mm, the coating thickness of the ultrahigh-speed cladding coating is smaller, so that a thicker coating can be obtained, the coating is increased to be similar to the thickness of the substrate by adopting the traditional laser cladding technology, and finally a sheet sample of a half matrix material and a half cladding layer is processed by a grinding machine and a wire cutting device; and finally, performing a tensile test on the sample by adopting a universal testing machine, and judging the bonding strength of the interface according to the breaking position and the tensile strength curve of the sample.
2. The method for testing the bonding strength of the ultra-high speed laser cladding coating and the substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the size of the sample is reduced in equal proportion to the size of a national standard tensile member.
3. The method for testing the bonding strength of the ultra-high speed laser cladding coating and the substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of the ultra-high speed laser cladding coating is above 3mm, so as to avoid the influence of the heat input of the conventional laser cladding on the bonding strength of the ultra-high speed laser cladding coating and the substrate when the ultra-high speed laser cladding coating is thickened by the conventional laser cladding.
4. The method for testing the bonding strength of the ultra-high speed laser cladding coating and the substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the ultra-high speed laser cladding coating is 25-250 um, and the thickness of the traditional laser cladding coating is more than 1mm, so that the coating thickness is increased by adopting the traditional laser cladding method, and the processing efficiency can be effectively improved.
5. The method for testing the bonding strength of the ultra-high speed laser cladding coating and the substrate according to claim 1, wherein the heights of the substrate and the cladding coating respectively account for half of the total height of the sample.
6. The method for testing the bonding strength of the ultra high speed laser cladding coating layer and the substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the analysis of the results does not require numerical calculation, and is directly based on σ in the obtained tensile curvebAnd the breaking position of the sample to obtain the bonding strength of the coating and the substrate.
7. The method for testing the bonding strength of the ultra high speed laser cladding coating and the substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein if the fracture position is at the bonding position of the ultra high speed cladding coating and the substrate, the value of the bonding strength is directly obtained; if the fracture site is within the substrate or coating, a minimum of bond strength can be obtained.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114959681A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-30 | 天津职业技术师范大学(中国职业培训指导教师进修中心) | High-hardness and high-wear-resistance coating and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114959681A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-30 | 天津职业技术师范大学(中国职业培训指导教师进修中心) | High-hardness and high-wear-resistance coating and preparation method thereof |
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