CN114252063B - Ancient building mapping device and method based on geometric perspective method - Google Patents

Ancient building mapping device and method based on geometric perspective method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114252063B
CN114252063B CN202111582074.7A CN202111582074A CN114252063B CN 114252063 B CN114252063 B CN 114252063B CN 202111582074 A CN202111582074 A CN 202111582074A CN 114252063 B CN114252063 B CN 114252063B
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laser
point
building
slide bar
positioning slide
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CN114252063A (en
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史艺林
赵鹏
张子怡
石健
李祥山
郭喆
武玥
杨凯
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Inner Mongolia University of Technology
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Inner Mongolia University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
    • G01C15/002—Active optical surveying means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an ancient building mapping device based on a geometric perspective method and a mapping method thereof, wherein the mapping device comprises a supporting rod and a frame fixed at the top end of the supporting rod; a transparent plate is fixed in the frame, and through grooves which are arranged in parallel relative to the transparent plate are formed in each side of the frame; a positioning slide bar is penetrated in the corresponding through groove of the frame, and a laser emitting part is arranged on the positioning slide bar in a sliding way; the bottom of bracing piece is connected with laser measurement subassembly. The advantages are that: the geometrical perspective-based ancient building mapping device visualizes the abstract concept of the geometrical perspective method, and the dimension of a building, especially the vertical height dimension of a vertical face, can be rapidly obtained according to the principle of the geometrical perspective method; compared with other mapping tools, the method and the device can calculate other data through the data of the mapping part, can obtain the height of the building to be measured in the vertical direction without professional operators, and have the advantages of small mapping workload and low cost.

Description

Ancient building mapping device and method based on geometric perspective method
Technical field:
the invention relates to the technical field of building measurement, in particular to an ancient building mapping device based on a geometric perspective method and a mapping method thereof.
The background technology is as follows:
current ancient building mapping can be divided into two cases: in the first case, professional-level historic building mapping is performed, and data of some historic buildings are reserved through mapping and are archived; the method is generally carried out by professional researchers and is mainly used for protecting ancient buildings and the like; therefore, the needed data is more accurate, a three-dimensional scanning technology is more, and the method can digitally store the ancient architecture; in the second case, the accuracy degree of the mapping data is not required, and the method is generally used for performing historic building mapping cognition by building professional students, non-key protection of data archiving of historic building, or early mapping investigation and sketch drawing stages of other historic building mapping; such situations often employ simple equipment such as conventional tools, e.g., tape measures, hand-held laser rangefinders, etc.
In the second case, when the simple equipment is used for mapping the ancient building, mapping is difficult for the elevation of the ancient building, namely, the height data in the vertical direction; if the three-dimensional scanning technology is adopted, although the obtained data is accurate, the equipment is expensive, mapping cost is high for building professional students, and professional operators are required to be equipped.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention aims to provide an ancient building mapping device based on a geometric perspective method and a mapping method thereof, wherein the mapping is simple and the cost is low.
The invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: an ancient architecture mapping device based on a geometric perspective method comprises a supporting rod and a frame fixed at the top end of the supporting rod; a transparent plate is fixed in the frame, and through grooves which are arranged in parallel relative to the transparent plate are formed in each side of the frame; a positioning slide bar is arranged in the frame corresponding to the through groove in a penetrating way, and a laser emitting part is arranged on the positioning slide bar in a sliding way; the bottom of bracing piece is connected with laser measurement subassembly.
Further, the frame is a rectangular frame, and scales are arranged on the frame.
Further, the positioning slide bar comprises a vertically arranged positioning slide bar A and a horizontally arranged positioning slide bar B.
Further, the laser emitting part comprises a sliding seat and a first laser pen; the sliding seat is arranged on the positioning sliding rod in a sliding sleeve mode, the first laser pen which is arranged in a rotating mode is connected to the sliding seat, and the first laser pen rotates in a plane parallel to the transparent plate.
Further, the laser measurement assembly comprises a base, a protractor and a second laser pen; the bottom end of the supporting rod is fixed with the base, the base is connected with the second laser pen which is rotatably arranged, and the second laser pen rotates in a plane perpendicular to the transparent plate; and the base is fixedly provided with a protractor which is vertically arranged relative to the transparent plate, and the second laser pen is movably contacted with the protractor.
Further, the parchment paper is adhered on the surface of the transparent plate.
Further, the positioning slide bar is clamped on the frame through the clamping piece.
An ancient architecture mapping method based on a geometric perspective method comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting an actual true altitude
According to the actual mapping angle, selecting a vertical edge of a building to be measured as an actual true height line, wherein the height is expressed by H;
(2) Positioning the ancient architecture mapping device based on geometric perspective method
The ancient building mapping device based on the geometric perspective method is opposite to a building to be tested and is placed at a position with a certain distance from an actual true altitude line in the step (1), and the position is represented by an actual viewing distance S, so that the whole appearance of the building can be projected on a transparent plate in a frame to form a graphic building; simultaneously, a second laser pen of the laser measuring assembly faces a building to be measured, and a laser line emitted by the second laser pen and an actual true altitude line are in the same plane;
(3) Measuring included angle alpha of connection line of two endpoints of actual viewpoint and actual true elevation line
The hinge point of the second laser pen and the base of the laser measurement assembly is an actual viewpoint, when the second laser pen of the laser measurement assembly is in a horizontal state, the emitted laser point corresponds to the bottom end of an actual true altitude, and at the moment, the horizontal distance between the actual viewpoint and the actual true altitude is an actual viewing distance S;
rotating a second laser pen along a protractor of the laser measurement assembly to enable a laser point emitted by the second laser pen to be corresponding to the vertex of an actual true altitude, and measuring the rotated angle alpha of the second laser pen through the protractor;
(4) Determining a pictorial viewpoint
The building to be measured is projected and scaled on a transparent plate, and the following formula exists:
scaling ratio=h/h=s/S, i.e. H/s=h/s=tan α;
the actual viewing distance S is the graphic viewing distance S projected on the transparent plate, the height of the corresponding graphic true altitude projected on the transparent plate by the actual true altitude H is H, and the length of the graphic true altitude H is measured on the transparent plate; calculating the length of the graphic viewing distance s by the formula h/s=tan α;
a positioning slide bar A is vertically penetrated between the upper and lower opposite through grooves of the frame, and more than four horizontally arranged positioning slide bars B are penetrated between the left and right through grooves of the frame; a positioning slide bar A is horizontally slid, so that the positioning slide bar A coincides with a true high line of the graphic projected on the transparent plate, and the uppermost positioning slide bar B is vertically slid to pass through the highest point of the graphic building, at the moment, the positioning slide bar B and the positioning slide bar A intersect at a point A, and a position with the length s is measured downwards along the positioning slide bar A from the point A, so that the point A is determined as a graphic viewpoint B; the laser emitting member on the positioning slide bar a is slid to the position of the illustrated viewpoint B.
(5) Determining vanishing points
A positioning slide bar B provided with laser emission components is sleeved at the two ends of the upper and lower sliding, and the positioning slide bar B is always intersected with the true altitude of the diagram; meanwhile, the laser emitting parts at the two ends of the positioning slide bar B are slid, and the two first laser pens of each laser emitting part are rotated until the laser lines emitted by the two first laser pens of each laser emitting part are correspondingly overlapped with the two horizontal edges of the illustrated building, and then the positions of the two laser emitting parts are respectively a vanishing point C and a vanishing point D.
(6) Drawing an edge of the scaled bottom surface of a building to be tested
The lowest positioning slide bar B in the step (4) is slid up and down to pass through the lowest point A of the illustrated building 1 ；
A first laser pen at the vanishing point D is used for making a vertical laser ray upwards passing through a positioning slide bar B at the highest point of the illustrated building 9, and the intersection point is a point E;
the first laser pen at the point B is shown in the step (4) to be used as a laser ray passing through the point E, and the laser ray is shown as a ray a;
ray b, which is parallel to ray a, is plotted through point a, passing through point G of the illustrated building 1 Making a vertical line perpendicular to a positioning slide bar B passing through the highest point of the illustrated building and intersecting the vertical line with a point F;
through the first laser pen at the view point B, laser rays are taken as the passing point F and intersect with the rays B at the point G, and AG is one edge of the scaled bottom surface of the building to be measured.
(7) Drawing a complete plan of a building to be tested after scaling
The scaling ratio can be obtained by measuring the length of AG and the actual length of the corresponding building edge to be measured;
and measuring the actual side length of each edge which is positioned on the same plane with the horizontal edge AG and corresponds to the building to be measured, calculating the side length of each edge after scaling according to the scaling ratio, and drawing the side length on the transparent plate to form a complete plan, namely, a plan of the bottom surface of the building to be measured after scaling.
(8) Determining the position of a point of height to be measured in a scaled plan of a building to be measured
Establishing an X-Y coordinate system of a building to be tested: taking the edge of the tested building corresponding to AG as an X axis, taking the end point of the tested building corresponding to the point A as an original point, and taking the edge of the tested building perpendicular to the X axis through the point A as a Y axis;
selecting a to-be-detected height point on a building to be detected, and respectively making vertical lines perpendicular to an X axis and a Y axis by using a marker through the to-be-detected height point, so as to measure coordinate values of the to-be-detected height point on the X axis and the Y axis;
and calculating the coordinate value of the point to be detected in the plane graph according to the scaling ratio, so that the position of the point to be detected in the plane graph can be determined, and the position is at the point H.
(9) Calculating the height to be measured
The corresponding point projected on the transparent plate by the point to be detected is H 1 Passing point H is made by a first laser pen at vanishing point C 1 Is a laser ray c of (a);
making a ray perpendicular to AG passing through the point H, intersecting the ray with the laser ray c at a point I, and sliding a fourth positioning slide bar B to enable the fourth positioning slide bar B to pass through the point I; the distance L between the fourth positioning slide bar B and the lowest positioning slide bar B is the distance after the height of the height point to be measured is scaled, and the actual height to be measured is calculated according to the scaling ratio.
The invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, the included angle alpha between the connecting line of the actual viewpoint and the two endpoints of the actual true high line can be measured through the cooperation of the second laser pen of the laser measuring assembly and the protractor; determining illustration viewpoints and vanishing points by a geometric perspective method, and drawing a complete plan of a building to be measured after scaling by using the ancient building mapping device based on the geometric perspective method; and then measuring the height value to be measured of the building to be measured, namely the vertical height dimension of the vertical face.
Therefore, the geometrical perspective-based ancient building mapping device visualizes the abstract concept of the geometrical perspective method, and the dimension of a building, especially the vertical height dimension of a vertical face, can be rapidly obtained according to the principle of the geometrical perspective method; compared with other mapping tools, the method and the device can calculate other data through the data of the mapping part, can obtain the height of the building to be measured in the vertical direction without professional operators, and have the advantages of small mapping workload and low cost.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the historic building mapping device based on the geometric perspective method.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a top view of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a laser emitting device according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a sectional view of B-B of fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a usage state of the frame of the present invention when a building to be tested is projected.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a measurement state of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a second schematic diagram of the measurement state of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a partial enlarged view of C of fig. 8.
The components in the drawings are marked as follows: frame 1, logical groove 1.1, scale 1.2, transparent plate 2, location slide bar 3, location slide bar A3.1, location slide bar B3.2, bracing piece 4, laser emission part 5, sliding seat 5.1, first fixing base 5.2, first laser pen 5.3, round pin axle 5.4, laser measurement subassembly 6, base 6.1, recess 6.11, protractor 6.2, second laser pen 6.3, connecting axle 6.4, second fixing base 6.5, template 7, clamping piece 8, graphic building 9, graphic true altitude 9.1, the building 10 that awaits measuring.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present embodiment provides an ancient architecture mapping apparatus based on geometric perspective, which includes a support bar 4 and a frame 1 vertically fixed to the top end of the support bar 4; in this embodiment, the frame 1 is a rectangular frame, and its bottom edge is perpendicular to the support rod 4; the frame 1 is provided with scales, the transparent plate 2 is fixed in the frame 1, the parchment paper 7 is stuck on the surface of the transparent plate 2, and drawing is easier to carry out on the parchment paper 7; each side of the frame 1 is provided with a through groove 1.1 which is arranged in parallel relative to the transparent plate 2; a positioning slide bar 3 is arranged between the through grooves 1.1 on two opposite sides of the frame 1 in a penetrating way, and the positioning slide bar 3 comprises a vertically arranged positioning slide bar A3.1 and four horizontally arranged positioning slide bars B3.2; the positioning slide bar 3 is clamped on the frame 1 through the clamping piece 8, in this embodiment, the clamping piece 8 is an existing clamp, and the positioning slide bar 3 can be clamped and fastened at a certain position between the through groove 1.1 and the outer side of the frame 1.
The bottom end of the positioning slide rod A3.1 and the two ends of one positioning slide rod B3.2 are provided with laser emitting components 5 in a sliding manner, and the laser emitting components 5 comprise sliding seats 5.1 and first laser pens 5.3; the positioning slide bar 3 is sleeved with a slide seat 5.1 in a sliding manner, the slide seat 5.1 is connected with a first fixed seat 5.2 which is rotatably arranged through a pin shaft 5.4, a first laser pen 5.3 is fixed on the first fixed seat 5.2, and the first laser pen 5.3 rotates in a plane parallel to the transparent plate 2; the laser emitting part 5 on the positioning slide bar A3.1 is provided with three first laser pens 5.3, and the laser emitting part 5 on the positioning slide bar B3.2 is provided with two first laser pens 5.3.
The bottom end of the supporting rod 4 is connected with a laser measuring assembly 6, and the laser measuring assembly 6 comprises a base 6.1, a protractor 6.2 and a second laser pen 6.3; a base 6.1 is fixed at the bottom end of the supporting rod 4, a groove 6.11 is formed in one side, facing the building 10 to be tested, of the base 6.1, a second fixing seat 6.5 is rotatably arranged in the groove 6.11 through a connecting shaft 6.4, a second laser pen 6.3 is fixed on the second fixing seat 6.5, and the second laser pen 6.3 rotates in a plane vertical to the transparent plate 2; the base 6.1 is fixedly provided with a protractor 6.2 which is vertically arranged relative to the transparent plate 2, and the second laser pen 6.3 is movably contacted with the protractor 6.2; the included angle alpha between the connecting line of the actual viewpoint and the two endpoints of the actual true elevation line can be measured through the cooperation of the second laser pen 6.3 of the laser measuring assembly 6 and the protractor 6.2.
As shown in fig. 6 to 9, the surveying method using the geometrical perspective-based historic building surveying device includes the steps of:
(1) Selecting an actual true altitude
According to the actual mapping angle, a vertical edge of the building 10 to be measured is selected as an actual true height line, and the height is denoted by H.
(2) Positioning the ancient architecture mapping device based on geometric perspective method
The ancient building mapping device based on the geometric perspective method is opposite to the building 10 to be tested and is placed at a position which is a certain distance away from the actual true altitude line in the step (1), and the position is expressed by the actual viewing distance S, so that the whole appearance of the building 10 to be tested can be projected on the transparent plate 2 in the frame 1, namely the whole appearance of the building 10 to be tested can be observed through the transparent plate 2, and the graphic building 9 is formed by projection; meanwhile, the second laser pen 6.3 of the laser measurement assembly 6 faces the building 10 to be measured, and the laser line emitted by the second laser pen 6.3 is in the same plane with the actual true altitude line.
(3) Measuring included angle alpha of connection line of two endpoints of actual viewpoint and actual true elevation line
The hinge point of the second laser pen 6.3 and the base 6.1 of the laser measurement assembly 6 is an actual viewpoint, when the second laser pen 6.3 of the laser measurement assembly 6 is in a horizontal state, the emitted laser point correspondingly irradiates the bottom end of an actual true high line, and at the moment, the horizontal distance between the actual viewpoint and the actual true high line is an actual viewing distance S;
the second laser pen 6.3 is rotated along the protractor 6.2 of the laser measurement assembly 6, so that the emitted laser correspondingly irradiates on the vertex of the actual true altitude, and at the moment, the angle rotated by the second laser pen 6.3 is measured by the protractor 6.2 to be alpha.
(4) Determining a pictorial viewpoint
The building 10 to be tested is projected and scaled on the transparent plate 2, with the following formula:
scaling ratio=h/h=s/S, i.e. H/s=h/s=tan α;
the actual viewing distance S is S, the corresponding graphic viewing distance projected on the transparent plate 2 is H, and the length of the graphic viewing distance H can be measured on the transparent plate 2; calculating the length of the graphic viewing distance s by the formula h/s=tan α;
a positioning slide bar A3.1 is vertically arranged between the upper and lower opposite through grooves 1.1 of the frame 1 in a penetrating way, and four positioning slide bars B3.2 which are horizontally arranged are arranged between the left and right through grooves 1.1 of the frame 1 in a penetrating way; a positioning slide bar A3.1 is horizontally slid, so that the positioning slide bar A3.1 coincides with a graphic true height line 9.1 projected on the transparent plate 2, and the uppermost positioning slide bar B3.2 is vertically slid to pass through the highest point of the graphic building 9, at the moment, the positioning slide bar B3.2 intersects with the positioning slide bar A3.1 at a point A, and the position with the length s is measured downwards along the positioning slide bar A3.1 from the point A to be determined as a graphic viewpoint B; the laser emitting member 5 on the positioning slide a3.1 is slid to the position of the illustrated viewpoint B.
(5) Determining vanishing points
The two ends of the positioning slide rod B3.2 which slide up and down are sleeved with the laser emitting part 5, and the positioning slide rod B3.2 is always intersected with the true altitude 9.1 of the diagram; meanwhile, the laser emitting parts 5 at the two ends of the positioning slide bar B3.2 are slid, and the two first laser pens 5.3 on each laser emitting part 5 are rotated until the laser lines emitted by the two first laser pens 5.3 of each laser emitting part 5 are correspondingly overlapped with the two horizontal edges of the illustrated building 9, so that the positions of the two laser emitting parts 5 are known as vanishing points C and vanishing points D according to a geometric perspective method.
(6) Drawing an edge of the scaled bottom surface of a building to be tested
The lowest positioning slide bar B in the step (4) slides up and down to pass through the lowest point A of the illustrated building 9 1 ；
A first laser pen 5.3 at the vanishing point D is used for making a vertical laser ray upwards passing through a positioning slide bar B3.2 at the highest point of the illustrated building 9, and the intersection point is a point E;
the first laser pen 5.3 at the point of view B is shown in the step (4) to be used as a laser ray passing through the point E, and the laser ray is shown as a ray a;
ray b, which is parallel to ray a, is plotted through point a, passing through point G of the illustrated building 9 1 Making a vertical line perpendicular to the positioning slide bar B3.2 passing through the highest point of the illustrated building 9 and intersecting the point F;
through the first laser pen 5.3 at the view point B, the intersection of the laser ray passing through the point F and the ray B is at the point G, and AG is an edge of the scaled bottom surface of the building 10 to be measured.
(7) Drawing a complete plan of a building to be tested after scaling
The scaling ratio can be obtained by measuring the length of AG and the actual length of the edge of the building 10 to be measured corresponding to AG;
the actual side length of each edge which is positioned on the same plane with the horizontal edge AG and corresponds to the building 10 to be measured is measured, the side length of each edge after scaling is calculated according to the scaling ratio, and the side length is drawn on the transparent plate 2 to form a complete plan, namely, the plan of the bottom surface of the building 10 to be measured after scaling.
(8) Determining the position of a point of height to be measured in a scaled plan of a building to be measured
An X-Y coordinate system of the building 10 to be tested is established: taking the edge of the building 10 to be measured corresponding to AG as an X axis, taking the end point of the building 10 to be measured corresponding to the point A as an original point, and taking the edge of the building 10 to be measured perpendicular to the X axis through the point A as a Y axis;
selecting a height point to be detected on the building 10 to be detected, and respectively making vertical lines perpendicular to an X axis and a Y axis by using a marker through the height point to be detected, so as to measure coordinate values of the height point to be detected on the X axis and the Y axis; in the embodiment, a straight stick is used as a marker, a measurer holds the stick, so that the stick and a height point to be measured are positioned on the same plane vertical to an X axis, further an X axis coordinate value of the height point to be measured can be measured, and then the stick and the height point to be measured are positioned on the same plane vertical to a Y axis, further a Y axis coordinate value of the height point to be measured can be measured;
and calculating the coordinate value of the point to be detected in the plane graph according to the scaling ratio, so that the position of the point to be detected in the plane graph can be determined, and the position is at the point H.
(9) Calculating the height to be measured
The corresponding point projected by the height point to be detected on the transparent plate 2 is H 1 Passing point H is made by first laser pen 5.3 at vanishing point C 1 Is a laser ray c of (a);
making a ray perpendicular to AG passing through the point H and intersecting with the laser ray c at a point I, and sliding a fourth positioning slide bar B3.2 to enable the fourth positioning slide bar to pass through the point I; the distance L between the fourth positioning slide bar B3.2 and the lowest positioning slide bar B3.2 is the distance after the height of the height point to be measured is scaled, and the actual height to be measured is calculated according to the scaling ratio. Therefore, the invention can realize the measurement of the height of the building to be measured in the vertical direction without the need of professional operators, and has low cost.
The invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, the included angle alpha between the connecting line of the actual viewpoint and the two endpoints of the actual true high line can be measured through the cooperation of the second laser pen of the laser measuring assembly and the protractor; determining illustration viewpoints and vanishing points by a geometric perspective method, and drawing a complete plan of a building to be measured after scaling by using the ancient building mapping device based on the geometric perspective method; and then measuring the height value to be measured of the building to be measured, namely the vertical height dimension of the vertical face.
Therefore, the geometrical perspective-based ancient building mapping device visualizes the abstract concept of the geometrical perspective method, and the dimension of a building, especially the vertical height dimension of a vertical face, can be rapidly obtained according to the principle of the geometrical perspective method; compared with other mapping tools, the method and the device can calculate other data through the data of the mapping part, can obtain the height of the building to be measured in the vertical direction without professional operators, and have the advantages of small mapping workload and low cost.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. The ancient architecture mapping device based on the geometric perspective method is characterized by comprising a supporting rod and a frame fixed at the top end of the supporting rod; a transparent plate is fixed in the frame, and through grooves which are arranged in parallel relative to the transparent plate are formed in each side of the frame;
positioning slide bars are arranged in the corresponding through grooves of the frame in a penetrating manner, and are arranged between the through grooves of two opposite sides of the frame in a penetrating manner, wherein each positioning slide bar comprises a vertically arranged positioning slide bar A and four horizontally arranged positioning slide bars B;
the laser transmitting component is arranged on the positioning slide bar in a sliding way, the laser transmitting component is arranged at the bottom end of the positioning slide bar A and at the two ends of one positioning slide bar B in a sliding way, the laser transmitting component comprises a sliding seat and a first laser pen, the sliding seat is sleeved on the positioning slide bar in a sliding way, the sliding seat is connected with a first laser pen which is rotationally arranged, the first laser pen rotates in a plane parallel to the transparent plate, three first laser pens are arranged on a laser emitting part on the positioning sliding rod A, and two first laser pens are arranged on a laser emitting part on the positioning sliding rod B;
the bottom end of the supporting rod is connected with a laser measurement assembly, and the laser measurement assembly comprises a base, a protractor and a second laser pen; the bottom end of the supporting rod is fixed with the base, one side of the base facing the building to be tested is connected with the second laser pen which is rotationally arranged, and the second laser pen rotates in a plane perpendicular to the transparent plate; the base is fixed with the protractor which is vertically arranged relative to the transparent plate, and the second laser pen is in movable contact with the protractor.
2. The historic building mapping device based on the geometric perspective method according to claim 1, wherein the frame is a rectangular frame, and scales are arranged on the frame.
3. The historic building mapping device based on geometric perspective as set forth in claim 1, wherein the positioning slide bar comprises a vertically arranged positioning slide bar a and a horizontally arranged positioning slide bar B.
4. The geometrical-perspective-based historic building mapping device of claim 1, wherein the laser emitting component comprises a sliding seat and a first laser pen; the sliding seat is arranged on the positioning sliding rod in a sliding sleeve mode, the first laser pen which is arranged in a rotating mode is connected to the sliding seat, and the first laser pen rotates in a plane parallel to the transparent plate.
5. The geometrical-perspective-based historic building mapping device of claim 1, wherein the laser measurement assembly comprises a base, a protractor and a second laser pen; the bottom end of the supporting rod is fixed with the base, the base is connected with the second laser pen which is rotatably arranged, and the second laser pen rotates in a plane perpendicular to the transparent plate; and the base is fixedly provided with a protractor which is vertically arranged relative to the transparent plate, and the second laser pen is movably contacted with the protractor.
6. The historic building mapping device based on the geometric perspective method according to claim 1, wherein the parchment paper is adhered on the surface of the transparent plate.
7. The historic building mapping device based on geometric perspective as set forth in claim 1, wherein the positioning slide bar is clamped on the frame by a clamping piece.
8. A mapping method using the geometrical-perspective-based historic building mapping device as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
(1) Selecting an actual true altitude
According to the actual mapping angle, selecting a vertical edge of a building to be measured as an actual true height line, wherein the height is expressed by H;
(2) Positioning the ancient architecture mapping device based on geometric perspective method
The ancient building mapping device based on the geometric perspective method is opposite to a building to be tested and is placed at a position with a certain distance from an actual true altitude line in the step (1), and the position is represented by an actual viewing distance S, so that the whole appearance of the building can be projected on a transparent plate in a frame to form a graphic building; simultaneously, a second laser pen of the laser measuring assembly faces a building to be measured, and a laser line emitted by the second laser pen and an actual true altitude line are in the same plane;
(3) Measuring included angle alpha of connection line of two endpoints of actual viewpoint and actual true elevation line
The hinge point of the second laser pen and the base of the laser measurement assembly is an actual viewpoint, when the second laser pen of the laser measurement assembly is in a horizontal state, the emitted laser point corresponds to the bottom end of an actual true altitude, and at the moment, the horizontal distance between the actual viewpoint and the actual true altitude is an actual viewing distance S;
rotating a second laser pen along a protractor of the laser measurement assembly to enable a laser point emitted by the second laser pen to be corresponding to the vertex of an actual true altitude, and measuring the rotated angle alpha of the second laser pen through the protractor;
(4) Determining a pictorial viewpoint
The building to be measured is projected and scaled on a transparent plate, and the following formula exists:
scaling ratio=h/h=s/S, i.e. H/s=h/s=tan α;
the actual viewing distance S is the graphic viewing distance S projected on the transparent plate, the height of the corresponding graphic true altitude projected on the transparent plate by the actual true altitude H is H, and the length of the graphic true altitude H is measured on the transparent plate; calculating the length of the graphic viewing distance s by the formula h/s=tan α;
a positioning slide bar A is vertically penetrated between the upper and lower opposite through grooves of the frame, and more than four horizontally arranged positioning slide bars B are penetrated between the left and right through grooves of the frame; a positioning slide bar A is horizontally slid, so that the positioning slide bar A coincides with a true high line of the graphic projected on the transparent plate, and the uppermost positioning slide bar B is vertically slid to pass through the highest point of the graphic building, at the moment, the positioning slide bar B and the positioning slide bar A intersect at a point A, and a position with the length s is measured downwards along the positioning slide bar A from the point A, so that the point A is determined as a graphic viewpoint B; sliding the laser emitting part on the positioning slide bar A to the position of the view point B;
(5) Determining vanishing points
A positioning slide bar B provided with laser emission components is sleeved at the two ends of the upper and lower sliding, and the positioning slide bar B is always intersected with the true altitude of the diagram; meanwhile, the laser emitting parts at the two ends of the positioning slide bar B are slid, and the two first laser pens of each laser emitting part are rotated until the laser lines emitted by the two first laser pens of each laser emitting part are correspondingly overlapped with the two horizontal edges of the illustrated building, and then the positions of the two laser emitting parts are respectively a vanishing point C and a vanishing point D;
(6) Drawing an edge of the scaled bottom surface of a building to be tested
Up-and-down sliding step (4)) The lowermost positioning slide bar B of the drawing is passed through the lowest point A of the illustrated building 1 ；
A first laser pen at the vanishing point D is used for making a vertical laser ray upwards passing through a positioning slide bar B at the highest point of the illustrated building 9, and the intersection point is a point E;
the first laser pen at the point B is shown in the step (4) to be used as a laser ray passing through the point E, and the laser ray is shown as a ray a;
ray b, which is parallel to ray a, is plotted through point a, passing through point G of the illustrated building 1 Making a vertical line perpendicular to a positioning slide bar B passing through the highest point of the illustrated building and intersecting the vertical line with a point F;
through a first laser pen at the graphic viewpoint B, a laser ray is taken as a point F and is intersected with a ray B at a point G, and AG is one edge of the scaled bottom surface of the building to be tested;
(7) Drawing a complete plan of a building to be tested after scaling
The scaling ratio can be obtained by measuring the length of AG and the actual length of the corresponding building edge to be measured;
measuring the actual side length of each edge which is positioned on the same plane with the horizontal edge AG and corresponds to the building to be measured, calculating the side length of each edge after scaling according to the scaling ratio, and drawing the side length on the transparent plate to form a complete plan, namely a bottom plan of the building to be measured after scaling;
(8) Determining the position of a point of height to be measured in a scaled plan of a building to be measured
Establishing an X-Y coordinate system of a building to be tested: taking the edge of the tested building corresponding to AG as an X axis, taking the end point of the tested building corresponding to the point A as an original point, and taking the edge of the tested building perpendicular to the X axis through the point A as a Y axis;
selecting a to-be-detected height point on a building to be detected, and respectively making vertical lines perpendicular to an X axis and a Y axis by using a marker through the to-be-detected height point, so as to measure coordinate values of the to-be-detected height point on the X axis and the Y axis;
according to the scaling ratio, calculating the coordinate value of the point to be detected in the plane graph, and further determining the position of the point to be detected in the plane graph, wherein the position is at the point H;
(9) Calculating the height to be measured
The corresponding point projected on the transparent plate by the point to be detected is H 1 Passing point H is made by a first laser pen at vanishing point C 1 Is a laser ray c of (a);
making a ray perpendicular to AG passing through the point H, intersecting the ray with the laser ray c at a point I, and sliding a fourth positioning slide bar B to enable the fourth positioning slide bar B to pass through the point I; the distance L between the fourth positioning slide bar B and the lowest positioning slide bar B is the distance after the height of the height point to be measured is scaled, and the actual height to be measured is calculated according to the scaling ratio.
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