CN114251166A - 用于车辆排气系统的后处理单元的混合组件 - Google Patents

用于车辆排气系统的后处理单元的混合组件 Download PDF

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CN114251166A
CN114251166A CN202111091380.0A CN202111091380A CN114251166A CN 114251166 A CN114251166 A CN 114251166A CN 202111091380 A CN202111091380 A CN 202111091380A CN 114251166 A CN114251166 A CN 114251166A
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mixing assembly
bowl
scroll member
cylindrical portion
exhaust system
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兰达尔·克维尔巴
埃迪尤阿多·阿拉诺
阿米·布哈特
阿玛雷什·拉卡萨吉
安松伊·伯内特
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Faurecia India Pvt Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
    • B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
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    • B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
    • B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
    • B01F23/2132—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/10—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/32—Injector mixers wherein the additional components are added in a by-pass of the main flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2067—Urea
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
    • B01F2215/0418—Geometrical information
    • B01F2215/0431—Numerical size values, e.g. diameter of a hole or conduit, area, volume, length, width, or ratios thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

本发明提供用于车辆排气系统的后处理单元的混合组件(100)。混合组件(100)包括涡旋部件(200)和碗状物(300)。涡旋部件(200)在顶面上具有供例如尿素的还原剂流体进入的定量给料器开口(150)。涡旋部件(200)具有截锥形部分(210)和圆柱形部分(220)。碗状物(300)从圆柱形部分(220)的底面延伸。涡旋部件(200)的截锥形部分(210)和圆柱形部分(220)被冲压在一起或由单个金属板冲压工艺形成。本发明混合组件(100)能够显著减少在涡旋部件(200)和碗状物(300)之间的过渡中积聚的沉积物。

Description

用于车辆排气系统的后处理单元的混合组件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于内燃机的排气系统。更具体地，本发明涉及一种用于车辆排气系统的后处理单元的混合组件。
背景技术
发动机排气系统引导来自发动机的废气并将其排放到环境中。在排放到环境中时，该系统提供了噪音衰减和废气后处理以防止污染环境。此外，废气的流动分布在废气的后处理中起着至关重要的作用，以防止有毒物质排放到环境中。典型的排气系统可包括入口管、后处理单元和出口。
后处理单元可包括柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)、柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)和选择性催化还原(SCR)系统。SCR技术已被用于减少内燃机排气中存在的氮氧化物。这些系统中的一些是使用基于尿素的技术构造的，该技术具有包括用于储存还原剂流体(如尿素)的容器和用于将还原剂流体从容器传输到排气流的输送系统的混合组件。
典型的混合组件可包括碗状物和涡旋部件。通常，在涡旋分量和碗状物之间形成过渡。涡旋部件和碗状物之间的过渡容易积聚沉积物，并可能导致混合组件过早失效，从而显著降低排气系统的效率。
此外，碗状物和涡旋部件可以通过铸造工艺制造，该铸造工艺不经济并且显著增加了混合组件的重量。混合组件中的碗状物具有深的碗状物形状，需要昂贵的多重击打冲压工艺。
因此，需要一种克服了现有混合组件的一些或所有缺点的用于内燃机的后处理单元的混合组件。
发明目的
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于排气系统内的后处理单元的混合组件。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种混合组件，其可以显著减少涡旋部件和碗状物之间的过渡中沉积物的积聚。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种混合组件，其由板状金属冲压件制成以代替大型铸件，这具有降低沉积风险同时还降低混合组件的成本和重量的潜力。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种混合组件，其通过金属冲压工艺制成，大大减轻了混合组件的重量。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供了一种用于根据本发明的车辆排气系统内部的后处理单元的混合组件。混合组件可包括涡旋部件和碗状物。混合组件在涡旋部件的顶面上具有供还原剂流体进入的定量给料器开口。作为非限制性的示例，还原剂流体可以是尿素等。
在一个实施方式中，涡旋部件可具有截锥形部分和圆柱形部分。涡旋部件由纵向相邻的两个片状物构成，以构造截锥形部分和圆柱形部分。这两个片状物是对称的，使得在沿纵轴连接片状物时构造了截锥形部分和圆柱形部分。具体地，在一个实施方式中，涡旋部件的两个部分可以被一起冲压或由单个金属板冲压形成。当板邻接时，圆柱形部分整体地布置在截锥形部分的下方。
此外，截锥形部分可以具有沿着涡旋部件的表面周向延伸的弯曲凸缘。弯曲凸缘用于在混合组件内部混合时偏转还原剂流体。弯曲凸缘也可以通过金属板冲压连接到涡旋部件。
此外，碗状物比涡旋部件浅。涡旋部件与碗状物的深度比可以基本上在2.5:1至3:1的范围内。具体来说，涡旋组件与碗状物的深度比为2.8:1。由于碗状物从涡旋部件浅浅地拉出，从而可以显著减少在涡旋部件和碗状物之间的过渡中积聚沉积物。减少的沉积物积聚的填充可以最终延长混合组件的寿命。涡旋部件的截锥形部分和圆柱形部分被冲压在一起或由单个金属板冲压形成。使用金属板冲压代替大型铸件可以降低沉积风险，同时降低混合组件的成本。
附图说明
当仅通过实施例并且以非限制性的方式参考以下附图来阅读下面给出的详细描述时，本发明的其他特征和优点将变得显而易见：
图1示出了根据本发明的用于车辆排气系统内的后处理单元的混合组件；
图2示出了图1的透视图；
图3示出了根据本发明的混合组件的剖视图；和
图4示出了根据本发明的混合组件的涡旋部件的分解图。
具体实施方式
现在将详细描述本发明的阐释了其特征的实施方式。词语“包括”、“具有”、“含有”和“包含”以及它们的其他形式在含义上是相同的并且是开放式的，因为这些词语中的任何一个之后的一个或多个项目并不意味着是一个或多个此类项目的详尽列表，或旨在仅限于列出的一个或多个项目。
术语“第一”、“第二”等在本文中不表示任何顺序、数量或重要性，而是用于区分一个要素与另一个要素，术语“一个”此处不表示对数量的限制，而是表示存在至少一个所引用的项目。
所公开的实施方式仅仅是本发明的示例，其可以以各种形式体现。
本发明涉及一种用于布置在车辆排气系统内部的后处理单元的混合组件。优选地，排气系统的后处理单元可包括柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)、柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)和选择性催化还原(SCR)系统。SCR技术已被用于减少内燃机排气中存在的氮氧化物。这些系统中的一些是使用基于尿素的技术构造的，该技术具有包括用于存储还原剂流体(如尿素)的容器和用于将还原剂流体从容器传输到排气流的输送系统的混合组件。
典型的混合组件可包括碗状物和涡旋部件。通常在涡旋部件和碗状物之间形成过渡。涡旋部件和碗状物之间的过渡容易积聚诸如燃烧副产物之类的沉积物。这些沉积物可能导致混合组件过早失效，从而显著降低后处理系统的效率。
现在参照图1和图2，示出了根据本发明的用于车辆排气系统(未示出)内部的后处理单元(未示出)的混合组件100。混合组件100包括涡旋部件200和碗状物300。混合组件100在涡旋部件200的顶面上具有供还原剂流体(未示出)进入的定量给料器开口150。具体地，截锥形部分210的上部部分具有定量给料器底座230，定量给料器底座230被构造成具有供还原剂流体进入的定量给料器开口150。作为非限制性的示例，还原剂流体可以是尿素以及类似物。还原剂流体可以储存在容器(未示出)中。
在本实施方式中，涡旋部件200具有集成构造的截锥形部分210和圆柱形部分220。涡旋部件200由截锥形部分210和圆柱形部分220的纵向分开的两个半部纵向邻接构成，来构造截锥形部分210和圆柱形部分220。如图1所示，沿着纵轴使两个半部分邻接构成了截锥形部分210和圆柱形部分220。具体而言，截锥形部分210和圆柱形部分220这两个部分被冲压在一起或由单个金属板冲压形成。在本实施方式中，圆柱形部分220整体地布置在截锥形部分210下方。
此外，截锥形部分210具有沿着涡旋部件200的表面周向延伸的弯曲凸缘212。弯曲凸缘212引导涡旋200部件内部的一部分排气流。弯曲凸缘212也通过金属板冲压工艺附接到涡旋部件200。
再次参考图1，碗状物300从涡旋部件200的圆柱形部分220的底表面浅浅地拉出。涡旋部件与碗状物的深度比在2.5:1到3:1的范围内。在本实施方式中，涡旋部件200与碗状物300的深度比为2.8:1。由于碗状物300从涡旋部件200浅浅地拉出，涡旋部件200和碗状物300之间的过渡更远离定量给料器开口150。这显著降低了在涡旋部件200和碗状物300之间的过渡中积聚沉积物的风险。沉积物积聚风险的降低可最终延长混合组件100的寿命。为了进一步减少沉积物积聚，如图3所示，在涡旋部件200和碗状物300的内周上进行喷射冲击。涡旋部件200的截锥形部分210和圆柱形部分220被冲压在一起或由单个金属板冲压形成。使用金属板冲压工艺有可能降低沉积风险，同时还降低混合组件100的成本和重量。碗状物300具有多个出口开口310，用于将还原剂流体与来自燃烧室的废气排放物混合。
因此，本发明的优点是提供一种用于排气系统后处理单元的混合组件100，该混合组件100可以显著减少在涡旋部件200和碗状物300之间的过渡中积聚沉积物。混合组件100由金属板冲压工艺制成，以替代大型铸件，具有降低沉积风险的潜力，同时也降低了混合组件100的成本。此外，涡旋部件200的截锥形部分210和圆柱形部分220通过金属冲压工艺连接在一起或通过单冲压工艺形成，大大降低了混合组件100的成本和重量。
已经出于说明和描述的目的呈现了本发明的特定实施方式的前述描述。它们并不旨在穷举或将本发明限制于所公开的精确形式，并且显然根据上述教导可以进行许多修改和变化。选择和描述实施方式是为了最好地解释本发明的原理及其实际应用，从而使本领域的其他技术人员能够最好地利用本发明和具有适合所设想的特定用途的各种修改的各种实施方式。应当理解，根据情况可能暗示或在适当条件下，设想等效物的各种省略和替换，但是这样的省略和替换预期在不脱离本发明的权利要求的范围的情况下覆盖应用或实施。

Claims (9)

1.用于车辆排气系统的后处理单元的混合组件(100)，所述混合组件(100)包括：
涡旋部件(200)，其在顶面上具有供还原剂流体进入的定量给料器开口(150)，
其中，所述涡旋部件(200)具有截锥形部分(210)和圆柱形部分(220)；以及
碗状物(300)，其从所述圆柱形部分(220)的底面延伸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合组件(100)，其特征在于，所述截锥形部分(210)包括沿着所述涡旋部件(200)的表面周向延伸的弯曲凸缘(212)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合组件(100)，其特征在于，所述碗状物(300)比所述涡旋部件(200)浅。
4.根据权利要求1和3所述的混合组件(100)，其特征在于，所述涡旋部件(200)与所述碗状物(300)的深度比基本上在2.5:1至3:1的范围内。
5.根据权利要求1和3所述的混合组件(100)，其特征在于，所述涡旋部件(200)与所述碗状物(300)的深度比为2.8:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的混合组件(100)，其特征在于，所述涡旋部件(200)的截锥形部分(210)和圆柱形部分(220)被一起冲压或由单个金属板冲压工艺形成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的混合组件(100)，其特征在于，所述圆柱形部分(220)整体地布置在所述截锥形部分(210)下方。
8.根据权利要求1所述的混合组件(100)，其特征在于，所述弯曲凸缘(212)用于引导所述涡旋部件(200)内部的一部分排气流。
9.根据权利要求1所述的混合组件(100)，其特征在于，所述还原剂流体是尿素。
CN202111091380.0A 2020-09-23 2021-09-17 用于车辆排气系统的后处理单元的混合组件 Pending CN114251166A (zh)

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