CN114249926A - 一种可食用薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请涉及可食用包装膜领域,具体公开了一种可食用薄膜及其制备方法,可食用薄膜由包含如下重量份数的原料制成:玉米淀粉100份;壳聚糖50‑100份;丙三醇10‑25份;吐温‑80 4‑8份;温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊20‑30份;1‑5w/v%乙酸溶液适量;所述温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊包括芯材和包裹芯材的壁材,以所述温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊的重量为基准,所述芯材由20‑40份的抑菌植物精油和2‑6份的吐温‑80组成,所述壁材由包含如下重量份数的原料制成:聚N‑异丙基丙烯酰胺40‑60份;羧甲基纤维素20‑30份;聚乙二醇8‑12份;海藻酸钠10‑14份;十二烷基磺酸钠2‑4份。本申请的可食用薄膜能够随着温度升高提高精油释放率,从而提高抑菌效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可食用包装膜领域,尤其是涉及一种可食用薄膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
食品表面微生物的生长繁殖及全球气候变暖,导致食品变质现象日益严重。近年来,随着人们对环保意识的提高,天然可降解食品包装材料逐渐成为研究热点,其中,天然高分子材料以其生物降解性、机械抵抗性和阻氧阻水等能力受到人们的关注。
相关技术中公开了一种精油缓释保鲜膜,在保鲜膜内添加了缓释微胶囊,缓释微胶囊是采用明胶包裹植物精油制得。
针对上述中的相关技术,当食品处于温度较高的环境下时,微生物繁殖速度加快,相关技术中的缓释微胶囊在较高温度下依然保持原有的释放速率,发明人认为存在有难以随着温度变化控制精油释放速度、抑菌效果较差的缺陷。
发明内容
为了提高可食用薄膜的抑菌效果,本申请提供一种可食用薄膜及其制备方法。
第一方面,本申请提供一种可食用薄膜,采用如下的技术方案:
一种可食用薄膜,由包含如下重量份数的原料制成:
玉米淀粉100份;
壳聚糖50-100份;
丙三醇10-25份;
吐温-80 4-8份;
温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊20-30份;
1-5w/v%乙酸溶液适量;
所述温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊包括芯材和包裹芯材的壁材,以所述温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊的重量为基准,所述芯材由20-40份的抑菌植物精油和2-6份的吐温-80组成,所述壁材由包含如下重量份数的原料制成:
聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺40-60份;
羧甲基纤维素20-30份;
聚乙二醇8-12份;
海藻酸钠10-14份;
十二烷基磺酸钠2-4份。
通过采用上述技术方案,聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺是一种对温度敏感的聚合物,羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇和海藻酸钠作为成膜物质,与聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺一起制成具有微孔的壁材,十二烷基磺酸钠作为分散剂,促进各原料分散均匀,壁材包裹芯材后制得温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊。在温度较低的环境下,抑菌植物精油通过壁材的微孔进行缓慢释放,在温度升高时,壁材的微孔扩大,抑菌植物精油释放率升高,常见的容易导致食物腐败的细菌随着温度升高,繁殖速度加快,例如大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌和霉菌,因此,抑菌植物精油释放率升高时,能够提高抑菌效果。具有温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊的可食用薄膜应用于食品包装时,能够根据环境温度控制抑菌植物精油释放速度,从而提高抑菌效果,延长食品的保质期。
可选的,所述温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊的制备包括以下步骤:
水相的制备:将聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、海藻酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠加入水中,搅拌分散均匀,得到壁材液;
油相的制备:将抑菌植物精油和吐温-80加入适量乙醇中,搅拌分散均匀,得到芯材液;
微胶囊的制备:将芯材液滴加至搅拌状态下的壁材液中,搅拌剪切,高压均质,得到乳化液,喷雾干燥,冷却,得到温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊。
通过采用上述技术方案,抑菌植物精油溶于乙醇后,与吐温-80形成乳液,芯材液滴加至搅拌状态下的壁材液时,会形成较大颗粒的微胶囊,经过搅拌剪切、高压均质后,能够得到尺寸更小的微胶囊,采用喷雾干燥的工艺得到温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊。
可选的,所述搅拌剪切的条件为:搅拌转速12000-14000rpm,搅拌时间4-6min。
通过采用上述技术方案,搅拌转速太低时,会导致抑菌植物精油分子的粒径太大,难以通过壁材上的微孔,释放速度太慢;搅拌转速太高时,会导致抑菌植物精油分子的粒径太小,释放速度太快;搅拌时间太短,抑菌植物精油搅拌不完全,搅拌时间过长,对释放速度基本没有影响,且成本增加。
可选的,所述高压均质次数为两次,第一次高压均质压力为15-20MPa,第二次高压均质压力为25-30MPa。
通过采用上述技术方案,较高的均质压力能够得到尺寸更小的微胶囊,容易在可食用薄膜内分散均匀。
可选的,所述喷雾干燥时,进风温度为140-150℃,出风温度为65-75℃。
通过采用上述技术方案,在上述干燥温度范围内,可以促进壁材原料充分反应,得到完整且性能良好的温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊。
可选的,所述喷雾干燥时,进液速度为8-10mL/min。
通过采用上述技术方案,控制进液速度,使乳化液及时充分干燥形成温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊。
可选的,所述抑菌植物精油选自肉桂精油、丁香精油和桉树精油中的任意一种。
通过采用上述技术方案,上述精油对常见的食品有害微生物有较好的抑制作用。
第二方面,本申请提供一种可食用薄膜的制备方法,采用如下的技术方案:
一种可食用薄膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
制备玉米淀粉糊,称取玉米淀粉溶解于适量蒸馏水中,在95-98℃条件下恒温水浴糊化14-16min,得到玉米淀粉糊;
制备壳聚糖乙酸溶液,将壳聚糖溶于乙酸溶液中,得到壳聚糖乙酸溶液;
制备薄膜,将玉米淀粉糊、壳聚糖乙酸溶液、丙三醇、吐温-80和温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊混合,均质,脱气,流延成膜,烘干,得到可食用薄膜。
通过采用上述技术方案,玉米淀粉作为可食用薄膜的主要基材,甘油作为增塑剂,壳聚糖具有良好的成膜性,吐温-80作为表面活性剂,最终制得具有良好物理机械性能的可食用薄膜。
综上所述,本申请具有以下有益效果:由于本申请在可食用薄膜内加入温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊,在温度较低的环境下,抑菌植物精油通过壁材的微孔进行缓慢释放,在温度升高时,壁材的微孔扩大,抑菌植物精油释放率升高,可食用薄膜应用于食品包装时,能够根据环境温度控制抑菌植物精油释放速度,从而提高抑菌效果,延长食品的保质期。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本申请作进一步详细说明。
原料的制备例
制备例1
温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊,包括芯材和包裹芯材的壁材,芯材由30g的抑菌植物精油和4g的吐温-80组成,抑菌植物精油是肉桂精油,壁材由包含如下重量的原料制成:
聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺50g;
羧甲基纤维素25g;
聚乙二醇10g,聚乙二醇的分子量为400;
海藻酸钠12g;
十二烷基磺酸钠3g。
温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊由以下步骤制得:
水相的制备:将聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、海藻酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠加入1L去离子水中,搅拌分散均匀,得到壁材液;
油相的制备:将肉桂精油和吐温-80加入适量乙醇中,搅拌分散均匀,乙醇的量能够充分溶解肉桂精油即可,得到芯材液;
微胶囊的制备:将芯材液滴加至搅拌状态下的壁材液中,搅拌剪切,搅拌转速13000rpm,搅拌时间5min,高压均质,高压均质次数为两次,第一次高压均质压力为18MPa,第二次高压均质压力为28MPa,得到乳化液,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥时,进液速度为9mL/min,进风温度为145℃,出风温度为70℃,冷却,得到温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊。
制备例2
温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊,与制备例1的不同之处在于,芯材由20g的抑菌植物精油和2g的吐温-80组成,壁材由包含如下重量的原料制成:
聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺40g;
羧甲基纤维素20g;
聚乙二醇8g,聚乙二醇的分子量为400;
海藻酸钠10g;
十二烷基磺酸钠2g。
制备例3
温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊,与制备例1的不同之处在于,芯材由40g的抑菌植物精油和6g的吐温-80组成,壁材由包含如下重量的原料制成:
聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺60g;
羧甲基纤维素30g;
聚乙二醇12g,聚乙二醇的分子量为400;
海藻酸钠14g;
十二烷基磺酸钠4g。
制备例4
温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊,与制备例1的不同之处在于,抑菌植物精油是丁香精油。
制备例5
温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊,与制备例1的不同之处在于,抑菌植物精油是桉树精油。
制备例6
温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊,与制备例1的不同之处在于,微胶囊的制备步骤中,搅拌剪切,搅拌转速12000rpm,搅拌时间4min,高压均质,高压均质次数为两次,第一次高压均质压力为15MPa,第二次高压均质压力为25MPa,得到乳化液,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥时,进液速度为8mL/min,进风温度为140℃,出风温度为65℃,冷却,得到温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊。
制备例7
温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊,与制备例1的不同之处在于,微胶囊的制备步骤中,搅拌剪切,搅拌转速14000rpm,搅拌时间6min,高压均质,高压均质次数为两次,第一次高压均质压力为20MPa,第二次高压均质压力为30MPa,得到乳化液,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥时,进液速度为10mL/min,进风温度为150℃,出风温度为75℃,冷却,得到温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊。
对比制备例1
温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊,与制备例1的不同之处在于,将羧甲基纤维素替换为等质量的甲基纤维素。
对比制备例2
温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊,与制备例1的不同之处在于,聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的用量为30g。
对比制备例3
温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊,与制备例1的不同之处在于,聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的用量为80g。
实施例
实施例1
一种可食用薄膜,由包含如下重量份数的原料制成:
玉米淀粉100g;
壳聚糖80g;
丙三醇18g;
吐温-80 6g;
温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊25g;
3w/v%乙酸溶液适量,乙酸溶液能够使壳聚糖充分溶解即可,温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊由制备例1制得。
可食用薄膜由以下步骤制得:
制备玉米淀粉糊,称取玉米淀粉溶解于适量蒸馏水中,在96℃条件下恒温水浴糊化15min,得到玉米淀粉糊;
制备壳聚糖乙酸溶液,将壳聚糖溶于乙酸溶液中,搅拌均匀,得到壳聚糖乙酸溶液;
制备薄膜,将玉米淀粉糊、壳聚糖乙酸溶液、丙三醇、吐温-80和温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊混合,均质,脱气,流延成膜,烘干,得到可食用薄膜。
实施例2-7
一种可食用薄膜,与实施例1的不同之处在于,温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊依次由制备例2-7制得。
实施例8
一种可食用薄膜,与实施例1的不同之处在于,由包含如下重量份数的原料制成:
玉米淀粉100g;
壳聚糖50g;
丙三醇10g;
吐温-80 4g;
温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊20g;
1w/v%乙酸溶液适量。
实施例9
一种可食用薄膜,与实施例1的不同之处在于,由包含如下重量份数的原料制成:
玉米淀粉100g;
壳聚糖25g;
丙三醇8g;
吐温-80 30g;
温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊30g;
5w/v%乙酸溶液适量。
实施例10
一种可食用薄膜,与实施例1的不同之处在于,温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊的用量为20g。
实施例11
一种可食用薄膜,与实施例1的不同之处在于,温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊的用量为30g。
对比例
对比例1
一种可食用薄膜,与实施例1的不同之处在于,温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊由对比制备例1制得。
对比例2-3
一种可食用薄膜,与实施例1的不同之处在于,温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊依次由对比制备例2-3制得。
对比例4
一种可食用薄膜,与实施例1的不同之处在于,温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊的用量为10g。
对比例5
一种可食用薄膜,与实施例1的不同之处在于,温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊的用量为40g。
对比例6
一种可食用薄膜,与实施例1的不同之处在于,温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊替换为等质量的明胶精油微胶囊,明胶精油微胶囊由以下步骤制得:将明胶溶解于蒸馏水中,得到100g明胶饱和溶液,将30g肉桂精油和4g吐温-80加入60mL去离子水中,搅拌均匀,形成稳定的水包油乳液,将水包油乳液加入明胶饱和溶液中,80℃下加热2h,洗涤,室温干燥,得到明胶精油微胶囊。
性能检测试验
检测方法
一、精油释放率的测试
(1)分别取实施例1-11和对比例1-6制备的可食用薄膜,每个实施例或对比例取9片可食用薄膜,每片可食用薄膜的形状、大小和质量均相同,备用;
(2)称取0.1g可食用薄膜,采用紫外光谱法测试精油含量m1,则精油含率η=m1/m2*100%式中:
η为精油含率,%;
m1为可食用薄膜中精油的质量,g;
m2为可食用薄膜质量,g;
(3)第1-3片分别置于恒温15℃的恒温箱内,第4-6片分别置于恒温25℃的恒温箱内,第7-9片分别置于恒温35℃的恒温箱内,在1天后按照步骤(2)的方法测定精油含率,并计算释放速率:
Q=(1-ηi-η0)*100%
式中:
ηi为第i天精油含率,%;
η0为精油初始含率;
(4)针对实施例1-3,第4-6片分别置于恒温25℃的恒温箱内,每隔3天按照步骤(2)-(3)的方法测定精油含率,并计算释放速率,结果如表1-2所示。
表1精油释放率的测试结果
表2实施例1-3在25℃条件下精油释放率的测试结果
二、孔隙率测试
(1)分别取制备例1-7和对比制备例1-3中的温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊,分别置于恒温15℃、25℃、35℃的恒温箱内,1h后采用气体吸附仪测试并计算出孔隙率,%,结果如表3所示。
表3制备例1-7和对比制备例1-3的孔隙率测试结果
三、抑菌效果测试
分别取实施例1、实施例11和对比例6中的可食用薄膜,用剪刀剪出5mm*5mm,紫外杀菌后,放入含有107-108菌落的实验平板中央,将大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌置于36℃±1℃的培养箱培养24h,将霉菌置于28±1℃的培养箱培养72h,重复试验3次,取平均值,通过比较抑菌圈大小来评价抗菌活性的大小,分别在15℃、25℃、35℃的恒温箱内测试抑菌圈直径/mm,结果如表4所示。
表4抑菌效果测试结果
结合实施例1-11和对比例1-6并结合表1可以看出,对比例6在15℃、25℃、35℃的温度下,精油释放率基本不变,说明明胶精油微胶囊不具有温度敏感性,实施例1-3在温度上升的同时,精油释放率逐渐增大,说明本申请的温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊具有温度敏感性,且随着温度升高,精油释放率逐渐增大;实施例4-5也表现出与实施例1相同的规律,说明丁香精油和桉树精油制备的温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊具有温度敏感性,且随着温度升高,精油释放率逐渐增大;与实施例1相比,对比例1在15℃、25℃、35℃的温度下的精油释放率较低,说明采用羧甲基纤维素作为壁材原料的微胶囊优于采用甲基纤维素作为壁材原料的微胶囊;与实施例1相比,对比例2在15℃、25℃、35℃的温度下的精油释放率较低,甚至低于对比例1,对比例3的精油释放率基本不变,说明聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的用量会影响温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊的精油释放率,用量太少时,精油释放率降低,用量太大时,性能没有明显提升,反而成本会升高,因此,聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的用量优选为40-60份。对比例4的温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊用量降低时,对应的精油释放率降低,对比例5的温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊用量升高时,对应的精油释放率升高,考虑成本因素,温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊的用量优选为20-30份。
结合实施例1-3并结合表1-2可以看出,随着测试时间的延长,实施例1-3的精油释放率趋于稳定,说明本申请的温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊具有缓释效果。
结合制备例1-7和对比制备例1-3并结合表3可以看出,制备例1-7随着温度的升高,孔隙率逐渐变大,说明温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊的孔径能够随着温度升高而变大,从而提高了精油释放率,对比制备例1的孔隙率低于制备例1,说明采用羧甲基纤维素作为壁材原料的微胶囊优于采用甲基纤维素作为壁材原料的微胶囊;对比制备例2的孔隙率低于制备例1,对比制备例3的孔隙率略高于制备例1,说明聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的用量会影响温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊的孔隙率。
结合实施例1、11和对比例6并结合表4可以看出,随着温度的升高,实施例1和11对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌和霉菌的抑菌圈直径逐渐变大,随着温度的升高,对比例6对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌和霉菌的抑菌圈反而逐渐变小,说明对比例6的可食用薄膜不具有温度敏感性,抑菌效果较差,本申请的可食用薄膜具有温度敏感性,温度升高时,精油释放率变大,能够提高抑菌效果。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释,其并不是对本申请的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (8)
1.一种可食用薄膜,其特征在于:由包含如下重量份数的原料制成:
玉米淀粉100份;
壳聚糖50-100份;
丙三醇10-25份;
吐温-80 4-8份;
温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊20-30份;
1-5w/v%乙酸溶液适量;
所述温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊包括芯材和包裹芯材的壁材,以所述温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊的重量为基准,所述芯材由20-40份的抑菌植物精油和2-6份的吐温-80组成,所述壁材由包含如下重量份数的原料制成:
聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺40-60份;
羧甲基纤维素20-30份;
聚乙二醇8-12份;
海藻酸钠10-14份;
十二烷基磺酸钠2-4份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可食用薄膜,其特征在于:所述温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊的制备包括以下步骤:
水相的制备:将聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、海藻酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠加入水中,搅拌分散均匀,得到壁材液;
油相的制备:将抑菌植物精油和吐温-80加入适量乙醇中,搅拌分散均匀,得到芯材液;
微胶囊的制备:将芯材液滴加至搅拌状态下的壁材液中,搅拌剪切,高压均质,得到乳化液,喷雾干燥,冷却,得到温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种可食用薄膜,其特征在于:所述搅拌剪切的条件为:搅拌转速12000-14000rpm,搅拌时间4-6min。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种可食用薄膜,其特征在于:所述高压均质次数为两次,第一次高压均质压力为15-20MPa,第二次高压均质压力为25-30MPa。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种可食用薄膜,其特征在于:所述喷雾干燥时,进风温度为140-150℃,出风温度为65-75℃。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种可食用薄膜,其特征在于:所述喷雾干燥时,进液速度为8-10mL/min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种可食用薄膜,其特征在于:所述抑菌植物精油选自肉桂精油、丁香精油和桉树精油中的任意一种。
8.权利要求1-7任一项所述的可食用薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
制备玉米淀粉糊,称取玉米淀粉溶解于适量蒸馏水中,在95-98℃条件下恒温水浴糊化14-16min,得到玉米淀粉糊;
制备壳聚糖乙酸溶液,将壳聚糖溶于乙酸溶液中,得到壳聚糖乙酸溶液;
制备薄膜,将玉米淀粉糊、壳聚糖乙酸溶液、丙三醇、吐温-80和温度敏感缓释抑菌精油微胶囊混合,均质,脱气,流延成膜,烘干,得到可食用薄膜。
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