CN114245556B - Arc radiation characteristic measurement system and method for arc plasma generator - Google Patents
Arc radiation characteristic measurement system and method for arc plasma generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN114245556B CN114245556B CN202111540836.7A CN202111540836A CN114245556B CN 114245556 B CN114245556 B CN 114245556B CN 202111540836 A CN202111540836 A CN 202111540836A CN 114245556 B CN114245556 B CN 114245556B
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 abstract 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/0006—Investigating plasma, e.g. measuring the degree of ionisation or the electron temperature
- H05H1/0012—Investigating plasma, e.g. measuring the degree of ionisation or the electron temperature using electromagnetic or particle radiation, e.g. interferometry
- H05H1/0037—Investigating plasma, e.g. measuring the degree of ionisation or the electron temperature using electromagnetic or particle radiation, e.g. interferometry by spectrometry
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an arc radiation characteristic measuring system and method of an arc plasma generator. The measuring system comprises a front electrode, a rear electrode, a gas rotating device, an optical measuring sheet, a radiation collecting lens, a spectrometer and a data acquisition terminal, wherein the gas rotating device is used for introducing a cold test medium between the front electrode and the rear electrode, the front electrode and the rear electrode are subjected to breakdown discharge to generate thermal arcs so as to heat the cold test medium and generate arc plasmas, the optical measuring sheet and the radiation collecting lens are respectively used for collecting arc plasma radiation luminescence at the front electrode position and the rear electrode position and transmitting the arc plasma radiation luminescence to the spectrometer through multimode optical fibers, and the data acquisition terminal is connected with the spectrometer and outputs arc radiation spectrum information with discrete wavelengths. The measuring system and the measuring method can effectively measure the radiation characteristics of the arc plasma in the arc plasma generator in real time on line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aero-thermal test research on the ground of an aircraft, in particular to a system and a method for measuring arc radiation characteristics of an arc plasma generator.
Background
The arc plasma generator generates thermal arc through breakdown discharge, can simulate a high-temperature environment of tens of thousands of K, and has important application in the aspects of plasma waste treatment and plasma heat treatment. The high-power arc heater can generate a high-temperature and high-pressure thermal environment, and is widely applied to the test research of the thermal protection ground of the reentry of high-speed aircrafts and spacecrafts at present.
With the pursuit of higher and higher flying speeds of spacecraft, the requirements of the arc heater on simulated thermal environments (enthalpy, heat flow, pressure) and the like are higher and higher, and the requirements on the capability of the arc heater equipment are also higher and higher. In the past, the experimental study on the high-power arc heater mainly aims at macroscopic operation parameters (voltage, current and pressure) of the high-power arc heater, and conventional pressure, voltage and current sensors are adopted for research, so that the research on the internal airflow characteristics of the arc heater is lacking. Meanwhile, for the high-temperature airflow radiation characteristics in the high-power (hundreds of kilowatts to megawatts) arc heater applied to engineering research, the result of the characteristics of the arc plasma in the arc heater cannot be obtained effectively due to the severe thermal environment, so that a basis is provided for optimizing airflow parameters and the arc heater.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an arc radiation characteristic measuring system and an arc radiation characteristic measuring method for an arc plasma generator, which can effectively measure the arc plasma radiation characteristic in the arc plasma generator in real time on line.
The invention provides an arc radiation characteristic measuring system of an arc plasma generator, which comprises a front electrode, a rear electrode, a gas rotating device, an optical measuring sheet, a radiation collecting lens, a spectrometer and a data acquisition terminal, wherein the gas rotating device is used for introducing a cold test medium between the front electrode and the rear electrode, the front electrode and the rear electrode are subjected to breakdown discharge to generate a thermal arc so as to heat the cold test medium and generate arc plasma, the optical measuring sheet and the radiation collecting lens are respectively used for collecting arc plasma radiation luminescence at the front electrode position and the rear electrode position and transmitting the radiation luminescence to the spectrometer through multimode optical fibers, and the data acquisition terminal is connected with the spectrometer and outputs arc radiation spectrum information with discrete wavelengths.
According to the arc radiation characteristic measuring system and method of the arc plasma generator, the focusing position of the optical system is changed, so that the radiation characteristics of the arc heater from the rear electrode to the front electrode at different axial positions can be collected, and further the gas radiation characteristics of spatial distribution can be obtained.
Further, the rear electrode is insulated and coaxially arranged at the rear end of the front electrode, an optical window is arranged at the rear end of the rear electrode, and the cyclone device is arranged on the rear electrode in a manner of being close to the optical window.
Further, the air inlet direction of the air swirling device is tangential; the air inlet number of the air swirling device is 4-8; the tangential air inlet angle of the air swirling device is 45-90 degrees. The cyclone device ensures that the airflow completely and uniformly covers the optical window as far as possible through tangential air inlet, and the optical window is protected to work stably, effectively and for a long time when an electric arc works in a cyclone cooling mode.
Further, an optical measuring sheet is arranged at the front end of the front electrode; the radiation collecting lens is disposed outside the rear end of the rear electrode.
Further, the radiation collecting lens is formed by combining a lens, an optical filter and a slit; wherein, the focal length of the lens is 0.3-2m; the transmission wavelength of the optical filter is 200-1000nm, and the transmittance is 0.1-0.9; the diameter of the slit is 0.3-10mm. By selecting the combination of lenses with different focal lengths and slits with different apertures, radiation collection with different positions and different collection areas can be realized.
Further, the optical measuring sheet is formed by combining a red copper sheet, a lens and an optical flat sheet; wherein, the lens of the optical flat adopts quartz and CaF 2 Or a sapphire lens; the focal length of the lens is 20-40mm.
Specifically, an optical measurement channel is arranged in the middle of the optical measurement sheet; the independent cooling circulation water channels are arranged on the two sides and consist of one water inlet hole, one cooling water channel and one water outlet hole, so that the strong water cooling effect is ensured, and the long-time stable work of the optical measuring sheet is ensured.
Further, the optical window adopts a quartz flat sheet or a sapphire flat sheet.
Further, the spectrometer is an echelon spectrometer; the working wave band of the spectrometer is 200-1000nm, and the spectral resolution is 20-50pm.
Further, the multimode optical fiber is an ultraviolet reinforced optical fiber; the core diameter of the multimode optical fiber is 0.4-1mm.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the arc radiation characteristics of the arc plasma generator, which adopts the arc radiation characteristic measuring system of the arc plasma generator to measure the arc radiation characteristics.
The implementation of the invention has at least the following advantages:
1. the arc radiation characteristic measuring system and method of the arc plasma generator can realize the on-line real-time measurement of the radiation characteristic of the plasma in the high-power arc heater with the magnitude of hundreds of kilowatts to megawatts;
2. the arc radiation characteristic measuring system and method of the arc plasma generator can realize the spatial resolution measurement of the gas radiation characteristics at different positions of the front electrode and the rear electrode of the arc plasma generator;
3. the arc radiation characteristic measuring system and method of the arc plasma generator can realize long-time online measurement, and the measuring time can reach kilosecond order.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an arc radiation characteristic measurement system of an arc plasma generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cyclone device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an optical measuring sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a CO of the rear electrode of a 300kW tubular arc heater in example 2 of the present invention 2 The spectral characteristics of the dielectric arc plasma radiation;
FIG. 5 is a CO of the electrode arc chamber before a 300kW tubular arc heater in example 2 of the present invention 2 The spectral characteristics of the dielectric arc plasma radiation;
FIG. 6 is a 300kW tubular arc heater CO in example 2 of the invention 2 The change of the spectral intensity of the Cu radiation of the arc plasma with time;
FIG. 7 is a 300kW tubular arc heater CO in example 2 of the invention 2 The spectral intensity of the arc plasma O radiation varies with time.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1: a front electrode; 2: a rear electrode; 3: a cyclone device; 4: an optical window; 5: a radiation collection lens; 6: a multimode optical fiber; 7: a spectrometer; 8: a data acquisition terminal; 9: an optical measuring plate.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the present application. As used herein, the singular forms also include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in connection with the embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the arc radiation characteristic measuring system of the arc plasma generator of the present embodiment includes a front electrode 1, a rear electrode 2, a gas swirling device 3, an optical measuring sheet 9, a radiation collecting lens 5, a spectrometer 7 and a data collecting terminal 8, wherein the gas swirling device 3 is used for introducing a cold test medium between the front electrode 1 and the rear electrode 2, the front electrode 1 and the rear electrode 2 are subjected to breakdown discharge to generate a thermal arc so as to heat the cold test medium and generate arc plasma, the optical measuring sheet 9 and the radiation collecting lens 5 are respectively used for collecting arc plasma radiation luminescence at the front electrode 1 position and the rear electrode 2 position and transmitting the arc radiation luminescence to the spectrometer 7 through a multimode optical fiber 6, and the data collecting terminal 8 is connected with the spectrometer 7 and outputs arc radiation spectrum information with discrete wavelengths.
In this embodiment, the front electrode 1 is an anode, the rear electrode 2 is a cathode, and the front electrode 1 and the rear electrode 2 are capable of breakdown discharge to generate a thermal arc; the specific structures of the front electrode 1 and the rear electrode 2 are not strictly limited, and a conventional tubular electrode may be employed.
Specifically, the rear electrode 2 may be insulated and coaxially disposed at the rear end of the front electrode 1, and an optical window 4 is disposed at the rear end of the rear electrode 2, where the optical window 4 may be a quartz flat sheet or a sapphire flat sheet; the gas swirling device 3 is arranged on the rear electrode 2 in close proximity to the optical window 4.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the intake direction of the air swirling device 3 may be set to be tangential; the number of air inlet of the air swirling device 3 can be 4-8, and a plurality of air inlet can be uniformly distributed on the circumferential direction of the rear electrode 2; when the radial direction of the rear electrode 2 is set to 0 °, the tangential air intake angle of the air swirling device 3 may be set to 45 ° -90 °. The cyclone device 3 ensures that the airflow completely and uniformly covers the optical window as far as possible through tangential air intake, and the optical window 4 is protected to work stably, effectively and for a long time when the arc works by adopting a cyclone cooling mode.
The optical measuring sheet 9 and the radiation collecting lens 5 are respectively used for collecting the arc plasma radiation luminescence at the position of the front electrode 1 and the position of the rear electrode 2, the structure and the arrangement mode are not strictly limited, and the device can be reasonably arranged according to actual detection requirements. Specifically, the optical measuring sheet 9 may be disposed at the front end of the front electrode 1; the radiation collecting lens 5 may be arranged outside the rear end of the rear electrode 2, i.e. outside the optical window 4.
In the present embodiment, the radiation collecting lens 5 may be formed by combining a lens, a filter, and a slit; wherein, the focal length of the lens is 0.3-2m; the transmission wavelength of the optical filter is 200-1000nm, and the transmittance is 0.1-0.9; the diameter of the slit is 0.3-10mm. By selecting the combination of lenses with different focal lengths and slits with different apertures, radiation collection with different positions and different collection areas can be realized.
The optical measuring sheet 9 can be formed by combining a red copper sheet, a lens and an optical flat sheet; wherein, the lens of the optical flat adopts quartz and CaF 2 Or a sapphire lens; the focal length of the lens is 20-40mm.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, an optical measurement channel is arranged in the middle of the optical measurement sheet 9; the independent cooling circulation water channels are arranged on the two sides, and the independent cooling circulation water channels consist of one water inlet hole, one cooling water channel and one water outlet hole, so that the strong water cooling effect is ensured, and the long-time stable operation of the optical measuring sheet 9 is ensured.
In the present embodiment, the spectrometer 7 may be an echelle spectrometer; the operating band of the spectrometer 7 may be 200-1000nm and the spectral resolution may be 20-50pm.
Furthermore, the multimode optical fiber 6 may be an ultraviolet-reinforced optical fiber; the multimode optical fiber 6 may have a core diameter of 0.4-1mm.
The arc radiation characteristic measuring system of the arc plasma generator of the embodiment utilizes the cyclone device 3 to charge cold test medium between the front electrode 1 and the rear electrode 2, and simultaneously the front electrode 1 and the rear electrode 2 break down discharge to generate thermal arc so as to heat the cold test medium and generate arc plasma. The arc plasma radiation luminescence at the positions of the front electrode 1 and the rear electrode 2 is respectively collected by an optical measuring sheet 9 and a radiation collecting lens 5, is transmitted to a spectrometer 7 through a multimode optical fiber 6, is subjected to spectroscopic processing, and can obtain radiation spectrum information with discrete wavelengths at a data acquisition terminal 8. The arc radiation characteristic measuring system of the arc plasma generator can effectively obtain the result of the arc plasma characteristic in the high-power arc heater, and further provides a basis for optimizing airflow parameters and the arc heater.
Example 2
The arc radiation characteristic measuring method of the arc plasma generator of this embodiment is performed using the arc radiation characteristic measuring system of the arc plasma generator of embodiment 1, and the measuring system uses a 300kW tubular arc heater. The specific measurement method is as follows:
the cyclone device 3 is used for introducing a cold test medium between the front electrode 1 and the rear electrode 2, and the front electrode 1 and the rear electrode 2 are subjected to breakdown discharge to generate a thermal arc which heats the cold test medium to generate arc plasma. The arc plasma radiation luminescence at the position of the rear electrode 2 is collected by a radiation collecting lens 5 through an optical window 4, is transmitted to a spectrometer 7 through a multimode optical fiber 6, is subjected to spectroscopic processing, and can obtain radiation spectrum information with discrete wavelengths at a data acquisition terminal 8. The arc plasma radiation at the position of the front electrode 1 emits light, is collected at an optical measuring sheet 9, is transmitted to a spectrometer 7 through a multimode optical fiber 6, is subjected to spectroscopic processing, and can obtain radiation spectrum information with discrete wavelengths at a data acquisition terminal 8.
FIGS. 4 and 5 show CO of the arc chambers of the rear electrode 2 and the front electrode 1 of the 300kW tubular arc heater, respectively 2 The spectral characteristics of the dielectric arc plasma radiation; FIGS. 6 and 7 show 300kW tubular arc heater CO 2 Arc plasma typically comprises a change in the spectral intensity of radiation over time.
The results show that: the measuring system and the method can realize the on-line real-time measurement of the plasma radiation characteristics in the high-power arc heater, and can realize the spatial resolution measurement of the gas radiation characteristics at different positions of the front electrode 1 and the rear electrode 2 of the arc plasma generator, and the on-line measurement time is long and can reach the kilosecond order.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The arc radiation characteristic measuring system of the arc plasma generator is characterized by comprising a front electrode, a rear electrode, a gas rotating device, an optical measuring sheet, a radiation collecting lens, a spectrometer and a data acquisition terminal, wherein the rear electrode is insulated and coaxially arranged at the rear end of the front electrode; the air inlet direction of the air rotating device is tangential; the air inlet number of the air swirling device is 4-8; the tangential air inlet angle of the air swirling device is 45-90 degrees; the radiation collecting lens is formed by combining a lens, an optical filter and a slit; wherein, the focal length of the lens is 0.3-2m; the transmission wavelength of the optical filter is 200-1000nm, and the transmittance is 0.1-0.9; the diameter of the slit is 0.3-10mm; the optical measuring sheet is formed by combining a red copper sheet, a lens and an optical flat sheet; wherein, the lens of the optical flat adopts quartz and CaF 2 Or a sapphire lens; the focal length of the lens is 20-40mm.
2. The arc plasma generator arc radiation characteristic measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the optical measurement piece is provided at a front end of the front electrode; the radiation collecting lens is disposed outside the rear end of the rear electrode.
3. The arc plasma generator arc radiation characteristic measurement system of claim 1, wherein the optical window is a quartz plate or a sapphire plate.
4. The arc plasma generator arc radiation characteristic measurement system of claim 1 wherein the spectrometer is an echelon spectrometer; the working wave band of the spectrometer is 200-1000nm, and the spectral resolution is 20-50pm.
5. The arc plasma generator arc radiation characteristic measurement system of claim 1 wherein the multimode optical fiber is an ultraviolet-enhanced optical fiber; the core diameter of the multimode optical fiber is 0.4-1mm.
6. A method for measuring arc radiation characteristics of an arc plasma generator, characterized in that the arc radiation characteristics are measured by the arc radiation characteristic measuring system of an arc plasma generator according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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| CN114245556A (en) | 2022-03-25 |
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