CN114243244B - High-frequency high-power waveguide coaxial converter under low-pressure condition - Google Patents

High-frequency high-power waveguide coaxial converter under low-pressure condition Download PDF

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CN114243244B
CN114243244B CN202111525251.8A CN202111525251A CN114243244B CN 114243244 B CN114243244 B CN 114243244B CN 202111525251 A CN202111525251 A CN 202111525251A CN 114243244 B CN114243244 B CN 114243244B
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waveguide
cavity
coaxial
insulator
shell
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CN114243244A (en
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吴小帅
陈昱宇
祁云飞
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CETC 13 Research Institute
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H01P5/10Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced with unbalanced lines or devices
    • H01P5/103Hollow-waveguide/coaxial-line transitions
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The invention provides a high-frequency high-power waveguide coaxial converter under the condition of low air pressure, which belongs to the technical field of waveguide coaxial converters and comprises a shell and a waveguide cavity formed in the shell, wherein the shell is provided with a through hole communicated with the waveguide cavity, a coaxial insulator is arranged in the through hole, and the linear distance between the inner end of the coaxial insulator and the inner wall of the waveguide cavity is not less than 1.4mm so as to increase the effective spacing between electrodes and reduce the maximum electric field intensity in the waveguide cavity. The high-frequency high-power waveguide coaxial converter under the low-pressure condition solves the technical problems of ignition and local burning of the coaxial microwave insulator in the feed-in waveguide, which are caused by high-frequency high-power transmission and conversion under the low-pressure condition, and has the technical effects of increasing the effective spacing between electrodes, reducing the breakdown field intensity and avoiding low-pressure ignition under the conditions of low-pressure and high-frequency high-power transmission and conversion, and ensuring reliable work through experimental verification.

Description

High-frequency high-power waveguide coaxial converter under low-pressure condition
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of waveguide coaxial converters, and particularly relates to a high-frequency high-power waveguide coaxial converter under a low-pressure condition.
Background
Probe coupling is a common conversion method from coaxial to rectangular waveguide, and as shown in fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a structure in which a coaxial probe is inserted into a rectangular waveguide is shown. The inner conductor of the coaxial line vertically extends into the cavity from the wide side of the rectangular waveguide, and can excite the electromagnetic wave of the TE10 mode in the waveguide. The coaxial line transmits a TEM mode, reverse alternating current exists in the inner conductor and the outer conductor, alternating electric charges at the end of the inner conductor generate an alternating electric field in the waveguide cavity, and electromagnetic waves are excited at both longitudinal ends of the waveguide during detection if no other additional measures exist in the device. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a short-circuiting surface at one end of the waveguide to reflect the electromagnetic wave transmitted to the port to the other port. It should be noted that the probe excites other modes besides the TE10 mode, such as TE01, TE11, etc., and therefore the appropriate waveguide dimensions should be chosen such that other higher order modes are attenuated when close to the probe.
When the probe is used for coupling, the probe is required to excite a required mode, and the coaxial waveguide conversion device is required to transmit maximum power, namely, the probe excitation is matched with the waveguide, so that the reflection in the waveguide is minimized. The structure is analyzed in detail in guided wave field theory by klin, and the radiation resistance of the probe antenna is obtained by solving the radiation field generated by the current source in the waveguide and is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003410075550000011
for a lossless coaxial line for transmitting a TEM mode, the characteristic impedance is as follows:
Figure BDA0003410075550000021
it can be seen from the above formula that the radiation resistance of the probe and the characteristic impedance Z of the coaxial line can be obtained by properly adjusting the length d of the coaxial probe and the distance l between the short-circuit surface of the waveguide and the coaxial line 0 Equal so that most of the incident power is coupled into the waveguide.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the coupling electric field of the waveguide probe, in which the electric field has only y-direction component and is distributed with central symmetry relative to the a-side, and the mode value is in the form of half of a sine function. When the probe is inserted along the center of the edge a and parallel to the direction of the electric field in the waveguide, the probe is positioned at the strongest position of the electric field, and the coupling is strongest.
According to the principle, a waveguide coaxial probe coupling structure of a K frequency band is designed, low-loss waveguide-coaxial-microstrip conversion is achieved by optimizing the diameter, the length and the short section distance of the probe, and microwave energy is converted into a planar microstrip circuit (or vice versa) from a waveguide.
Modeling and simulation verification are carried out on the converter by using simulation software, as shown in fig. 3-4, a simulation model and a simulation result of the K-band waveguide-coaxial-microstrip conversion are shown, and according to the simulation result, the following steps are shown: in the frequency range of 19.5 GHz-21.5 GHz, the insertion loss of the waveguide coaxial converter is less than or equal to 0.1dB, the return loss is less than or equal to-22 dB, the insertion loss is less than or equal to 0.3dB during application according to actual manufacturing experience, and the waveguide coaxial converter has excellent transmission characteristics.
Under the condition of low air pressure, the problems of ignition and local burning of a coaxial microwave insulator in a feed-in waveguide, which are caused by high-frequency high-power transmission and conversion, are analyzed by combining the principle of low-air-pressure discharge, so that the power of a high-frequency signal fed into the waveguide from the coaxial insulator is high, and under the condition of low air pressure, the electric field intensity at the top end of the insulator exceeds the field intensity threshold value of low-air-pressure discharge, the phenomena of low-air-pressure discharge, burning and local burning of a radio frequency insulator occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-frequency high-power waveguide coaxial converter under a low-pressure condition, and aims to solve the technical problems that a coaxial microwave insulator in a feed-in waveguide is ignited and locally burnt when high-frequency high-power transmission conversion occurs under the low-pressure condition.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the high-frequency high-power waveguide coaxial converter comprises a shell and a waveguide cavity formed in the shell, wherein a through hole communicated with the waveguide cavity is formed in the shell, a coaxial insulator is arranged in the through hole, and the linear distance between the inner end of the coaxial insulator and the inner wall of the waveguide cavity is not less than 1.4mm so as to increase the effective distance between electrodes and reduce the maximum electric field intensity in the waveguide cavity.
In a possible implementation manner, the coaxial insulator includes an outer conductor and an inner conductor which are coaxially arranged, and an intermediate medium formed between the outer conductor and the inner conductor, an inner end of the inner conductor extends into the waveguide cavity, and the outer conductor is welded on the housing.
In one possible implementation, an insulator is formed in the through hole, the inner conductor penetrates through the insulator, and the outer conductor is placed on the outer wall of the shell.
In a possible implementation, a disc for preventing sparking is coaxially arranged on the inner conductor in the waveguide cavity.
In one possible implementation, the outer conductor is cylindrical and has an outer diameter greater than the outer diameter of the disc.
In a possible implementation manner, the disc is arranged at a distance from the outer conductor, and the disc is not in contact with the inner wall of the waveguide cavity.
In a possible implementation manner, the waveguide cavity includes a first horizontal cavity, a vertical cavity and a second horizontal cavity which are mutually communicated and combined to form a zigzag shape, and the inner conductor of the coaxial insulator extends into the first horizontal cavity.
In one possible implementation, the wall surface of each side inside the waveguide cavity is planar.
In a possible implementation manner, on the vertical cross section of the housing, the first horizontal cavity and the second horizontal cavity are both rectangular, the vertical cavity is in a right trapezoid shape, and the bottom of the vertical cavity is close to the coaxial insulator and the width of the bottom is greater than the width of the top.
In one possible implementation, the width of the first horizontal cavity is the width of the second horizontal cavity.
The high-frequency high-power waveguide coaxial converter under the low-pressure condition has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the high-frequency high-power waveguide coaxial converter under the low-pressure condition comprises a shell and a waveguide cavity formed in the shell, wherein the shell is provided with a through hole communicated with the waveguide cavity, a coaxial insulator is arranged in the through hole, and the straight line distance between the inner end of the coaxial insulator and the inner wall of the waveguide cavity is not less than 1.4mm, so that the effective distance between electrodes is increased, the maximum electric field intensity in the waveguide cavity is reduced, the technical problem that the coaxial microwave insulator fed into the waveguide is ignited and locally burnt in the high-frequency high-power transmission conversion under the low-pressure condition is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a prior art rectangular waveguide with a coaxial probe inserted therein;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of coupling electric fields of a waveguide probe in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a simulation model of the K-band waveguide-coax-microstrip transition in the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a simulation result of the K-band waveguide-coaxial-microstrip transition in the prior art;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a conventional waveguide coaxial transformer in the prior art;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-frequency high-power waveguide coaxial converter under a low pressure condition according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of the structure of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of the structure of FIG. 6;
fig. 9 is a perspective view of the structure of the coaxial insulator shown in fig. 5 and 7;
fig. 10 is a perspective view of the coaxial insulator structure of fig. 6 and 8;
fig. 11 is a simulation model of a high-frequency high-power waveguide coaxial converter under a low pressure condition according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is an electrical performance simulation result of the high-frequency high-power waveguide coaxial converter provided in the embodiment of the present invention under a low pressure condition;
fig. 13 is a simulation result of the electric field intensity inside the waveguide cavity of the conventional waveguide coaxial converter in the prior art or fig. 5;
fig. 14 is a simulation result of the electric field intensity inside the waveguide cavity of the high-frequency high-power waveguide coaxial converter under the low pressure condition according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals:
1. a housing; 2. a waveguide cavity; 21. a first horizontal cavity; 22. a vertical cavity; 23. a second horizontal cavity; 3. a through hole; 4. a coaxial insulator; 41. an outer conductor; 42. an inner conductor; 5. an insulator; 6. a disk.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 6, 8 and 10, the high-frequency high-power waveguide coaxial converter under low pressure provided by the present invention will now be described. The high-frequency high-power waveguide coaxial converter under the low-pressure condition comprises a shell 1 and a waveguide cavity 2 formed in the shell 1, wherein a through hole 3 communicated with the waveguide cavity 2 is formed in the shell 1, a coaxial insulator 4 is arranged in the through hole 3, and the straight line distance between the inner end of the coaxial insulator 4 and the inner wall of the waveguide cavity 2 is not less than 1.4mm so as to increase the effective spacing between electrodes and reduce the maximum electric field intensity in the waveguide cavity 2.
Compared with the prior art, the high-frequency high-power waveguide coaxial converter under the low-pressure condition comprises a shell 1 and a waveguide cavity 2 formed in the shell 1, wherein the shell 1 is provided with a through hole 3 communicated with the waveguide cavity 2, a coaxial insulator 4 is arranged in the through hole 3, and the straight line distance between the inner end of the coaxial insulator 4 and the inner wall of the waveguide cavity 2 is not less than 1.4mm so as to increase the effective space between electrodes and reduce the maximum electric field intensity in the waveguide cavity 2.
In the present embodiment, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, it is critical to control the strongest electric field intensity inside the waveguide cavity 2 so that the strongest electric field intensity can be lower than the electric field intensity threshold of the low-pressure discharge under the low-pressure working condition.
From paschen curves: the breakdown field strength of the gas is related to the gas pressure P and the effective spacing d between the electrodes, and under the condition that the power of the radio-frequency signal fed into the waveguide cavity 2 is not changed, the electric field strength in the waveguide cavity 2 needs to be reduced, and the only effective way is to improve or optimize the structure of the waveguide coaxial converter, so that the effective spacing between the electrodes is increased, and the technical problem can be solved. The invention reduces the breakdown field strength without low-pressure ignition under the condition of high-frequency high-power transmission and conversion, in the graph of figure 5 and figure 7, the minimum distance between the inner end of a coaxial insulator 4 and the inner wall of a waveguide cavity 2 in the prior art is 0.85mm, but the invention optimizes the structure of the waveguide cavity 2, the minimum distance between the inner end of the coaxial insulator 4 and the inner wall of the waveguide cavity 2 is 1.4mm, the distance between electrodes is increased, a protruding part or a protruding structure on the inner wall of the waveguide cavity 2 near the coaxial insulator 4 is eliminated, the straight line distance between the inner end of the coaxial insulator 4 and the inner wall of the waveguide cavity 2 is increased, and the maximum electric field strength in the waveguide cavity 2 is reduced under the condition of the same output power.
To show the specific structure of the coaxial converter in detail, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 6, 8 and 10, the coaxial insulator 4 includes an outer conductor 41 and an inner conductor 42 coaxially disposed, and an intermediate medium formed between the outer conductor 41 and the inner conductor 42, the inner end of the inner conductor 42 extends into the waveguide cavity 2, and the outer conductor 41 is welded to the housing 1. The intermediate medium can be an insulating medium, the intermediate medium and the outer conductor 41 are in an annular or hollow cylindrical structure, the intermediate medium is sleeved on the inner conductor 42, the inner conductor 42 is a rod-shaped conductor with a height larger than that of the outer conductor 41, the intermediate medium is sleeved on the inner conductor 42, the outer conductor 41 is sleeved on the intermediate medium, and the three are coaxially arranged, so that the coaxial insulator 4 is obtained.
In order to realize the stable fixation of the coaxial insulator 4 in the through hole 3, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 6 and 8, an insulator 5 is formed in the through hole 3, the inner conductor 42 penetrates through the insulator 5, and the outer conductor 41 is disposed on the outer wall of the housing 1. The insulator 5 is fixedly connected in the through hole 3 by the inner conductor 42 penetrating through the insulator 5, and the outer conductor 41 is also welded to the housing 1, so that the coaxial insulator 4 is fixed to the housing 1, and the insulator 5 used in the present embodiment can be a product of the prior art.
In order to achieve the function of preventing the inner conductor 42 from being ignited, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 6, 8 and 10, a disk 6 for preventing the ignition is coaxially disposed on the inner conductor 42 in the waveguide cavity 2. By providing the disc 6 at the inner end of the inner conductor 42, the disc 6 is arranged coaxially with the inner conductor 42 and functions to prevent sparking, whereas the disc 6 is not provided on the inner conductor 42 in the prior art, i.e. does not function to prevent sparking.
While the disc 6 can prevent the spark and reduce the space occupied by the disc inside the waveguide cavity 2, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 6, 8 and 10, the outer conductor 41 has a cylindrical shape and an outer diameter larger than that of the disc 6. The disc 6 and the outer conductor 41 are both cylindrical structures, each of which performs its own function, and the above technical problems can be solved by applying the present embodiment.
In order to avoid the disc 6 and the outer conductor 41 from contacting each other, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 6, 8 and 10, the disc 6 and the outer conductor 41 are spaced apart from each other, and the disc 6 does not contact the inner wall of the waveguide cavity 2. In the specific arrangement, the disc 6 is spaced or separated from the outer conductor 41 in consideration of the use and the technical effect that can be produced. Fig. 5 and 7 show the structure of the coaxial transformer before modification, and fig. 9 shows the structure of the coaxial insulator 4 before modification.
While the effective spacing between the electrodes is increased, the internal structure of the waveguide cavity 2 may be reasonably designed, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 5 to 6, the waveguide cavity 2 includes a first horizontal cavity 21, a vertical cavity 22 and a second horizontal cavity 23 which are mutually communicated and combined to form a zigzag shape, and the inner conductor 42 of the coaxial insulator 4 extends into the first horizontal cavity 21. Through improving the inner structure or the mode of laying to waveguide cavity 2, when solving above-mentioned technical problem, can increase effective interval between the electrode, reduce waveguide cavity 2 inside breakdown field intensity, prevent to strike sparks, make high-power amplifier reliably work.
Specifically, the through hole 3 is arranged at the bottom of the housing 1, the first horizontal cavity 21 is arranged at the lower part, and the second horizontal cavity 23 is arranged at the upper part, as shown in fig. 5-6, the waveguide cavity 2 in the prior art is improved and optimized, and the internal widths of the first horizontal cavity 21 and the vertical cavity 22 of the waveguide cavity 2 are enlarged, so that the effect of increasing the effective spacing between electrodes can be achieved.
In order to reduce the distance between the inner wall of the waveguide cavity 2 and the inner end or top of the coaxial insulator 4, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 5 to 6, the wall surface of each side inside the waveguide cavity 2 is planar. After each wall surface at the inner side of the waveguide cavity 2 is set to be planar, the effective space between the electrodes can be increased, the internal breakdown field strength of the waveguide cavity 2 is reduced, ignition is prevented, and the high-power amplifier can work reliably. The inner walls of the waveguide cavity 2 are combined and connected with each other to form a broken line shape.
In order to solve the above technical problem and facilitate the processing of the waveguide cavity 2, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 5 to 6, in a vertical cross section of the housing 1, the first horizontal cavity 21 and the second horizontal cavity 23 are both rectangular, the vertical cavity 22 is a right trapezoid, a bottom of the vertical cavity 22 is close to the coaxial insulator 4, and a width of the bottom is greater than a width of the top. After setting up through above, especially the width of vertical chamber 22 is compared in the width of vertical chamber 22 among the prior art by obviously promoting, then can increase effective interval between the electrode, reduces 2 inside breakdown field intensities of waveguide cavity, prevents to strike sparks, makes high-power amplifier can reliable work.
In order to facilitate the processing of the waveguide cavity 2 while solving the above technical problems, in some embodiments, please refer to fig. 5 to 6, the width of the first horizontal cavity 21 is equal to the width of the second horizontal cavity 23. After the arrangement, the effective space between the electrodes can be increased, the breakdown field intensity inside the waveguide cavity 2 is reduced, the ignition is prevented, and the high-power amplifier can work reliably.
Through the improvement or optimization of the waveguide coaxial converter in the prior art, the breakdown field strength is effectively reduced and the problem of low-pressure ignition is solved under the condition of ensuring excellent microwave transmission performance, as shown in fig. 13-14, the field strength in the waveguide cavity 2 is simulated and analyzed by adopting CAD auxiliary software, and the beneficial effect of the optimized waveguide coaxial converter of the invention can be obtained.
The following table is a comparison table of the internal field strength of the waveguide cavity 2 in the prior art and the internal field strength of the waveguide cavity 2 according to the present invention.
Figure BDA0003410075550000081
From the relevant data in the above table it can be seen that: the waveguide coaxial converter greatly reduces the strongest electric field intensity in the waveguide cavity 2 under the condition that the power fed into the waveguide cavity 2 is the same. And (3) carrying out output power test under the condition of atmospheric pressure of 2-4 KPa, observing the interior of the waveguide cavity 2 and the coaxial insulator 4 after the test is finished, finding no ignition trace, and enabling the power amplifier to work under the low-pressure condition without generating the phenomenon of low-pressure discharge.
The invention provides a novel waveguide coaxial converter aiming at the problems of ignition and local burning of a coaxial microwave insulator in a feed-in waveguide, which are caused by high-frequency and high-power transmission and conversion under the condition of low air pressure, and the technical problems can be effectively solved and can be popularized and applied in engineering.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The high-frequency high-power waveguide coaxial converter under the low-air pressure condition is characterized by comprising a shell and a waveguide cavity formed in the shell, wherein a through hole communicated with the waveguide cavity is formed in the shell, a coaxial insulator is arranged in the through hole, and the linear distance between the inner end of the coaxial insulator and the inner wall of the waveguide cavity is not less than 1.4mm so as to increase the effective spacing between electrodes and reduce the maximum electric field intensity in the waveguide cavity;
the coaxial insulator comprises an outer conductor and an inner conductor which are coaxially arranged and an intermediate medium formed between the outer conductor and the inner conductor, the inner end of the inner conductor extends into the waveguide cavity, and the outer conductor is welded on the shell;
the waveguide cavity comprises a first horizontal cavity, a vertical cavity and a second horizontal cavity which are communicated with each other and combined to form a Z shape, and an inner conductor of the coaxial insulator extends into the first horizontal cavity;
on the vertical section of the shell, the first horizontal cavity and the second horizontal cavity are both rectangular, the vertical cavity is in a right trapezoid shape, the bottom of the vertical cavity is close to the coaxial insulator, and the width of the bottom of the vertical cavity is larger than that of the top of the vertical cavity; the width of the first horizontal cavity is greater than the width of the second horizontal cavity.
2. The high frequency high power waveguide coaxial transformer under low pressure condition of claim 1, wherein an insulator is formed in the through hole, the inner conductor passes through the insulator, and the outer conductor is disposed on the outer wall of the housing.
3. The low pressure, high frequency, high power waveguide coaxial transformer of claim 2 wherein a disk for preventing sparking is coaxially disposed over the inner conductor within the waveguide cavity.
4. The high frequency high power waveguide coaxial converter under low pressure condition of claim 3, wherein the outer conductor is cylindrical and has an outer diameter larger than that of the disc.
5. The high frequency high power waveguide coaxial transformer under low pressure condition of claim 3, wherein the disc is spaced from the outer conductor, and the disc is not in contact with the inner wall of the waveguide cavity.
6. The high frequency high power waveguide coaxial transformer under low pressure condition of claim 1, wherein the wall surface of each side inside the waveguide cavity is planar.
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