CN114240198A - Method for offshore biodiversity protection based on GAP analysis - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for offshore biodiversity protection based on GAP analysis, and particularly relates to the technical field of biodiversity protection, based on the GAP analysis principle, by collecting biodiversity distribution areas and the current situation of biodiversity protection patterns in a biodiversity set, finding out protection vacancies, screening out protection priority areas, and comprehensively proposing protection pattern optimization suggestions to achieve the aim of guiding the optimization of typical bioresource protection patterns in offshore areas; and by applying the offshore biodiversity protection space pattern mismatch identification technology, the biodiversity rich area which is required to be protected but not protected in the appearing stage can be identified, the areas with high ecological protection value and rich biodiversity and keeping the integrity of an ecological system are prevented from becoming protection vacancy, the condition of strip block cutting caused by administrative division and resource classification setting is broken, the ecological process of an important ecological space is ensured to be complete, species habitats are communicated, and the problems of fragmentation and islanding of a protected area are fundamentally solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biodiversity protection, in particular to a method for offshore biodiversity protection based on GAP analysis.
Background
The biodiversity protection is the basis on which human beings rely for survival, how to effectively protect the existing biodiversity on the earth is a serious problem in front of human beings, along with the development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies, an evaluation method called GAP analysis is developed, and becomes a new way for rapidly evaluating the large-area species protection, the GAP analysis, namely a geographic method for protecting the biodiversity, is a method for rapidly outlining the distribution and protection state of elements in the biodiversity set, is based on the dual purposes of habitat protection and multi-species protection, and is proved to be one of effective methods for protecting the large-scale biodiversity.
At present, most of the definitions of marine biodiversity protection spaces are provided based on management requirements, such as the existing marine natural protection areas, marine special protection areas, aquatic germplasm resource protection areas, marine ecological protection red lines and the like, but the marine ecosystem has the characteristics of intercommunication and openness, and how to provide a protection pattern optimization suggestion of comprehensive offshore typical biodiversity maintenance from the overall perspective of the ecosystem becomes a major problem facing the present stage.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for offshore biodiversity protection based on GAP analysis, which finds out a protection vacancy, screens out a protection priority area, and proposes a protection pattern optimization suggestion comprehensively by collecting a biodiversity distribution area and the current situation of biodiversity protection pattern based on GAP analysis principle, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for offshore biodiversity protection based on GAP analysis comprises the following steps:
step one, data integration, wherein the first step of the data integration is data collection, namely, according to a research purpose, a research range is determined from three aspects of a region range, a time span and a target group, and data are collected; then determining the region range of data collection according to the research target; collecting biological resource ecological protection space type and distribution pattern data of a research area, wherein the range can reach the world to the maximum extent, and the range can also be continents, countries and regions; and determining the time span of acquisition of the biological resource distribution data on the premise of ensuring the data quality and availability according to the requirements of the analysis target.
Step two, the second step of data integration is to remove data, to clean the original data collected in step one, and to remove the data that can not be used for GAP analysis obviously by analyzing the availability of the data;
and step three, forming a data set by removing part of useless data in the step two, namely integrating data meeting analysis conditions and forming the data set by ArcGIS software.
Step four, GAP analysis, wherein the GAP analysis can determine that factors which should be protected in the existing ecological protection space are not protected or are not well protected, and the factors except the existing ecological protection space are protection GAPs (GAPs), which provide basis for preferentially protecting the factors in the next step;
step five, layer construction is carried out on the basis of the step four, namely, a biological resource distribution layer and an ecological protection space distribution layer in the research area range are generated on an ArcGIS software platform according to the existing data set; then, carrying out pattern analysis, superposing all biological resource distribution layers, identifying an ecological important area in the research area range, and screening an offshore typical biological resource protection potential priority area; and finally, vacancy recognition is carried out, namely ArcGIS software is utilized to carry out spatial superposition contrast analysis on the potential priority area and the established ecological protection space, and a blank area which has protection value and is not in the existing ecological protection space system is recognized and used as a protection vacancy area.
And step six, pattern optimization, namely gradually or completely dividing the identified protection vacant areas into an ecological protection space system according to the priority of GAP analysis, and compiling a typical biological resource protection pattern optimization suggestion.
And seventhly, identifying mismatching, namely identifying the areas with rich biodiversity which are required to be preserved in the appearance stage by using the offshore biodiversity protection spatial pattern mismatching identification technology, and avoiding the areas with high ecological protection value and rich biodiversity and keeping the integrity of the ecological system from becoming protection vacancy.
In a preferred embodiment, in the first step, the target class group conforming to the actual situation should be determined as much as possible according to the determined area range and time span, and the data is ensured to be accessible and available.
In a preferred embodiment, the data availability analysis in step two is based on data lacking geographic coordinates or having geographic coordinate errors, data without associated landmark geographic information, and data with other errors or not meeting analysis requirements.
In a preferred embodiment, the factors to be protected in the existing ecoprotected space set forth in step four include vegetation type, habitat type and species.
In a preferred embodiment, the collected data is stored in the cloud disk to form a database in the first step, then the data is removed in the second step by adopting data screening performed by two or more persons in a matching manner, the same data screened out is data obviously incapable of being used for GAP analysis, the data not screened out at the same time is disputed data, and the disputed data is discussed and collated by the two or more persons and then analyzed to judge whether the data is the data incapable of being used for GAP analysis.
In a preferred embodiment, the data collection in the first step further includes climate change at multiple time spans within the corresponding region, and the analysis of data change of the target group under different climate conditions provides a reference for the subsequent optimization suggestion.
In a preferred embodiment, the layer in the fifth step is constructed, when the layout is analyzed, the ecologically important area, the offshore typical biological resource protection potential priority area and the existing ecologically protected area can be distinguished by adopting different color marks, and the area represented by each color is marked on one side of the layer so that a user can browse more intuitively.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
based on the GAP analysis principle, by collecting biodiversity distribution areas and the current situation of biodiversity protection patterns, the invention finds out protection vacancies, screens out protection priority areas, and comprehensively proposes protection pattern optimization suggestions to achieve the aim of guiding the optimization of typical biological resource protection patterns in offshore areas; and through applying offshore biodiversity protection space pattern mismatch identification technology, the biodiversity rich area which is required to be protected but not protected in the appearance stage can be identified, the areas with high ecological protection value and rich biodiversity and keeping the integrity of an ecological system are prevented from becoming protection vacancy, meanwhile, the condition of strip block cutting caused by administrative division and resource classification setting can be broken through a plurality of adjacent or connected marine natural protection places with close ecological process connection, the ecological process integrity and species habitat communication of important ecological spaces are ensured, and the problems of protected place breaking and islanding are fundamentally solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the mismatch identification technology for the spatial pattern of offshore biodiversity protection according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The method for offshore biodiversity protection based on GAP analysis, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
step one, data integration, wherein the first step of the data integration is data collection, namely, according to a research purpose, a research range is determined from three aspects of a region range, a time span and a target group, and data are collected; then determining the region range of data collection according to the research target; collecting biological resource ecological protection space type and distribution pattern data of a research area, wherein the range can reach the world to the maximum extent, and the range can also be continents, countries and regions; and then according to the requirements of the analysis target, determining the time span of acquisition of the biological resource distribution data on the premise of ensuring the data quality and availability, and finally determining the target group which accords with the actual situation as far as possible according to the determined region range and time span so as to ensure that the data is accessible and available.
Step two, the second step of data integration is to remove data, to clean the original data collected in step one, to analyze the availability of the data, such as data lacking geographic coordinates or having geographic coordinates errors, data without related landmark geographic information, data containing other errors or not meeting the analysis requirements, and to remove data obviously unable to be used for GAP analysis;
and step three, forming a data set by removing part of useless data in the step two, namely integrating data meeting analysis conditions and forming the data set by ArcGIS software.
Step four, GAP analysis, wherein the GAP analysis can determine that factors needing to be protected in the existing ecological protection space are not protected or are not well protected, the factors comprise vegetation types, habitat types and species, and the factors except the existing ecological protection space are protection GAPs (GAP), so that a basis is provided for preferentially protecting the factors in the next step;
step five, layer construction is carried out on the basis of the step four, namely, a biological resource distribution layer and an ecological protection space distribution layer in the research area range are generated on an ArcGIS software platform according to the existing data set; then, carrying out pattern analysis, superposing all biological resource distribution layers, identifying an ecological important area in the research area range, and screening an offshore typical biological resource protection potential priority area; and finally, vacancy recognition is carried out, namely ArcGIS software is utilized to carry out spatial superposition contrast analysis on the potential priority area and the established ecological protection space, and a blank area which has protection value and is not in the existing ecological protection space system is recognized and used as a protection vacancy area.
And step six, pattern optimization, namely gradually or completely dividing the identified protection vacant areas into an ecological protection space system according to the priority of GAP analysis, and compiling a typical biological resource protection pattern optimization suggestion.
And seventhly, identifying mismatching, namely identifying the areas with rich biodiversity which are required to be preserved in the appearance stage by using the offshore biodiversity protection spatial pattern mismatching identification technology, and avoiding the areas with high ecological protection value and rich biodiversity and keeping the integrity of the ecological system from becoming protection vacancy.
The collected data can be stored in a cloud disk to form a database, then data screening can be carried out by two or more persons in a data removing mode in the step two, the same screened data are data obviously incapable of being used for GAP analysis, data which are not screened at the same time can be disputed, and the disputed data are discussed and corrected by the two or more persons and then analyzed to judge whether the data are data incapable of being used for GAP analysis; and the data collection in the first step also comprises climate change under a plurality of time spans in a corresponding region range, and the analysis of the data change of the target group under different climate conditions provides reference for the subsequent optimization suggestion.
And constructing a layer in the fifth step, wherein when the pattern is analyzed, the ecological important area, the offshore typical biological resource protection potential priority area and the existing ecological protection area can be distinguished by adopting different color marks, and the area represented by each color is marked on one side of the layer so that a user can browse more intuitively.
The working principle is as follows: the invention designs a method for offshore biodiversity protection based on GAP analysis, which is implemented by firstly integrating data, wherein the first step of data integration is data collection, namely, according to the research purpose, determining the research range from three aspects of region range, time span and target group and collecting data; then determining the region range of data collection according to the research target; collecting biological resource ecological protection space type and distribution pattern data of a research area, wherein the range can reach the world to the maximum extent, and the range can also be continents, countries and regions; according to the requirements of analysis targets, on the premise of ensuring the data quality and availability, determining the time span for acquiring the biological resource distribution data, and finally determining a target group which meets the actual situation as much as possible according to the determined region range and time span to ensure that the data can be accessed and obtained; secondly, the second step of data integration is to remove data, to clean the collected original data, to analyze the data availability, such as data lacking geographic coordinates or having geographic coordinate errors, data without related landmark geographic information, data with other errors or not meeting the analysis requirements, and to remove data obviously unable to be used in GAP analysis; then, the third step of data integration is to form a data set after the useless data are removed, namely, the data meeting the analysis conditions are integrated, and the data set is formed through ArcGIS software; further, the GAP analysis can determine that the factors which should be protected in the existing ecological protection space are not protected or not well protected, wherein the factors comprise vegetation types, habitat types and species, and the factors except the existing ecological protection space are protection GAPs (GAPs), which provides a basis for the next step of preferentially protecting the factors; the layer construction is carried out on the basis of the method, namely, a biological resource distribution layer and an ecological protection space distribution layer in the research area range are generated on an ArcGIS software platform according to the existing data set; then, carrying out pattern analysis, superposing all biological resource distribution layers, identifying an ecological important area in the research area range, and screening an offshore typical biological resource protection potential priority area; finally, vacancy recognition is carried out, namely ArcGIS software is utilized to carry out spatial superposition contrast analysis on the potential priority area and the established ecological protection space, and a blank area which has protection value and is not in the existing ecological protection space system is recognized and used as a protection vacancy area; then, the identified protection vacant areas are gradually or completely classified into an ecological protection space system according to the priority of GAP analysis, and typical biological resource protection pattern optimization suggestions are compiled; finally, identifying the biodiversity-rich area which is to be preserved in the appearance stage by applying the offshore biodiversity protection space pattern mismatch identification technology, and avoiding the areas with high ecological protection value, rich biodiversity and ecological system integrity from becoming protection vacancy; the method can find out the protection vacancy, screen out the protection priority area and comprehensively provide the protection pattern optimization suggestion by collecting the distribution area in the biological diversity set and the current situation of the existing biological diversity protection pattern based on the GAP analysis principle, thereby achieving the aim of guiding the optimization of the typical biological resource protection pattern in the offshore area; and through applying offshore biodiversity protection space pattern mismatch identification technology, the biodiversity rich area which is required to be protected but not protected in the appearance stage can be identified, the areas with high ecological protection value and rich biodiversity and keeping the integrity of an ecological system are prevented from becoming protection vacancy, meanwhile, the condition of strip block cutting caused by administrative division and resource classification setting can be broken through a plurality of adjacent or connected marine natural protection places with close ecological process connection, the ecological process integrity and species habitat communication of important ecological spaces are ensured, and the problems of protected place breaking and islanding are fundamentally solved.
The points to be finally explained are: first, in the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly, and may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or a communication between two elements, and may be a direct connection, and "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate a relative positional relationship, and when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed, the relative positional relationship may be changed;
secondly, the method comprises the following steps: in the drawings of the disclosed embodiments of the invention, only the structures related to the disclosed embodiments are referred to, other structures can refer to common designs, and the same embodiment and different embodiments of the invention can be combined with each other without conflict;
and finally: the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for offshore biodiversity protection based on GAP analysis is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step one, data integration, wherein the first step of the data integration is data collection, namely, according to a research purpose, a research range is determined from three aspects of a region range, a time span and a target group, and data are collected; then determining the region range of data collection according to the research target; collecting biological resource ecological protection space type and distribution pattern data of a research area, wherein the range can reach the world to the maximum extent, and the range can also be continents, countries and regions; further determining the time span for acquiring the biological resource distribution data according to the requirements of the analysis target on the premise of ensuring the data quality and availability;
step two, the second step of data integration is to remove data, to clean the original data collected in step one, and to remove the data that can not be used for GAP analysis obviously by analyzing the availability of the data;
step three, forming a data set by removing part of useless data in the step two, namely integrating data meeting analysis conditions and forming the data set by ArcGIS software;
step four, GAP analysis, wherein the GAP analysis can determine that factors which should be protected in the existing ecological protection space are not protected or are not well protected, and the factors except the existing ecological protection space are protection GAPs (GAPs), which provide basis for preferentially protecting the factors in the next step;
step five, layer construction is carried out on the basis of the step four, namely, a biological resource distribution layer and an ecological protection space distribution layer in the research area range are generated on an ArcGIS software platform according to the existing data set; then, carrying out pattern analysis, superposing all biological resource distribution layers, identifying an ecological important area in the research area range, and screening an offshore typical biological resource protection potential priority area; finally, vacancy recognition is carried out, namely ArcGIS software is utilized to carry out spatial superposition contrast analysis on the potential priority area and the established ecological protection space, and a blank area which has protection value and is not in the existing ecological protection space system is recognized and used as a protection vacancy area;
step six, pattern optimization, namely gradually or completely dividing the identified protection vacant areas into an ecological protection space system according to the priority of GAP analysis, and compiling typical biological resource protection pattern optimization suggestions;
and seventhly, identifying mismatching, namely identifying the areas with rich biodiversity which are required to be preserved in the appearance stage by using the offshore biodiversity protection spatial pattern mismatching identification technology, and avoiding the areas with high ecological protection value and rich biodiversity and keeping the integrity of the ecological system from becoming protection vacancy.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises performing offshore biodiversity protection based on GAP analysis, wherein: in the first step, the target group conforming to the actual situation should be determined as much as possible according to the determined area range and time span, so as to ensure that the data is accessible and available.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises performing offshore biodiversity protection based on GAP analysis, wherein: and in the second step, the data is analyzed according to the availability, such as data lacking geographic coordinates or having geographic coordinate errors, data without related landmark geographic information, and data with other errors or not meeting the analysis requirement.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises performing offshore biodiversity protection based on GAP analysis, wherein: the factors to be protected among the existing ecological protection spaces proposed in the fourth step include vegetation type, habitat type and species.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises performing offshore biodiversity protection based on GAP analysis, wherein: and storing the collected data in the first step into a cloud disk to form a database, then screening the data in the second step by adopting a data screening mode of matching two or more persons, screening the same data, namely the data obviously incapable of being used for GAP analysis, screening the data which is not simultaneously screened, namely the disputed data, and analyzing and judging whether the data is the data incapable of being used for GAP analysis or not after the disputed data is discussed and collated by the two or more persons.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises performing offshore biodiversity protection based on GAP analysis, wherein: the data collection in the first step further includes climate change in a plurality of time spans in a corresponding region range, and the analysis of data change of the target group under different climate conditions provides reference for the subsequent optimization suggestion.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises performing offshore biodiversity protection based on GAP analysis, wherein: and step five, constructing a layer, wherein during pattern analysis, the ecological important area, the offshore typical biological resource protection potential priority area and the existing ecological protection area can be distinguished by adopting different color marks, and one side of the layer is provided with a mark for marking the area represented by each color so that a user can browse more intuitively.
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