CN114236762B - Refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalization lens and detection assembly - Google Patents
Refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalization lens and detection assembly Download PDFInfo
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- CN114236762B CN114236762B CN202111581373.9A CN202111581373A CN114236762B CN 114236762 B CN114236762 B CN 114236762B CN 202111581373 A CN202111581373 A CN 202111581373A CN 114236762 B CN114236762 B CN 114236762B
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010010071 Coma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000009310 astigmatism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005387 chalcogenide glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/14—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Lenses (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalization lens and a detection assembly, wherein the refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalization lens comprises: a meniscus zinc sulfide lens, a meniscus germanium lens and a meniscus silicon lens which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the incidence direction of the light; the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens, the concave surface of the meniscus-shaped germanium lens and the concave surface of the meniscus-shaped silicon lens face towards the image space. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the athermalization design is realized by using the lens composed of the three meniscus lenses with different materials, the structure is simple, a mechanical focusing mechanism is not needed, the materials of the lens are common and low, and the cost of the lens is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optics, in particular to a refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalization lens and a detection assembly.
Background
The infrared thermal imaging technology is an important means for acquiring target information, can receive target radiant energy all the day, and has wide application prospects in the fields of target detection, search tracking, target identification and the like. The higher temperature coefficient of the refractive index of the infrared optical material means that the refractive index of the infrared material changes obviously with temperature. Meanwhile, in the application fields of target detection, search tracking and the like, the temperature range of the use environment of the optical lens is often-40 ℃ to +60 ℃, and based on the temperature range, the infrared optical system needs to consider the design of eliminating the heat difference so as to meet the high-low temperature imaging requirement. At present, the refrigeration type medium wave infrared lens mostly adopts a mechanical focusing mode to carry out temperature compensation, namely, the front and back positions of related lenses in the lens are adjusted through a mechanical structure to realize high and low temperature normal imaging. The imaging precision of the temperature compensation mode can be influenced by the precision of a mechanical focusing structure, and the temperature compensation mode has a complex structure and poor stability. In addition, some refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalization lenses adopt an optical athermalization design, but the number of optical lenses is often not less than four, and the optical material contains chalcogenide glass, so that the size, the weight and the cost of the optical lenses are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalization lens and a detection assembly, which are used for at least solving the problem of high cost caused by a large number of athermalization lens lenses in the prior art.
According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, a refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalized lens includes: a meniscus zinc sulfide lens, a meniscus germanium lens and a meniscus silicon lens which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the incidence direction of the light;
the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens, the concave surface of the meniscus germanium lens and the concave surface of the meniscus silicon lens face towards the image space.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the zinc sulfide lens and the silicon lens are both positive optical power and the germanium lens is negative optical power.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the focal length f1 of the zinc sulfide lens satisfies: f1 is more than or equal to 40mm and less than or equal to 80mm;
the focal length f2 of the germanium lens satisfies: -f 2 is less than or equal to-40 mm and less than or equal to-20 mm;
the focal length f3 of the silicon lens satisfies: f3 is more than or equal to 20mm and less than or equal to 60mm.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the outer aperture Φ1 of the zinc sulfide lens satisfies: phi 1/f1 is more than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 1.1;
the outer aperture phi 2 of the germanium lens and the outer aperture phi 3 of the silicon lens satisfy: phi 1 is more than phi 2 is more than phi 3.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the center-to-center spacing d1 of the zinc sulfide lens and the germanium lens satisfies: d1 is more than or equal to 12mm and less than or equal to 16mm;
the center-to-center distance d2 between the germanium lens and the silicon lens satisfies: d2 is more than or equal to 4mm and less than or equal to 8mm.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens, the concave surface of the germanium lens, and the concave surface of the silicon lens are all aspheric.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens is provided with a diffraction annulus.
According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, a refrigeration type medium wave infrared detection assembly includes:
the detector comprises a detector window, a detector filter and a target surface;
a lens, which is a refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalized lens according to any one of the embodiments of the first aspect, is provided at the detector window.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the aperture of the lens is the same as the aperture of the detector;
the diaphragm of the lens coincides with the cold light diaphragm of the detector.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the center-to-center distance d3 between the silicon lens in the lens and the detector window satisfies: d3 is more than or equal to 3mm and less than or equal to 7mm.
By adopting the embodiment of the invention, the athermalization design is realized by using the lens formed by three meniscus lenses with different materials, the structure is simple, a mechanical focusing mechanism is not needed, the materials of the lens are common and low, and the cost of the lens is reduced.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present invention in order that the same may be more clearly understood and to make the same and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more readily apparent.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a refrigeration type medium wave infrared detection assembly in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of optical transfer function at +20deg.C for a athermalized lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of optical transfer function at-40℃for an athermalized lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of optical transfer function at +60℃foran athermalized lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of field curvature and distortion at +20℃.
FIG. 6 is a graph of field curvature and distortion at-40℃for a athermalized lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing curvature of field and distortion at +60℃.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention provides a refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalized lens, including: a meniscus zinc sulfide lens 1, a meniscus germanium lens 2 and a meniscus silicon lens 3 which are orderly arranged at intervals along the incidence direction of light.
It should be noted that the term "meniscus" is used herein to describe the shape of a lens, and it is understood that both mirror surfaces of the lens have curvature in the same direction, so that the side view longitudinal section of the lens is shaped like a meniscus.
The concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens 1 (i.e., the concave side of the sag), the concave surface of the meniscus germanium lens 2, and the concave surface of the meniscus silicon lens 3 all face the image side.
In the application, the effect of eliminating heat of the lens can be realized by setting parameters and positions of the lens through the lens formed by three lenses. In other words, the effect of the lens heat elimination can be achieved by the meniscus zinc sulfide lens 1, the meniscus germanium lens 2, and the meniscus silicon lens 3.
By adopting the embodiment of the invention, the athermalization design is realized by using the lens formed by three meniscus lenses with different materials, the structure is simple, a mechanical focusing mechanism is not needed, the materials of the lens are common and low, and the cost of the lens is reduced.
On the basis of the above-described embodiments, various modified embodiments are further proposed, and it is to be noted here that only the differences from the above-described embodiments are described in the various modified embodiments for the sake of brevity of description.
Referring to fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the invention, zinc sulfide lens 1, germanium lens 2 and silicon lens 3 are arranged coaxially, i.e. the centers of the lenses are all on the same straight line. Of course, non-adjustable errors are allowed to exist here.
According to some embodiments of the invention, both zinc sulfide lens 1 and silicon lens 3 are positive optical power and germanium lens 2 is negative optical power. Positive power is herein understood to have a converging effect whereas negative power is understood to have a diverging effect.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the focal length f1 of the zinc sulfide lens 1 satisfies: f1 is more than or equal to 40mm and less than or equal to 80mm. The focal length f2 of the germanium lens 2 satisfies: -40mm < f2 < 20mm. The focal length f3 of the silicon lens 3 satisfies: f3 is more than or equal to 20mm and less than or equal to 60mm. By controlling the focal length of the lens, the effect of compressing the overall dimension of the lens can be achieved, and the practicability of the lens is improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the total focal length f of the lens satisfies: f1/f is more than or equal to 0.6 and less than or equal to 0.8.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the outer aperture Φ1 of the zinc sulfide lens 1 satisfies: phi 1/f1 is more than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 1.1. The outer aperture phi 2 of the germanium lens 2 and the outer aperture phi 3 of the silicon lens 3 satisfy: phi 1 is more than phi 2 is more than phi 3. The external diameter of the lens is controlled, so that the effect of compressing the external dimension of the lens can be achieved, and the practicability of the lens is improved.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the total optical length L of the lens and the total focal length f of the lens satisfy: l/f is more than or equal to 0.7 and less than or equal to 0.9.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the center-to-center distance d1 of the zinc sulfide lens 1 and the germanium lens 2 satisfies: d1 is more than or equal to 12mm and less than or equal to 16mm. The center-to-center distance d2 of the germanium lens 2 and the silicon lens 3 satisfies: d2 is more than or equal to 4mm and less than or equal to 8mm. The effect of compressing the overall dimension of the lens can be achieved by controlling the center distance between the lenses, and the practicability of the lens is improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the concave surface of zinc sulfide lens 1, the concave surface of germanium lens 2, and the concave surface of silicon lens 3 are all aspherical surfaces.
The concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens 1 is set to be an aspherical surface for balancing astigmatism and coma of the lens. The concave surface of the germanium lens 2 is set to be an aspherical surface for balancing the distortion and coma of the lens. The concave surface of the silicon lens 3 is set to be an aspherical surface for correcting spherical aberration of the lens. The concave surface of the lens is arranged to be an aspheric surface, so that the imaging quality of the lens is further improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens 1 is provided with a diffraction zone. Therefore, the chromatic aberration and spherical aberration of the lens can be reduced, and the imaging quality can be improved.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens 1 may be provided with a plurality of diffraction zones according to the actual scene.
The following describes a specific embodiment of a refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalized lens. It is to be understood that the following description is exemplary only and is not intended to limit the invention in any way. All similar structures and similar variations of the invention are included in the scope of the invention.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalized lens includes a zinc sulfide lens 1, a germanium lens 2 and a silicon lens 3 sequentially arranged at intervals along the light incident direction. The three lenses are all of a meniscus shape, and the concave surfaces of the lenses face the image space.
The concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens 1 is provided with a diffraction girdle, and the concave surfaces of the three lenses are all aspheric surfaces. The focal length f1 of the zinc sulfide lens 1 is less than or equal to 40mm and less than or equal to 80mm, the focal length f2 of the germanium lens 2 is less than or equal to-40 mm and less than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to-20 mm, and the focal length f3 of the silicon lens 3 is less than or equal to 20mm and less than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 60mm. The center-to-center distance d1 between the zinc sulfide lens 1 and the germanium lens 2 is equal to or less than 12mm and equal to or less than 16mm, and the center-to-center distance d2 between the germanium lens 2 and the silicon lens 3 is equal to or less than 12 mm: d2 is more than or equal to 4mm and less than or equal to 8mm. The outer aperture phi 1 of the zinc sulfide lens 1 satisfies: the outer aperture phi 2 of the germanium lens 2 and the outer aperture phi 3 of the silicon lens 3 are more than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 1/f1 and less than or equal to 1.1, and the outer aperture phi 2 of the germanium lens 3 meets the following conditions: phi 1 is more than phi 2 is more than phi 3. The lens parameters are adjustable, and after adjustment, the lens parameters meet the following conditions:
the total focal length of the lens is 60mm, the F number is 2, the angle of view is + -5.85 degrees, the total optical length is 45mm, and the working wave band is 3.7 mu m-4.8 mu m.
Other parameters of the lens are shown in table 1, where the radius of curvature refers to the radius of curvature of each mirror surface in mm. The spacing refers to the distance between two adjacent mirror surfaces in mm. S1, S3, S5 represent mirror surfaces on the object side of the zinc sulfide lens 1, the germanium lens 2, and the silicon lens 3, respectively, and S2, S4, S6 represent mirror surfaces on the image side of the zinc sulfide lens 1, the germanium lens 2, and the silicon lens 3, respectively.
TABLE 1 lens parameter table
The aspherical coefficients of S2, S4, and S6 are calculated by the following formula, and the calculation results are shown in table 2:
wherein Z represents an aspherical sagittal height; c represents the vertex radius of curvature; k represents a conic coefficient; A. b, C, D the aspheric coefficients, respectively; r denotes the radial coordinates on the aspherical surface.
TABLE 2 aspherical coefficients
The diffraction plane coefficient of S2 was calculated using the following formula, and the calculation result is shown in table 3:
wherein phi represents the phase of each point on the diffraction plane; n represents the order of the phase equation; i represents the order; +m represents the diffraction order; αi represents a rank coefficient; r represents the diffraction annulus radial coordinate; lambda (lambda) 0 Represents the center wavelength of +m-order diffraction; n represents the refractive index of the material at wavelength λ0; c1, C2, and C3 each represent a diffraction plane coefficient.
TABLE 3 diffraction plane coefficients
| Mirror surface | Center wavelength of | Diffraction orders | C1 | C2 | C3 |
| S2 | 4μm | 1 | -1.62388e-4 | 5.20961e-6 | -2.33316e-11 |
Parameter e in tables 2 and 3 represents 10 -10 。
The lens based on the parameters is used for experiments at the temperatures of +20 ℃, 40 ℃ below zero and 60 ℃ below zero to obtain data shown in figures 2 to 7, wherein figures 2, 3 and 4 respectively show the optical transfer function conditions of the lens at +20 ℃, 40 ℃ below zero and 60 ℃ below zero, and therefore, the optical transfer function at the characteristic frequency of 33lp/mm is larger than 0.5, and good imaging quality is achieved. Fig. 4, 5 and 6 show field curves and distortion diagrams of the lens at +20 ℃, -40 ℃ and +60 ℃, respectively, from which it can be seen that the lens distortions at different temperatures are substantially the same and are less than 0.5%.
By adopting the technical scheme of the embodiment, the athermalized imaging of the lens in the temperature range of-40 ℃ to +60 ℃ can be realized by adjusting the parameters of the three lenses, a mechanical focusing structure is not required to be added, and the lens structure is optimized. And the used lens material has low common cost and improves the practicability.
It should be noted that the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art, and various combinations of the embodiments may be freely combined. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, a refrigeration type medium wave infrared detection assembly includes:
the detector 4 includes a detector window 41, a detector filter 42, and a target surface 43.
Parameters of the detector filter 42 and the target surface 43 are shown in table 4, where S7 represents a mirror surface on the image side of the detector filter and S8 represents the target surface.
TABLE 4 Detector Filter and target surface parameter Table
| Mirror surface | Surface type | Radius of curvature | Material | Spacing of | Remarks |
| S7 | Spherical surface | Infinity of infinity | air | 23.8 | Detector filter |
| S8 | Spherical surface | Infinity of infinity | air | 0 | Target surface |
A lens, which is a refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalized lens according to any one of the embodiments of the first aspect, is provided at the detector window 41.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the aperture of the lens is the same as the aperture of the detector 4. The diaphragm of the lens coincides with the cold light diaphragm of the detector 4. The matching degree of the lens and the detector 4 is optimized.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the center-to-center distance d3 of the silicon lens in the lens and the detector window 41 satisfies: d3 is more than or equal to 3mm and less than or equal to 7mm.
In the description of the present specification, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
Claims (4)
1. The refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalization lens is characterized in that an optical component of the refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalization lens consists of a meniscus type zinc sulfide lens, a meniscus type germanium lens and a meniscus type silicon lens which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the incidence direction of light rays;
the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens, the concave surface of the meniscus-shaped germanium lens and the concave surface of the meniscus-shaped silicon lens face towards the image space;
the zinc sulfide lens and the silicon lens are both positive focal power, and the germanium lens is negative focal power;
the focal length f1 of the zinc sulfide lens satisfies: f1 is more than or equal to 40mm and less than or equal to 80mm;
the focal length f2 of the germanium lens satisfies: -f 2 is less than or equal to-40 mm and less than or equal to-20 mm;
the focal length f3 of the silicon lens satisfies: f3 is more than or equal to 20mm and less than or equal to 60mm;
the external aperture phi 1 of the zinc sulfide lens meets the following conditions: phi 1/f1 is more than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 1.1;
the outer aperture phi 2 of the germanium lens and the outer aperture phi 3 of the silicon lens satisfy: phi 1 is more than phi 2 is more than phi 3;
the center-to-center distance d1 of the zinc sulfide lens and the germanium lens satisfies: d1 is more than or equal to 12mm and less than or equal to 16mm;
the center-to-center distance d2 between the germanium lens and the silicon lens satisfies: d2 is more than or equal to 4mm and less than or equal to 8mm;
the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens, the concave surface of the germanium lens and the concave surface of the silicon lens are all aspheric surfaces;
the convex surface of the zinc sulfide lens, the convex surface of the germanium lens and the convex surface of the silicon lens are spherical surfaces;
the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens is provided with a diffraction girdle;
the total focal length of the lens is 60mm, the F number is 2, the angle of view is + -5.85 degrees, the total optical length is 45mm, and the working wave band is 3.7-4.8 mu m.
2. The utility model provides a refrigeration formula medium wave infrared detection subassembly which characterized in that includes:
the detector comprises a detector window, a detector filter and a target surface;
the lens is a refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalized lens according to claim 1, and the lens is arranged at the detector window.
3. A refrigerated medium wave infrared detection assembly as set forth in claim 2, wherein the aperture of the lens is the same as the aperture of the detector;
the diaphragm of the lens coincides with the cold light diaphragm of the detector.
4. A refrigerated medium wave infrared detection assembly as set forth in claim 2, wherein the center-to-center distance d3 between the silicon lens in the lens and the detector window satisfies: d3 is more than or equal to 3mm and less than or equal to 7mm.
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