CN114236762A - Refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalization lens and detection assembly - Google Patents
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- CN114236762A CN114236762A CN202111581373.9A CN202111581373A CN114236762A CN 114236762 A CN114236762 A CN 114236762A CN 202111581373 A CN202111581373 A CN 202111581373A CN 114236762 A CN114236762 A CN 114236762A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010010071 Coma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000009310 astigmatism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005387 chalcogenide glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/14—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
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Abstract
The invention discloses a refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalization lens and a detection assembly, wherein the refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalization lens comprises: the meniscus zinc sulfide lenses, the meniscus germanium lenses and the meniscus silicon lenses are sequentially arranged at intervals along the light incidence direction; the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens, the concave surface of the meniscus germanium lens and the concave surface of the meniscus silicon lens face towards the image space. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the athermal design is realized by using the lens consisting of the three meniscus lenses made of different materials, the structure is simple, a mechanical focusing mechanism is not needed, the materials of the lenses are ordinary and low, and the cost of the lens is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optics, in particular to a refrigeration type medium-wave infrared athermalization lens and a detection assembly.
Background
The infrared thermal imaging technology is an important means for obtaining target information, can receive target radiation energy all day long, and has wide application prospects in the fields of target detection, search and tracking, target identification and the like. The higher temperature coefficient of the refractive index of the infrared optical material means that the refractive index of the infrared material changes significantly with temperature. Meanwhile, in the application fields of target detection, search and tracking and the like, the temperature range of the use environment of the optical lens is usually-40 ℃ to +60 ℃, and based on the temperature range, the infrared optical system needs to consider the design of heat dissipation difference so as to meet the requirements of high-temperature and low-temperature imaging. At present, the refrigeration type medium wave infrared lens mostly adopts a mechanical focusing mode to carry out temperature compensation, namely, the front and back positions of related lenses in the lens are adjusted through a mechanical structure to realize normal imaging at high and low temperatures. The imaging precision of the temperature compensation mode is influenced by the precision of a mechanical focusing structure, the structure is complex, and the stability is poor. In addition, although some refrigeration type medium-wave infrared athermalization lenses adopt an optical athermalization design, the number of optical lenses is often not less than four, and the optical material contains chalcogenide glass, which leads to the increase of the size, weight and cost of the optical lenses.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a refrigeration type medium-wave infrared athermalization lens and a detection assembly, which are used for at least solving the problem of high cost caused by a large number of athermalization lens lenses in the prior art.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a refrigeration-type medium-wave infrared athermalization lens is provided, including: the meniscus zinc sulfide lenses, the meniscus germanium lenses and the meniscus silicon lenses are sequentially arranged at intervals along the light incidence direction;
the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens, the concave surface of the falcate germanium lens and the concave surface of the falcate silicon lens face towards the image space.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the zinc sulfide lens and the silicon lens are both of positive optical power and the germanium lens is of negative optical power.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the zinc sulfide lens has a focal length f1 that satisfies: f1 is more than or equal to 40mm and less than or equal to 80 mm;
the focal length f2 of the germanium lens satisfies: f2 is more than or equal to 40mm and less than or equal to 20 mm;
the focal length f3 of the silicon lens satisfies: f3 is more than or equal to 20mm and less than or equal to 60 mm.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the outer aperture Φ 1 of the zinc sulfide lens satisfies: phi 1/f1 is more than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 1.1;
the outer aperture diameter phi 2 of the germanium lens and the outer aperture diameter phi 3 of the silicon lens meet the following requirements: phi 1 > phi 2 > phi 3.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the zinc sulfide lens and the germanium lens have a center-to-center spacing d1 that satisfies: d1 is more than or equal to 12mm and less than or equal to 16 mm;
the center-to-center spacing d2 between the germanium lens and the silicon lens satisfies: d2 is more than or equal to 4mm and less than or equal to 8 mm.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens, the concave surface of the germanium lens, and the concave surface of the silicon lens are aspheric.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens is provided with a diffraction zone.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a refrigeration type mid-wave infrared detection assembly, comprising:
the detector comprises a detector window, a detector optical filter and a target surface;
a lens, according to any one of the embodiments of the first aspect, the refrigeration-type medium-wave infrared athermalization lens is disposed at the detector window.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the aperture of the lens is the same as the aperture of the detector;
the diaphragm of the lens is superposed with the cold light diaphragm of the detector.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the center-to-center distance d3 between the silicon lens in the lens and the detector window satisfies: d3 is more than or equal to 3mm and less than or equal to 7 mm.
By adopting the embodiment of the invention, the athermal design is realized by using the lens consisting of the three meniscus lenses made of different materials, the structure is simple, a mechanical focusing mechanism is not needed, the materials of the lenses are ordinary and low, and the cost of the lens is reduced.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a refrigeration-type mid-wave infrared detection assembly in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the optical transfer function at +20 ℃ for an athermalized lens in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the optical transfer function at-40 ℃ for an athermalized lens in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the optical transfer function at +60 ℃ for an athermalized lens in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of field curvature and distortion at +20 ℃ for a athermalized lens in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of field curvature and distortion at-40 ℃ for a athermalized lens in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of field curvature and distortion at +60 ℃ for a athermalized lens in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, a first embodiment of the invention provides a refrigeration-type medium-wave infrared athermal lens, including: the lens comprises a meniscus zinc sulfide lens 1, a meniscus germanium lens 2 and a meniscus silicon lens 3 which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the incident direction of light.
It should be noted that the meniscus shape mentioned here is an image description and is used to describe the shape of the lens, and it is understood that both mirror surfaces of the lens have curvatures facing in the same direction, so that the side view longitudinal section of the lens is shaped like a meniscus.
The concave surface (i.e. the side that is recessed) of the zinc sulfide lens 1, the concave surface of the meniscus germanium lens 2, and the concave surface of the meniscus silicon lens 3 are all facing the image side.
In the application, the lens consisting of the three lenses can realize the heat dissipation effect of the lens by setting the parameters and the positions of the lenses. In other words, the effect of lens heat dissipation can be realized through meniscus type zinc sulfide lens 1, meniscus type germanium lens 2 and meniscus type silicon lens 3 to this application.
By adopting the embodiment of the invention, the athermal design is realized by using the lens consisting of the three meniscus lenses made of different materials, the structure is simple, a mechanical focusing mechanism is not needed, the materials of the lenses are ordinary and low, and the cost of the lens is reduced.
On the basis of the above-described embodiment, various modified embodiments are further proposed, and it is to be noted herein that, in order to make the description brief, only the differences from the above-described embodiment are described in the various modified embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present invention, a zinc sulfide lens 1, a germanium lens 2, and a silicon lens 3 are coaxially arranged, i.e., the centers of the lenses are all in the same line. Of course, non-adjustable errors are allowed to exist here.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the zinc sulfide lens 1 and the silicon lens 3 are both of positive optical power, and the germanium lens 2 is of negative optical power. A positive power is here understood to have a converging action, whereas a negative power is understood to have a diverging action.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the focal length f1 of the zinc sulfide lens 1 satisfies: f1 is more than or equal to 40mm and less than or equal to 80 mm. The focal length f2 of the germanium lens 2 satisfies: f2 is more than or equal to 40mm and less than or equal to 20 mm. The focal length f3 of the silicon lens 3 satisfies: f3 is more than or equal to 20mm and less than or equal to 60 mm. Through the focus of control lens, can realize the effect of compression camera lens overall dimension, improve the practicality of camera lens.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the total focal length f of the lens satisfies: f1/f is more than or equal to 0.6 and less than or equal to 0.8.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the outer aperture φ 1 of the zinc sulfide lens 1 satisfies: phi 1/f1 is more than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 1.1. The outer caliber phi 2 of the germanium lens 2 and the outer caliber phi 3 of the silicon lens 3 meet the following requirements: phi 1 > phi 2 > phi 3. By controlling the outer diameter of the lens, the effect of compressing the overall dimension of the lens can be realized, and the practicability of the lens is improved.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the total optical length L of the lens and the total lens focal length f satisfy: l/f is more than or equal to 0.7 and less than or equal to 0.9.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the center-to-center spacing d1 between zinc sulfide lens 1 and germanium lens 2 is such that: d1 is more than or equal to 12mm and less than or equal to 16 mm. The center-to-center distance d2 between the germanium lens 2 and the silicon lens 3 satisfies: d2 is more than or equal to 4mm and less than or equal to 8 mm. By controlling the center distance between the lenses, the effect of compressing the overall dimension of the lens can be realized, and the practicability of the lens is improved.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens 1, the concave surface of the germanium lens 2, and the concave surface of the silicon lens 3 are aspheric.
The concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens 1 is set to be an aspheric surface for balancing astigmatism and coma of the lens. The concave surface of the germanium lens 2 is set to be an aspherical surface for balancing distortion and coma of the lens. The concave surface of the silicon lens 3 is set to be aspherical for correcting spherical aberration of the lens. The concave surface of the lens is set to be an aspheric surface, so that the imaging quality of the lens is further improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens 1 is provided with a diffraction zone. Therefore, the chromatic aberration and the spherical aberration of the lens can be reduced, and the imaging quality is improved.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens 1 may be provided with a plurality of diffraction zones, depending on the actual scene.
The refrigeration-type medium-wave infrared athermalization lens is described in detail below in a specific embodiment. It is to be understood that the following description is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. All similar structures and similar variations thereof adopted by the invention are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the refrigeration-type medium-wave infrared athermalization lens includes a zinc sulfide lens 1, a germanium lens 2, and a silicon lens 3, which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the light incident direction. The three lenses are all meniscus-shaped, and the concave surfaces of the lenses face the image space.
The concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens 1 is provided with a diffraction ring zone, and the concave surfaces of the three lenses are aspheric surfaces. The focal length f1 of the zinc sulfide lens 1 is more than or equal to 40mm and less than or equal to f1 and less than or equal to 80mm, the focal length f2 of the germanium lens 2 is more than or equal to-40 mm and less than or equal to f2 and less than or equal to-20 mm, and the focal length f3 of the silicon lens 3 is more than or equal to 20mm and less than or equal to f3 and less than or equal to 60 mm. The center-to-center distance d1 between the zinc sulfide lens 1 and the germanium lens 2 satisfies that d1 is not less than 12mm and not more than 16mm, and the center-to-center distance d2 between the germanium lens 2 and the silicon lens 3 satisfies that: d2 is more than or equal to 4mm and less than or equal to 8 mm. The outer aperture diameter phi 1 of the zinc sulfide lens 1 meets the following requirements: phi 1/f1 is more than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 1.1, the outer caliber phi 2 of the germanium lens 2 and the outer caliber phi 3 of the silicon lens 3 meet the following requirements: phi 1 > phi 2 > phi 3. The parameters of the lens are adjustable, and the lens meets the following conditions after adjustment:
the total focal length of the lens is 60mm, the F number is 2, the field angle is +/-5.85 degrees, the optical total length is 45mm, and the working waveband is 3.7-4.8 mu.
Other parameters of the lens are shown in table 1, where radius of curvature refers to the radius of curvature of each specular surface in mm. The spacing is the distance in mm between two adjacent mirror surfaces. S1, S3, and S5 show mirror surfaces on the object side of the zinc sulfide lens 1, the germanium lens 2, and the silicon lens 3, respectively, and S2, S4, and S6 show mirror surfaces on the image side of the zinc sulfide lens 1, the germanium lens 2, and the silicon lens 3, respectively.
TABLE 1 lens parameter Table
The aspherical surface coefficients of S2, S4, and S6 were calculated using the following formula, and the calculation results are shown in table 2:
wherein Z represents an aspheric rise; c represents the vertex radius of curvature; k represents a conic coefficient; A. b, C, D denote aspherical coefficients, respectively; r denotes the radial coordinate on the aspheric surface.
TABLE 2. aspheric coefficients
The diffraction surface coefficient of S2 was calculated using the following formula, and the calculation results are shown in table 3:
wherein phi represents the phase of each point on the diffraction surface; n represents the order of the phase equation; i represents an order; + m represents a diffraction order; α i represents a rank coefficient; r represents the radial coordinate of the diffraction zone; lambda [ alpha ]0Represents the center wavelength of + m-order diffraction; n represents the refractive index of the material at wavelength λ 0; c1, C2, and C3 represent diffraction surface coefficients, respectively.
TABLE 3 coefficients of diffraction surface
| Mirror surface | Center wavelength | Diffraction order | C1 | C2 | C3 |
| S2 | 4μm | 1 | -1.62388e-4 | 5.20961e-6 | -2.33316e-11 |
The parameter e in tables 2 and 3 represents 10-10。
Experiments were carried out using lenses based on the above parameters at temperatures of +20 ℃, -40 ℃ and +60 ℃ respectively to obtain data as shown in fig. 2 to 7, where fig. 2, 3 and 4 represent the optical transfer functions of the lenses at +20 ℃, -40 ℃ and +60 ℃ respectively, and thus it can be seen that the optical transfer functions are all greater than 0.5 at a characteristic frequency of 33lp/mm, with good imaging quality. Fig. 4, 5, and 6 show field curvature and distortion plots of the lens at +20 c, -40 c, and +60 c, respectively, and thus it can be seen that the lens distortions are substantially the same at different temperatures and are all less than 0.5%.
By adopting the technical scheme of the embodiment, the camera lens can realize athermal imaging in the temperature range of-40 ℃ to +60 ℃ by adjusting the parameters of the three lenses, a mechanical focusing structure is not required to be added, and the camera lens structure is optimized. And the used lens material has low common cost and improves the practicability.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes, and various embodiments can be freely combined. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a refrigeration type medium wave infrared detection assembly, referring to fig. 1, including:
the detector 4 includes a detector window 41, a detector filter 42, and a target surface 43.
The parameters of the detector filter 42 and the target surface 43 are shown in table 4, where S7 denotes the mirror surface on the image side of the detector filter, and S8 denotes the target surface.
TABLE 4 Detector filter and target surface parameter table
| Mirror surface | Surface type | Radius of curvature | Material | Spacer | Remarks for note |
| S7 | Spherical surface | Infinity(s) | air | 23.8 | Detector optical filter |
| S8 | Spherical surface | Infinity(s) | |
0 | Target surface |
A lens, which is the refrigeration-type medium-wave infrared athermalization lens according to any one of the embodiments of the first aspect, is disposed at the detector window 41.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the aperture of the lens is the same as the aperture of the detector 4. The diaphragm of the lens coincides with the cold diaphragm of the detector 4. The matching degree of the lens and the detector 4 is optimized.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the center-to-center distance d3 between the silicon lens in the lens and the detector window 41 satisfies: d3 is more than or equal to 3mm and less than or equal to 7 mm.
It should be noted that well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in the description of the specification in order not to obscure the understanding of this description.
Claims (10)
1. A refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalization lens is characterized by comprising: the meniscus zinc sulfide lenses, the meniscus germanium lenses and the meniscus silicon lenses are sequentially arranged at intervals along the light incidence direction;
the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens, the concave surface of the falcate germanium lens and the concave surface of the falcate silicon lens face towards the image space.
2. The refrigeration-type medium wave infrared athermalization lens of claim 1, wherein the zinc sulfide lens and the silicon lens are both positive powers and the germanium lens is a negative power.
3. The refrigeration-type medium wave infrared athermal lens of claim 1, wherein the focal length f1 of said zinc sulfide lens satisfies: f1 is more than or equal to 40mm and less than or equal to 80 mm;
the focal length f2 of the germanium lens satisfies: f2 is more than or equal to 40mm and less than or equal to 20 mm;
the focal length f3 of the silicon lens satisfies: f3 is more than or equal to 20mm and less than or equal to 60 mm.
4. The refrigeration-type medium-wave infrared athermalization lens of claim 3, wherein an outer aperture diameter Φ 1 of the zinc sulfide lens satisfies: phi 1/f1 is more than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 1.1;
the outer aperture diameter phi 2 of the germanium lens and the outer aperture diameter phi 3 of the silicon lens meet the following requirements: phi 1 > phi 2 > phi 3.
5. The refrigeration-type medium wave infrared athermalization lens of claim 4, wherein the distance d1 between the centers of the zinc sulfide lens and the germanium lens satisfies: d1 is more than or equal to 12mm and less than or equal to 16 mm;
the center-to-center spacing d2 between the germanium lens and the silicon lens satisfies: d2 is more than or equal to 4mm and less than or equal to 8 mm.
6. The refrigeration-type medium wave infrared athermalization lens of claim 1, wherein the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens, the concave surface of the germanium lens, and the concave surface of the silicon lens are aspheric.
7. The refrigeration-type medium wave infrared athermalization lens of claim 1, wherein the concave surface of the zinc sulfide lens is provided with a diffraction zone.
8. A refrigeration-type mid-wave infrared detection assembly, comprising:
the detector comprises a detector window, a detector optical filter and a target surface;
a lens, which is the refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalization lens according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and is disposed at the detector window.
9. The refrigeration-type mid-wave infrared detection assembly of claim 8, wherein the aperture of the lens is the same as the aperture of the detector;
the diaphragm of the lens is superposed with the cold light diaphragm of the detector.
10. The refrigeration-type mid-wave infrared detection assembly of claim 8, wherein a distance d3 between a silicon lens in the lens and a center of the detector window satisfies: d3 is more than or equal to 3mm and less than or equal to 7 mm.
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