CN114235318A - Multifunctional vibration test bench - Google Patents
Multifunctional vibration test bench Download PDFInfo
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- CN114235318A CN114235318A CN202111499653.5A CN202111499653A CN114235318A CN 114235318 A CN114235318 A CN 114235318A CN 202111499653 A CN202111499653 A CN 202111499653A CN 114235318 A CN114235318 A CN 114235318A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
- G01M7/022—Vibration control arrangements, e.g. for generating random vibrations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
- G01M7/025—Measuring arrangements
Abstract
The invention provides a multifunctional vibration test bench which comprises a rotating shaft and a power device thereof, wherein the rotating shaft sequentially penetrates through a coupler, a first bearing, a balance disc, a second bearing and a third bearing, the first bearing is correspondingly provided with a clamping ring for axially fixing the first bearing and a bearing seat for radially fixing the first bearing, the second bearing is provided with a radial loading device for changing the load size of the second bearing, and the bearing seat of the third bearing is arranged on a base. Compared with the prior art, the multifunctional vibration test bench provided by the invention can simulate the characteristics of shaft misalignment, bearing fault, unbalance fault, the influence characteristics of radial load and vibration amplitude and the simulation experiment of the comprehensive fault characteristics of the common fault characteristics in the 4 kinds of rotating equipment in a laboratory. The method is used for researching the vibration fault theory and method of the rotary machine, and has very important significance for theoretical research and practical operation of vibration analysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machinery, in particular to a multifunctional vibration test bench.
Background
There are various types of rotary machines, including generators, turbines, centrifugal compressors, water pumps, ventilators, and motors, and the main functions of these machines are completed by a rotary motion, and are collectively called machines. The rotor imbalance, shafting misalignment, gear faults, bearing faults and the like belong to common faults in the rotary machine fault types, and for researchers in the field of primary vibration, theoretical analysis and research on the faults are needed. However, on most fields, various faults have great randomness, researchers are difficult to verify the faults at the first time, most of the existing vibration test beds can only study and simulate 1-2 faults, the training efficiency of engineering personnel is low, and the diagnosis of the faults is also fuzzy, specifically:
1.1 during long-term operation of rotating equipment, vibration problems are most common, as vibrations can be caused by a very large number of causes, such as loosening, unbalance, shaft bending, misalignment, bearing damage, gear failure, etc., but in actual failure such many types of failures often do not occur simultaneously. This results in insufficient cases and experiences accumulated by the research or analysis personnel, and the real fault type cannot be judged.
1.2 each fault has corresponding characteristic frequency and frequency spectrum, but the corresponding amplitude and characteristic frequency spectrum of different fault degrees are not completely the same, or the fault frequency spectrum after multiple fault overlaps is not completely the same, so that the analysis and research of the characteristics of multiple fault types are difficult to synthesize.
Based on the current situation, the inventor provides a simulation and test bench capable of obtaining various vibration fault characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a multifunctional vibration test bench capable of simulating multiple fault characteristics and superposition characteristics of various faults.
The multifunctional vibration test bed comprises a rotating shaft and a power device thereof, wherein the rotating shaft sequentially penetrates through a coupler, a first bearing, a balance disc, a second bearing and a third bearing, the first bearing is correspondingly provided with a clamping ring for axially fixing the first bearing and a bearing seat for radially fixing the first bearing, the second bearing is provided with a radial loading device for changing the load size of the second bearing, and the bearing seat of the third bearing is arranged on a base.
Preferably, the power device comprises a belt pulley and a gear box which are connected in sequence, an input shaft of the gear box is connected with the belt pulley, and an output shaft of the gear box is connected with the rotating shaft.
More preferably, the pulley is fixed to the input shaft of the gearbox by a first key.
More preferably, the shaft coupling is fixed to the output shaft and the rotating shaft of the gear box by a second key and a third key, respectively.
Preferably, the balance disc is fixed on the rotating shaft through a fourth key.
Preferably, the first bearing, the second bearing and the third bearing are all used for supporting the rotating shaft to realize the rotation of the rotating shaft.
Preferably, the balancing disk is a circular disk with balancing holes uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the gravity center of the balancing disk is changed by installing a bolt or a balancing weight on at least one balancing hole.
Preferably, the installation position interval of the bearing seat is 0.5mm-2 mm.
More preferably, at least one of the locking bolts of the bearing housing is not fully tightened.
Preferably, the bearing seats of the bearing seat and the third bearing are provided with sensors to access the signal acquisition unit.
Compared with the related art, the simulation experiment of the comprehensive fault characteristics of shaft misalignment, bearing fault, unbalance fault characteristics and the influence characteristics of radial load and vibration amplitude and the fault characteristics common in the 4 kinds of rotating equipment can be simulated in a laboratory. The method is used for researching the vibration fault theory and method of the rotary machine, and has very important significance for theoretical research and practical operation of vibration analysis.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a multi-functional vibration testing stand according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a spectrum signal of an axial misalignment neutral fault provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a frequency spectrum signal diagram of a shaft loosening type fault provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a spectrum signal of an unbalanced fault according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a frequency spectrum signal diagram of a bearing failure fault provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 1, a belt pulley; 2. a first key; 3. a gear box (reduction gearbox); 4. a second key; 5. a coupling; 6. a third bond; 7. a snap ring; 8. a bearing seat; 9. a first bearing; 10. a fourth key; 11. a balance disc; 12. a second bearing; 13. a radial loading device; 14. a rotating shaft; 15. a third bearing; 16. a base.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly disposed on the other element; when an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.
It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings are only used for matching the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the practical limit conditions of the present application, so that the modifications of the structures, the changes of the ratio relationships, or the adjustment of the sizes, do not have the technical essence, and the modifications, the changes of the ratio relationships, or the adjustment of the sizes, are all within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present application without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present application.
The multifunctional vibration test bench provided by this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, includes a belt pulley 1 connecting a motor and an input shaft of a gear box, a gear box (reduction gearbox, adjusting the rotation speed of a rotating shaft 14) 3 and a rotating shaft 14, where the belt pulley 1 provides power for the gear box 3, an output shaft of the gear box drives the rotating shaft 14 to rotate through a coupling 5, so as to drive a balance disc 11 to rotate, the rotating shaft 14 sequentially passes through the coupling 5, a first bearing 9, the balance disc 11, a second bearing 12 and a third bearing 15, the first bearing 9, the second bearing 12 and the third bearing 15 are all used for supporting the rotating shaft 14, so as to realize rotation of the rotating shaft 14, the belt pulley 1 is fixed through a first key 2, the coupling 5 is fixed through a second key 4 and a third key 6, the balance disc 11 is fixed through a fourth key 10, the first bearing 9 is correspondingly provided with a snap ring 7 for axially fixing the first bearing 9 and a bearing seat 8 for radially fixing the first bearing 9, the second bearing 12 is provided with a radial loading device 13 for changing the load magnitude of the second bearing 12, and a bearing seat of a third bearing 15 is arranged on a base 16.
Sensor access signal acquisition units are arranged on bearing seats of the bearing seat 8 and the third bearing 15.
In the use of the multifunctional vibration test bench provided by this embodiment:
(1) shaft misalignment fault is simulated through the coupler 5: the output shaft of the gear box is connected with the rotating shaft 14 by the gear coupling 5, the fault characteristic of shaft misalignment is simulated by changing the installation position of the bearing seat 8 (if the pedestal of the bearing seat 8 is heightened by 0.5mm, the heightening can be measured by 2mm at most), the sensor is installed on the bearing seat 8 and connected with the signal acquisition unit, the motor is started, after the rotating speed is stable, the signal acquisition unit is opened, the signal is transmitted to the unit for processing, and the frequency spectrum signal of the fault characteristic of shaft misalignment is derived by software, as shown in fig. 2.
(2) Shaft looseness type faults are simulated through the bearing seat 8: at least one of the locking bolts of the bearing seat 8 is not completely fastened, loose fault characteristics are simulated, the motor is started, the signal acquisition unit is opened to collect signals, and loose characteristic signals are obtained, as shown in fig. 3.
(3) The unbalance-type fault is simulated by the balance disc 11: the balance disk 11 on the rotating shaft 14 is a circular disk with 36 balance holes with the diameter of 10.5mm uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, the center of gravity is changed by mounting bolts or balancing weights on at least one balance hole, unbalanced fault characteristics are simulated, and after a motor is started, signals are collected by a sensor and processed to obtain unbalanced characteristic signals, as shown in fig. 4.
(4) Bearing failure faults are simulated by the third bearing 15: a6209 bearing (namely, a third bearing 15) with damage is installed in a bearing seat installed on a base 16, bearing failure is simulated, and after a motor is started, a signal of bearing damage is acquired through a sensor and is analyzed and processed to obtain a defect fault characteristic signal of the bearing, as shown in FIG. 5.
The different fault types have unique characteristic frequency spectrums, when the different fault types occur independently or in combination, the fault types represented by the different fault types can be corresponding to the different fault types through the specific characteristic frequency spectrums, and on one frequency spectrum, a first fault characteristic and another fault characteristic can be seen, because the two faults have independent fault characteristics. The invention is mainly used for the simulation experiment and research of the 4 fault characteristics and the mixed characteristics thereof.
After simulating the faults, new people can train through corresponding signals, the faults are special frequency spectrums excited based on different faults, the frequency spectrums of the 4 different faults have typicality and are directly superposed, for example, the faults of the bearings are not neutralized by simulation, so that the obtained spectrums have characteristic spectrums which are not neutralized and characteristic spectrums of bearing damage, and the characteristic spectrums appear in the spectrums at the same time.
The implications for different degrees of fault amplitude are: when the fault degree is larger, the amplitude in the frequency spectrum is larger, for example: when the mass blocks on the balance disc are sequentially increased to 10g, 15g, 20g and 25g. The fault level is positively correlated with the characteristic spectral amplitude.
The meaning of the fault superposition characteristic spectrum is as follows: the characteristic frequency spectrums presented by the four faults of misalignment, looseness, unbalance and bearing damage are different, for example, the frequency spectrums obtained after the unbalance fault and the bearing damage fault are superposed are the unbalanced characteristic and are presented on a frequency spectrum graph together with the bearing damage characteristic. That is, the mutual superposition of 4 basic maps.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-functional vibration test bench which characterized in that includes: a pivot (14) and power device thereof, shaft coupling (5), first bearing (9), balance disc (11), second bearing (12) and third bearing (15) are passed in proper order in pivot (14), snap ring (7) that are used for the first bearing of axial fixity (9) and bearing frame (8) that are used for radial fixity first bearing (9) are installed to first bearing (9) correspondence, install radial loading device (13) that change second bearing (12) load size on second bearing (12), the bearing frame of third bearing (15) is installed on base (16).
2. The multifunctional vibration test bench according to claim 1, wherein the power device comprises a belt pulley (1) and a gear box (3) which are connected in sequence, an input shaft of the gear box (3) is connected with the belt pulley (1), and an output shaft of the gear box (3) is connected with the rotating shaft (14).
3. A multifunctional vibration testing stand according to claim 2, characterized in that the pulley (1) is fixed to the input shaft of the gearbox (3) by means of a first key (2).
4. A multifunctional vibration testing stand according to claim 2, characterized in that said shaft coupling (5) is fixed to the output shaft of said gearbox (3) and to the rotation shaft (14) by means of a second key (4) and a third key (6), respectively.
5. A multifunctional vibration testing stand according to claim 1, characterized in that said balancing disk (11) is fixed to the rotation shaft (14) by means of a fourth key (10).
6. The multifunctional vibration test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that the first bearing (9), the second bearing (12) and the third bearing (15) are all used for supporting the rotating shaft (14) to realize the rotation of the rotating shaft (14).
7. A multi-functional vibration testing stand according to claim 1, characterized in that said balance plate (11) is a circular plate with evenly distributed balance holes in the circumferential direction, and the center of gravity is changed by installing bolts or weights in at least one of the balance holes.
8. A multifunctional vibration test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that the mounting position interval of the bearing seat (8) is between 0.5mm and 2 mm.
9. Multifunctional vibration testing stand according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one of the locking bolts of the bearing block (8) is not fully tightened.
10. A multifunctional vibration test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing seats of the bearing seat (8) and the third bearing (15) are provided with sensors for accessing the signal acquisition unit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111499653.5A CN114235318A (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Multifunctional vibration test bench |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111499653.5A CN114235318A (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Multifunctional vibration test bench |
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| CN114235318A true CN114235318A (en) | 2022-03-25 |
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| CN202111499653.5A Pending CN114235318A (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Multifunctional vibration test bench |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114646466A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-06-21 | 中国北方车辆研究所 | Rolling bearing test equipment with load and assembly double simulation |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202903481U (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-04-24 | 中国计量学院 | Rotary machine fault simulation experiment system |
| DE202014004892U1 (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2015-09-23 | Dieter Franke | Demonstration model for vibration diagnosis and machine balancing and alignment |
| CN109374273A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-02-22 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Torsional Vibration of Turbine Generator Rotor and fault simulation multi-function test stand and test method |
| CN109738189A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-05-10 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of rotating machinery spectrum harmonics are averaged optimization method |
| CN209198079U (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-08-02 | 机械工业仪器仪表综合技术经济研究所 | The predictive maintenance analog machine of numerical control processing main shaft failure |
| CN111220375A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-06-02 | 江南大学 | Multifunctional rotor test bed with flexible excitation |
-
2021
- 2021-12-09 CN CN202111499653.5A patent/CN114235318A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202903481U (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-04-24 | 中国计量学院 | Rotary machine fault simulation experiment system |
| DE202014004892U1 (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2015-09-23 | Dieter Franke | Demonstration model for vibration diagnosis and machine balancing and alignment |
| CN109374273A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-02-22 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Torsional Vibration of Turbine Generator Rotor and fault simulation multi-function test stand and test method |
| CN209198079U (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-08-02 | 机械工业仪器仪表综合技术经济研究所 | The predictive maintenance analog machine of numerical control processing main shaft failure |
| CN109738189A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-05-10 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of rotating machinery spectrum harmonics are averaged optimization method |
| CN111220375A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-06-02 | 江南大学 | Multifunctional rotor test bed with flexible excitation |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114646466A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-06-21 | 中国北方车辆研究所 | Rolling bearing test equipment with load and assembly double simulation |
| CN114646466B (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-06-20 | 中国北方车辆研究所 | Rolling bearing test equipment with load and assembly double simulation |
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