CN109029689A - A kind of rotating machinery vibration analysis method based on two ends of rotor motion profile - Google Patents
A kind of rotating machinery vibration analysis method based on two ends of rotor motion profile Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of rotating machinery vibration analysis method based on two ends of rotor motion profile, technical solution is, according to obtained in the same direction and reversal of vibrations component value, to judge out-of-balance force pattern on rotor: if AtGreater than outstanding value specified in rotating machinery vibrating standard, out-of-balance force in the same direction is big on rotor；If AfGreater than outstanding value specified in rotating machinery vibrating standard, reversed out-of-balance force is big on rotor；If AtAnd AfBoth greater than outstanding value specified in rotating machinery vibrating standard, the out-of-balance force that pattern is mixed on rotor is big, the method of the present invention is simple, comprehensively consider when vibration analysis and out-of-balance force pattern analysis and has vertically and horizontally vibrated, rather than it is only vibrated only in accordance with single direction, obtained analysis conclusion is the innovation in rotating machinery vibration analysis method comprehensively, reliably.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rotating machinery vibrating method for testing and analyzing, and technical staff can be helped according to vibration-testing number
According to the distribution pattern of out-of-balance force on analysis rotor, if power is uneven, couple unbalance and mixing are uneven, rotation is carried out in guidance
Mechanical dynamic balancing work, main application fields include: all kinds of rotating machineries, such as pump, blower, motor, Turbo-generator Set.
Background technique
Imbalance is the most common vibration fault of rotating machinery, and rotor dynamic balancing is having for rotating machinery vibrating fault treatment
Effect means, and the work often to be carried out.It is accurate to determine that dynamic balancing efficiency can be improved in uneven pattern and precision, reduction are opened
Machine number is of great significance for improving rotating machinery operation stability and reliability.
Imbalance includes static unbalance, unbalance dynamic and hybrid imbalance.Under static unbalance state, exist in the middle part of rotor
Out-of-balance force, or it is equal in magnitude there are one group in two ends of rotor, and the identical power in direction, also known as power are uneven.Unbalance dynamic
Under state, in the power that two ends of rotor is equal in magnitude, contrary there are one group, also known as couple unbalance.When in rotor simultaneously
There are when power imbalance and couple unbalance, referred to as hybrid imbalance.Before development rotor dynamic balancing, it is necessary to understand turn first
The pattern and distribution of out-of-balance force on son.
Under unit actual motion state, out-of-balance force can not be directly tested, is all to diagnose uneven event according to vibration
Barrier, and analyze on rotor whether have out-of-balance force.Vibration is big, and out-of-balance force is big；With small vibration, out-of-balance force is small.Equally and root
The pattern of out-of-balance force is judged according to the vibration of two ends of rotor.As in two ends of rotor vibration signal there are biggish component in the same direction,
Then think that there are power imbalances on rotor；As there are biggish reversed components in two ends of rotor vibration signal, then it is assumed that on rotor
There are couple unbalances；As existed simultaneously biggish component in the same direction and reversed in two ends of rotor vibration signal, then it is assumed that on rotor
In the presence of the imbalance of mixing pattern.
Judging out-of-balance force pattern all at present is carried out by the vibration on horizontal or vertical single direction.For steamer
For the large rotating machineries such as generating set, due to unit vertically and horizontally on support stiffness, damping characteristic etc. exist
Larger difference, bear vibration caused by out-of-balance force also has bigger difference in the vertical and horizontal direction on rotor.Practical work
Cheng Zhong, it sometimes appear that complete according to vertical vibration and according to the out-of-balance force pattern that judges of horizontal direction vibration
Different situations.Therefore, it is imperative to improve and innovate.
Summary of the invention
For above situation, for the defect for overcoming the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is just to provide a kind of based on rotor two
The rotating machinery vibration analysis method of end motion track can effectively solve the uneven pattern on analysis rotor, improve dynamic balancing
Efficiency the problem of.
The technical solution that the present invention solves is:
A kind of rotating machinery vibration analysis method based on two ends of rotor motion profile, comprising the following steps:
(1) reflective marker is set in shaft, photoelectric sensor is directed at reflective marker, or open one in shaft
Eddy current sensor is directed at keyway by keyway, and the method for reflective strip or key phase fit keyway is cooperated with photoelectric sensor, is surveyed
Key phase pulse signal is taken, shaft often rotates a circle, and generates such pulse signal, remembers the time between two neighboring pulse
Between be divided into T, then real-time rotational frequency f=1/T；
(2) one group of vibrating sensor is vertically and horizontally respectively arranged in two ends of rotor detected part, with key phase pulse
Signal is triggering benchmark, and synchronous acquisition two ends of rotor vertically and horizontally vibration signal is denoted as x1(t),x2(t),y1(t),y2
(t)；
(3) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out to collected vibration signal, obtains industrial frequency harmonic identical with rotational frequency
The amplitude and phase of component, are denoted as: A respectivelyx1,Ax2,Ay1,Ay2With
(4) it according to the amplitude and phase of a multiplied frequency harmonic component, reconstructs and two ends of rotor vertically and horizontally vibration signal
Corresponding multiplied frequency harmonic component signal:
(5) remember that the period corresponding with rotational frequency f is T, then have: T=1/f；It will be divided into 1000 sections between [0, T], obtains
Each point vibration values under different moments in by rotation one week: x1'(ti),y1'(ti),x'2(ti),y'2(ti)；
(7) it defines different moments lower rotor part and vibrates radius ri
(8) oscillating curve that two ends of rotor is made of under different moments vibration radius is drawn out；
(9) when finding after the t=0 moment on two ends of rotor vibration radius curve corresponding to the 1st vibration radius peak point
Between put and its amplitude, be denoted as respectively: t1,A1And t2,A2；
(10) phase angle ψ corresponding with vibration radius peak point is calculated1,ψ2；
(11) to vibrate radius A1∠ψ1,A2∠ψ2It is vibrated as two ends of rotor, is vibrated, decomposed according to two ends of rotor
To vibrate A in the same directiontAnd reversal of vibrations Af；
(12) according to obtained in the same direction and reversal of vibrations component value, judge out-of-balance force pattern on rotor:
If AtGreater than outstanding value specified in rotating machinery vibrating standard, out-of-balance force in the same direction is big on rotor；
If AfGreater than outstanding value specified in rotating machinery vibrating standard, reversed out-of-balance force is big on rotor；
If AtAnd AfBoth greater than outstanding value specified in rotating machinery vibrating standard mixes the out-of-balance force of pattern on rotor
Greatly.
The method of the present invention is simple, it is believed that two ends of rotor vibration is carried out in the plane perpendicular to axis, is needed with vertical
Vibration in straight and horizontal both direction carrys out integrating representation, accordingly, propose according to two ends of rotor vertically and horizontally on vibration
Dynamic signal, acquires motion profile of the two ends of rotor in vertical axis plane, and defining the vibration radius under different moments is track
The upper moment point is to the distance in the center of circle, after acquiring two ends of rotor vibration radius change curve, with the 1st vibration half after the t=0 moment
The phase angle of diameter peak value point is the end phase angle, is vibrated using vibrating radius peak value as the end.On this basis, to rotor
Both ends vibration information is analyzed, and judges uneven pattern on rotor.Rotor oscillation is regarded as in the plane perpendicular to axis
Interior planar obit simulation movement, when vibration analysis and out-of-balance force pattern analysis, which has comprehensively considered, vertically and horizontally to be vibrated, and
It is not only to be vibrated only in accordance with single direction, obtained analysis conclusion is in rotating machinery vibration analysis method comprehensively, reliably
Innovation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is vibration of rotor system test simplified schematic diagram.
Each appended drawing reference respectively indicates in figure: 1 bearing, 2 rotors, 3 vibrating sensors, 4 key phases, 5 vibration numbers
According to Acquisition Instrument, 6 wheel discs
Fig. 2 is 4, the both ends vibration measuring point original waveform that rotor test obtains.
Wherein: x1 and y1 is that a bearing side both horizontally and vertically vibrates, and x2 and y2 are that another bearing side is horizontal and vertical
Direction vibration；
Fig. 3 is the key phase pulse signal figure that test obtains.
Fig. 4 is the original rumble spectrum figure of 4 measuring points of two ends of rotor that test obtains, and is labelled with a multiplied frequency harmonic component on figure
Amplitude and phase.
Fig. 5 be using this method by test signal reconstruction after obtain with 4 measuring points of two ends of rotor, one multiplied frequency harmonic component
Corresponding waveform diagram.
Fig. 6 is the two ends of rotor vibration radius waveform diagram obtained using this method.
The flow chart of Fig. 7 the method for the present invention
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail.
It is provided by Fig. 1-7, a kind of rotating machinery vibration analysis method based on two ends of rotor motion profile of the present invention, including
Following steps:
(1) reflective marker is set in shaft, photoelectric sensor is directed at reflective marker, or open one in shaft
Eddy current sensor is directed at keyway by keyway, and the method for reflective strip or key phase fit keyway is cooperated with photoelectric sensor, is surveyed
Key phase pulse signal is taken, shaft often rotates a circle, and generates such pulse signal, remembers the time between two neighboring pulse
Between be divided into T, then real-time rotational frequency f=1/T；
(2) one group of vibrating sensor is vertically and horizontally respectively arranged in two ends of rotor detected part, with key phase pulse
Signal is triggering benchmark, and synchronous acquisition two ends of rotor vertically and horizontally vibration signal is denoted as x1(t),x2(t),y1(t),y2
(t)；
(3) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out to collected vibration signal, obtains industrial frequency harmonic identical with rotational frequency
The amplitude and phase of component, are denoted as: A respectivelyx1,Ax2,Ay1,Ay2With
(4) it according to the amplitude and phase of a multiplied frequency harmonic component, reconstructs and two ends of rotor vertically and horizontally vibration signal
Corresponding multiplied frequency harmonic component signal:
(5) remember that the period corresponding with rotational frequency f is T, then have: T=1/f；It will be divided into 1000 sections between [0, T], obtains
Each point vibration values under different moments in by rotation one week: x1'(ti),y1'(ti),x'2(ti),y'2(ti)；
(7) it defines different moments lower rotor part and vibrates radius ri
(8) oscillating curve that two ends of rotor is made of under different moments vibration radius is drawn out；
(9) when finding after the t=0 moment on two ends of rotor vibration radius curve corresponding to the 1st vibration radius peak point
Between put and its amplitude, be denoted as respectively: t1,A1And t2,A2；
(10) phase angle ψ corresponding with vibration radius peak point is calculated1,ψ2；
(11) to vibrate radius A1∠ψ1,A2∠ψ2It is vibrated as two ends of rotor, is vibrated, decomposed according to two ends of rotor
To vibrate A in the same directiontAnd reversal of vibrations Af；
(12) according to obtained in the same direction and reversal of vibrations component value, judge out-of-balance force pattern on rotor:
If AtGreater than outstanding value specified in rotating machinery vibrating standard, out-of-balance force in the same direction is big on rotor；
If AfGreater than outstanding value specified in rotating machinery vibrating standard, reversed out-of-balance force is big on rotor；
If AtAnd AfBoth greater than outstanding value specified in rotating machinery vibrating standard mixes the out-of-balance force of pattern on rotor
Greatly.
The key phase, vibrating sensor and data collecting instrument are the prior art, as ROS-W type photoelectricity key passes on from one to another
Sensor, ZXP type vibrating sensor, EVM-8 type vibrating data collection instrument.
It is acted in the plane perpendicular to axis by rotor oscillation it can be seen from above situation and bear vibration, this is one
A plane motion problem, rely solely on the vibration on single direction carry out analysis be it is incomplete, a kind of development trend is exactly
By the vibration integrated analysis on vertically and horizontally.For example, traditional spectrum analysis technique be for single signal into
Capable, and full spectral analysis technology is grown up on the basis of traditional spectrum analysis technique, and vertical and water is fully utilized
Vibration signal in flat both direction can further obtain the profound letter such as positive precession and backward whirl on the basis of traditional frequency spectrum
Breath and feature.It is considered herein that two ends of rotor vibration is carried out in the plane perpendicular to axis, need with vertically and horizontally
Vibration in both direction carrys out integrating representation.Accordingly, propose according to two ends of rotor vertically and horizontally on vibration signal, ask
Motion profile of the two ends of rotor in vertical axis plane is obtained, defining the vibration radius under different moments is the moment point on track
To the distance in the center of circle, after acquiring two ends of rotor vibration radius change curve, where the 1st vibration radius peak value after the t=0 moment
The phase angle of point is the end phase angle, is vibrated using vibrating radius peak value as the end.On this basis, two ends of rotor is vibrated and is believed
Breath is analyzed, and judges uneven pattern on rotor.Its method is simple, and rotor oscillation is regarded as in the plane perpendicular to axis
Interior planar obit simulation movement, when vibration analysis and out-of-balance force pattern analysis, which has comprehensively considered, vertically and horizontally to be vibrated, and
It is not only to be vibrated only in accordance with single direction, obtained analysis conclusion is in rotating machinery vibration analysis method comprehensively, reliably
Innovation achieves good technical effect through practical application:
As shown in the table, be the two ends of rotor vibration radius amplitude and phase obtained using this method, with x to vibration for according to
According to component amplitude in the same direction is small, and reversed component amplitude is big, and there are cone out-of-balance forces for rotor.Using Y-direction vibration as foundation, together
Big to component amplitude, reversed component amplitude is small, and there are pattern out-of-balance forces in the same direction for rotor.According to x and y to vibration to unbalanced type
The judgement conclusion of formula is different, and there are contradictions.For the vibration radius obtained using this method as foundation, component amplitude in the same direction is greater than whirler
Outstanding value specified in tool vibration standard, reversed component amplitude are less than outstanding value specified in rotating machinery vibrating standard, rotor
There are pattern out-of-balance forces in the same direction.This method has comprehensively considered the vibration in x and y both direction, rather than only only in accordance with single
Direction vibration, obtained analysis conclusion are the innovations in rotating machinery vibration analysis method through practical application comprehensively, reliably.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of rotating machinery vibration analysis method based on two ends of rotor motion profile, which comprises the following steps:
(1) reflective marker is set in shaft, photoelectric sensor is directed at reflective marker, or open a key in shaft
Eddy current sensor is directed at keyway by slot, and the method for reflective strip or key phase fit keyway is cooperated with photoelectric sensor, is measured
Key phase pulse signal, shaft often rotate a circle, and generate such pulse signal, remember between the time between two neighboring pulse
It is divided into T, then real-time rotational frequency f=1/T；
(2) one group of vibrating sensor is vertically and horizontally respectively arranged in two ends of rotor detected part, with key phase pulse signal
To trigger benchmark, synchronous acquisition two ends of rotor vertically and horizontally vibration signal is denoted as x1(t),x2(t),y1(t),y2(t)；
(3) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out to collected vibration signal, obtains power frequency harmonic component identical with rotational frequency
Amplitude and phase, be denoted as respectively: Ax1,Ax2,Ay1,Ay2With
(4) according to the amplitude and phase of a multiplied frequency harmonic component, reconstruct that vertically and horizontally vibration signal is opposite with two ends of rotor
The multiplied frequency harmonic component signal answered:
(5) remember that the period corresponding with rotational frequency f is T, then have: T=1/f；It will be divided into 1000 sections between [0, T], is turned
Each point vibration values under different moments in one week dynamic: x '1(ti),y′1(ti),x'2(ti),y'2(ti)；
(7) it defines different moments lower rotor part and vibrates radius ri
(8) oscillating curve that two ends of rotor is made of under different moments vibration radius is drawn out；
(9) two ends of rotor vibrates time point corresponding to the 1st vibration radius peak point on radius curve after finding the t=0 moment
And its amplitude, it is denoted as respectively: t1,A1And t2,A2；
(10) phase angle ψ corresponding with vibration radius peak point is calculated1,ψ2；
(11) to vibrate radius A1∠ψ1,A2∠ψ2It vibrates as two ends of rotor, is vibrated according to two ends of rotor, is broken down into the same direction
Vibrate AtAnd reversal of vibrations Af；
(12) according to obtained in the same direction and reversal of vibrations component value, judge out-of-balance force pattern on rotor:
If AtGreater than outstanding value specified in rotating machinery vibrating standard, out-of-balance force in the same direction is big on rotor；
If AfGreater than outstanding value specified in rotating machinery vibrating standard, reversed out-of-balance force is big on rotor；
If AtAnd AfBoth greater than outstanding value specified in rotating machinery vibrating standard, the out-of-balance force that pattern is mixed on rotor are big.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110779438A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-11 | 润电能源科学技术有限公司 | Rotor bending value measuring method, steam turbine generator and computer readable storage medium |
| CN110849414A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-28 | 润电能源科学技术有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for identifying bending direction of rotor and storage medium |
| CN111473933A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-07-31 | 上海海事大学 | Multifunctional blade and rotor test bed |
| CN111550429A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-08-18 | 北京化工大学 | Centrifugal compressor rotor system stability comprehensive control method and device |
| CN113191057A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-07-30 | 四川长虹空调有限公司 | Method and device for determining direction of unbalanced force |
| CN113358203A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-09-07 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司华东电力试验研究院 | Rotor natural frequency identification method and system based on harmonic component decomposition |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110779438A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-11 | 润电能源科学技术有限公司 | Rotor bending value measuring method, steam turbine generator and computer readable storage medium |
| CN110849414A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-28 | 润电能源科学技术有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for identifying bending direction of rotor and storage medium |
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| WO2021227251A1 (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2021-11-18 | 北京化工大学 | Comprehensive control method and device for stability of rotor system of centrifugal compressor |
| CN113191057A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-07-30 | 四川长虹空调有限公司 | Method and device for determining direction of unbalanced force |
| CN113191057B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-04-12 | 四川长虹空调有限公司 | Method and device for determining direction of unbalanced force |
| CN113358203A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-09-07 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司华东电力试验研究院 | Rotor natural frequency identification method and system based on harmonic component decomposition |
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