CN114234666B - Electric locomotive, double-loop cooling tower thereof and control method - Google Patents
Electric locomotive, double-loop cooling tower thereof and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114234666B CN114234666B CN202111565205.0A CN202111565205A CN114234666B CN 114234666 B CN114234666 B CN 114234666B CN 202111565205 A CN202111565205 A CN 202111565205A CN 114234666 B CN114234666 B CN 114234666B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
- F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
- F28F25/10—Component parts of trickle coolers for feeding gas or vapour
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
- F28F27/003—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus specially adapted for cooling towers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance
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- Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses an electric locomotive and a double-loop cooling tower and a control method thereof, wherein the electric locomotive comprises a first cooling loop, a second cooling loop, a cooling tower fan and a control device; the first cooling loop comprises a first water tank, a first water pump, a first heat exchanger inside the first heating equipment and a first cooling tower heat exchanger which are connected in sequence; the second cooling loop comprises a second water tank, a second water pump, a second heating equipment internal heat exchanger and a second cooling tower heat exchanger which are connected in sequence; guide vanes are arranged in the air channels between the first cooling tower heat exchanger and the cooling tower fan as well as between the second cooling tower heat exchanger and the cooling tower fan. According to the application, the ventilation area from the upper cooling tower fan to the lower two cooling tower heat exchangers is adjusted through deflection of the guide vane, so that different heat dissipation requirements of the two cooling loops are adapted, and the problem of unbalanced distribution of the heat dissipation requirements of the two cooling loops is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of rail transit vehicle cooling, and particularly relates to an electric locomotive, a double-loop cooling tower thereof and a control method.
Background
The cooling tower is cooling equipment with a fan, a heat exchanger and a cooling water circulation loop, and cooling of heating equipment inside the machinery room through the cooling tower is a common form adopted by the electric locomotive.
At present, the inside of the cooling tower of the electric locomotive is divided into two cooling loops of oil coolant and water coolant, which are respectively used for cooling the main transformer and the traction converter, wherein the bottom of the cooling tower is provided with two heat exchangers which are stacked up and down, and a fan blows air from top to bottom to cool the cooling liquid, as shown in figure 1. With the development of novel hybrid locomotives such as diesel-electric hybrid, hydrogen-electric hybrid and the like, the locomotives do not have traditional transformers, but power conversion equipment is increased, and a plurality of water cooling circulation loop demands are generated.
In order to meet the requirements of a plurality of water-cooling circulation loops, a split-flow type parallel loop system is generally adopted, as shown in fig. 2, the system shares the same water pump 3, a water tank 1 and a cooling tower heat exchanger 6, the cooling tower heat exchanger 6 is connected with an air outlet of a cooling tower fan 7 through an air duct, but the split-flow structure of the system can lead to bad accurate grasp of cooling water flow due to factors such as pipeline resistance of branches, and meanwhile, the heating values of two branches are variable and disproportionate, and branch cooling water flow control cannot be carried out according to actual required heat dissipation, so that the actual heat dissipation requirements of the two branches cannot be met, one branch is caused to excessively dissipate heat, power is wasted, and the heat dissipation effect of the other branch is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide an electric locomotive and a double-loop cooling tower and a control method thereof, which are used for solving the problems that one of the branches excessively dissipates heat and the other branch has poor heat dissipation effect because the traditional parallel loop system cannot adapt to actual heat dissipation requirements of different branches.
The application solves the technical problems by the following technical scheme: the double-loop cooling tower of the electric locomotive comprises a first cooling loop, a second cooling loop, a cooling tower fan and a control device; the first cooling loop comprises a first water tank, a first water pump, a first heat exchanger inside the heating equipment and a first cooling tower heat exchanger which are connected in sequence; the second cooling loop comprises a second water tank, a second water pump, a second heating equipment internal heat exchanger and a second cooling tower heat exchanger which are connected in sequence;
the first cooling tower heat exchanger and the second cooling tower heat exchanger are both positioned below the cooling tower fan, and are arranged front and back or left and right; guide vanes are arranged in air channels between the first cooling tower heat exchanger and the cooling tower fan as well as between the second cooling tower heat exchanger and the cooling tower fan, and the guide vanes are connected with the output end of the rotary driving module through a rotating shaft; the guide vanes are used for realizing the on-demand distribution of the ventilation output by the fan of the cooling tower between the first cooling tower heat exchanger and the second cooling tower heat exchanger through the deflection of the guide vanes;
a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor are respectively arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the cooling liquid pipeline of the first cooling tower heat exchanger, and a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor are respectively arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the cooling liquid pipeline of the second cooling tower heat exchanger; a fifth temperature sensor is arranged in the air duct above the cooling tower fan; the cooling tower fan, the rotary driving module, the first water pump, the second water pump, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor, the fourth temperature sensor and the fifth temperature sensor are respectively and electrically connected with the control device.
According to the cooling tower, the ventilation area from the upper cooling tower fan to the lower two cooling tower heat exchangers is adjusted through deflection of the guide vanes so as to adapt to different heat dissipation requirements of the two cooling loops, the problem that the heat dissipation requirements of the two cooling loops are distributed in an unbalanced manner is avoided, meanwhile, the ventilation quantity output by the cooling tower fan is controlled according to the heat dissipation quantity required in real time, dynamic self-adaptive adjustment of heat dissipation power is realized, unnecessary power consumption is reduced, and economical efficiency is improved; the cooling tower provided by the application realizes the actual heat dissipation requirements of two cooling loops through one cooling tower fan, and adopts the independent water pump and the heat exchanger inside the heating equipment, so that compared with the traditional parallel loop system, the flow in the pipeline of each cooling loop is more stable, and the control is simpler.
Further, a first filter is arranged on a pipeline between the first water tank and the first water pump, and a second filter is arranged on a pipeline between the second water tank and the second water pump.
Further, the first water tank and the second water tank are arranged on two sides of the cooling tower fan, and the first water pump and the second water pump are arranged on two sides of the air duct.
Further, the rotary driving module is a stepping motor.
The application also provides a control method of the double-loop cooling tower of the electric locomotive, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first inlet temperature acquired by a first temperature sensor, a first outlet temperature acquired by a second temperature sensor, a second inlet temperature acquired by a third temperature sensor and a second outlet temperature acquired by a fourth temperature sensor;
calculating a first required heat dissipation capacity according to the first inlet temperature, the first outlet temperature and the first cooling loop flow; calculating a second required heat dissipation capacity according to the second inlet temperature, the second outlet temperature and the second cooling loop flow;
calculating a first required ventilation quantity according to the first required heat dissipation quantity, the inlet air temperature and the outlet air temperature of the first cooling tower heat exchanger, and calculating a second required ventilation quantity according to the second required heat dissipation quantity, the inlet air temperature and the outlet air temperature of the second cooling tower heat exchanger;
calculating the total ventilation quantity required to be output by the cooling tower fan according to the first required ventilation quantity and the second required ventilation quantity;
calculating a proportional relation between the ventilation amounts of the two cooling loops according to the first required ventilation amount and the second required ventilation amount, and determining the deflection angle of the guide vane according to the proportional relation;
controlling the working frequency of the cooling tower fan according to the total ventilation quantity, so that the cooling tower fan outputs the total ventilation quantity;
and controlling the rotary driving module according to the deflection angle to deflect the guide vane according to the deflection angle, so as to realize the on-demand distribution of the heat dissipation requirements of the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit.
Further, the calculation formulas of the first required heat dissipation capacity and the second required heat dissipation capacity are as follows:
wherein i=1 or 2, and when i=1, Φ 1 Represents the first required heat dissipation capacity, c w1 Represents the specific heat capacity, q, of the cooling liquid in the first cooling circuit w1 Indicating the flow rate of the first cooling circuit,indicating a first inlet temperature, t 10 Indicating the set first outlet desired temperature, +.>Representing a first outlet temperature; when i=2, Φ 2 Represents the second required heat dissipation capacity, c w2 Represents the specific heat capacity, q, of the cooling liquid in the second cooling circuit w2 Indicating the second cooling circuit flow,/->Representing a second inlet temperature, t 20 Indicating the set second outlet desired temperature, +.>Indicating a second outlet temperature.
Further, the calculation formulas of the first required ventilation quantity and the second required ventilation quantity are as follows:
wherein i=1 or 2, c a Represents the specific heat capacity of the cooling air, t 0 Represents the inlet air temperature of the first cooling tower heat exchanger or the second cooling tower heat exchanger, phi when i=1 1 Represents the first required heat dissipation capacity, q a1 Indicating a first required ventilation quantity, which is indicated,represent the firstThe outlet air temperature of a cooling tower heat exchanger; when i=2, Φ 2 Represents the second required heat dissipation capacity, q a2 Representing the second required ventilation,/->Representing the outlet air temperature of the second cooling tower heat exchanger.
Further, the expression for determining the deflection angle of the guide vane according to the proportional relation is as follows:
wherein q a1 Represents the first required ventilation, q a2 Indicating a second required ventilation quantity, L 1 Representing the length L of a ventilation section corresponding to the heat exchanger of the first cooling tower when the deflection angle of the guide vane is 0 2 The length of the ventilation section corresponding to the second cooling tower heat exchanger when the deflection angle of the guide vane is 0 is represented, R represents the length of the guide vane, and L w The section width of the air duct at the guide vane is represented, theta represents the deflection angle of the guide vane, and when theta is positive, the guide vane deflects |theta| from the center line position to the first cooling tower heat exchanger; when θ is negative, it indicates that the guide vane deflects |θ| from the centerline position toward the second cooling tower heat exchanger.
The application also provides an electric locomotive comprising the double-loop cooling tower.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the application has the advantages that:
according to the electric locomotive, the double-loop cooling towers and the control method thereof, provided by the application, the ventilation area from the upper cooling tower fan to the lower two cooling tower heat exchangers is adjusted through the deflection of the guide vanes so as to adapt to different heat dissipation requirements of the two cooling loops, the problem that the heat dissipation requirements of the two cooling loops are distributed in an unbalanced manner is avoided, meanwhile, the ventilation quantity output by the cooling tower fan is controlled according to the heat dissipation capacity required in real time, the dynamic self-adaptive adjustment of the heat dissipation power is realized, the unnecessary power consumption is reduced, and the economical efficiency is improved;
according to the application, the actual heat dissipation requirements of the two cooling loops are realized through one cooling tower fan, and compared with a traditional parallel loop system, the flow in the pipeline of each cooling loop is more stable and the control is simpler by adopting an independent water pump and an internal heat exchanger of heating equipment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawing in the description below is only one embodiment of the present application, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of two heat exchangers at the bottom of a cooling tower of a conventional electric locomotive in the background of the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a shunt parallel loop system according to the background of the application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dual circuit cooling tower in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a dual circuit cooling tower in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a layout of a first cooling tower heat exchanger and a second cooling tower heat exchanger in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the installation of a guide vane in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a dual loop cooling tower control in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a vane configuration in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 9 is a top view of a vane in an embodiment of the application.
Wherein, 1-water tank, 11-first water tank, 12-second water tank, 2-filter, 21-first filter, 22-second filter, 3-water pump, 31-first water pump, 32-second water pump, 4-first heating equipment internal heat exchanger, 5-second heating equipment internal heat exchanger, 6-cooling tower heat exchanger, 61-a first cooling tower heat exchanger, 611-a first temperature sensor, 612-a second temperature sensor, 62-a second cooling tower heat exchanger, 621-a third temperature sensor, 622-a fourth temperature sensor, 631-a fifth temperature sensor, 7-a cooling tower fan, 8-guide vanes.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made more apparent and fully by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is shown, however, only some, but not all embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
The technical scheme of the application is described in detail below by specific examples. The following embodiments may be combined with each other, and some embodiments may not be repeated for the same or similar concepts or processes.
As shown in fig. 3, the dual-loop cooling tower for an electric locomotive provided by the embodiment of the application has two independent circulating cooling water loops, and specifically includes a first cooling loop, a second cooling loop, a cooling tower fan 7 and a control device; the first cooling circuit comprises a first water tank 11, a first water pump 31, a first heat exchanger 4 inside the heating equipment and a first cooling tower heat exchanger 61 which are connected in sequence; the second cooling circuit includes a second water tank 12, a second water pump 32, a second heat generating device internal heat exchanger 5, and a second cooling tower heat exchanger 62, which are connected in this order.
As shown in fig. 4, the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61 and the second cooling tower heat exchanger are both located below the cooling tower fan 7, and the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61 and the second cooling tower heat exchanger 62 are arranged in front-back or left-right (as shown in fig. 5); guide vanes 8 (shown in fig. 6) are arranged in air channels between the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61 and the second cooling tower heat exchanger 62 and the cooling tower fan 7, and the guide vanes 8 are connected with the output end of the rotary driving module through a rotating shaft; the guide vanes 8 are used for realizing the on-demand distribution of the ventilation output by the cooling tower fan 7 between the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61 and the second cooling tower heat exchanger 62 through the deflection of the guide vanes 8; a first temperature sensor 611 and a second temperature sensor 612 are respectively arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the cooling liquid pipeline of the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61, and a third temperature sensor 621 and a fourth temperature sensor 622 are respectively arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the cooling liquid pipeline of the second cooling tower heat exchanger 62 (as shown in fig. 3); a fifth temperature sensor 631 is arranged in the air duct above the cooling tower fan 7; the cooling tower fan 7, the rotary driving module, the first water pump 31, the second water pump 32, the first temperature sensor 611, the second temperature sensor 612, the third temperature sensor 621, the fourth temperature sensor 622, and the fifth temperature sensor 631 are electrically connected to the control device, respectively.
The first temperature sensor 611 is used to collect the inlet coolant temperature of the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61, i.e. the first inlet temperature; the second temperature sensor 612 is configured to collect an outlet coolant temperature of the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61, that is, a first outlet temperature; the third temperature sensor 621 is used for collecting the inlet coolant temperature of the second cooling tower heat exchanger 62, namely, the second inlet temperature; the fourth temperature sensor 622 is configured to collect an outlet coolant temperature of the second cooling tower heat exchanger 62, i.e., a second outlet temperature; the fifth temperature sensor 631 is used to collect the inlet air temperature above the cooling tower fan 7, i.e. the inlet air temperature of the first cooling tower heat exchanger or the second cooling tower heat exchanger.
The control device is used for: calculating a required heat dissipation capacity of the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61, i.e., a first required heat dissipation capacity, according to the first inlet temperature, the first outlet temperature, and the flow rate of the first cooling circuit; calculating a required heat dissipation capacity of the second cooling tower heat exchanger 62, i.e., a second required heat dissipation capacity, according to the second inlet temperature, the second outlet temperature, and the flow rate of the second cooling circuit; calculating a first required ventilation amount according to the first required heat dissipation amount, the inlet air temperature and the outlet air temperature of the first cooling tower heat exchanger, calculating a second required ventilation amount according to the second required heat dissipation amount, the inlet air temperature and the outlet air temperature of the second cooling tower heat exchanger, and calculating a total ventilation amount required to be output by the cooling tower fan 7 according to the first required ventilation amount and the second required ventilation amount; calculating the ventilation ratio relation between the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit according to the first required ventilation and the second required ventilation, and determining the deflection angle of the guide vane 8 according to the ratio relation; the cooling tower fan 7 is further used for controlling the working frequency of the cooling tower fan 7 according to the total ventilation quantity, enabling the cooling tower fan 7 to output the total ventilation quantity, controlling the rotary driving module according to the deflection angle, enabling the guide vane 8 to deflect according to the deflection angle, and realizing the on-demand distribution of the total ventilation quantity between the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61 and the second cooling tower heat exchanger 62 so as to accurately adapt to the heat dissipation requirements of the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit.
In one embodiment of the present application, the first filter 21 is disposed on the pipe between the first water tank 11 and the first water pump 31, and the second filter 22 is disposed on the pipe between the second water tank 12 and the second water pump 32, and the first filter 21 and the second filter 22 can filter out impurities in the cooling liquid, thereby avoiding pollution of the cooling tower and greatly reducing maintenance cost and maintenance efficiency.
In one embodiment of the present application, the first water tank 11 and the second water tank 12 are provided at both sides of the cooling tower fan 7, and the first water pump 31 and the second water pump 32 are provided at both sides of the air duct, as shown in fig. 4, which makes the structure more compact and the installation convenient.
In one embodiment of the application, the rotary driving module is a stepping motor, the cooling tower fan 7 has a frequency conversion function, and the control device controls the working frequency of the cooling tower fan 7 according to the total ventilation quantity, so that the cooling tower fan 7 can realize dynamic adjustment according to the actual heating power of the heating equipment, thereby reducing unnecessary power consumption and saving energy.
The embodiment of the application also provides a control method of the double-loop cooling tower of the electric locomotive, as shown in fig. 7, comprising the following steps:
step 1: data acquisition
The first inlet temperature collected by the first temperature sensor 611 and the first outlet temperature collected by the second temperature sensor 612, the second inlet temperature collected by the third temperature sensor 621 and the second outlet temperature collected by the fourth temperature sensor 622, and the inlet air temperatures of the first cooling tower heat exchanger and the second cooling tower heat exchanger collected by the fifth temperature sensor 631 are acquired.
A first temperature sensor 611 is arranged between the first heat-generating device internal heat exchanger 4 and the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61, and a second temperature sensor 612 is arranged at the outlet of the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61; a third temperature sensor 621 is arranged between the second heat generating device internal heat exchanger 5 and the second cooling tower heat exchanger 62, and a fourth temperature sensor 622 is arranged at the outlet of the second cooling tower heat exchanger 62; and acquiring the first inlet temperature, the first outlet temperature, the second inlet temperature and the second outlet temperature according to the sampling period, and calculating the required heat dissipation capacity in real time so as to dissipate heat as required and reduce the power consumption. And a fifth temperature sensor 631 is arranged in the air duct above the cooling tower fan, and is used for acquiring the temperature of the inlet air of the cooling tower according to the sampling period and calculating the required ventilation quantity of the first loop and the second loop according to the required heat dissipation quantity.
Step 2: calculation of required Heat dissipating Capacity
Calculating a first required heat dissipation capacity according to the first inlet temperature, the first outlet temperature and the flow of the first cooling circuit; and calculating a second required heat dissipation capacity according to the second inlet temperature, the second outlet temperature and the flow of the second cooling circuit, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein i=1 or 2, and when i=1, Φ 1 Represents the first required heat dissipation capacity, c w1 Represents the specific heat capacity, q, of the cooling liquid in the first cooling circuit w1 Indicating the flow rate of the first cooling circuit,indicating a first inlet temperature, t 10 Indicating a set first outlet desired temperature; when i=2, Φ 2 Represents the second required heat dissipation capacity, c w2 Represents the specific heat capacity, q, of the cooling liquid in the second cooling circuit w2 Indicating the second cooling circuit flow,/->Representing a second inlet temperature, t 20 Indicating the set second outlet desired temperature.
Because the fixed-frequency water pump is adopted, after the double-loop cooling tower is designed, the pipeline and the water pump are determined, and the flow rates of the two cooling loops are basically determined, namely the flow rate q of the first cooling loop w1 And a second cooling circuit flow q w2 The first water pump 31, the second water pump 32 and the pipeline are determined after being determined.
When the locomotive runs, the heating loss of the heating equipment is related to the working condition and is a change value. For two independent cooling water circulation loops, the cooling liquid flow and the proportion relation are almost constant by using a constant-frequency water pump. When the heat dissipation power requirement of the heating equipment increases, the cooling ventilation requirement of the cooling tower heat exchanger of the corresponding cooling loop increases.
As shown in fig. 7, the dual-loop cooling tower adopts closed-loop feedback control, and in the adjusting process, according to the outlet temperatures (i.e., the first outlet temperature and the second outlet temperature) of the cooling tower heat exchangers in the two cooling loops, the working frequency f of the cooling tower fan 7 and the deflection angle θ of the guide vane 8 are adjusted in real time, so as to accurately adapt to the heat dissipation requirements of the two cooling loops.
In the control of the dual-loop cooling tower, the first required heat dissipating capacity of the first cooling loop is corrected according to the first inlet temperature and referring to the difference between the first outlet temperature and the first outlet expected temperature (or the second required heat dissipating capacity of the second cooling loop is corrected according to the second inlet temperature and referring to the difference between the second outlet temperature and the second outlet expected temperature), and the corrected phi i The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein i=1 or 2, and when i=1, Φ 1 Represents the first required heat dissipation capacity, c w1 Represents the specific heat capacity, q, of the cooling liquid in the first cooling circuit w1 Indicating the flow rate of the first cooling circuit,indicating a first inlet temperature, t 10 Indicating the set first outlet desired temperature, +.>Representing a first outlet temperature; when i=2, Φ 2 Represents the second required heat dissipation capacity, c w2 Represents the specific heat capacity, q, of the cooling liquid in the second cooling circuit w2 Indicating the second cooling circuit flow,/->Representing a second inlet temperature, t 20 Indicating the set second outlet desired temperature, +.>Indicating a second outlet temperature.
Although the coolant flows from the first temperature sensor 611 through the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61 to the second temperature sensor 612 (or from the third temperature sensor 621 through the second cooling tower heat exchanger 62 to the fourth temperature sensor 622), a short time constant Δt is required, i.e., the outlet temperature at that momentActually corresponds to the inlet temperature before Δt +.>(Δt can be considered as a constant value, which is related to the flow rate of the coolant and the length of the pipeline, and since the flow rate is basically constant, the pipe diameter and the length of the pipeline are also determined, and Δt is determined), but the difference between the first outlet temperature and the first outlet expected temperature (or the difference between the second outlet temperature and the second outlet expected temperature) can still be used as a reference to correct the system deviation of theoretical calculation and actual conditions.
As can be seen from equation (2), the real-time value of the first required heat dissipation capacity of the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61 can be calculated based on the first inlet temperature and the first outlet temperature acquired in real time, and the real-time value of the second required heat dissipation capacity of the second cooling tower heat exchanger 62 can be calculated based on the second inlet temperature and the second outlet temperature acquired in real time.
Step 3: and (3) calculating the required ventilation quantity: the first required ventilation quantity is calculated according to the first required heat dissipation quantity, the inlet air temperature and the outlet air temperature of the first cooling tower heat exchanger, the second required ventilation quantity is calculated according to the second required heat dissipation quantity, the inlet air temperature and the outlet air temperature of the second cooling tower heat exchanger, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein i=1 or 2, c a Represents the specific heat capacity of the cooling air, t 0 Represents the inlet air temperature of the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61 or the second cooling tower heat exchanger 62, phi when i=1 1 Represents the first required heat dissipation capacity, q a1 Indicating a first required ventilation quantity, which is indicated,representing the outlet air temperature of the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61; when i=2, Φ 2 Represents the second required heat dissipation capacity, q a2 Representing the second required ventilation,/->Representing the outlet air temperature of the second cooling tower heat exchanger 62.
In practice, the volume of the cooling liquid and the cooling air is not changed greatly due to the actual temperature difference, so that the change of the specific heat capacity, namely c, is not considered w1 、c w2 、c a Is a fixed value. Inlet air temperature t of first cooling tower heat exchanger 61 and second cooling tower heat exchanger 62 0 Collecting in real time through a fifth temperature sensor 631 in an air duct above the cooling tower fan 7; at the same time, the method comprises the steps of,represents the temperature rise of the cooling air after passing through the cooling tower heat exchanger, due to the temperature of the outlet air of the cooling tower heat exchanger in the engineering (i.e. +.>Or->) The maximum value of (2) is generally desired, for example 50 ℃.
The calculation of the ventilation quantity can also be realized by arranging a temperature sensor on the heating equipment, monitoring temperature rise data (temperature actual value-temperature expected value) and combining heat exchange coefficients of the heat exchangers of the cooling tower and the inside of the heating equipment to obtain the ventilation quantity, so that the heat dissipation requirement can be more accurately obtained, but the heat dissipation power requirement is not met, and meanwhile, the heat dissipation control related interface between the two equipment is added. In engineering practice, in order to make the interface between the cooling tower heat exchanger and the heating equipment simpler and easier to control, the upper limit of the temperature of the cooling liquid which comes out of the cooling tower heat exchanger, namely enters the heating equipment, namely, the outlet temperature of the cooling tower heat exchanger is required to be lower than a certain expected temperature, and under the condition, the temperature of the heating equipment cannot be overtemperature even under the maximum heating power consumption.
Step 4: and (3) calculating the total ventilation quantity: the total ventilation quantity required to be output by the cooling tower fan 7 is calculated according to the first required ventilation quantity and the second required ventilation quantity, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
q a ＝q a1 +q a2 (4)
wherein q a Indicating the total ventilation.
Step 5: deflection angle calculation of guide vane 8
The proportional relation between the ventilation amounts of the two cooling circuits is calculated according to the first required ventilation amount and the second required ventilation amount, and the deflection angle of the guide vane 8 is determined according to the proportional relation, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
wherein q a1 Represents the first required ventilation, q a2 Indicating a second required ventilation quantity, L 1 Represents the ventilation section corresponding to the first cooling tower heat exchanger when the deflection angle of the guide vane is 0Length of face L 2 The length of the ventilation section corresponding to the second cooling tower heat exchanger when the deflection angle of the guide vane is 0 is represented, R represents the length of the guide vane 8, and L w Representing the width of the air duct section at the guide vane, theta representing the deflection angle of the guide vane 8, and when theta is positive, controlling the guide vane 8 to deflect |theta| from the center line position to the side of the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61; when θ is negative, the control vane 8 is deflected by |θ| from the neutral line position to the second cooling tower heat exchanger 62 side.
The guide vanes 8 are controlled by the stepping motor to deflect, the specific structure and parameters are shown in fig. 8 and 9, the channels between the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61 and the second cooling tower heat exchanger 62 and the cooling tower fan 7 are air channels, the guide vanes 8 are positioned in the corresponding air channels between the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61 and the second cooling tower heat exchanger 62 (shown in fig. 8), and the center line position refers to the position when the deflection angle theta is 0 degrees.
Step 6: control of cooling tower fans 7 and vanes 8
According to the total ventilation q a Controlling the working frequency f of the cooling tower fan 7 to enable the cooling tower fan 7 to output the total ventilation quantity; and controlling the rotary driving module according to the deflection angle theta to deflect the guide vane 8 according to the deflection angle theta, so as to realize the on-demand distribution of the heat dissipation requirements of the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit. When the deflection angle θ calculated by expression (5) is positive, the control vane 8 is deflected by |θ| from the center line position to the first cooling tower heat exchanger 61 side, and when the deflection angle θ is negative, the control vane 8 is deflected by |θ| from the center line position to the second cooling tower heat exchanger 62 side, as shown in fig. 8.
The foregoing disclosure is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that changes and modifications are possible within the scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an electric locomotive double circuit cooling tower which characterized in that: comprises a first cooling loop, a second cooling loop, a cooling tower fan and a control device; the first cooling loop comprises a first water tank, a first water pump, a first heat exchanger inside the heating equipment and a first cooling tower heat exchanger which are connected in sequence; the second cooling loop comprises a second water tank, a second water pump, a second heating equipment internal heat exchanger and a second cooling tower heat exchanger which are connected in sequence;
the first cooling tower heat exchanger and the second cooling tower heat exchanger are both positioned below the cooling tower fan, and are arranged front and back or left and right; guide vanes are arranged in air channels between the first cooling tower heat exchanger and the cooling tower fan as well as between the second cooling tower heat exchanger and the cooling tower fan, and the guide vanes are connected with the output end of the rotary driving module through a rotating shaft; the guide vanes are used for realizing the on-demand distribution of the ventilation output by the fan of the cooling tower between the first cooling tower heat exchanger and the second cooling tower heat exchanger through the deflection of the guide vanes;
a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor are respectively arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the cooling liquid pipeline of the first cooling tower heat exchanger, and a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor are respectively arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the cooling liquid pipeline of the second cooling tower heat exchanger; a fifth temperature sensor is arranged in the air duct above the cooling tower fan; the cooling tower fan, the rotary driving module, the first water pump, the second water pump, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor, the fourth temperature sensor and the fifth temperature sensor are respectively and electrically connected with the control device;
the control device is used for: calculating a first required heat dissipating capacity according to a first inlet temperature acquired by a first temperature sensor, a first outlet temperature acquired by a second temperature sensor and the flow of a first cooling loop; calculating a second required heat dissipating capacity according to a second inlet temperature acquired by the third temperature sensor, a second outlet temperature acquired by the fourth temperature sensor and the flow of the second cooling loop; calculating a first required ventilation amount according to the first required heat dissipation amount, the inlet air temperature and the outlet air temperature of the first cooling tower heat exchanger, and calculating a second required ventilation amount according to the second required heat dissipation amount, the inlet air temperature and the outlet air temperature of the second cooling tower heat exchanger; calculating the total ventilation quantity required to be output by the cooling tower fan according to the first required ventilation quantity and the second required ventilation quantity; calculating the ventilation volume proportion relation between the first cooling loop and the second cooling loop according to the first required ventilation volume and the second required ventilation volume, and determining the deflection angle of the guide vane according to the proportion relation; controlling the working frequency of the cooling tower fan according to the total ventilation quantity, so that the cooling tower fan outputs the total ventilation quantity; and controlling the rotary driving module according to the deflection angle to deflect the guide vanes according to the deflection angle, so that the total ventilation quantity is distributed between the first cooling tower heat exchanger and the second cooling tower heat exchanger according to the requirement.
2. The electric locomotive dual-circuit cooling tower of claim 1, wherein: the pipeline between the first water tank and the first water pump is provided with a first filter, and the pipeline between the second water tank and the second water pump is provided with a second filter.
3. The electric locomotive dual-circuit cooling tower of claim 1, wherein: the first water tank and the second water tank are arranged on two sides of the cooling tower fan, and the first water pump and the second water pump are arranged on two sides of the air duct.
4. A dual circuit cooling tower for an electric locomotive as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the rotary driving module is a stepping motor.
5. A control method of the double-circuit cooling tower for an electric locomotive as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
acquiring a first inlet temperature acquired by a first temperature sensor, a first outlet temperature acquired by a second temperature sensor, a second inlet temperature acquired by a third temperature sensor, a second outlet temperature acquired by a fourth temperature sensor, and inlet air temperatures of a first cooling tower heat exchanger and a second cooling tower heat exchanger acquired by a fifth temperature sensor;
calculating a first required heat dissipation capacity according to the first inlet temperature, the first outlet temperature and the first cooling loop flow; calculating a second required heat dissipation capacity according to the second inlet temperature, the second outlet temperature and the second cooling loop flow;
calculating a first required ventilation quantity according to the first required heat dissipation quantity, the inlet air temperature and the outlet air temperature of the first cooling tower heat exchanger, and calculating a second required ventilation quantity according to the second required heat dissipation quantity, the inlet air temperature and the outlet air temperature of the second cooling tower heat exchanger;
calculating the total ventilation quantity required to be output by the cooling tower fan according to the first required ventilation quantity and the second required ventilation quantity;
calculating a proportional relation between the ventilation amounts of the two cooling loops according to the first required ventilation amount and the second required ventilation amount, and determining the deflection angle of the guide vane according to the proportional relation;
controlling the working frequency of the cooling tower fan according to the total ventilation quantity, so that the cooling tower fan outputs the total ventilation quantity;
and controlling the rotary driving module according to the deflection angle to deflect the guide vane according to the deflection angle, so as to realize the on-demand distribution of the heat dissipation requirements of the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit.
6. The method for controlling a dual-circuit cooling tower of an electric locomotive as claimed in claim 5, wherein the calculation formulas of the first required heat dissipation capacity and the second required heat dissipation capacity are as follows:
wherein i=1 or 2, and when i=1, Φ 1 Represents the first required heat dissipation capacity, c w1 Represents the specific heat capacity, q, of the cooling liquid in the first cooling circuit w1 Indicating the flow rate of the first cooling circuit,indicating a first inlet temperature, t 10 Indicating a set first outlet expectationTemperature (F)>Representing a first outlet temperature; when i=2, Φ 2 Represents the second required heat dissipation capacity, c w2 Represents the specific heat capacity, q, of the cooling liquid in the second cooling circuit w2 Indicating the second cooling circuit flow,/->Representing a second inlet temperature, t 20 Indicating the set second outlet desired temperature, +.>Indicating a second outlet temperature.
7. The method for controlling a dual-circuit cooling tower of an electric locomotive as claimed in claim 6, wherein the calculation formulas of the first required ventilation amount and the second required ventilation amount are as follows:
wherein i=1 or 2, c a Represents the specific heat capacity of the cooling air, t 0 Represents the inlet air temperature of the first cooling tower heat exchanger or the second cooling tower heat exchanger, phi when i=1 1 Represents the first required heat dissipation capacity, q a1 Indicating a first required ventilation quantity, which is indicated,representing the outlet air temperature of the first cooling tower heat exchanger; when i=2, Φ 2 Represents the second required heat dissipation capacity, q a2 Representing the second required ventilation,/->Representing the outlet air temperature of the second cooling tower heat exchanger.
8. The control method for a double-circuit cooling tower of an electric locomotive as claimed in claim 7, wherein the expression for determining the deflection angle of the guide vane according to the proportional relationship is:
wherein q a1 Represents the first required ventilation, q a2 Indicating a second required ventilation quantity, L 1 Representing the length L of a ventilation section corresponding to the heat exchanger of the first cooling tower when the deflection angle of the guide vane is 0 2 The length of the ventilation section corresponding to the second cooling tower heat exchanger when the deflection angle of the guide vane is 0 is represented, R represents the length of the guide vane, and L w The section width of the air duct at the guide vane is represented, theta represents the deflection angle of the guide vane, and when theta is positive, the guide vane deflects |theta| from the center line position to the first cooling tower heat exchanger; when θ is negative, it indicates that the guide vane deflects |θ| from the centerline position toward the second cooling tower heat exchanger.
9. An electric locomotive, characterized in that: comprising a dual circuit cooling tower according to any of claims 1-4.
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| CN114234666A (en) | 2022-03-25 |
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