CN114233526A - 一种抑制天然气发动机爆震以及失火的氨重整系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种抑制天然气发动机爆震以及失火的氨重整系统及方法 Download PDF

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CN114233526A
CN114233526A CN202110919359.9A CN202110919359A CN114233526A CN 114233526 A CN114233526 A CN 114233526A CN 202110919359 A CN202110919359 A CN 202110919359A CN 114233526 A CN114233526 A CN 114233526A
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ammonia
hydrogen
nitrogen
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丁宇
杨宇
贲虹凯
向拉
李兆
马文举
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Harbin Engineering University
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Abstract

本发明的目的在于提供一种抑制天然气发动机爆震以及失火的氨重整系统及方法，包括天然气供给装置、氨储罐、镍基储罐、反应炉、氮缓冲罐、氢缓冲罐、混合器，涡轮增压器的压气机经混合器连接发动机的进气总管，发动机的排气总管通过排气管路连接涡轮增压器的涡轮，天然气供给装置通过节气门连接混合器，氨储罐通过氨汽化器连接反应炉进口，镍基储罐通过镍基阀门连接反应炉进口，反应炉出口连接低温液化分离器，低温液化分离器分别连接氢缓冲罐和氮缓冲罐，氢缓冲罐通过氢阀门连接汽化器，氮缓冲罐通过氮阀门连接汽化器，汽化器连接混合器。本发明可防止船用天然气发动机在动态运行区间发生失火以及爆震现象，并且可以实现清洁的燃烧。

Description

一种抑制天然气发动机爆震以及失火的氨重整系统及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种天然气发动机，具体地说是天然气发动机控制系统及方法。
背景技术
当前地球环境日益恶劣、石油储备日益减少，为了改善地球环境以及应对能源危机，人们将注意力转移到了液化天然气上，液化天然气以其能量密度高、储量丰富、含硫量低、完全燃烧时造成的空气污染较小等优点，成为了替代传统石油燃料的首选燃料。
现阶段船用天然气发动机运行工况分为稳态工况和动态工况，其中在动态工况下，船用天然气发动机中的中高速机的运行区间相比于普通柴油机更窄，因此船用天然气发动机的动态特性较差，极易发生爆震以及失火。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供能解决空燃比不稳定导致发动机出现失火或爆震现象问题的一种抑制天然气发动机爆震以及失火的氨重整系统及方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：
本发明一种抑制天然气发动机爆震以及失火的氨重整系统，其特征是：包括天然气供给装置、氨储罐、镍基储罐、反应炉、氮缓冲罐、氢缓冲罐、混合器，涡轮增压器的压气机经混合器连接发动机的进气总管，发动机的排气总管通过排气管路连接涡轮增压器的涡轮，天然气供给装置通过节气门连接混合器，氨储罐通过氨汽化器连接反应炉进口，镍基储罐通过镍基阀门连接反应炉进口，反应炉出口连接低温液化分离器，低温液化分离器分别连接氢缓冲罐和氮缓冲罐，氢缓冲罐通过氢阀门连接汽化器，氮缓冲罐通过氮阀门连接汽化器，汽化器连接混合器。
本发明一种抑制天然气发动机爆震以及失火的氨重整系统还可以包括：
1、排气管路分别伸出支路连接氨汽化器和反应炉，排气管路于氨汽化器之间设置第一废气旁通阀，排气管路与反应炉之间设置第二旁通阀。
本发明一种抑制天然气发动机爆震以及失火的氨重整方法，其特征是：
当检测到氢缓冲罐及氮缓冲罐中的液态氢与液态氮容积低于氢缓冲罐及氮缓冲罐容积的50％，且此时废气满足涡轮能量需求，打开第一废气旁通阀、第二废气旁通阀、氨阀门、镍基阀门，氨储罐中的液态氨通过氨汽化器汽化为氨气进入反应炉中，镍基储罐中的镍基进入反应炉中，高温废气流经反应炉对其进行加热，使氨气分解为氢气与氮气，两种气体的的混合气流入低温液化分离器进行分离，分离后的液态氢气与液态氮气进入氢缓冲罐与氮缓冲罐中储存，当氢缓冲罐中的液态氢与氮缓冲罐中的氮容积高于氢缓冲罐以及氮缓冲罐容积的90％时，关闭第一废气旁通阀、第二废气旁通阀、氨阀门以及镍基阀门，反应停止；
当检测到发动机即将发生爆震时，打开氮阀门，液态氮通过汽化器汽化为氮气，氮气进入混合器中与天然气及空气混合最终通入气缸中，当检测到发动机正常工作时，关闭氮阀门；当检测到发动机即将发生失火时，打开氢阀门，液态氢通过汽化器汽化为氢气，氢气进入混合器中与天然气、空气混合最终通入发动机气缸内，当检测到发动机正常工作时，关闭氢阀门。
本发明的优势在于：使用天然气作为主要燃料，氨重整产生的氢及氮做混合气，加速燃烧或抑制燃烧，可防止船用天然气发动机在动态运行区间发生失火以及爆震现象，并且可以实现清洁的燃烧；氨在反应炉中发生分解反应，其反应所需的热量来自船用天然气发动机排出的高温废气，提高了能量利用率；设置了缓冲罐，使得该装置能快速提供给船用天然气发动机氢气与氮气，防止其发生爆震以及失火。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的流程图；
图3为氢气氮气控制流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图举例对本发明做更详细地描述：
结合图1-3，本发明一种抑制船用天然气发动机爆震失火的氨重整系统及方法，包括船用天然气发动机21，天然气供给系统、氨重整系统、电控系统、增压系统。
天然气供给系统包括天然气供给装置1以及节气门2；所述氨重整系统宝包括；液态氨储罐20、镍基储罐15、氨汽化器19、反应炉13、低温液化分离器12、氢缓冲罐9、氮缓冲罐10、；所述电控系统包括ECU8、ECU16、氢阀门7、氮阀门6、氨阀门11、镍基阀门14、废气旁通阀17、废气旁通阀18；所述增压系统包括压气机3以及涡轮5。此外还包括进气管23以及排气管22。
本发明工作原理：
当船用天然气发动机21正常工作且氢缓冲罐9以及氮缓冲罐10中的氢和氮充足时，天然气供给装置1提供的天然气通过节气门2，与通过压气机3的空气在混合器4中进行混合，进入船用天然气发动机21的气缸中，船用天然气发动机21工作产生的废气通过涡轮5排放至大气中，废气通过涡轮5带动涡轮旋转，并通过轴带动压气机3旋转加压，增加进气流量。此时氢阀门7、氮阀门6、氨阀门11、镍基阀门14、废气旁通阀17、废气旁通阀18均为关闭状态。
当ECU16检测到氢缓冲罐9及氮缓冲罐10中的液态氢与液态氮容积低于氢缓冲罐9及氮缓冲罐10容积的50％，且此时废气满足涡轮5能量需求,ECU16控制废气旁通阀17、废气旁通阀18、氨阀门11、镍基阀门14打开，氨储罐20 中的液态氨通过氨汽化器19汽化为氨气进入反应炉13中，镍基储罐15中的镍基进入反应炉13中。高温废气流经反应炉13对其进行加热，使氨气分解为氢气与氮气，俩种气体的的混合气流入低温液化分离器12进行分离，分离后的液态氢气与液态氮气进入氢缓冲罐9与氮缓冲罐10中储存。当氢缓冲罐9中的液态氢与氮缓冲罐10中的氮容积高于氢缓冲罐9以及氮缓冲罐10容积的90％时， ECU16控制废气旁通阀17、废气旁通阀18、氨阀门11以及镍基阀门13关闭，反应停止。
当ECU8检测到船用天然气发动机21即将发生爆震时，ECU8控制氮阀门6 打开，液态氮通过汽化器24汽化为氮气，氮气进入混合器4中与天然气及空气混合最终通入气缸中，由于氮气热容较高，可降低发动机气缸温度，抑制缸内天然气燃烧，防止爆震，当ECU8检测到发动机正常工作时，ECU8控制氮阀门6 关闭；当ECU8检测到船用天然气发动机21即将发生失火时，ECU8控制氢阀门 7打开，液态氢通过汽化器24汽化为氢气，氢气进入混合器4中与天然气、空气混合最终通入发动机气缸内，由于氢气燃烧速度快，故可加强船用天然气发动机燃烧，防止失火，当ECU8检测到发动机正常工作时，ECU8控制氢阀门7 关闭。

Claims (3)

1.一种抑制天然气发动机爆震以及失火的氨重整系统，其特征是：包括天然气供给装置、氨储罐、镍基储罐、反应炉、氮缓冲罐、氢缓冲罐、混合器，涡轮增压器的压气机经混合器连接发动机的进气总管，发动机的排气总管通过排气管路连接涡轮增压器的涡轮，天然气供给装置通过节气门连接混合器，氨储罐通过氨汽化器连接反应炉进口，镍基储罐通过镍基阀门连接反应炉进口，反应炉出口连接低温液化分离器，低温液化分离器分别连接氢缓冲罐和氮缓冲罐，氢缓冲罐通过氢阀门连接汽化器，氮缓冲罐通过氮阀门连接汽化器，汽化器连接混合器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抑制天然气发动机爆震以及失火的氨重整系统，其特征是：排气管路分别伸出支路连接氨汽化器和反应炉，排气管路于氨汽化器之间设置第一废气旁通阀，排气管路与反应炉之间设置第二旁通阀。
3.一种抑制天然气发动机爆震以及失火的氨重整方法，其特征是：
当检测到氢缓冲罐及氮缓冲罐中的液态氢与液态氮容积低于氢缓冲罐及氮缓冲罐容积的50％，且此时废气满足涡轮能量需求，打开第一废气旁通阀、第二废气旁通阀、氨阀门、镍基阀门，氨储罐中的液态氨通过氨汽化器汽化为氨气进入反应炉中，镍基储罐中的镍基进入反应炉中，高温废气流经反应炉对其进行加热，使氨气分解为氢气与氮气，两种气体的的混合气流入低温液化分离器进行分离，分离后的液态氢气与液态氮气进入氢缓冲罐与氮缓冲罐中储存，当氢缓冲罐中的液态氢与氮缓冲罐中的氮容积高于氢缓冲罐以及氮缓冲罐容积的90％时，关闭第一废气旁通阀、第二废气旁通阀、氨阀门以及镍基阀门，反应停止；
当检测到发动机即将发生爆震时，打开氮阀门，液态氮通过汽化器汽化为氮气，氮气进入混合器中与天然气及空气混合最终通入气缸中，当检测到发动机正常工作时，关闭氮阀门；当检测到发动机即将发生失火时，打开氢阀门，液态氢通过汽化器汽化为氢气，氢气进入混合器中与天然气、空气混合最终通入发动机气缸内，当检测到发动机正常工作时，关闭氢阀门。
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