CN114232689A - Leveling method for immersed tube tunnel full-floating foundation bed - Google Patents
Leveling method for immersed tube tunnel full-floating foundation bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN114232689A CN114232689A CN202210137393.5A CN202210137393A CN114232689A CN 114232689 A CN114232689 A CN 114232689A CN 202210137393 A CN202210137393 A CN 202210137393A CN 114232689 A CN114232689 A CN 114232689A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/063—Tunnels submerged into, or built in, open water
- E02D29/073—Tunnels or shuttering therefor assembled from sections individually sunk onto, or laid on, the water-bed, e.g. in a preformed trench
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/88—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements acting by a sucking or forcing effect, e.g. suction dredgers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/88—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements acting by a sucking or forcing effect, e.g. suction dredgers
- E02F3/8833—Floating installations
- E02F3/885—Floating installations self propelled, e.g. ship
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/88—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements acting by a sucking or forcing effect, e.g. suction dredgers
- E02F3/90—Component parts, e.g. arrangement or adaptation of pumps
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/88—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements acting by a sucking or forcing effect, e.g. suction dredgers
- E02F3/90—Component parts, e.g. arrangement or adaptation of pumps
- E02F3/907—Measuring or control devices, e.g. control units, detection means or sensors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/88—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements acting by a sucking or forcing effect, e.g. suction dredgers
- E02F3/90—Component parts, e.g. arrangement or adaptation of pumps
- E02F3/92—Digging elements, e.g. suction heads
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of leveling of immersed tube tunnel bedbeds, and particularly relates to a leveling method of a full-floating type bedbed of an immersed tube tunnel. The foundation bed leveling method does not comprise a pile inserting step, and a leveling ship drives a riprap pipe to lay and level the foundation bed by moving a walking cart and a walking trolley in a full-floating state; and in the operation process, reading the numerical value of the ship body inclinometer in real time, and adjusting the ballast water amount of each ballast tank on the leveling ship in real time according to the numerical value so as to keep the leveling ship horizontal all the time in the operation process. The method for leveling the immersed tunnel full-floating foundation bed solves the problems of high pile inserting risk, foundation trench slope collapse, pile leg sideslip, poor construction flexibility and the like of the traditional full-lifting foundation bed leveling method under complex geological conditions, reduces foundation trench excavation amount and leveling operation time, improves construction efficiency and leveling accuracy while reducing operation risk, creates the technological precedent of full-floating foundation bed leveling operation, and fills up the technical blank of the industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of leveling of immersed tube tunnel bedbeds, and particularly relates to a leveling method of a full-floating type bedbed of an immersed tube tunnel.
Background
According to geological structure analysis, geological conditions near seashore, inland waters and gulf regions are usually complex, the covering layer is generally thin, and even the rock base is exposed. The construction of immersed tunnels in these areas is difficult due to the following reasons: after the foundation trench is excavated, the upper thin soil layer is basically removed completely; the conventional full-lifting foundation bed leveling method is usually adopted by a platform type leveling ship during leveling, pile legs of the platform type leveling ship can be generally inserted into a soil layer with a thicker covering layer, but in a construction area with a basically thinner geological covering layer and even an exposed rock base, the leveling ship inserts piles on a rock foundation side slope or a design platform, risks exist, and the stability of the pile legs is poor, so that the safety of the ship is greatly influenced, for example, the stability of the leveling ship is poor, the service life of the pile legs is influenced by damaging a lifting mechanism, the bottom structure of the pile legs is damaged, and the like. If under the prerequisite that does not totally master geological conditions and basic side slope stability, it is huge to take the risk of carrying out full lifting pile inserting suddenly.
Therefore, for the complex geological conditions, the traditional full-lifting type foundation bed leveling method has the problems of high pile inserting risk, poor operation safety, poor stability of a leveling ship, instability of an inserted pile side slope, side slip of pile legs and the like. In view of the above, it is desirable to develop a method for leveling a foundation bed that can meet the requirements of foundation bed leveling operations under complex geological conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the related art, the invention provides a full-floating foundation bed leveling method for an immersed tube tunnel, which aims to solve the problem that the traditional full-lifting foundation bed leveling method cannot meet the foundation bed leveling operation requirement under the complex geological condition.
The invention relates to a leveling method of a immersed tube tunnel full-floating foundation bed, which comprises the following steps:
the leveling ship enters a construction site and is positioned in a to-be-constructed area;
the feeding ship enters a construction site and is positioned at a preset distance from the leveling ship;
moving a walking cart and a walking trolley on the leveling ship to move a riprap pipe on the leveling ship to a riprap leveling starting point position; adjusting the ballast water amount of each ballast tank on the leveling ship, and observing the numerical value of a ship body inclinometer on the leveling ship so as to adjust the leveling ship to be in a horizontal state;
lowering the riprap pipe to the construction height, conveying stones into the riprap pipe by a material supply ship, and driving the riprap pipe to lay and level the foundation bed by moving the walking cart and the walking trolley; during the period, reading the value of the ship body inclinometer in real time, and adjusting the ballast water amount of each ballast tank in real time according to the value so as to ensure that the leveling ship keeps level all the time in the process of paving and leveling the foundation bed;
the method for leveling the immersed tunnel full-floating foundation bed does not comprise a pile inserting step, and the leveling ship carries out foundation bed laying and leveling operation in a full-floating state.
According to the technical scheme, the leveling operation of paving the gravel foundation bed in a full-floating state without inserting/pulling the leveling ship is realized, the problems of high pile inserting risk, poor operation safety, poor ship body stability, instability of the pile inserting side slope, pile leg sideslip and the like in the traditional full-lifting type foundation bed leveling method under the complex geological condition are solved, the foundation trench excavation amount and the leveling operation time are reduced, the operation risk is reduced, the construction efficiency and the leveling precision are improved, the technology precedent of the full-floating type foundation bed leveling operation is created, and the technical blank of the industry is filled.
In some embodiments, after the leveling ship enters a construction site, a GPS positioning system on the leveling ship is utilized, and the positioning precision of the leveling ship is controlled within +/-100 mm by retracting a plurality of anchor cables on the leveling ship; the tension of each anchor line is not less than 18 t. The technical scheme realizes the accurate positioning of the whole flat ship.
In some embodiments, eight ballast tanks are arranged on the leveling ship, the eight ballast tanks are respectively positioned at the left end and the right end of the bow, the left end and the right end of the stern, the front end and the rear end of the port side and the front end and the rear end of the starboard side, and each ballast tank is provided with a first remote control butterfly valve for controlling water inlet or drainage of the ballast tank; the ballast water amount of each ballast tank is adjusted in real time through each first remote control butterfly valve, and the inclination value of the hull of the leveling ship is controlled within +/-0.08 degrees in the foundation bed laying and leveling process. According to the technical scheme, the eight ballast tanks in different directions of the leveling ship are arranged, the ballast water amount of each ballast tank is adjusted in real time, fine leveling of the leveling ship in a full-floating state is achieved, and the levelness of the hull of the leveling ship in the leveling operation process of the full-floating foundation bed is obviously improved.
In some embodiments, the bottom of the riprap tube is provided with a leveling head, the leveling head further comprises a scraper and a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, the fixed ends of the hydraulic cylinders are connected to the bottom of the riprap tube, the extending ends of the hydraulic cylinders are connected with the top of the scraper, and the hydraulic cylinders drive the scraper to move up and down; and the hydraulic oil cylinder is provided with a length measuring sensor which is in communication connection with a measurement and control system of the leveling ship so as to transmit the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder to the measurement and control system in real time. According to the technical scheme, the hydraulic oil cylinder and the length measuring sensor are arranged, so that the movability of the upper position and the lower position of the scraper and the monitoring performance of the elevation of the scraper are realized.
In some embodiments, the bed laying and leveling operation is performed at high tide, and the method further comprises the following steps:
firstly, enabling a hydraulic oil cylinder to be in an unstretched state, then lowering a riprap pipe to enable the bottom surface of a scraper to reach a flood tide construction height, wherein the flood tide construction height is the sum of the designed elevation of a foundation bed and the preset minimum stroke of the hydraulic oil cylinder;
starting the hydraulic oil cylinder to extend outwards so that the bottom surface of the scraper reaches the designed elevation position of the foundation bed, and recording the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder by the measurement and control system;
moving the walking cart and the walking trolley to drive the scraper to carry out the paving and leveling operation of the foundation bed; during the period, the measurement and control system automatically increases the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder according to the monitored flood height change so as to keep the bottom surface elevation of the scraper consistent with the designed elevation of the foundation bed at all times.
According to the technical scheme, the hydraulic oil cylinder can adjust the extension length along with the change of the tide rising height, so that the elevation of the bottom surface of the scraper is kept consistent with the designed elevation of the foundation bed at any time, and the foundation bed paving and leveling precision during tide rising is ensured; meanwhile, the height of the leveling ship or the riprap pipe can be adjusted for many times without changing the tide difference along with the tide difference, and the construction efficiency is obviously improved.
In some embodiments, after the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder reaches the preset maximum stroke, the hydraulic oil cylinder is firstly retracted to the non-extension state, then the riprap pipe is put down again, the bottom surface of the scraper reaches the flood tide construction height again, then the hydraulic oil cylinder is started to extend outwards so that the bottom surface of the scraper reaches the designed elevation position of the foundation bed, and then the foundation bed laying and leveling operation is continued. The technical scheme ensures the continuous operation of the leveling operation of the foundation bed in the tide rising process, and further improves the construction efficiency.
In some of these embodiments, the bedding laying and leveling operation is performed at a time of a tide fall, further comprising the steps of:
firstly, enabling a hydraulic oil cylinder to be in an unextended state, then lowering a riprap pipe to enable the bottom surface of a scraper to reach a tide falling construction height, wherein the tide falling construction height is the sum of the design elevation of a foundation bed and the preset maximum stroke of the hydraulic oil cylinder;
starting the hydraulic oil cylinder to extend outwards so that the bottom surface of the scraper reaches the designed elevation position of the foundation bed, and recording the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder by the measurement and control system;
moving the walking cart and the walking trolley to drive the scraper to carry out the paving and leveling operation of the foundation bed; during the period, the measurement and control system automatically shortens the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder according to the monitored height change of the falling tide so as to keep the bottom surface elevation of the scraper consistent with the design elevation of the foundation bed at any time.
According to the technical scheme, the hydraulic oil cylinder can adjust the extension length along with the change of the height of the falling tide, so that the elevation of the bottom surface of the scraper is kept consistent with the designed elevation of the foundation bed at any time, and the paving and leveling precision of the foundation bed in the falling tide is ensured; meanwhile, the height of the leveling ship or the riprap pipe can be adjusted for many times without changing the tide difference along with the tide difference, and the construction efficiency is obviously improved.
In some embodiments, after the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder is reduced to the preset minimum stroke, the hydraulic oil cylinder is firstly retracted to the non-extension state, then the riprap pipe is lifted, the bottom surface of the scraper reaches the tide falling construction height again, then the hydraulic oil cylinder is started to extend outwards so that the bottom surface of the scraper reaches the designed elevation position of the foundation bed, and then the foundation bed laying and leveling operation is continued. This technical scheme has ensured going on in succession of basement bed flattening operation when falling tide, further improves the efficiency of construction.
In some embodiments, when the foundation bed is paved and leveled, the moving speed of the walking cart and the walking trolley is not more than 2m/min, and the position and the walking speed of the walking cart and the walking trolley are displayed in real time by a measurement and control system of the leveling ship.
Based on the technical scheme, the method for leveling the full-floating foundation bed of the immersed tunnel solves the problems of high pile inserting risk, poor operation safety, poor hull stability, instability of pile inserting side slopes, side slipping of pile legs and the like of the traditional full-lifting foundation bed leveling method under complex geological conditions, achieves the purpose that the leveling ship does not need pile inserting/pulling operation and lays and levels the gravel foundation bed in the full-floating state, reduces foundation trench excavation amount and leveling operation time, reduces operation risk, improves construction efficiency and leveling accuracy, creates the technical precedent of the full-floating foundation bed leveling operation, and fills up the technical blank of the industry.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the leveling method of the immersed tube tunnel full-floating foundation bed of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a construction state diagram of the leveling vessel of the present invention for performing the leveling operation of the full floating foundation bed;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the ballast water system on the ballast vessel of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a riprap of the ballast boat of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. leveling the ship; 10. a moon pool; 11. a stone throwing pipe; 12. an anchor cable; 13. flattening heads; 14. a scraper; 15. a hydraulic cylinder; 16. constructing sonar; 17. checking a sonar; 18. a gravel foundation bed; 19. an outer frame; 20. an inner frame; 21. a first left ballast tank; 22. a second left ballast tank; 23. a third left ballast tank; 24. a fourth left ballast tank; 25. a first right ballast tank; 26. a second right ballast tank; 27. a third right ballast tank; 28. a fourth right ballast tank; 29. a seawater buffer cabin; 30. a seawater valve box; 31. a first left ballast pump; 32. a second left ballast pump; 33. a first right ballast pump; 34. a second right ballast pump; 35. a seawater main pipe; 36. a ballast pump water inlet main pipe; 37. a ballast pump water inlet pipe; 38. a ballast pump outlet pipe; 39. a ballast pump return pipe; 40. a ballast water pipe; 41. a ballast water scavenge pipe; 42. a ballast water suction inlet; 43. a cabin sweeping suction inlet; 44. a butterfly check valve; 45. a first remote control butterfly valve; 46. a second remote control butterfly valve; 47. a third remote control butterfly valve; 48. a fourth remote control butterfly valve; 49. a fifth remote control butterfly valve; 50. a water inlet main valve of the ballast pump.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", "front", "rear", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in fig. 3, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, and referring to fig. 2 and 3, the method for leveling the immersed tube tunnel full-floating foundation bed of the invention comprises the following steps:
the leveling ship 1 enters a construction site and is positioned in a to-be-constructed area; specifically, a GPS positioning system on the leveling ship 1 is utilized, and the leveling ship 1 is positioned in the area to be constructed by tightening the anchor cable 12;
the feeding ship enters a construction site and is positioned at a preset distance from the leveling ship 1; specifically, the feeding ship is positioned outside the leveling ship 1, and keeps a distance of more than 5m with the leveling ship 1, so that ship collision caused by anchor walking of the leveling ship 1 or the feeding ship is prevented;
moving a walking cart and a walking trolley on the leveling vessel 1 to move the riprap pipe 11 on the leveling vessel 1 to the riprap leveling starting point position of the gravel foundation bed 18; adjusting the ballast water amount of each ballast tank on the leveling ship 1, and observing the numerical value of a ship body inclinometer on the leveling ship 1 so as to adjust the leveling ship 1 to be in a horizontal state;
lowering the riprap pipe 11 to the construction height, conveying stones into the riprap pipe 11 by a feeding boat, and driving the riprap pipe 11 to carry out the bedding laying and leveling operation by moving the walking cart and the walking trolley; during the period, the numerical value of the ship inclination meter is read in real time, and the ballast water amount of each ballast tank is adjusted in real time according to the numerical value, so that the leveling ship 1 is kept horizontal constantly in the foundation bed laying and leveling process, the condition that the ship body inclines due to the influence of storm flow and position movement of a walking cart and a walking trolley on the leveling ship 1 is avoided, the stability of the ship body of the leveling ship 1 is improved, and the leveling precision is further improved;
it should be noted that the method for leveling the full-floating foundation bed of the immersed tunnel does not comprise a pile inserting step, the leveling ship 1 carries out foundation bed laying leveling operation in a full-floating state, namely the leveling ship 1 does not need pile inserting/pulling operation, so that the technical problem of pile inserting leveling under complex geological conditions is solved, the risks of instability of a rock foundation pile inserting ship, instability of a foundation slope and the like are effectively avoided, and the safety of foundation bed leveling operation under complex geological conditions is improved; meanwhile, the structural damage of the pile leg or the lifting mechanism is avoided, the service life is prolonged, the maintenance time is prolonged, and the construction cost is reduced.
According to the illustrative embodiment, the leveling operation of paving the gravel foundation bed 18 in the full-floating state without inserting/pulling the pile of the leveling ship 1 is realized, the problems of high pile inserting risk, poor operation safety, poor ship body stability, instability of pile inserting side slopes, side slipping of pile legs and the like of the traditional full-lifting foundation bed leveling method under the complex geological condition are solved, the pressure of the pile legs on the foundation is avoided, the operation risk is reduced, the construction safety is obviously improved, the pile inserting/pulling time is saved, the foundation trench excavation amount and the leveling operation time are reduced, the construction efficiency is obviously improved, and the stability and the leveling precision of the ship body are improved.
As shown in fig. 2, in some embodiments, after the leveling vessel 1 enters a construction site, the GPS positioning system on the leveling vessel 1 is used to display the shape and position of the hull of the riprap leveling vessel 1 in real time, and the positioning accuracy of the leveling vessel 1 is controlled within ± 100mm by retracting and releasing a plurality of anchor cables 12 on the leveling vessel 1 according to the received GPS information, so as to realize accurate positioning of the leveling vessel 1; the pulling force of each anchor cable 12 is not less than 18t, and the stability of the hull of the leveling vessel 1 is ensured by resisting the change of the external hydrological conditions through the force of the anchor cables 12. It will be appreciated that the survey and control system of the planing vessel 1 monitors changes in ambient conditions in real time to adjust the anchor lines 12 in real time to ensure the accuracy of the positioning of the planing vessel 1 and the stability of the hull. Furthermore, the number of the anchor cables 12 is six, and the six anchor cables 12 are respectively connected to the left, middle and right positions of the bow and the left, middle and right positions of the stern; it is to be understood that the present invention is not limited thereto and that one skilled in the art can adjust the number and location of the anchor lines 12 as desired.
It should be noted that, because the leveling vessel 1 performs leveling operation in a full-floating state, and the plane position of the leveling vessel 1 is limited by the anchor cables 12, a person skilled in the art can flexibly adjust the plane position of the leveling vessel 1 through the anchor cables 12 according to actual construction needs, thereby solving the construction defects that the vessel position deviation is inconvenient to correct and the vessel position cannot be flexibly adjusted due to the fact that the vessel position of the leveling vessel 1 is fixed in the conventional full-lifting type foundation bed leveling method, realizing flexible adjustment of the vessel position of the leveling vessel 1, improving the construction operation efficiency, and achieving the expectation of cost reduction and efficiency improvement.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, eight ballast tanks are disposed in the ballast water system of the leveling vessel 1, and the eight ballast tanks are respectively disposed at the left and right ends of the bow, the left and right ends of the stern, the front and rear ends of the port side, and the front and rear ends of the starboard side. Specifically, the eight ballast tanks are further subdivided into a first left ballast tank 21 and a first right ballast tank 25 respectively located at the left and right ends of the bow, a fourth left ballast tank 24 and a fourth right ballast tank 28 respectively located at the left and right ends of the stern, a second left ballast tank 22 and a third left ballast tank 23 respectively located at the front and rear ends of the port, and a second right ballast tank 26 and a third right ballast tank 27 respectively located at the front and rear ends of the starboard. And a liquid level sensor which is in communication connection with the measurement and control system of the leveling ship 1 is arranged in each ballast tank, so that the measurement and control system can monitor the ballast water amount of each ballast tank in real time. Four ballast pumps are also arranged in the ballast water system on the leveling ship 1. Each ballast pump is connected to two ballast tanks via a ballast water pipe 40, i.e., each ballast pump is responsible for ballast water filling or discharging of two ballast tanks. Specifically, the four ballast pumps are further subdivided into a first left ballast pump 31 connected to the first left ballast tank 21 and the second left ballast tank 22, a second left ballast pump 32 connected to the third left ballast tank 23 and the fourth left ballast tank 24, a first right ballast pump 33 connected to the first right ballast tank 25 and the second right ballast tank 26, and a second right ballast pump 34 connected to the third right ballast tank 27 and the fourth right ballast tank 28. Each ballast tank is provided with a first remote control butterfly valve 45, and the first remote control butterfly valve 45 is connected with the ballast water pipe 40 and used for controlling water inlet or water discharge of the ballast tank. Further, a ballast branch pipe is arranged in the ballast tank, and the first remote control butterfly valve 45 is positioned on the ballast branch pipe; one end of the ballast branch pipe is connected with a ballast water pipe 40, and the other end is a ballast water suction port 42 suspended in the ballast tank, so that the ballast water in the ballast tank can be filled or discharged.
Further, a ballast pump outlet pipe 38 is connected to each ballast pump output, the ballast pump outlet pipe 38 is connected to a ballast water pipe 40, and a second remote butterfly valve 46 is provided on the ballast pump outlet pipe 38 for controlling the ballast pump to fill the ballast water into the two ballast tanks to which the ballast pump is connected. Each ballast pump input end is connected with a ballast pump return pipe 39, and the ballast pump return pipe 39 is provided with a third remote control butterfly valve 47 for controlling the discharge of ballast water in the two ballast tanks connected with the ballast pump. A fifth remote control butterfly valve 49 is further arranged on the ballast water pipe 40 connected between the output end of the first left ballast pump 31 and the output end of the second left ballast pump 32, and the fifth remote control butterfly valve 49 is an isolating valve and is used for enabling the ballast water output by the first left ballast pump 31 and the ballast water output by the second left ballast pump 32 to flow to the ballast tanks correspondingly connected with the first left ballast pump 31 and the second left ballast pump 32 respectively; similarly, a fifth remote-control butterfly valve 49 is provided in the ballast water pipe 40 connected between the output end of the first right ballast pump 33 and the output end of the second right ballast pump 34.
Further, the ballast water system on the leveling vessel 1 further includes two seawater buffer tanks 29, and the two seawater buffer tanks 29 are respectively located in the middle of the port side and the middle of the starboard side. It will be appreciated that a submersible pump is connected to the seawater buffer tank 29 for pumping seawater into the seawater buffer tank 29. Each seawater buffer tank 29 is further connected to a seawater valve box 30, the output end of the seawater valve box 30 is connected to a seawater main pipe 35, and the input end of each ballast pump is connected to a ballast pump water inlet main pipe 36 connected to the seawater main pipe 35, so as to introduce seawater into the ballast pump. The seawater main pipe 35 and the ballast pump inlet main pipe 36 are both provided with remote control butterfly valves for controlling the inlet water of the ballast pump. Each ballast pump input end is connected with a ballast pump water inlet main pipe 36 through a ballast pump water inlet pipe 37, and a ballast pump water inlet main valve 50 is further arranged on the ballast pump water inlet pipe 37. It will be appreciated that the seawater surge tank 29, seawater valve box 30 and the various components and connections within the pump room are shown enlarged in figure 3 to the extent that the moon pool 10 of the planing vessel 1 is located, for clarity of illustration.
The ballast water system on the leveling ship 1 further comprises ballast water tank-sweeping pipes 41 which are correspondingly connected with each ballast tank one by one, one end of each ballast water tank-sweeping pipe 41 is a tank-sweeping suction inlet 43 suspended in the ballast tank, and the other end of each ballast water tank-sweeping pipe is connected to a bilge water jet pump so as to perform tank-sweeping operation and discharge residual liquid to the ballast tank. The bottom of each ballast tank is provided with a ballast water gravity discharge pipe, which is provided with a butterfly check valve 44 and a fourth remote control butterfly valve 48 for gravity discharge of ballast water in the ballast tank.
According to the illustrative embodiment, the inclination value of the hull of the leveling ship 1 in the foundation bed laying and leveling process is controlled within +/-0.08 degrees by arranging the eight ballast tanks in different directions of the leveling ship 1 and adjusting the ballast water amount of each ballast tank in real time, fine leveling of the leveling ship 1 in a full-floating state is realized, the levelness of the hull of the leveling ship 1 in the full-floating foundation bed leveling operation process is obviously improved, and further the leveling precision of the gravel foundation bed is ensured.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, a leveling head 13 is mounted at the bottom of the riprap pipe 11, and the leveling head 13 further comprises a scraper 14 and a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 15, and further comprises an outer frame 19 fixedly connected with the bottom of the riprap pipe 11 and an inner frame 20 moving up and down relative to the outer frame 19; the doctor blade 14 is attached to the bottom of the inner frame 20; the fixed end of the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 is fixed on the outer frame 19 to be connected to the bottom of the stone throwing pipe 11, the extended end of the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 is fixed on the inner frame 20 to be connected to the top of the scraper 14, and the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 drives the inner frame 20 and the scraper 14 to move up and down. The hydraulic cylinders 15 are four in number, and are uniformly arranged around the bottom of the riprap pipe 11. And a length measuring sensor in communication connection with the measurement and control system of the leveling ship 1 is further arranged on the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 so as to transmit the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 to the measurement and control system in real time, and further realize real-time monitoring on the elevation of the scraper 14. In addition, the outer frame 19 of the leveling head 13 is also provided with a sonar system for quality detection of the gravel bed 18, including a construction sonar 16 and a check sonar 17, which are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein. The illustrative embodiment achieves the movability of the up and down positions of the doctor blade 14 and the monitorability of the elevation of the doctor blade 14 by the arrangement of the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 and the length measuring sensor.
In some embodiments, planing vessel 1 performs a bed laying planing operation at high tide, further comprising the steps of:
firstly, enabling a hydraulic oil cylinder 15 to be in an unstretched state, then lowering a riprap pipe 11 to enable the bottom surface of a scraper 14 to reach a flood tide construction height, wherein the flood tide construction height is the sum of the designed elevation of a foundation bed and the preset minimum stroke of the hydraulic oil cylinder 15; it will be appreciated that the purpose of first placing hydraulic ram 15 in an unstretched condition is to initialize the position of doctor blade 14;
starting the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 to extend outwards so that the bottom surface of the scraper 14 reaches the designed elevation position of the foundation bed, and recording the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 by the measurement and control system; it will be appreciated that the extension of hydraulic ram 15 is now equivalent to the preset minimum stroke of hydraulic ram 15;
the walking cart and the walking trolley are moved to drive the scraper 14 to carry out the paving and leveling operation of the foundation bed; during the period, the measurement and control system automatically increases the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 according to the monitored flood height change so as to keep the bottom elevation of the scraper 14 consistent with the designed elevation of the bed at any time.
In the illustrative embodiment, the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 can adjust the extension length along with the change of the tide rising height, so that the elevation of the bottom surface of the scraper 14 is kept consistent with the designed elevation of the foundation bed at any time, and the foundation bed laying leveling precision during tide rising is ensured; meanwhile, the tidal range change in the flood tide can be resisted, the height of the leveling ship 1 or the riprap pipe 11 does not need to be adjusted for many times along with the tidal range change, and the construction efficiency is obviously improved.
In some embodiments, after the extension length of the hydraulic cylinder 15 reaches the preset maximum stroke, the hydraulic cylinder 15 is first retracted to the non-extended state, then the riprap pipe 11 is lowered again and the bottom surface of the scraper 14 reaches the flood tide construction height again, then the hydraulic cylinder 15 is started to extend outwards to make the bottom surface of the scraper 14 reach the designed elevation position of the foundation bed, and then the foundation bed laying leveling operation is continued. The illustrative embodiment ensures continuous operation of leveling the foundation bed during tidal tide, and further improves the construction efficiency.
In some embodiments, planing vessel 1 performs a bed laying planing operation at a tide fall, further comprising the steps of:
firstly, enabling a hydraulic oil cylinder 15 to be in an unstretched state, then lowering a riprap pipe 11 to enable the bottom surface of a scraper 14 to reach a tide falling construction height, wherein the tide falling construction height is the sum of the design elevation of a foundation bed and the preset maximum stroke of the hydraulic oil cylinder 15; it will be appreciated that the purpose of first placing hydraulic ram 15 in an unstretched condition is to initialize the position of doctor blade 14;
starting the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 to extend outwards so that the bottom surface of the scraper 14 reaches the designed elevation position of the foundation bed, and recording the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 by the measurement and control system; it will be appreciated that the extension of hydraulic ram 15 is now equivalent to the preset maximum travel of hydraulic ram 15;
the walking cart and the walking trolley are moved to drive the scraper 14 to carry out the paving and leveling operation of the foundation bed; during the period, the measurement and control system automatically shortens the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 according to the monitored height change of the falling tide, so that the bottom surface elevation of the scraper 14 is kept consistent with the designed elevation of the foundation bed at any time.
In the illustrative embodiment, the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 can adjust the extension length along with the change of the height of the falling tide, so that the elevation of the bottom surface of the scraper 14 is kept consistent with the designed elevation of the foundation bed at any time, and the paving and leveling precision of the foundation bed in the falling tide is ensured; meanwhile, the height of the leveling ship 1 or the riprap pipe 11 can be adjusted for many times without changing the tide difference along with the tide difference, and the construction efficiency is obviously improved.
In some embodiments, after the extension length of the hydraulic cylinder 15 is reduced to the preset minimum stroke, the hydraulic cylinder 15 is first retracted to the non-extended state, then the rock-throwing pipe 11 is lifted and the bottom surface of the scraper 14 reaches the tide-fall construction height again, then the hydraulic cylinder 15 is started to extend outwards to make the bottom surface of the scraper 14 reach the designed elevation position of the foundation bed, and then the foundation bed laying leveling operation is continued. According to the illustrative embodiment, continuous operation of leveling operation of the foundation bed in the tide falling process is ensured, and the construction efficiency is further improved.
In some embodiments, when the leveling operation for paving the foundation bed is performed, the moving speed of the walking cart and the walking trolley is not more than 2m/min, and the position and the walking speed of the walking cart and the walking trolley are displayed in real time by the measurement and control system of the leveling ship 1. This exemplary embodiment is advantageous in ensuring the stability of the body of the leveling vessel 1, and thus ensuring smooth progress of the leveling work of laying the stone foundation 18.
The main flow steps of the immersed tube tunnel full-floating foundation bed leveling method of the invention are briefly described below with reference to fig. 1-4:
1) the leveling ship 1 enters a construction site, and the anchor cable 12 is tightened for positioning; the feeding ship enters a construction site and is positioned outside the leveling ship 1;
2) moving the walking cart and the walking trolley, and moving the riprap pipe 11 to the riprap leveling starting point position; adjusting the ballast water amount of each ballast tank to level the leveling vessel 1;
3) lowering the riprap pipe 11 to the construction height, conveying stones into the riprap pipe 11 by a feeding boat, and driving the riprap pipe 11 to carry out the bedding laying and leveling operation by moving the walking cart and the walking trolley; during this period, the amount of ballast water in each ballast tank is adjusted in real time so that the leveling vessel 1 is constantly kept horizontal; the steps of the process can be further refined according to the rising and falling tide conditions as follows:
carrying out foundation bed laying leveling operation in tide rising, firstly enabling the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 to be in an unstretched state, and lowering the riprap pipe 11 to enable the bottom surface of the scraper 14 to reach the tide rising construction height; starting the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 to extend out, so that the bottom surface of the scraper 14 reaches the designed elevation position of the foundation bed; the movable walking cart and the movable walking trolley drive the scraper 14 to carry out the leveling operation of the bed paving, and during the period, the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 is automatically increased according to the height change of the flood tide, so that the bottom surface elevation of the scraper 14 is kept consistent with the designed elevation of the bed at any time;
carrying out foundation bed laying leveling operation in the tide falling process, firstly enabling the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 to be in an unstretched state, and lowering the riprap pipe 11 to enable the bottom surface of the scraper 14 to reach the tide falling construction height; starting the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 to extend out, so that the bottom surface of the scraper 14 reaches the designed elevation position of the foundation bed; the movable walking cart and the movable walking trolley drive the scraper 14 to carry out the paving and leveling operation of the foundation bed, and during the period, the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder 15 is automatically shortened according to the change of the height of the falling tide, so that the bottom surface elevation of the scraper 14 is kept consistent with the designed elevation of the foundation bed at any time.
By way of illustration of various embodiments of the present invention for a method for leveling a fully floating foundation bed in a immersed tunnel, it can be seen that the present invention provides at least one or more of the following advantages:
1. the full-floating foundation bed leveling method realizes that the leveling ship does not need to insert/pull the pile and carries out the gravel foundation bed laying leveling operation in a full-floating state, solves the problems of large pile inserting risk, poor operation safety, poor hull stability, instability of the inserted pile side slope, side slip of the pile leg and the like of the traditional full-lifting foundation bed leveling method under the complex geological condition, avoids the pressure of the pile leg on the foundation, reduces the operation risk, remarkably improves the construction safety, saves the pile inserting/pulling time, reduces the excavation amount of a foundation trench and the leveling operation time, remarkably improves the construction efficiency, and improves the stability and the leveling precision of the hull;
2. according to the leveling method of the full-floating foundation bed, the fine leveling of the leveling ship in a full-floating state is realized by arranging the eight ballast tanks on the leveling ship in different directions and adjusting the ballast water amount of each ballast tank in real time, the levelness and stability of a hull of the leveling ship in the leveling operation process of the full-floating foundation bed are obviously improved, and the leveling precision of the gravel foundation bed is further ensured;
3. according to the leveling method of the full-floating foundation bed, the hydraulic oil cylinder on the leveling head can adjust the extension length along with the tidal range change, so that the elevation of the bottom surface of the scraper is kept consistent with the designed elevation of the foundation bed at any time, and the paving and leveling precision of the foundation bed is ensured; meanwhile, the height of the leveling ship or the riprap pipe can be adjusted for many times without changing the tidal range of rising and falling tides, so that the construction efficiency is obviously improved;
4. the full-floating foundation bed leveling method can flexibly adjust the plane position of the leveling ship through the anchor cable according to actual construction requirements, solves the construction defects that the ship position deviation is inconvenient to correct and the ship position cannot be flexibly adjusted due to the fact that the ship position of the leveling ship is fixed in the traditional full-lifting foundation bed leveling method, achieves flexible adjustment of the ship position of the leveling ship, improves construction operation efficiency, and achieves the expectation of cost reduction and efficiency improvement.
5. The method for leveling the full-floating foundation bed solves the technical problem of construction of a rock foundation and a shallow covering layer, effectively avoids the risks of instability of a rock foundation pile-inserting ship, instability of a foundation side slope and the like, reduces/avoids damage of a lifting structure, prolongs the service life of a pile leg/lifting mechanism of a leveling ship and the implementation effect of maintenance time, and further saves construction cost.
6. The leveling method of the full-floating foundation bed provided by the invention creates a technology precedent for leveling operation of the full-floating foundation bed, fills up the technical blank of the industry, and plays a technical supporting and guiding role in subsequent construction of similar immersed tube tunnel projects such as inland rivers, open seas and the like, ship building and structural function upgrading.
Finally, it should be noted that: the embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The leveling method of the immersed tunnel full-floating foundation bed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the leveling ship enters a construction site and is positioned in a to-be-constructed area;
the feeding ship enters a construction site and is positioned at a preset distance from the leveling ship;
moving a walking cart and a walking trolley on the leveling ship to move a riprap pipe on the leveling ship to a riprap leveling starting point position; adjusting the ballast water amount of each ballast tank on the leveling ship, and observing the numerical value of a ship body inclinometer on the leveling ship so as to adjust the leveling ship to be in a horizontal state;
the riprap pipe is lowered to the construction height, the material supply ship conveys stones into the riprap pipe, and the walking cart and the walking trolley are moved to drive the riprap pipe to lay and level the foundation bed; during the period, reading the value of the ship inclination meter in real time, and adjusting the ballast water amount of each ballast tank in real time according to the value so as to ensure that the leveling ship keeps level all the time in the process of paving and leveling the foundation bed;
the method for leveling the immersed tunnel full-floating foundation bed does not comprise a pile inserting step, and the leveling ship carries out foundation bed laying and leveling operation in a full-floating state.
2. The method for leveling the immersed tunnel full-floating foundation bed according to claim 1, wherein after the leveling vessel enters a construction site, a GPS positioning system on the leveling vessel is utilized to control the positioning precision of the leveling vessel within +/-100 mm by retracting a plurality of anchor cables on the leveling vessel; the tension of each anchor cable is not less than 18 t.
3. The method for leveling the immersed tube tunnel full-floating foundation bed according to claim 1, wherein eight ballast tanks are arranged on the leveling ship, the eight ballast tanks are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of a bow, the left end and the right end of a stern, the front end and the rear end of a port side and the front end and the rear end of a starboard side, and each ballast tank is provided with a first remote control butterfly valve for controlling water inlet or water discharge of the ballast tank; and adjusting the ballast water amount of each ballast tank in real time through each first remote control butterfly valve, and controlling the inclination value of the hull of the leveling ship within +/-0.08 degrees in the foundation bed laying and leveling process.
4. The immersed tunnel full-floating foundation bed leveling method according to claim 1, wherein a leveling head is mounted at the bottom of the riprap tube, the leveling head further comprises a scraper and a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, fixed ends of the hydraulic cylinders are connected to the bottom of the riprap tube, extended ends of the hydraulic cylinders are connected with the top of the scraper, and the hydraulic cylinders drive the scraper to move up and down; and the hydraulic oil cylinder is provided with a length measuring sensor which is in communication connection with a measurement and control system of the leveling ship so as to transmit the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder to the measurement and control system in real time.
5. The method for leveling the full-floating foundation bed of the immersed tunnel according to claim 4, wherein the foundation bed laying leveling operation is performed at the flood tide, further comprising the steps of:
firstly, enabling the hydraulic oil cylinder to be in an unstretched state, then lowering the riprap pipe to enable the bottom surface of the scraper to reach a flood tide construction height, wherein the flood tide construction height is the sum of the designed elevation of the foundation bed and the preset minimum stroke of the hydraulic oil cylinder;
starting the hydraulic oil cylinder to extend outwards so that the bottom surface of the scraper reaches the designed elevation position of the foundation bed, and recording the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder by the measurement and control system;
moving the walking cart and the walking trolley to drive a scraper to carry out the paving and leveling operation of the foundation bed; during the period, the measuring and controlling system automatically increases the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder according to the monitored flood height change, so that the bottom surface elevation of the scraper is consistent with the designed elevation of the foundation bed at any time.
6. The method for leveling the immersed tunnel full-floating foundation bed according to claim 5, wherein after the extension length of the hydraulic cylinder reaches a preset maximum stroke, the hydraulic cylinder is firstly retracted to a non-extension state, then the riprap pipe is lowered again, the bottom surface of the scraper reaches the flood tide construction height again, then the hydraulic cylinder is started to extend outwards so that the bottom surface of the scraper reaches the designed elevation position of the foundation bed, and then the foundation bed laying and leveling operation is continued.
7. The method for leveling the full-floating foundation bed of the immersed tunnel according to claim 4, wherein the foundation bed laying leveling operation is performed in a tide fall, further comprising the steps of:
firstly, enabling the hydraulic oil cylinder to be in an unstretched state, then lowering the riprap pipe to enable the bottom surface of the scraper to reach a tide falling construction height, wherein the tide falling construction height is the sum of the design elevation of the foundation bed and the preset maximum stroke of the hydraulic oil cylinder;
starting the hydraulic oil cylinder to extend outwards so that the bottom surface of the scraper reaches the designed elevation position of the foundation bed, and recording the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder by the measurement and control system;
moving the walking cart and the walking trolley to drive a scraper to carry out the paving and leveling operation of the foundation bed; during the period, the measurement and control system automatically shortens the extension length of the hydraulic oil cylinder according to the monitored height change of the falling tide so as to keep the bottom surface elevation of the scraper consistent with the designed elevation of the foundation bed at any time.
8. The method for leveling the full-floating foundation bed of the immersed tunnel according to claim 7, wherein after the extension length of the hydraulic cylinder is reduced to a preset minimum stroke, the hydraulic cylinder is firstly retracted to a non-extension state, then the riprap pipe is lifted, the bottom surfaces of the scrapers reach the tide-falling construction height again, then the hydraulic cylinder is started to extend outwards so that the bottom surfaces of the scrapers reach the designed elevation position of the foundation bed, and then the foundation bed laying and leveling operation is continued.
9. The method for leveling the immersed tunnel full-floating foundation bed according to claim 1, wherein when the foundation bed is laid and leveled, the moving speed of the walking cart and the walking trolley is not more than 2m/min, and the position and the moving speed of the walking cart and the walking trolley are displayed in real time by a measurement and control system of the leveling ship.
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