CN114231047B - Degradable material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Degradable material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114231047B CN114231047B CN202111634459.3A CN202111634459A CN114231047B CN 114231047 B CN114231047 B CN 114231047B CN 202111634459 A CN202111634459 A CN 202111634459A CN 114231047 B CN114231047 B CN 114231047B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/06—Biodegradable
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02W90/10—Bio-packaging, e.g. packing containers made from renewable resources or bio-plastics
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a degradable material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the degradable material specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of bran powder, 15-25 parts of modified plant fiber powder, 1-5 parts of natural plasticizer, 0.5-1 part of curing agent, 5-10 parts of modified starch, 1-5 parts of auxiliary agent and 1-10 parts of melamine formaldehyde resin. The invention improves the physical property and the waterproof property of the agricultural byproducts of bran and shell by modifying and compounding the agricultural byproducts, and adding melamine formaldehyde resin, has good product toughness, small brittleness, cheap material, simple and quick production process, can be widely applied to the fields of disposable tableware, kitchenware, flowerpots and the like, is safe and environment-friendly, and has good disintegration and degradation properties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environment-friendly materials, in particular to a degradable material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The plastic product has the characteristics of high strength, high toughness, light weight, low price and the like, and is widely applied to production and life of people. The application of plastic products brings great convenience to people and brings serious negative effects, most of waste plastic products can be degraded under special conditions, the light and biological degradation speed of the waste plastic products in the natural environment is very slow, and although the waste plastic products can be treated by methods such as burying, burning and the like, the methods have great defects, and the 'white garbage' not only affects the ecological balance, but also threatens the health of human beings.
In order to solve the problem, materials of degradable plastics become a focus of attention of researchers, and although research on the degradable materials achieves certain results, the existing degradable materials generally have the defects of insufficient degradation, long degradation time, high brittleness, high raw material cost, poor waterproof performance, complex production process, low productivity and the like, so that the application range of the degradable materials is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the background art, the invention aims to provide a degradable material and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a degradable material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of bran powder, 15-25 parts of modified plant fiber powder, 1-5 parts of natural plasticizer, 0.5-1 part of curing agent, 5-10 parts of modified starch, 1-5 parts of auxiliary agent and 1-10 parts of melamine formaldehyde resin.
Preferably, the bran powder is one or more of rice bran powder and wheat bran powder. The rice bran powder or wheat bran powder belongs to the middle layer of grain shell and fruit, is rich in dietary fiber and crude fiber, contains vegetable oil and a certain amount of starch, polysaccharide and other substances, and has high viscosity.
Preferably, the modified plant fiber powder is prepared by one or more of rice hull fiber powder, bamboo fiber powder and straw fiber powder through alkaline oxidation and decay. The oxidized and decayed fibers can be changed into a structure with a large number of exposed hydroxyl groups and a large surface area of a concave-convex structure, the fibers are softened from the state of hard fibers but can also keep higher toughness, the flowability and the dispersibility of the original hard fibers are greatly improved, and the problem that the final product of the melamine-formaldehyde resin after accelerated curing is too brittle can be solved.
Preferably, the natural plasticizer is one or more of glycerol, behenyl alcohol and epoxidized soybean oil.
Preferably, the modified starch is prepared by one or more of glutinous rice starch, corn starch and cassava starch through acid oxidation, the hydroxyl content after acid oxidation is higher than 4wt%, and the pH value is 4-6. The gain effect is that the starch has high viscosity and plays a main role in adhesion, simultaneously, in the high-temperature mould pressing process, the starch oxidized carboxyl can react with free formaldehyde, so that the content of the free formaldehyde is reduced, and the acidic starch with pH4-6 and the curing agent can play a role in promoting the curing of the melamine An Jiaquan resin of the waterproof material so as to shorten the curing time of the resin and improve the productivity.
Preferably, the auxiliary agent is one or more of maltodextrin, yellow dextrin and white dextrin. Compression molding is physical change, and the cake needs to reach the state that does not fall the powder, and the gain effect of adding the auxiliary agent lies in: the conventional melamine molding high-frequency microwave preheating blocking mode is avoided. High frequency microwave agglomeration is time consuming and labor consuming, and has low automation degree, resulting in low final die pressing yield. The resin content in the formula is very low, so that microwave blocking cannot be realized, the problem can be well solved by cake-shaped forming, and workshop pollution and damage to automatic production equipment caused by flying dust are prevented; meanwhile, the large amount of curing agent in the formula also enables the molding time to be shortened.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the degradable material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, screening the greasy bran pieces through a 20-mesh sieve, keeping the moisture of the screened coarse fiber powder at 12-15%, crushing the coarse fiber powder into 80-120 meshes to obtain coarse bran powder, crushing the undersized greasy seeds and the notched buds into 200-300 meshes to obtain fine bran powder, and then performing ball milling and mixing on the coarse bran powder and the fine bran powder to obtain mixed bran powder; the material on the 20-mesh sieve of the greasy bran pieces has higher fiber content, the crushed mesh number is kept between 80 and 120 meshes, the fiber shape can be kept to a certain degree, the toughening effect is realized on the final product, most of the material under the 20-mesh sieve is greasy wheat germ particles, the wheat germ particles contain rich wheat germ oil, if the material is too coarse, the surface of the final product is prone to oil swelling, the wheat germ particles need to be crushed to 200 to 300 meshes, wheat oil is fully released, the wheat germ particles can be used as a natural plasticizer, and meanwhile, the hydrophobic property of the product is favorably improved.
S2, carrying out alkaline oxidation and corrosion on the plant fiber, adding 1-5 parts of natural plasticizer, stirring for 10-30 min, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to remove agglomerated particles to obtain modified plant fiber powder;
s3, adding 40-60 parts of the mixed bran powder prepared in the step S1, 15-25 parts of the modified plant fiber powder prepared in the step S2 and 5-10 parts of modified starch into a heat supply ball mill, and mixing for 20-30 min at 70-80 ℃ to prepare mixed powder; during ball milling mixing at 70-80 ℃, the moisture of the gluten powder with higher level and the moisture content of 12-15% can be transferred into the soft fiber powder and the starch with lower moisture in a balanced way, the gluten powder is continuously and slightly swelled and gelatinized in the impact of iron balls, the later-stage forming and quick gelatinization are facilitated, and the moisture content transfer of the gluten can effectively avoid local agglomeration of starch polysaccharide or later-stage swelling and foaming caused by local overhigh moisture.
S4, ball-milling and mixing the mixed powder prepared in the step S3 with 1-10 parts of melamine formaldehyde resin, 1-5 parts of auxiliary agent and 0.1-0.5 part of curing agent for 1.5-2 hours;
s5, preparing the powder prepared in the step S4 into a finished product and then boxing the finished product.
Further, in the step S2, the step of performing alkaline oxidation and decay on the plant fiber specifically includes the following steps: adding 100 parts of plant fiber, 0.1-0.5 part of calcium oxide and 5-10 parts of hydrogen peroxide with the content of 10wt% into a high-speed stirrer, firstly mixing for 1-3 min at the rotating speed of 2000-3000 r/min, then reducing the rotating speed to 30-50 r/min and opening the exhaust port of the stirrer to stir for 1-1.5 h.
Further, in the step S5, the step of preparing the powder into a finished product specifically includes the following steps:
q1. making the powder into raw material blocks with limited weight by an automatic block making machine after passing through an automatic weighing machine;
and Q2, placing the raw material blocks in a mold, and forming by adopting a mold pressing process, wherein the mold pressing parameters are as follows: the temperature of the upper die is 155-180 ℃, the temperature of the lower die is 165-190 ℃, the pressure of a machine table is 10-15 Mpa, and the pressure maintaining time is 8-10 s; the conventional mould pressing process has long mould pressing time, no matter whether the final forming time of a thin or thick product is based on resin curing time, the forming pressure maintaining time is 60-120 s according to the production condition, the automation degree of the production efficiency is low, the curing agent in the process formula is a cooperative catalytic curing mode consisting of a conventional amino resin curing agent and acidic oxidized starch, the mould pressing and curing time of the product is greatly shortened, meanwhile, most disposable products are mainly light and thin, the gluten fiber grease of the main body structure of the product has higher heat conduction efficiency, and the forming pressure maintaining time can be compressed to 8-10 s, so that the automatic production efficiency of the disposable products can be completely met.
Q3. transports the die-pressed finished products to a hot channel, the temperature is controlled at 130-150 ℃, and the passing time of each finished product is ensured to be more than 40s; the gain effect of this step lies in: and continuously curing the incompletely cured melamine formaldehyde resin, continuously drying and aging the continuously moisture-volatilized gelatinized starch in the product, and inwards gathering the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to achieve the natural waterproof effect so as to enhance the waterproof capability of the product.
And Q4, edging the finished product, and boxing after edging.
The invention also discloses the application of the disposable degradable material or the disposable degradable material prepared by the method, and the disposable degradable material is used for preparing environment-friendly degradable disposable articles.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the degradable material is provided, the physical properties and the waterproof properties of the degradable material are improved by modifying and compounding bran and shell agricultural by-products and adding the melamine formaldehyde resin, the material of the product is cheap, the degradable material can be widely applied to the fields of disposable tableware, kitchenware, flowerpots and the like, and the product is safe and environment-friendly and has good disintegration and degradation properties; the product prepared by the degradable material of the invention not only has better physical and chemical properties than the safe use standard of disposable tableware, but also has the degradation properties passing the standards of relevant laws and regulations of the degradable material.
2. The preparation method of the degradable material is simple and rapid, and has high production efficiency and high productivity;
3. the degradable material prepared by the invention has wide application range, is suitable for large-scale popularization and use, is easy to degrade, has no pollution to the environment after degradation, has no secondary pollution, is safe and environment-friendly, and can effectively protect the environment; the selected materials are green and safe, are harmless to the body, and can not cause the accumulation of harmful toxins even after long-term use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of a product obtained in the second example.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and detailed description.
Example one
A degradable material comprises 40 parts of rice bran powder, 15 parts of modified rice hull fiber powder, 1 part of glycerol, 0.5 part of curing agent, wherein the curing agent can be benzoic acid and the like, 5 parts of modified glutinous rice starch, 1 part of maltodextrin and 1 part of melamine formaldehyde resin.
The preparation method of this example includes the following steps:
step 1: sieving the rice bran slices with a 20-mesh sieve, keeping the moisture of the coarse fiber powder on the sieve at 12-15%, crushing the coarse fiber powder into 80-120 meshes to obtain coarse bran powder, crushing the undersize greasy seeds and the notched buds into 200-300 meshes to obtain fine bran powder, and then ball-milling and mixing the coarse bran powder and the fine bran powder to obtain the mixed bran powder.
Step 2: adding 100 parts of rice hull fiber, 0.1-0.5 part of calcium oxide and 5-10 parts of hydrogen peroxide with the content of 10wt% into a high-speed stirrer, firstly mixing for 1-3 min at the rotating speed of 2000-3000 r/min, then reducing the rotating speed to 30-50 r/min, opening the exhaust port of the stirrer, stirring for 1-1.5 h, adding 1 part of glycerol, stirring for 10-30 min, and then sieving through a 60-mesh sieve to remove agglomerated particles, thus obtaining the modified rice hull fiber powder.
And step 3: and (3) adding 40 parts of the mixed bran powder prepared in the step (1), 15 parts of the modified rice hull fiber powder prepared in the step (2) and 5 parts of modified glutinous rice starch into a heat supply ball mill, and mixing for 20-30 min at the temperature of 70-80 ℃ to prepare mixed powder. Wherein the modified glutinous rice starch is prepared by carrying out acid oxidation on glutinous rice starch, the hydroxyl content after acid oxidation is higher than 4wt%, and the pH value is 4-6.
And 4, ball-milling and mixing the mixed powder prepared in the step 3 with 1 part of melamine formaldehyde resin, 1 part of maltodextrin and 0.5 part of curing agent for 2 hours.
And 5: and (4) making the powder prepared in the step (4) into raw material blocks with limited weight by an automatic block making machine after passing through an automatic weighing machine, conveying the raw material blocks to a forming manipulator bin by a conveying belt, and conveying the raw material blocks to the forming manipulator bin by the bin.
And 6: placing the raw material blocks in a mould by a manipulator, and forming by adopting a mould pressing process, wherein the mould pressing parameters are as follows: the temperature of the upper die is 155-180 ℃, the temperature of the lower die is 165-190 ℃, the pressure of the machine is 10-15 Mpa, the pressure maintaining time is 8-10 s, and after demolding, the product is taken out by the mechanical arm and placed in a conveyor belt.
And 7: the conveyor belt conveys the die-pressed finished products to a hot channel, the temperature is controlled at 130-150 ℃, and the passing time of each finished product is ensured to be more than 40s.
And 8: and (5) edging the finished product, and boxing the finished product after edging.
Example two
A degradable material comprises 50 parts of wheat bran powder, 20 parts of modified bamboo fiber powder, 3 parts of liriol, 1 part of a curing agent, 8 parts of modified corn starch, 3 parts of yellow dextrin and 5 parts of melamine formaldehyde resin, wherein the curing agent can be benzoic acid and the like.
The preparation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1: sieving the wheat bran pieces with a 20-mesh sieve, keeping the moisture content of coarse fiber powder on the sieve at 12-15%, crushing the coarse fiber powder to 80-120 meshes to obtain coarse bran powder, crushing the undersize greasy seeds and the notch buds to 200-300 meshes to obtain fine bran powder, and then ball-milling and mixing the coarse bran powder and the fine bran powder to obtain the mixed bran powder.
Step 2: adding 100 parts of bamboo fiber, 0.1-0.5 part of calcium oxide and 5-10 parts of hydrogen peroxide with the content of 10wt% into a high-speed stirrer, firstly mixing for 1-3 min at the rotating speed of 2000-3000 r/min, then reducing the rotating speed to 30-50 r/min, opening the exhaust port of the stirrer, stirring for 1-1.5 h, adding 1 part of shanliqin, stirring for 10-30 min, and then sieving through a 60-mesh sieve to remove agglomerated particles, thus obtaining the modified bamboo fiber powder.
And step 3: and (3) adding 50 parts of the mixed bran powder prepared in the step (1), 20 parts of the modified bamboo fiber powder prepared in the step (2) and 8 parts of modified corn starch into a heat supply ball mill, and mixing for 20-30 min at the temperature of 70-80 ℃ to prepare mixed powder. Wherein the modified corn starch is prepared by performing acid oxidation on corn starch, the hydroxyl content after acid oxidation is higher than 4wt%, and the pH value is 4-6.
And 4, ball-milling and mixing the mixed powder prepared in the step 3 with 5 parts of melamine formaldehyde resin, 3 parts of yellow dextrin and 1 part of curing agent for 2 hours.
And 5: and (5) making the powder prepared in the step (4) into a raw material block with limited weight by an automatic block making machine after passing through an automatic weighing machine, conveying the raw material block to a forming manipulator bin by a conveying belt, and conveying the raw material block to the forming manipulator by the bin.
And 6: placing the raw material blocks in a mould by a manipulator, and forming by adopting a mould pressing process, wherein the mould pressing parameters are as follows: the temperature of the upper die is 155-180 ℃, the temperature of the lower die is 165-190 ℃, the pressure of the machine table is 10-15 Mpa, the pressure maintaining time is 8-10 s, and after demoulding, the mechanical arm takes out the product and places the product in a conveyor belt.
And 7: the conveyor belt conveys the die-pressed finished products to a hot channel, the temperature is controlled at 130-150 ℃, and the passing time of each finished product is ensured to be more than 40s.
And 8: and (5) edging the finished product, and boxing after edging.
EXAMPLE III
A degradable material comprises 60 parts of wheat bran powder, 25 parts of modified straw fiber powder, 5 parts of epoxidized soybean oil and 1 part of curing agent, wherein the curing agent can be benzoic acid and the like, 10 parts of modified cassava powder, 5 parts of white dextrin and 10 parts of melamine formaldehyde resin.
The preparation method of this example includes the following steps:
step 1: sieving the wheat bran pieces with a 20-mesh sieve, keeping the moisture content of coarse fiber powder on the sieve at 12-15%, crushing the coarse fiber powder to 80-120 meshes to obtain coarse bran powder, crushing the undersize greasy seeds and the notch buds to 200-300 meshes to obtain fine bran powder, and then ball-milling and mixing the coarse bran powder and the fine bran powder to obtain the mixed bran powder.
Step 2: adding 100 parts of straw fiber, 0.1-0.5 part of calcium oxide and 5-10 parts of hydrogen peroxide with the content of 10wt% into a high-speed stirrer, firstly mixing for 1-3 min at the rotating speed of 2000-3000 r/min, then reducing the rotating speed to 30-50 r/min, opening the exhaust port of the stirrer, stirring for 1-1.5 h, adding 1 part of epoxidized soybean oil, stirring for 10-30 min, and then sieving through a 60-mesh sieve to remove agglomerated particles, thus obtaining the modified straw fiber powder.
And step 3: and (3) adding 60 parts of the mixed bran powder prepared in the step (1), 25 parts of the modified straw fiber powder prepared in the step (2) and 10 parts of modified tapioca starch into a heat supply ball mill, and mixing for 20-30 min at 70-80 ℃ to prepare mixed powder. Wherein the modified cassava starch is prepared by carrying out acid oxidation on cassava starch, the hydroxyl content after acid oxidation is higher than 4wt%, and the pH value is 4-6.
And 4, ball-milling and mixing the mixed powder prepared in the step 3 with 10 parts of melamine formaldehyde resin, 5 parts of white dextrin and 1 part of curing agent for 2 hours.
And 5: and (4) making the powder prepared in the step (4) into raw material blocks with limited weight by an automatic block making machine after passing through an automatic weighing machine, conveying the raw material blocks to a forming manipulator bin by a conveying belt, and conveying the raw material blocks to the forming manipulator bin by the bin.
Step 6: the raw material blocks are placed in a mould by a manipulator and are formed by adopting a mould pressing process, wherein the mould pressing parameters are as follows: the temperature of the upper die is 155-180 ℃, the temperature of the lower die is 165-190 ℃, the pressure of the machine is 10-15 Mpa, the pressure maintaining time is 8-10 s, and after demolding, the product is taken out by the mechanical arm and placed in a conveyor belt.
And 7: the conveyor belt conveys the die-pressed finished products to a hot channel, the temperature is controlled at 130-150 ℃, and the passing time of each finished product is ensured to be more than 40s.
And 8: and (5) edging the finished product, and boxing the finished product after edging.
The physical and chemical index tests of the finished products prepared in examples 1-3 showed the following results, and table 1 shows the migration test results:
table 1: migration test results
From the experimental data of table 1, it can be concluded that: the single total migration volume of each simulation solution meets the requirements of national standard regulations of food contact materials, and can meet the requirements of daily disposable articles.
Table 2 shows the results of the decolorization experiment:
table 2: results of decolorization experiment
From the experimental data of table 2, it can be concluded that: the product has no color fading problem.
Remarking:
1. detecting items and detecting test conditions (including a simulant, a soaking temperature and a soaking time);
2. because the disposable product migration experiment and the decoloration experiment both take the solution soaked for the first time for testing and report the results;
3. (S/V) = surface area of sample that the soak sends out/volume of soak.
Table 3 shows the results of the food microbiological test:
table 3: food microbiological test results
From the experimental data of table 3, it can be concluded that: the product meets the food microorganism sanitation inspection standard and can meet the use safety problem of disposable tableware.
Table 4 shows the results of the pesticide residue test:
table 4: results of pesticide residue examination
From the experimental data of table 4, it can be concluded that: most of the materials selected for the product are gluten substances between the shell and grains, and the rest fiber materials are also subjected to alkali treatment, so that the pesticide residue safety can also reach a high level.
Table 5 shows the heavy metal test results:
EN15408:2021；EN ISO 17294-2:2016
| heavy metals | Examples | Unit of | Reporting limit | The result of the detection |
| Zn | Examples 1, 2 and 3 | mg/kg | 5 | ＜RL |
| Cu | Examples 1, 2 and 3 | mg/kg | 5 | ＜RL |
| Ni | Examples 1, 2 and 3 | mg/kg | 5 | ＜RL |
| Cd | Examples 1, 2 and 3 | mg/kg | 0.25 | ＜RL |
| Pb | Examples 1, 2 and 3 | mg/kg | 5 | ＜RL |
| Hg | Examples 1, 2 and 3 | mg/kg | 0.2 | ＜RL |
| Cr | Examples 1, 2 and 3 | mg/kg | 5 | ＜RL |
| Mo | Examples 1, 2 and 3 | mg/kg | 0.25 | ＜RL |
| Se | Examples 1, 2 and 3 | mg/kg | 0.25 | ＜RL |
| As | Examples 1, 2 and 3 | mg/kg | 0.25 | ＜RL |
| F | Examples 1, 2 and 3 | mg/kg | 50 | ＜RL |
| Co | Examples 1, 2 and 3 | mg/kg | 3 | ＜RL |
Table 5: heavy metal test results
From the experimental data of table 5, it can be concluded that: the product has no heavy metal standard exceeding problem.
Table 6 shows the results of volatile solids and total dry solids tests:
table 6: volatile solid content and Total Dry solid content test results
From the experimental data of table 6, it can be concluded that: the ash content of the product is not high; FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of the product obtained in example 2, from which it can be seen that 813 peaks (melamine formaldehyde resin) are indeed present in the sample under examination, but finally disintegration and degradation levels can be reached.
Table 7 shows the thickness test results of the products prepared in example two:
EN71-1-8.25.1
| numbering | Unit of | As a result, the |
| 1 | mm | 1.49 |
| 2 | mm | 1.49 |
| 3 | mm | 1.51 |
| 4 | mm | 1.48 |
| 5 | mm | 1.51 |
| 6 | mm | 1.51 |
| 7 | mm | 1.52 |
| 8 | mm | 1.53 |
| 9 | mm | 1.49 |
| 10 | mm | 1.51 |
| Tie value | mm | 15.04 |
Table 7: thickness detection result
From the experimental data of table 7, it can be concluded that: the thickness of the product of 1.5mm can reach high level disintegration level, which is much higher than the disintegration rate of common degradable plastics (PBAT PLA PBS and the like for 90 days).
Table 8 is the test results for the blank compost control sample, blank control composition: 6.7 kg soil, 1.7 kg onion, 1.7 kg carrot, 1.7 kg pepper, 4.2 kg rice and 4.2 kg soybean mixture (the mass of rice and soybean is the wet mass when soaked in water for 12 hours)
| Water content% | 64 |
| Total dry mass of volatile solids | 54 |
| CN | 2.2 |
| Ph | 7.1 |
Table 8: test results of blank compost comparative sample
Table 9 shows the 90-day reactor compost disintegration results:
examples 1, 2 and 3
| Parameter(s) | Unit of | Results |
| Total dry mass of sample for testing | g | 205 |
| Total dry mass of particles > 2mm after 90 days composting of test samples | g | 0 |
| Degree of disintegration | ％ | 100 |
Table 9:90 days reactor composting results
From the experimental data of table 9, it can be concluded that: after 90 days of reaction kettle composting, the granules are disintegrated to be granules with the particle size of less than 2mm, and the disintegration degree is 100 percent.
Table 10 shows the results of the parameter measurements in the soil after composting:
| parameter(s) | Unit of | Blank sample | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Total dry solids | ％ | 57.2 | 60.4 | 56.6 | 58.8 |
| Volatile solid | ％ | 58.5 | 61.7 | 56.4 | 60.1 |
| PH | - | 6.5 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.6 |
| Phosphorus content | mg/kg | 5665.5 | 3999 | 3789 | 4232 |
| Nitrite (nitrogen) | mg/kg | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.32 | 0.3 |
| Conductivity of electricity | mS/m | 199 | 377 | 396 | 359 |
| Total nitrogen | g/kg | 21.4 | 25.2 | 26.1 | 23.3 |
| Nitrate (nitrogen) | mg/kg | 24.4 | 47.1 | 46.7 | 45.7 |
| Ammoniacal nitrogen (nitrogen) | mg/kg | 1286 | 1911 | 1944 | 1898 |
| Potassium salt | mg/kg | 30051 | 26600 | 27135 | 28325 |
| Magnesium alloy | mg/kg | 5190 | 3378 | 3648 | 3984 |
| Bulk density | Kg/L | 0.71 | 0.69 | 0.71 | 0.7 |
| Total organic carbon | ％ | 20.6 | 24.3 | 24.5 | 22.4 |
Table 10: detection result of parameters in soil after sample composting
From the experimental data of table 10, it can be concluded that: the soil level after composting is close to that of a blank reference sample, and more nitrogen can be provided; by combining the experimental data, the physical and chemical properties of the product are superior to the safe use standard of disposable tableware, and the degradation performance can also pass the standards of relevant laws and regulations of degradable materials.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the degradable material is characterized in that the degradable material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of bran powder, 15-25 parts of modified plant fiber powder, 1-5 parts of natural plasticizer, 0.5-1 part of curing agent, 5-10 parts of modified starch, 1-5 parts of auxiliary agent and 1-10 parts of melamine formaldehyde resin; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, screening the greasy bran pieces through a 20-mesh sieve, keeping the moisture of coarse fiber powder on the sieve at 12-15%, crushing to 80-120 meshes to obtain coarse bran powder, crushing the greasy seeds and the notch buds under the sieve to 200-300 meshes to obtain fine bran powder, and performing ball milling and mixing on the coarse bran powder and the fine bran powder to obtain mixed bran powder;
s2, carrying out alkaline oxidation and corrosion on the plant fiber, adding 1-5 parts of natural plasticizer, stirring for 10-30 min, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to remove agglomerated particles to obtain modified plant fiber powder;
s3, adding 40-60 parts of the mixed bran powder prepared in the step S1, 15-25 parts of the modified plant fiber powder prepared in the step S2 and 5-10 parts of modified starch into a heat supply ball mill, and mixing for 20-30 min at 70-80 ℃ to prepare mixed powder;
s4, ball-milling and mixing the mixed powder prepared in the step S3 with 1-10 parts of melamine formaldehyde resin, 1-5 parts of auxiliary agent and 0.5-1 part of curing agent for 1.5-2 h;
s5, preparing the powder prepared in the step S4 into a finished product and boxing the finished product;
the modified plant fiber powder is prepared by one or more of rice hull fiber powder, bamboo fiber powder and straw fiber powder through alkaline oxidation and decomposition;
the natural plasticizer is one or more of glycerol, sorbitol and epoxidized soybean oil;
the modified starch is prepared by one or more of glutinous rice starch, corn starch and cassava starch through acidic oxidation, the hydroxyl content after the acidic oxidation is higher than 4wt%, and the pH value is 4-6;
the auxiliary agent is one or more of maltodextrin, yellow dextrin and white dextrin.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the degradable material is prepared by the following steps: the bran powder is one or more of rice bran powder and wheat bran powder.
3. The method for preparing the degradable material according to claim 1, wherein the step S2, the step of performing alkaline oxidation and decomposition on the plant fiber specifically comprises the following steps: adding 100 parts of plant fiber, 0.1-0.5 part of calcium oxide and 5-10 parts of hydrogen peroxide with the content of 10wt% into a high-speed stirrer, firstly mixing for 1-3 min at the rotating speed of 2000-3000 r/min, then reducing the rotating speed to 30-50 r/min and opening the exhaust port of the stirrer to stir for 1-1.5 h.
4. The method for preparing the degradable material according to claim 1, wherein the step S5, the step of preparing the powder into the finished product specifically comprises the following steps:
q1. making the powder into raw material blocks with limited weight by an automatic block making machine after passing through an automatic weighing machine;
and Q2, placing the raw material blocks in a mold, and forming by adopting a mold pressing process, wherein the mold pressing parameters are as follows: the temperature of the upper die is 155-180 ℃, the temperature of the lower die is 165-190 ℃, the pressure of a machine table is 10-15 Mpa, and the pressure maintaining time is 8-10 s;
q3. transports the die-pressed finished products to a hot channel, the temperature is controlled at 130-150 ℃, and the passing time of each finished product is ensured to be more than 40s;
and Q4, edging the finished product, and boxing after edging.
5. Use of a degradable material made by the method according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: is used for preparing environment-friendly degradable disposable products.
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