CN114228513A - 一种纯电动车低压电池平台快充方法 - Google Patents

一种纯电动车低压电池平台快充方法 Download PDF

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CN114228513A
CN114228513A CN202111433974.5A CN202111433974A CN114228513A CN 114228513 A CN114228513 A CN 114228513A CN 202111433974 A CN202111433974 A CN 202111433974A CN 114228513 A CN114228513 A CN 114228513A
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耿大伟
孟甲凡
李广府
贾佳鹏
陈素梅
胡志东
申龙飞
魏传盟
李妍江
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Zhengzhou Nissan Automobile Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14Conductive energy transfer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

本发明涉及一种纯电动车低压电池平台快充方法,包括交流输入EMI滤波电路,无桥PFC功率因数校正电路,直流充电接口电路,前级滤波电路,DC/DC变换电路,后级整流滤波电路,主控芯片控制及通信电路,进行交流充电或直流充电。通过升级微型电动车上车载充电机的功能,增大其输出功率,解决微型电动车使用直流充电桩进行快速补电的问题。直流充电线路接口,接收直流充电桩输出的固定电压值的直流电,内部转化成低压电给低电压动力电池组充电。

Description

一种纯电动车低压电池平台快充方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电池充电,具体涉及一种纯电动车低压电池平台快充方法。
背景技术
现有市场上销售的微型电动汽车(A00级或更小级别)由于车身体积小的原因,不能装载大容量的动力电池组,同时电池组的总电压也偏低,大部分都在100V左右。而市场上的商业充电站大部分配置的都是直流充电桩,且输出电压最低只到200V,不能给低压动力电池充电。
现今市场上微型电动汽车销量不断创造新高,且销量不断攀升的趋势明显,市场对其类型的车型需求巨大。由于此类型的车装载的动力电池容量小,电压低,不支持直流快充,只能使用交流慢充进行补电,充电时间长,限制了其行驶距离不是很远,车辆使用具有很大的局限性。随着此种车型的拥有量越来越大,其不能支持快充,补电时间长的矛盾日益突出,亟待解决。
现有的商业充电站为了追求短期高收益,交流慢充充电时间长,充电车辆流动率低,会极大的影响其单位时间内的收益增长,故商业充电站大部分配备的都是直流充电桩。虽然直流充电桩已经尽可能的扩大了输出电压范围,尽可能的匹配不同电压平台的电动汽车,但其输出电压最低值相比微型电动车动力电池电压还是比较高的,不能直接给配置低电压平台的微型电动车进行补电。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题, 本发明提出一种纯电动车低压电池平台快充方法。
一种纯电动车低压电池平台快充方法,包括交流输入EMI滤波电路,无桥PFC功率因数校正电路,直流充电接口电路,前级滤波电路,DC/DC 变换电路,后级整流滤波电路,主控芯片控制及通信电路,进行交流充电或直流充电。
优选的,交流充电时,交流220V电力首先进入充电机的EMI滤波电路,去除掉其自身携带的干扰信号后输出给无桥PFC功率因数校正电路,输出脉冲直流电给滤波电路,输出电压380V平滑稳定的直流电,进入DC/DC变换电路的输入端,输出低压脉冲交流电,输入到后级整流滤波电路,最后输出稳定的低压直流电。
优选的,无桥PFC功率因数校正电路把220V交流电先变换成馒头波形的直流电,随后对其电压进行相位调整及整形。
优选的,DC/DC变换电路对380V的直流电进行转换和隔离后输出低压脉冲交流电。
优选的,直流充电时,输出的380V直流电跳过EMI滤波电路和无桥PFC功率因数校正电路直接输入到充电机滤波电路进行滤波处理。
有本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明直流充电接口电路直接连接到新设计的车载充电机的无桥PFC功率因数校正电路之后,且工作时充电机请求直流充电桩输出380V的直流充电电压。
2,新设计的车载充电机作为直流快充的主控部件,负责与直流快充桩进行通信,根据电池组的状态,调整充电参数。针对现有技术方案直流充电桩不能给微型电动车进行快充补电的问题,通过升级微型电动车上车载充电机的功能,增大其输出功率,解决微型电动车使用直流充电桩进行快速补电的问题。直流充电线路接口,接收直流充电桩输出的固定电压值的直流电,内部转化成低压电给低电压电池组充电。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实例,详细说明本发明专利的方案。
如图1,本发明技术对微型电动车的车载充电机进行了功能增加和输出功率的加大。
本发明包括220V交流输入EMI滤波电路,无桥PFC功率因数校正电路,直流充电接口电路,前级滤波电路,DC/DC 变换电路,后级整流滤波电路,主控芯片控制及通信电路。
交流充电时,用户把交流充电枪插入车身的国标交流充电座后,交流220V电力首先进入充电机的EMI滤波电路,去除掉其自身携带的干扰信号后输出给无桥PFC功率因数校正电路。无桥PFC功率因数校正电路把220V交流电先变换成馒头波形的直流电,随后对其电压进行相位调整及整形,输出脉冲直流电给滤波电路。脉冲直流电经过滤波电路输出电压380V平滑稳定的直流电,进入DC/DC变换电路的输入端。DC/DC变换电路对380V的直流电进行转换和隔离后输出低压脉冲交流电,输入到后级整流滤波电路,最后输出稳定的低压直流电给低压动力电池充电。
直流充电时,用户把直流充电枪插入车身的国标直流充电座后,充电桩输出的380V直流电跳过EMI滤波电路和无桥PFC功率因数校正电路直接输入到充电机滤波电路进行滤波处理,其后的处理与交流充电流程一致。
交流充电时,用户把交流充电枪插入车身的国标交流充电座后,充电机主控芯片接收到交流充电桩发送的搭载充电桩最大输出电流的符合国标的PWM信号,解码出充电桩最大输出电流信息。充电机相关电路检测出交流充电枪头内部的符合国标的代表电缆最大电流的电阻值,主控芯片根据电阻值推算出充电电缆的电流值,与交流充电桩最大输出电流比较,取最小值作为充电机工作时的输入最大电流值。充电机主控芯片拉低充电桩输出的PWM信号电压,以示充电桩可以输出220V交流电,随后充电桩的接触器闭合,220V交流电输出给充电机。
充电机唤醒电池组,通过通信线向电池组及整车控制系统上报充电系统相关信息,包括充电电压,电流,运行状态等,等待电池组或整车控制系统的使能开始工作。
充电机主控芯片控制PFC电路中的开关管进行快速的开通和关闭,对输入的交流电进行整流和相位调整,同时监测开关管的电流变化。
DC/DC变换电路中的开关管后端连通高频隔离电感的初级,充电机主控芯片控制开关管进行快速的开通和关闭, 隔离电感初级断续接通380V的直流电,内部不断储存电流及能量通过磁耦合传递到次级电感进行能量释放。主控芯片在控制开关管工作的同时也监控开关管的电流和温度,一旦出现异常,随即关闭开关管的输出以达到保护开关管不被损坏。
DCDC变换电路中高频隔离电感中初级电感向次级电感耦合传送的能量经过次级电感的输出送入后级整流滤波电路进行处理。为了提高工作转换效率,后级整流电路不再使用传统的二级管整流,而是使用比二级管工作效率更高的开关管进行整流。充电机主控芯片根据DCDC变换器前级功率开关管的工作状态,实时控制整流开关管的导通和关闭,次级电感输出的高频交流电被整流输出为脉冲直流电,随后进行滤波输出平滑直流电给电池充电。同时充电机主控芯片实时采集输出电压和电流,根据从整车网络接收到的电池充电控制命令,调节DCDC变换电路中开关管的工作状态,以实时调整充电机的输出功率。
直流充电时,用户把直流充电枪插入车身的国标直流充电座后,充电机主控芯片接收到直流充电桩发送的充电桩最大输出电流和电压范围,充电机唤醒电池组,通过通信线向电池组及整车控制系统上报充电系统相关信息,包括充电电压,电流,运行状态等,等待电池组或整车控制系统的使能开始工作。充电机主控芯片根据电池组发送的最大可充电电压和电流,换算出直流充电桩输出380V时的目标输出电流,随后向充电桩发出充电请求电压380V和之前算出的电流值,充电桩开始输出380V电压和之前算出的电流。
由于380V直流电不需要滤波电路和PFC电路,直接进入DCDC变换电路,充电机主控芯片控制PFC电路开关管停止工作,同时启动DCDC变换电路和后级整流滤波电路的开关管开始工作。此部分的控制电路工作流程与交流充电时相同电路的保持一致。

Claims (5)

1.一种纯电动车低压电池平台快充方法,其特征在于,包括交流输入EMI滤波电路,无桥PFC功率因数校正电路,直流充电接口电路,前级滤波电路,DC/DC 变换电路,后级整流滤波电路,主控芯片控制及通信电路,进行交流充电或直流充电。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种纯电动车低压电池平台快充方法,其特征在于,交流充电时,交流220V电力首先进入充电机的EMI滤波电路,去除掉其自身携带的干扰信号后输出给无桥PFC功率因数校正电路,输出脉冲直流电给滤波电路,输出电压380V平滑稳定的直流电,进入DC/DC变换电路的输入端,输出低压脉冲交流电,输入到后级整流滤波电路,最后输出稳定的低压直流电。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种纯电动车低压电池平台快充方法,其特征在于,无桥PFC功率因数校正电路把220V交流电先变换成馒头波形的直流电,随后对其电压进行相位调整及整形。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种纯电动车低压电池平台快充方法,其特征在于,DC/DC变换电路对380V的直流电进行转换和隔离后输出低压脉冲交流电。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种纯电动车低压电池平台快充方法,其特征在于,直流充电时,输出的380V直流电跳过EMI滤波电路和无桥PFC功率因数校正电路直接输入到充电机滤波电路进行滤波处理。
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