CN114226203A - Coating method for silk effect of automobile body - Google Patents
Coating method for silk effect of automobile body Download PDFInfo
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- CN114226203A CN114226203A CN202111352482.3A CN202111352482A CN114226203A CN 114226203 A CN114226203 A CN 114226203A CN 202111352482 A CN202111352482 A CN 202111352482A CN 114226203 A CN114226203 A CN 114226203A
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
- B05D1/04—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/36—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment
- B05D1/38—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment with intermediate treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/002—Pretreatement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
- B05D5/061—Special surface effect
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/56—Three layers or more
- B05D7/58—No clear coat specified
- B05D7/584—No clear coat specified at least some layers being let to dry, at least partially, before applying the next layer
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of automobile manufacturing and processing, and relates to a coating method for an automobile body with a silk effect; the method comprises the following steps: middle coating and spraying; drying the middle coating; forced cooling; spraying colored paint; pre-drying; spraying silk effect paint: in the spraying process, the temperature of a spray booth is kept at 21-25 ℃, the relative humidity of the spray booth is kept at 60-70%, the air speed of the spray booth is 0.2-0.3m/s, the paint temperature is kept at 21-25 ℃, the discharge rate is 150-; leveling; drying finish paint; the invention is suitable for coating personalized and customized flagship type luxury automobile bodies, and has the advantages of soft and convergent appearance, elegance and silence, soft holding, touch and strong attractive force and velvet-like appearance visual effect due to low light reflection rate of the finished automobile paint surface, high tolerance to defects such as dust, particles, scratches and the like, excellent outdoor light and color retention performance of the color paint surface, high acid resistance, high alkali resistance and excellent wear resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automobile manufacturing and processing, in particular to a method for coating the silk effect of an automobile body, which is mainly used for coating, processing and manufacturing the silk effect of the automobile body.
Background
With the development of the automobile coating technology, the color effect of the automobile body coating appearance has undergone the development process from the natural color paint to the metal paint and then to the pearlescent paint, and the appearance of the traditional automobile also has the high brightness effect with metal flashing texture, bright and dark flicker and color change from the single natural color 'positive color' effect. The traditional high-brightness appearance effect coating method mainly comprises the following steps: pretreatment, electrophoresis drying, forced cooling, middle coating spraying, middle coating drying, forced cooling, colored paint spraying, pre-drying, varnish spraying, leveling and finish paint drying. The coating method has the defects that the brightness of the finished automobile paint surface is very high, the surface reflection degree is high, the outdoor paint surface is easy to lose light, oxidize and change color, the defect coverage of paint films such as dust, particles and scratches is low, the wear resistance is not good enough, and the creative pursuit of the user on the individuation and customization of automobile coating cannot be met. The painting method aims to develop a painting method which has the advantages of low finished vehicle paint effect reflection rate, unobvious light, high dust, particle, scratch and other defects, soft and convergent visual effect, and gives people an elegant, quiet, soft-holding, attractive and velvet-like sensory effect, and the painting method of the paint effect is named as a silk effect painting method. The silk effect coating method mainly comprises the following steps: pretreatment, electrophoresis drying, forced cooling, middle coating spraying, middle coating drying, forced cooling, colored paint spraying, pre-drying, silk effect paint spraying, leveling and finish paint drying. By applying a brand-new silk effect coating method, the visual effect of the appearance of the automobile finish is widened, and the wear resistance and the scratch resistance of the automobile finish are greatly improved on the premise of ensuring the mechanical properties such as the adhesion force, the stone impact resistance and the like of the finish, the gasoline resistance, the chemical resistance such as the like, the moisture resistance, the high and low temperature resistance and the like. The coating method has the advantages of high speed and high efficiency, is suitable for large-scale assembly line coating production, improves the color and brightness range effect of the appearance of the automobile, and meets the urgent requirements of consumers on individuation and customization of automobile coating.
Patent document 1(CN 109013249 a) discloses a matte coating method for the surface of an automobile aluminum alloy hub, which is characterized by comprising the following process steps: sequentially carrying out casting, heat treatment, machining, deburring and pretreatment, spraying matt paint and drying; the matte paint is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8% of silver powder, 73% of clear paste, 10% of black paste, 4% of yellow paste, 1% of red paste and 4% of sand painting powder. The invention has the advantages of low cost, few working procedures, easy control of the process, stable coating quality, high yield, high efficiency and environmental protection.
The matte coating method for the surface of the automobile aluminum alloy hub is characterized by comprising the following process steps of: a. casting: casting a workpiece on a casting machine by adopting a hot casting mould; b. and (3) heat treatment: firstly, carrying out solid solution treatment on a workpiece in a roller type continuous heat treatment furnace, wherein the furnace temperature is 535 +/-5 ℃, the solid solution treatment time is 300 minutes, then taking out the workpiece from the furnace, sending the workpiece into a quenching tank for quenching treatment, the water temperature of the quenching tank is 60-80 ℃, the quenching time is 2 minutes, after quenching is finished, sending the workpiece into the roller type continuous heat treatment furnace for artificial aging treatment, and naturally cooling the workpiece after heat preservation is carried out for 150 minutes in the furnace temperature of 135 +/-5 ℃; c. and (3) machining: turning the workpiece on a numerically controlled lathe to remove the part with the defect on the surface of the workpiece; d. deburring: manually removing a burr portion of the workpiece; e. pretreatment: the flow process is carried out according to the following sequence: cleaning in an aqueous solution of pH 7-pH 14, pre-degreasing in alkaline water with the total alkali point of 5-10, primary degreasing in alkaline water with the total alkali point of 5-10, washing in an aqueous solution of pH 7-pH 8, washing in an aqueous solution of pH 5.5-pH 7.2, acid-washing in acid water with the free acid point of 5-10, washing in an aqueous solution of pH 4-pH 7, washing in an aqueous solution of pH 4-pH 7, passivating in a passivating solution of pH 3.6-pH 4.2 and the total acid point of 0.2-1.2, washing in an aqueous solution of pH7, washing in an aqueous solution of pH7, washing in a sixth water, and baking in a baking oven at 140 ℃ for 30 minutes; f. painting: spraying matte paint on the surface of the workpiece by using a paint spraying gun; g. drying: baking the mixture for 40 minutes in a drying oven at the temperature of 180 +/-5 ℃. The field to which this method relates is not relevant to the present invention.
Patent document 2(CN 112275594 a) discloses a method for flexibly painting an automobile body, which belongs to the field of automobile manufacturing and processing, and comprises primer, colored paint, varnish, drying, primary finishing, painting masking, wiping, colored paint, varnish, drying, secondary finishing, removing masking, wiping, varnish, drying and inspecting and finishing. The topping method disclosed by the invention meets the production requirements of two types of topping products of a waist line bicolor vehicle and a top bicolor vehicle, simultaneously adapts to the traditional painting colored paint spraying process and the painting middle-painting-free process, can flexibly select the processes according to different product requirements in the spraying process, can meet the spraying requirements of producing different types of topping vehicles in a workshop simultaneously, effectively improves the overall coating quality effect of a topping vehicle body, reduces the quality defects and the re-investment transformation of a painting production line, and is worthy of popularization and reference. This method is not relevant to the present invention.
Patent document 3(CN 110976255 a) the present invention provides an automobile body coating method, comprising the steps of: performing electrophoretic coating on the vehicle body to be coated to ensure that the electrophoretic roughness of the vehicle body is less than or equal to 0.26 Ra; after electrophoretic coating, performing middle coating spraying on the vehicle body, wherein the rotating speed of a middle coating rotary cup is 35000-55000 r/min; after the intermediate coating is coated, carrying out BC1 spraying on the vehicle body by using red metallic paint, wherein the dehydration rate of the colored paint is controlled to be 85-90%; after BC1 spraying, carrying out BC2 spraying on the vehicle body by using red pigment paint, wherein the dehydration rate of the paint is controlled to be 85-90%; after BC2 spraying, the vehicle body was subjected to varnish spraying so that the varnish film thickness satisfied the condition: the horizontal plane is more than or equal to 50 mu m, and the vertical plane is more than or equal to 45 mu m. According to the automobile body coating method provided by the invention, red metallic paint is adopted in BC1 spraying, red pigment paint is adopted in BC2 spraying, the colors sprayed by the red metallic paint and the BC2 spraying are matched, and the automobile body coating method has good visual deep feeling. This method is not relevant to the present invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the prior art has high paint surface reflection degree, the color of a paint film is easy to fade and change in color outdoors, the tolerance to the defects of the paint film such as dust, particles and scratches is low, the wear resistance and scratch resistance of the paint film are not good enough, the appearance visual effect is not soft and elegant, and touch and strong attraction are not wanted, and provides a method for coating the silk effect of an automobile body and establishes an appearance paint surface effect suggested value.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme, which is described by combining the accompanying drawings as follows:
it is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The paint surface coated on the existing automobile body in the market has high brightness and high surface reflection, the 20-degree-angle glossiness is basically more than 85 gloss units, the color of the finished automobile is easy to fade and change color outdoors, the containment degree of the paint film defects such as dust, particles and scratches is low, and the wear resistance of the paint film is not good enough; the invention aims to optimize the brightness of the finished automobile finish, basically controls the 60-degree-angle glossiness to be below 40 gloss units, improves the outdoor light and color preservation performance of the colored finish, and improves the tolerance of the finish to the defects such as dust, particles, scratches and the like, thereby presenting soft and internally convergent, noble and elegant and velvet-like sensory effects and playing a very great decorative role in improving the wear-resistant and scratch-resistant appearance quality of the automobile.
A coating method for an automobile body silk effect comprises the following steps:
step one, intermediate coating and spraying: the viscosity range of the middle coating construction is 40-50s, and the leveling time is 5-12 minutes;
step two, middle coating and drying: keeping the temperature of the vehicle body at 70-80 ℃ for 5min, slowly heating to 160-170 ℃, keeping the drying time for 15-20min, and keeping the thickness of the dry film at 30-40 mu m;
step three, forced cooling: the car body passes through a forced cooling chamber, so that the temperature of the car body is kept below 35 ℃ before polishing inspection treatment;
step four, spraying colored paint: the painting times are two times, and the construction viscosity range of the colored paint is 25-40 s;
step five, pre-drying: under the environmental conditions that the temperature is 21-25 ℃, the relative humidity is 60-70%, the wind speed is 0.3-0.4m/s, the air cleanliness is 0 particles with the diameter more than or equal to 5 mu m, the leveling is kept for 1-3min, and the thickness of a dry film is 10-15 mu m;
step six, spraying silk effect paint: in the spraying process, the temperature of a spray booth is kept at 21-25 ℃, the relative humidity of the spray booth is kept at 60-70%, the air speed of the spray booth is 0.2-0.3m/s, the paint temperature is kept at 21-25 ℃, the discharge rate is 150-;
step seven, leveling: the leveling time is 5-10 minutes;
step eight, drying finish paint: the temperature of the vehicle body is 135-155 ℃, the drying time is 15-60min, and the thickness of the dry film is 45-55 mu m.
Further, spraying the silk effect paint in the sixth step: and (3) coating by adopting an automatic electrostatic rotary cup, wherein the coating is performed for one time.
Further, in the spraying process, the temperature of a spray booth is kept at 23 ℃, the relative humidity of the spray booth is 65%, the wind speed of the spray booth is 0.3m/s, the paint temperature is kept at 23 ℃, the discharge amount is 200cc/min, the rotating speed of a rotary cup is 45000rpm, shaping air is 300/150NL/min, the spray width is 35cm, the coating distance is 30cm, the coating coincidence rate is 66%, the construction voltage is-70 KV, the spraying air pressure is kept at 0.50MPa, and the construction viscosity range of the silk effect paint is 65 s.
Further, the middle coating in the step one is sprayed, and the leveling time is 10 minutes.
Further, the middle coating is dried in the second step, wherein the drying condition is that the vehicle body is kept for 15min at the temperature of 165 ℃, and the thickness of a dry film is 35 mu m.
And further, the colored paint is sprayed in the fourth step, and the construction viscosity is 32s under the condition that the temperature is 23 ℃.
Further, in the step five, pre-drying is carried out, under the environmental conditions that the temperature is 23 ℃, the relative humidity is 65%, the wind speed is 0.4m/s, the air cleanliness is 0 particles with the diameter being more than or equal to 5 mu m, the leveling is kept for 2min, and the thickness of the colored paint dry film is 12 mu m.
And further, leveling in the seventh step, wherein the leveling time of the silk effect paint is 10 minutes.
Further, drying the finish paint in the step eight, wherein the finish paint is dried under the condition that the temperature of the car body is kept at 145 ℃ for 20 min; the dry film thickness of the silk effect paint layer is 50 mu m.
Further, before the step one, the following steps are also included:
pretreatment: (1) manual pre-cleaning: (2) pre-degreasing: (3) degreasing: (4) first water washing: (5) and (4) table adjustment: (6) phosphorization: (7) and (3) second water washing: (8) and (3) washing for the third time: (9) pure water washing:
electrophoresis: immersing the car body into the electrophoresis tank liquid, performing ultrafiltration washing, and washing with pure water;
electrophoretic drying: ensuring that the temperature of the vehicle body is at 170-180 ℃ and keeping for 15-20min within the temperature range;
forced cooling: the car body is passed through a forced cooling chamber to maintain the temperature of the car body below 35 ℃ before the sanding inspection process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method can be used for external paint coating of a common automobile body, and has the advantages of soft and convergent appearance, elegance and silence, soft holding, touch and strong attractive force and velvet-like appearance visual effect due to low light reflection rate of the finished automobile paint surface, high tolerance to defects such as dust, particles, scratches and the like, excellent outdoor light and color retention performance of the color paint surface, high acid resistance, high alkali resistance and excellent wear resistance. Is more suitable for coating personalized and customized flagship type luxury automobile bodies.
The process for coating the silk effect intermediate coat finish comprises the following steps: middle coating spraying → middle coating drying → strong cold → first time of color paint spraying → second time of color paint spraying → pre-drying → spraying of silk effect paint → leveling → top coating drying, as shown in fig. 6. The coating method has the advantages of high speed and high efficiency, is suitable for large-scale assembly line coating production, improves the color and brightness range effect of the appearance of the automobile, and meets the urgent requirements of consumers on individuation and customization of automobile coating.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the temperature-viscosity relationship of a paint in use in an example of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graphical illustration of the temperature-viscosity relationship of the paints used in the examples of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic temperature-viscosity graph of a satin effect paint used in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a drying process window for silk effect paint used in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the thickness and the gloss of a satin effect paint film according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a process flow chart of the coating method for the silk effect of the automobile body.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
in view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a satin effect coating method for automobile body and establish the suggested value of the appearance finish effect thereof, which is used for solving the problems in the prior art. Referring to fig. 6, the steps are as follows:
first, pretreatment
(1) Manual pre-cleaning: the inner and outer surfaces of the vehicle body are pre-cleaned by spraying a high-pressure water gun, and no obvious oil stain, dust, scrap iron and impurities exist after cleaning; the high-pressure water gun has the following spraying pressure: 110-120bar, and the temperature of a water tank for supplying water by a high-pressure water gun is 35-45 ℃;
(2) pre-degreasing: immersing the vehicle body into pre-degreasing bath solution with the total alkalinity of 10-15pt and the pH value of 9-13, keeping the temperature of the bath solution at 38-42 ℃, and spraying for a time in the bath: 160 s;
(3) degreasing: immersing the vehicle body into degreasing bath solution with total alkalinity of 17-22pt and pH value of 9-13, keeping the temperature of the bath solution at 38-42 ℃, and soaking for: 170 s;
(4) first water washing: immersing the car body into water washing tank liquor with the pH value of 7.0-9.0, the pollution degree of less than 1.0pt and the accelerator point of 2-5pt, and soaking for: 45 s;
(5) and (4) table adjustment: immersing the vehicle body into surface conditioning bath solution with the conductivity of 1500 +/-500 mu s/cm, the pH value of 9-11 and the concentration of 3-5pt, wherein the immersion time is as follows: 45 s;
(6) phosphorization: immersing the vehicle body into phosphating tank liquor with total acidity of 21-23pt, free acidity of 0.6-1.0pt and accelerant of 3.5-4.5pt, wherein the temperature of the tank liquor is maintained at 34-38 ℃ in the immersion process of the vehicle body, and the immersion time is as follows: 170 s; the phosphated automobile body needs to meet the following requirements: the weight of the phosphating film is 2-4g/m2The size of phosphorization crystal is 3-9 μm;
(7) and (3) second water washing: immersing the car body into pure water washing tank liquor with the pollution degree less than 1.3pt, the pH value more than 5.5 and the conductivity less than 35 mu s/cm, and soaking for: 20 s;
(8) and (3) washing for the third time: immersing the car body into pure water washing tank liquor with the pollution degree less than 0.5pt, the pH value more than 5.5 and the conductivity less than 35 mu s/cm, and soaking for: 45 s;
(9) pure water washing: immersing the car body into pure water washing tank liquor with the pollution degree less than 0.5pt, the pH value more than 6.0, the conductivity less than 30 mu s/cm and the pure water spraying pressure of 0.14-0.15MPa, and soaking for: 45 s.
II, electrophoresis
Immersing the car body into electrophoresis bath solution with the solid content of 21-22%, the pH value of 5.6-6.5, the ash content of 15-20%, MEQ of 25-30, the solvent content of 0.6-1.5% and the bath solution conductivity of 1100-; the car body is connected with the cathode, and the corresponding anode needs to ensure that: the conductivity of the anolyte is 500-;
ultrafiltration washing: soaking the car body in the water washing tank liquor with the conductivity of ultrafiltrate less than 1900 mu s/cm and the pH value of 5-6, and treating for: 45 s;
pure water washing: immersing the vehicle body into pure water washing tank liquid with the pure water conductivity less than 50 mu s/cm and the pH value of 5.5-6.5, and treating for: 45 s.
Thirdly, electrophoretic drying
And (3) the vehicle body after the pure water washing enters a drying furnace for electrophoretic drying, wherein the temperature of the vehicle body is required to be kept at 180 ℃ of 170 and kept within the temperature range for 15-20min in the drying process, and preferably, the electrophoretic drying condition is that the temperature is kept at 175 ℃ for 15 min.
The dried car body electrophoresis paint film needs to meet the following requirements: film thickness: 18-22 μm; the surface roughness (Ra) is less than or equal to 0.35; the adhesive force is less than or equal to grade 1; the impact strength is more than or equal to 294 N.cm; the cupping is more than or equal to 4 mm; the salt spray resistance is not less than 840 hr. Preferably, the electrodeposition paint film has a thickness of 20 μm, a surface roughness (Ra) of 0.30, an adhesion of 0 grade, an impact strength of 490n.cm, a cupping: 6.0-8.0mm, and salt spray resistance of 1000 hr.
Fourthly, strong cooling
The car body is passed through a forced cooling chamber to maintain the temperature of the car body below 35 ℃ before the sanding inspection process.
Five, middle coating spraying
Before entering a middle-coating paint spraying chamber, the inner surface and the outer surface of the vehicle body are wiped by using viscous wiping cloth, and the vehicle body is clean and free of floating ash, impurities and particles after being wiped. The vehicle body after being cleaned is coated by adopting an automatic electrostatic rotary cup, the coating is carried out once, the temperature of a paint spraying chamber is kept at 21-25 ℃, the relative humidity of the paint spraying chamber is 60-70%, the wind speed of the paint spraying chamber is 0.3-0.4m/s, the temperature of the intermediate coating is kept at 22-24 ℃, the pH value is 8.4-8.6, the discharge amount is 250-350cc/min, the rotary cup rotating speed is 35000-60000rpm, shaping air 260/130NL/min, the spraying amplitude is 30-40cm, the coating distance is 25-30cm, the coating coincidence rate is 66-75%, the construction voltage is-75, the construction viscosity range of the intermediate coating is 40-50s (DIN-4#), the temperature-viscosity relation curve of the intermediate coating (DIN-4# measurement) is shown in figure 1, and the preferable construction viscosity is 46s (23 ℃). After spraying, the vehicle body needs to be subjected to flash leveling, the leveling time is 5-12 minutes, and preferably, the leveling time is 10 minutes.
Sixthly, drying the middle coating
After leveling of the floating coat, heating the wet paint film of the car body by a drying furnace to convert the wet paint film into a solid state, wherein the drying process needs to ensure that the temperature of the car body is firstly kept for 5min under the environmental condition of 70-80 ℃, then slowly heating to 160-170 ℃, and keeping the drying time for 15-20 min; preferably, the drying condition is that the temperature of the car body is kept at 165 ℃ for 15 min.
Control range of the thickness of the middle coating: the thickness of the dry film is 30-40 μm, and the total film thickness of the electrophoretic coating and the middle coating is more than or equal to 55 μm; the adhesive force is less than or equal to grade 1; the impact strength is more than or equal to 294 N.cm; the cupping is more than or equal to 4 mm; the stone impact resistance is less than or equal to 2 grades.
Seven, strong cooling
The car body is passed through a forced cooling chamber to maintain the temperature of the car body below 35 ℃ before the sanding inspection process.
Eight, color paint spraying
Before spraying, the P600-P800 abrasive paper is used for circularly polishing the middle coating defects and blowing and wiping the inner surface and the outer surface of the vehicle body, so that the inner surface and the outer surface of the vehicle body are clean and free of floating ash, impurities and particles. In order to ensure the color and appearance effect of the whole vehicle, the colored paint is sprayed by adopting automatic electrostatic rotary cup, the spraying times are two times, the temperature of a spray booth is kept at 21-25 ℃, the relative humidity of the spray booth is 60-70%, the wind speed of the spray booth is 0.3-0.4m/s, the temperature of the colored paint is kept at 22-24 ℃, the pH value is 7.9-8.1, the discharge amount is 120-250cc/min, the rotary cup rotating speed is 35000-60000rpm, shaping air is 260/130NL/min, the spraying amplitude is 30-40cm, the coating distance is 25-30cm, the coating coincidence rate is 66-75%, the construction voltage is-75 KV, and the construction viscosity range of the colored paint is 25-40s (measured by DIN-4 #). The temperature-viscosity relationship (DIN-4# measurement) of the pigmented paint is shown in FIG. 2, and preferably the construction viscosity is 32s (23 ℃).
Ninth, predrying
In order to ensure the color and appearance effect of the whole vehicle, after the paint is sprayed twice, the leveling is kept for 2min under the environmental conditions that the temperature is 23 ℃, the relative humidity is 65%, the wind speed is 0.4m/s, and the air cleanliness is 0 particles with the diameter of more than or equal to 5 microns.
Heating the car body through a drying furnace after leveling is finished to convert the wet colored paint film into a surface dry state, wherein the temperature of the car body is required to be 70-80 ℃ in the drying process, and the drying time is 3-5 min; preferably, the pre-drying condition is that the temperature of the vehicle body is kept for 5min at 80 ℃, and the dehydration rate of the pre-dried colored paint is ensured to reach more than 85%.
Controlling the film thickness of the colored paint layer: the dry film thickness is 10-15 μm. Preferably, the dry film thickness of the colored paint is 12 μm.
Ten-degree silk effect paint spraying
Spraying the silk effect paint after finishing the color paint spraying, wherein in order to ensure the color appearance effect of the whole vehicle, the silk effect paint spraying adopts automatic electrostatic rotary cup coating, the coating passes are one time, the temperature of a spray booth is kept at 21-25 ℃, the relative humidity of the spray booth is 60-70%, the air speed of the spray booth is 0.2-0.3m/s, the paint temperature is kept at 21-25 ℃, the discharge rate is 150 cc/min, the rotary cup rotating speed is 30000-50000rpm, shaping air is 300/150NL/min, the spray amplitude is 30-40cm, the coating distance is 25-30cm, the coating coincidence rate is 66-75%, the construction voltage is-70 KV, the spraying air pressure is kept at 0.45-0.55MPa, the construction viscosity range of the silk effect paint is 60-75s (ISO-4#), and the temperature-viscosity relation curve (ISO-4# measurement) is shown in figure 3, preferably, the construction viscosity of the silk effect paint is 65s (23 ℃).
Shaping air 300/150NL/min represents outer shaping air 300NL/min, inner shaping air 150 NL/min). NL/min is standard liters per minute.
Eleventh, after the paint with silk effect is sprayed, the car body needs to be flash-dried and leveled, and the leveling time is 5-10 minutes. Preferably, the leveling time of the silk effect paint is 10 minutes.
Twelve, finish paint drying
After the leveling is finished, the vehicle body is heated by a drying furnace to convert the satin effect paint wet film into a solid state, and the vehicle body temperature is required to be kept at 135-155 ℃ in the drying process for 15-60 min; preferably, the finish paint drying condition is that the temperature of the car body is kept for 20min at 145 ℃.
The film thickness control range of the silk effect paint layer is as follows: the dry film thickness is 45-55 μm. Preferably, the dry film thickness of the silk effect paint layer is 50 μm.
The following table 1 shows the performance of the composite coating with silk and satin effect in the embodiment of the invention, and the test result leads the technical standard of the industry and reaches the international advanced level.
TABLE 1 Silk effect coating Performance
TABLE 1 (continuation)
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. And those not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of those in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The coating method for the silk effect of the automobile body is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, intermediate coating and spraying: the viscosity range of the middle coating construction is 40-50s, and the leveling time is 5-12 minutes;
step two, middle coating and drying: keeping the temperature of the vehicle body at 70-80 ℃ for 5min, slowly heating to 160-170 ℃, keeping the drying time for 15-20min, and keeping the thickness of the dry film at 30-40 mu m;
step three, forced cooling: the car body passes through a forced cooling chamber, so that the temperature of the car body is kept below 35 ℃ before polishing inspection treatment;
step four, spraying colored paint: the painting times are two times, and the construction viscosity range of the colored paint is 25-40 s;
step five, pre-drying: under the environmental conditions that the temperature is 21-25 ℃, the relative humidity is 60-70%, the wind speed is 0.3-0.4m/s, the air cleanliness is 0 particles with the diameter more than or equal to 5 mu m, the leveling is kept for 1-3min, and the thickness of a dry film is 10-15 mu m;
step six, spraying silk effect paint: in the spraying process, the temperature of a spray booth is kept at 21-25 ℃, the relative humidity of the spray booth is kept at 60-70%, the air speed of the spray booth is 0.2-0.3m/s, the paint temperature is kept at 21-25 ℃, the discharge rate is 150-;
step seven, leveling: the leveling time is 5-10 minutes;
step eight, drying finish paint: the temperature of the vehicle body is 135-155 ℃, the drying time is 15-60min, and the thickness of the dry film is 45-55 mu m.
2. The coating method for the satin effect of the automobile body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
and sixthly, spraying the silk effect paint: and (3) coating by adopting an automatic electrostatic rotary cup, wherein the coating is performed for one time.
3. The coating method for the satin effect of the automobile body according to claim 2, characterized in that:
in the spraying process, the temperature of a spray booth is kept at 23 ℃, the relative humidity of the spray booth is 65%, the wind speed of the spray booth is 0.3m/s, the paint temperature is kept at 23 ℃, the discharge rate is 200cc/min, the rotating speed of a rotary cup is 45000rpm, shaping air is 300/150NL/min, the spray width is 35cm, the coating distance is 30cm, the coating coincidence rate is 66%, the construction voltage is-70 KV, the spraying air pressure is kept at 0.50MPa, and the construction viscosity range of the silk effect paint is 65 s.
4. The coating method for the satin effect of the automobile body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
and step one, the floating coat is sprayed, and the leveling time is 10 minutes.
5. The coating method for the satin effect of the automobile body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
and step two, drying the floating coat, wherein the drying condition is that the car body is kept for 15min at the temperature of 165 ℃, and the thickness of a dry film is 35 mu m.
6. The coating method for the satin effect of the automobile body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
and step four, spraying the colored paint, wherein the construction viscosity is 32s under the condition that the temperature is 23 ℃.
7. The coating method for the satin effect of the automobile body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
and step five, pre-drying, and keeping leveling for 2min under the environmental conditions that the temperature is 23 ℃, the relative humidity is 65%, the wind speed is 0.4m/s, and the air cleanliness is 0 particles with the diameter being more than or equal to 5 mu m, and the thickness of the colored paint dry film is 12 mu m.
8. The coating method for the satin effect of the automobile body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
and seventhly, leveling, wherein the leveling time of the silk effect paint is 10 minutes.
9. The coating method for the satin effect of the automobile body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
drying the finish paint in the step eight, wherein the finish paint drying condition is that the temperature of the car body is kept for 20min at 145 ℃; the dry film thickness of the silk effect paint layer is 50 mu m.
10. The coating method for the satin effect of the automobile body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the method also comprises the following steps before the step one:
pretreatment: (1) manual pre-cleaning: (2) pre-degreasing: (3) degreasing: (4) first water washing: (5) and (4) table adjustment: (6) phosphorization: (7) and (3) second water washing: (8) and (3) washing for the third time: (9) pure water washing:
electrophoresis: immersing the car body into the electrophoresis tank liquid, performing ultrafiltration washing, and washing with pure water;
electrophoretic drying: ensuring that the temperature of the vehicle body is at 170-180 ℃ and keeping for 15-20min within the temperature range;
forced cooling: the car body is passed through a forced cooling chamber to maintain the temperature of the car body below 35 ℃ before the sanding inspection process.
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