CN110639776A - Environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process - Google Patents
Environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/56—Three layers or more
- B05D7/58—No clear coat specified
- B05D7/586—No clear coat specified each layer being cured, at least partially, separately
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/002—Pretreatement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
- B05D7/16—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies using synthetic lacquers or varnishes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/26—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials synthetic lacquers or varnishes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/56—Three layers or more
- B05D7/58—No clear coat specified
- B05D7/584—No clear coat specified at least some layers being let to dry, at least partially, before applying the next layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D151/00—Coating compositions based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D151/003—Coating compositions based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D167/00—Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D167/06—Unsaturated polyesters having carbon-to-carbon unsaturation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
- C08K2003/0812—Aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2237—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of titanium
- C08K2003/2241—Titanium dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
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Abstract
The invention discloses an environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process, which comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of a vehicle body, treatment of electrophoretic primer, spraying of PVC vehicle bottom and sealing treatment of welding seams; (2) assembling exterior trimming parts with the color requirement consistent with that of the vehicle body; (3) point grinding the electrophoretic primer, spraying middle paint, spraying finish paint on the middle paint after leveling, and flashing after leveling; spraying varnish on the finish paint, and leveling; (4) drying the paint film at 60-100 deg.c for 30-40 min. The invention adopts the low-temperature baking type middle painting and finish paint to carry out wet-on-wet spraying process, thereby not only greatly reducing the energy consumption in the coating process, but also realizing the integrated spraying of the automobile body and the exterior trimming parts and solving the problem of difficult color matching of the automobile body and the exterior trimming parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of automobile production and manufacturing, and particularly relates to an automobile integrated coating process.
Background
With the increasing attention of our country to the environmental problems, a series of environmental policies and regulations are developed in various places, and environmental protection and energy conservation become the development trend of current automobile production. In the automobile manufacturing process, the energy consumption required by coating accounts for about 80% of the total energy consumption of the four processes of the whole automobile, the energy consumption of coating mainly comes from the spraying and baking processes of paint, and more automobile manufacturers begin to pay attention to environment-friendly and energy-saving coating processes.
In the traditional automobile production, automobile manufacturers adopt a 3C2B (three-coating two-baking) process to coat automobiles. The key process flow of the 3C2B is intermediate coating, drying, colored paint, flash drying, varnish and drying. Two times of high-temperature baking operation is required in the coating process, so that great energy consumption is caused, and a large amount of volatile solvent components are converted into gaseous state in the baking process and enter the air to form atmospheric pollutants. Therefore, the 3C2B coating process is very disadvantageous for environmental protection and resource saving.
In order to reduce the VOC emission, reduce the energy consumption in the production process and save the cost. A relatively environmentally friendly and energy efficient 3C1B painting process has been developed and is used in a number of factory and vehicle model instances. However, the existing 3C1B coating process is a high-temperature baking type process (as shown in fig. 2), and still has the defect of large energy consumption. Meanwhile, the high-temperature baking determines that the car body and the exterior trimming parts such as bumper bars must be coated separately, which also greatly increases the coating cost.
The existing 3C1B coating process can not well meet the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection in the automobile coating process, and meanwhile, the automobile body and the exterior trimming parts are separately sprayed, so that the cost in the spraying process is increased, and the color matching difficulty of the automobile body and the exterior trimming parts is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the background technology, and provide an environment-friendly and energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process, wherein the coating process can realize the integrated spraying of an automobile body and exterior trimming parts, and the drying process adopts low-temperature baking, so that the energy consumption is low. In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a vehicle body, treatment of electrophoretic primer, spraying of PVC vehicle bottom and sealing treatment of welding seams;
(2) assembling exterior trimming parts with the color requirement consistent with that of the vehicle body;
(3) point grinding the electrophoretic primer, spraying middle paint, leveling (2-5min), spraying finish paint on the middle paint, leveling for 2-5min, and flash drying at 60-80 deg.C for 2-5 min; spraying varnish on the finish paint, leveling for 3-8min, and baking;
(4) drying the paint film at 60-100 deg.c for 30-40 min.
In the integrated coating process, preferably, the primer surfacer comprises a component A and a component B, wherein the component A comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the component B is a curing agent, and the weight ratio of the component A to the component B is (6-10): 1.
in the above intermediate coating material, preferably, the aqueous polyurethane dispersion includes one or more of a polyether-type aqueous polyurethane dispersion, a polycarbonate-type aqueous polyurethane dispersion, and a polyester-type aqueous polyurethane dispersion. More preferably, the aqueous polyurethane dispersion includes a polycarbonate-type aqueous polyurethane dispersion or a polyester-type aqueous polyurethane dispersion. Further preferably, the aqueous polyurethane dispersion is a polycarbonate aqueous polyurethane with hydroxyl groups, and the amine ester bond of the polycarbonate aqueous polyurethane with hydroxyl groups is more than 8%. The existence of the aqueous polyurethane dispersion can enable the intermediate coating to have strong cohesive force and reduce the interaction with the finish, so that the aqueous polyurethane dispersion can cooperate with the polyester resin and the acrylic modified polyurethane in the formula to realize wet-on-wet coating, and can provide excellent adhesion, stone impact resistance, wear resistance, chemical resistance, oil resistance and other properties for the intermediate coating.
In the intermediate coating material, preferably, the polyester resin (hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin) is mainly obtained by polymerizing a polybasic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, the polybasic acid is a dimer acid having a long chain, and the polyester resin has a molecular weight polydispersity of 20 to 40 and an acid value of less than 1 mgKOH/g. The long-chain dimer acid is adopted as a dibasic acid structure, so that the resin has good thixotropy and good hydrophobicity, and the molecular structure design is adopted (mainly, the types, the number and the activity of functional groups on a polybasic acid chain and a polybasic alcohol chain are controlled, so that the polymerization reaction is selectively carried out), so that the resin has wide molecular weight distribution and low acid value, can provide good water resistance, flexibility, stone impact resistance and other properties for the middle coating, and can be well suitable for a wet-on-wet process.
In the primer coating, preferably, the acrylic modified polyurethane (self-crosslinking aqueous acrylic modified polyurethane emulsion) is an aliphatic urethane polyacrylate mixture. The special network structure of the aliphatic urethane polyacrylate mixture is beneficial to coating a middle coating on the surface of a workpiece to form a film, and meanwhile, the resin can limit the molecular structure motion of the middle coating and the surface coating in a wet film state, so that the surface effect of the middle coating and the surface coating in a wet-on-wet state is ensured.
In the primer surfacer, preferably, the acrylic emulsion is a functional aqueous acrylic emulsion with a core-shell structure, and mainly comprises aqueous acrylic resin, water and a neutralizer N, N-dimethylethanolamine which are physically mixed, wherein the mass concentration of the aqueous acrylic resin is controlled to be 29-31%, and the dosage of N, N-dimethylethanolamine is controlled according to the pH value of the system to be 5.5-7.0. The acrylic emulsion can improve the workability of the intermediate coating, so that the intermediate coating has good leveling and sagging properties, and the construction stability of the intermediate coating can be adjusted.
In the intermediate coating, the titanium dioxide with stable structure, small optical activity and excellent weather resistance is preferably selected, and rutile titanium dioxide is preferably selected, and R-960 titanium dioxide of the American DuPont company is more preferably selected. The dispersing aid, which is selected to facilitate dispersion of the pigment during the refining process, is suitable for use with binder-containing and binder-free pigment concentrates that can be used to grind binder-free pigment concentrates, more preferably BYK2012, by peck corporation. The wetting and leveling agent can effectively reduce the surface tension of the coating, and is preferably an organosilane substrate wetting agent, and further preferably TEGO Twin 4100. The defoaming agent is used for eliminating bubbles generated in the processes of grinding and preparing the paint, and simultaneously ensuring that the interlayer adhesive force of the coating is not influenced, and the defoaming agent is a non-organic silicon defoaming agent, preferably BYK 011. The organic amine is used as a neutralizer as a coating pH regulator, preferably an organic amine neutralizer with a boiling point not higher than 150 ℃, and more preferably N, N-dimethylethanolamine. The film-forming assistant is alcohol ether film-forming assistant with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and capable of exerting different film-forming effects on different resins, preferably dipropylene glycol methyl ether. The compatilizer can improve the compatibility of the coating components, and the solvent is one or more of alcohol ether, preferably propylene glycol butyl ether and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate. The water used in the intermediate coating is preferably deionized water, and the stability of the waterborne resin is affected due to the existence of multivalent ions such as calcium and magnesium in tap water, so that the stability of the final coating is poor.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the primer surfacer, wherein the component A of the primer surfacer comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 15-25 parts by weight of titanium dioxide, 0.5-0.9 part by weight of dispersing aid, 0.01-0.03 part by weight of wetting and leveling agent, 0.05-0.1 part by weight of defoaming agent, 0.1-0.2 part by weight of organic amine, 1-2 parts by weight of compatilizer and 3-5 parts by weight of deionized water into 5-8 parts by weight of acrylic resin under the stirring condition (400 revolutions per minute), continuing stirring after the addition is finished (stirring for 30min under the condition of 600 revolutions per minute of 400 revolutions per minute), and then grinding until the fineness is less than 10 mu m to obtain a premix;
(2) adding 10-20 parts by weight of aqueous polyurethane dispersoid, 12-23 parts by weight of polyester resin, 5-15 parts by weight of acrylic acid modified polyurethane, 2-8 parts by weight of acrylic acid emulsion, 0.04-0.17 part by weight of wetting and leveling agent, 0.15-0.4 part by weight of defoaming agent, 1-3 parts by weight of film forming additive, 0.3-0.6 part by weight of organic amine, 2-6 parts by weight of compatilizer and 1-3 parts by weight of deionized water into the premix obtained in the step (1) under the stirring condition (200 plus 400 r/min), adjusting the viscosity to 80-90s (25 ℃, Ford 4 cup), and filtering with 200-mesh filter cloth to obtain the component A of the intermediate coating.
In the integrated coating process, preferably, the finish paint comprises a component C and a component D, wherein the component C comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the component D is a curing agent, and the weight ratio of the component C to the component D is (5-8): 1.
in the above finish paint, preferably, the polyester resin (hydroxyl-containing polyester resin) is mainly formed by polymerizing polybasic acid and polyhydric alcohol, the polybasic acid is dimer acid with long chain, and the polyester resin has a molecular weight polydispersity index of 20-40 and an acid value less than 1. The long-chain dimer acid is adopted as a dibasic acid structure, so that the resin has good thixotropy and good hydrophobicity, and molecular structure design is carried out (mainly by controlling the type, the number and the activity of functional groups on a polybasic acid chain and a polyhydric alcohol chain, so that the polymerization reaction is selectively carried out), so that the resin has wide molecular weight distribution and low acid value, can provide good water resistance and flexibility for finish paint, can be well adapted to a wet-on-wet process, and can effectively improve the arrangement of aluminum powder in the paint.
In the above finish, preferably, the acrylic modified polyurethane (self-crosslinking aqueous acrylic modified polyurethane emulsion) is an aliphatic urethane polyacrylate mixture. The special network structure of the aliphatic carbamate polyacrylate mixture is beneficial to reducing the molecular motion capability of the finish paint, meets the spraying requirement of wet-on-wet, and can improve the orientation of aluminum powder, thereby providing the performances of quick drying, quick hardness development, good durability and weather resistance, good flowing smoothness, good stability, good scratch resistance and the like for the coating.
In the finish paint, preferably, the acrylic emulsion is a functional aqueous acrylic emulsion with a core-shell structure, and is mainly formed by physically mixing aqueous acrylic resin, water and a neutralizing agent N, N-dimethylethanolamine, wherein the mass concentration of the aqueous acrylic resin is controlled to be 29-31%, and the dosage of N, N-dimethylethanolamine is based on the control of the pH value of the system to be 5.5-7.0. The neutralizing agent is used for neutralizing the emulsion to obviously increase the viscosity of the emulsion and have the effect of shear thinning, but when the pH value of the emulsion is stabilized at 8.0-9.0, the viscosity of the emulsion is not changed greatly, and at the moment, obvious thixotropy can be generated after the alcohol ether compatilizer is added. By utilizing the characteristic, the aluminum powder paint can be used for providing excellent aluminum powder orientation in water-based aluminum powder paint on one hand, and the stability and the application property of the paint can be improved on the other hand.
In the finish paint, the types and the functions of the dispersing auxiliary agent, the compatilizer, the wetting agent, the defoaming agent, the organic amine and the deionized water are similar to those of the intermediate paint, and the details are not repeated here.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the component C of the finish paint, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 5-8 parts by weight of pigment, 0.01-1.2 parts by weight of dispersing aid, 0.01-0.02 part by weight of wetting and leveling agent, 0.05-0.08 part by weight of defoaming agent, 0.1-0.15 part by weight of organic amine, 1-1.5 parts by weight of compatilizer and 4-6 parts by weight of deionized water into 5-12 parts by weight of acrylic resin under the stirring condition (400 revolutions per minute), continuing stirring (stirring for 30min under the condition of 600 revolutions per minute of 400 revolutions per minute), and then grinding until the fineness is less than 10 mu m to obtain a premix;
(2) adding 40-60 parts by weight of acrylic emulsion, 30-50 parts by weight of polyester resin, 8-12 parts by weight of acrylic modified polyurethane, 0.04-0.06 part by weight of wetting and leveling agent, 0.05-0.12 part by weight of defoaming agent, 0.2-0.45 part by weight of organic amine, 9-12.5 parts by weight of compatilizer and 4-7 parts by weight of deionized water into the premix obtained in the step (1) under the stirring condition (200 plus 400 revolutions per minute), adjusting the viscosity to 80-90s (25 ℃, Ford 4 cup), and filtering through 200-mesh filter cloth to obtain the C component of the finish paint.
In the above-mentioned integrated coating process, preferably, the curing agent includes one or two of a water-based isocyanate curing agent (e.g. koste 2655, 401-60, wawa Aquolin268, etc.) or a water-based blocked isocyanate (Bayhydur BL5335, etc.).
After the intermediate coating and the finish coating are applied to integrated coating, the intermediate coating and the finish coating have a synergistic effect on the performance of the whole composite coating. The intermediate coating is used as a coating between the electrophoresis and the finish coat, has the advantages of improving the adhesion between the finish coat and the electrophoresis layer, simultaneously is beneficial to improving the covering, and is beneficial to the embodiment of the color effect of the finish coat. Meanwhile, the physical and chemical properties of the composite coating are also completed through the cooperation of the intermediate coating and the finish, and the performance of any coating can affect the performance of the whole composite coating when the performance of any coating can not meet the requirement. Only if good synergistic effect can be achieved between the intermediate coating and the finish paint, the composite coating can be ensured to play good protection on the coated workpiece, and meanwhile, the composite coating can also play a good decorative role.
The intermediate coating has excellent physical and chemical properties such as adhesive force, stone impact resistance, wear resistance and chemical resistance. The finish paint disclosed by the invention has excellent aluminum powder orientation performance, and the color spread of the color paste in the finish paint is good, so that the effect display of various complex colors can be met. Meanwhile, the finish paint also has excellent physicochemical properties of stone impact resistance, water resistance, chemical resistance and the like. The intermediate paint and the finish paint have some common functions such as: the coating has the advantages that the coating has the performances of adhesion, stone impact resistance, wear resistance and the like, and can play a role in protecting a coated workpiece, so that main resin with the same components can appear in the formula of the coating, and based on the same components, the intermediate coating and the finish paint are well matched with each other, and the intermediate coating and the finish paint are matched for use, so that the requirements of the 3C1B coating process in the invention can be met, and the requirements of a wet-on-wet construction process and a low-temperature (60-100 ℃) baking and curing process are met.
The intermediate coating and the finish coating are both double-component coatings, and the used curing agent can release isocyanate (-NCO) groups at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to react with hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino and other groups on a molecular chain of the water-based resin to form a cross-linked structure, so that the complete polymerization of polyurethane, acrylic resin, polyester and the like in the coatings is completed. The curing agent and other components act together, so that the intermediate coating and the finish paint can meet the requirements of a wet-on-wet construction process and a low-temperature (60-100 ℃) baking curing process.
In the integrated coating process, preferably, the pretreatment of the vehicle body sequentially includes the following steps: pre-degreasing, primary washing, secondary washing, surface conditioning, phosphating, primary washing, secondary washing, pure washing, fresh pure washing and leaching; the electrophoretic primer treatment sequentially comprises the following steps: electrophoretic coating, ultrafiltrate UF rinsing, pure water rinsing, liquid leaching, electrophoretic drying and electrophoretic point grinding; and during electrophoresis drying, the drying temperature is 160-fold and 180 ℃, the heat preservation time is about 20min, and the PVC vehicle bottom is subjected to heat preservation for 20min at the temperature of 140-fold and 150 ℃ after the PVC vehicle bottom spraying and welding line sealing treatment, and then the next procedure is carried out.
In the integrated coating process, preferably, when the electrophoresis primer is used for spot grinding, the electrophoresis primer is manually used for spot grinding, the indoor air speed requirement of grinding is 0.2-0.3m/s, the indoor illumination intensity is 600Lx, the granularity of grinding abrasive paper is 400-; when wet hair polishing is adopted, deionized water is required to be used, and the surface of a workpiece is ensured to be dry when the workpiece enters the next procedure; and removing floating dust on the surface of the workpiece by using adhesive dust-free wiping cloth.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention adopts a brand new intermediate coat and finish coat system, can meet the characteristics of wet-on-wet construction process and baking and curing of a coating film at low temperature (60-100 ℃), and realizes the optimization of the coating process in the aspect of environmental protection on the premise of ensuring the quality of the coating film.
2. The invention adopts the low-temperature baking type middle painting and finish paint to carry out wet-on-wet spraying process, thereby not only greatly reducing the energy consumption in the coating process, but also realizing the integrated spraying of the automobile body and the exterior trimming parts and solving the problem of difficult color matching of the automobile body and the exterior trimming parts.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the low-temperature integrated coating process of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a conventional 3C1B automobile body coating process.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the low-temperature integrated coating process for an environment-friendly energy-saving automobile in the embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) the pretreatment of the vehicle body before coating comprises the following steps: pre-degreasing → primary washing → secondary washing → surface tone → phosphating → primary washing → secondary washing → pure washing → fresh pure washing → leachate.
(2) Electrophoretic primer treatment comprising the steps of: electrophoretic coating → ultrafiltrate UF washing → pure water washing → leaching → electrophoretic drying (drying temperature is 160-.
(3) Spraying and welding line sealing the PVC underbody, carrying out spraying and welding line sealing on the PVC underbody, and carrying out heat preservation at the temperature of 140-.
(4) And (4) assembling the exterior trimming parts, namely assembling the exterior trimming parts such as bumpers and the like which are required to be consistent with the color of the automobile body.
(5) Polishing and wiping the electrophoretic primer, manually performing electrophoretic primer point polishing, wherein the indoor wind speed requirement of polishing is 0.2-0.3m/s, the indoor illumination intensity is 600Lx, the granularity of polishing abrasive paper is 400-; when wet hair polishing is adopted, deionized water is required to be used, and the surface of a workpiece is ensured to be dry when the workpiece enters the next procedure; and removing floating dust on the surface of the workpiece by using adhesive dust-free wiping cloth.
(6) Coating and checking by a middle coating robot, further removing floating dust on the surface of a workpiece by ionized air, coating middle coating by the robot, adding water into the middle coating for viscosity adjustment, and adjusting the viscosity control range to 80-90s (25 ℃, Ford 4# cup); the air speed in the paint spraying chamber is 0.3m/s, the next finish paint spraying is carried out after the leveling at the normal temperature is carried out for 2-5min, and the dry film thickness of the intermediate paint layer is controlled to be 12-15 mu m.
(7) Spraying and checking finish paint, adding water into the finish paint for viscosity adjustment, and adjusting the viscosity control range to 80-90s (25 ℃, Ford 4# cup); spraying the interior of the finish paint by manual operation, spraying the outer surface of the finish paint by a robot, wherein the wind speed of a manual operation area is 0.5m/s, the wind speed of an automatic operation area of the robot is 0.3m/s, the indoor illumination is not lower than 800Lx, flashing is carried out for 5min at 80 ℃ after leveling is carried out for 3min at normal temperature, the next procedure is carried out after the inspection is qualified, and the thickness of a dry film of the finish paint layer is controlled to be 12-15 mu m.
(8) And (3) varnish spraying and inspection, namely manually spraying varnish on the inner cavity, spraying varnish on the outer surface by a robot, wherein the wind speed of a manual operation area is 0.5m/s, the wind speed of an automatic operation area of the robot is 0.3m/s, the indoor illumination is not lower than 800Lx, and leveling is carried out for 15min after the appearance of a wet varnish film is qualified.
(9) And drying the paint film, wherein the baking temperature of the paint film is 80 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 30-40 min.
In this example, the intercoat paint includes an a component and a B component (curing agent). The component A comprises the following raw materials: the paint comprises an aqueous polyurethane dispersion, polyester resin, acrylic modified polyurethane, acrylic emulsion, acrylic resin, titanium dioxide, a dispersing aid, a wetting and leveling agent, a defoaming agent, organic amine, a film-forming aid, a compatilizer and deionized water (the weight parts of the components are shown in formula 1 in the following table 1).
Table 1: the component proportion of the A component of the middle coating paint in the examples 1-8 and the comparative examples 1-2
In the above table, TW-008, TW-401, TW201, and TW-103 are all aqueous resin products produced by New Material technology, Inc. of Hunan Bangfu, and the specific indices are shown in Table 2 below (the same below).
Wherein TW-008 is an aliphatic polyurethane polyol resin having a molecular weight Mn of 5000 and a polydispersity PDI of 1.7.
TW-401 is aqueous polyester polyol resin, the molecular weight Mn is 3500, and the polydispersity number PDI is 20-40.
TW-201 is an aqueous acrylic emulsion having a core-shell mechanism.
TW-103 is an aqueous acrylic resin, Mn is 12000, polydispersity PDI is 2.2.
Table 2: performance indices of related products in Table 1
| Appearance of the product | Solid content (wt%) | Viscosity (mPas) | Acid value (mgKOH/g) | pH value | |
| TW-103 | Light yellow transparent solution | 30-32 | 6000-12000 | 16.5-18 | 7.8-8.8 |
| TW-201 | Milky white leucorrhea blue light solution | 29-31 | 10-200 | 6.5-8.0 | 5.5-7.0 |
| TW-401 | Translucent blue light solution | 27-30 | 1000-5000 | 0-1 | 7.0-8.0 |
| TW-008 | Translucent blue light solution | 30-33 | 10-300 | 6.7-8.0 | 7.0-8.0 |
The preparation method of the component A of the intermediate coating comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring 7 parts by weight of acrylic resin under the condition of 200-400 r/min, adding 20 parts by weight of titanium dioxide, 0.6 part by weight of dispersing aid, 0.015 part by weight of wetting and leveling agent, 0.06 part by weight of defoaming agent, 0.12 part by weight of organic amine, 1.3 parts by weight of compatilizer and 4 parts by weight of deionized water under the stirring condition, stirring for 30min under the condition of 400-600 r/min after the addition is finished, and then grinding until the fineness is less than 10 mu m;
(2) stirring the raw material obtained in the step (1) under the condition of 200-400 r/min, adding 15 parts by weight of aqueous polyurethane dispersoid, 18 parts by weight of polyester resin, 9 parts by weight of acrylic modified polyurethane, 5 parts by weight of acrylic emulsion, 0.085 part by weight of wetting and leveling agent, 0.24 part by weight of defoaming agent, 2 parts by weight of film-forming assistant, 0.48 part by weight of organic amine, 4.7 parts by weight of compatilizer and 2 parts by weight of deionized water under the stirring condition, adjusting the mixture to be 80-90s (25 ℃, Ford 4# cup), and filtering with 200-mesh filter cloth to obtain the component A of the intermediate coating.
The topcoat of this example includes a C component and a D component (curing agent). The component C comprises the following raw materials: polyester resin, acrylic modified polyurethane, acrylic emulsion, acrylic resin, pigment, dispersing auxiliary agent, defoaming agent, organic amine, compatilizer, wetting and leveling agent and deionized water (the weight parts of each component are shown in formula 1 in the following table 3).
Table 3: component ratio of component C of finishing coats in examples 1-8 and comparative examples 1-2
The preparation method of the finish paint comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring 6 parts by weight of acrylic resin TW-103 under the condition of 200-;
(2) stirring the raw materials obtained in the step (1) under the condition of 200-.
The B component and the D component of the middle painting and finishing paint curing agent adopt Bayer XP2655, and are diluted to 60 percent by propylene glycol methyl ether acetate for use. The middle paint comprises the following components: the component B is 8: 1, a finishing coat comprises a component C: the component D is 8: 1.
example 2:
the environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process in the embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment 1, except that the intermediate coating is different from the finish, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the composition and preparation of the basecoat of this example were the same as those of example 1.
The finish paint of the embodiment is divided into a white finish and a pearlescent finish, and the formula of the component C in the formula of the white finish and the pearlescent finish and the weight parts of the formula are respectively shown in formula 2 and formula 3 in table 3. See example 1 for the preparation of topcoat C component.
Example 3:
the environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process in the embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment 1, except that the intermediate coating is different from the finish, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the composition and preparation of the basecoat of this example is the same as example 1, except that the composition of component A is formula 2 in Table 1.
The components and preparation method of the finish paint of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
Example 4:
the environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process in the embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment 1, except that the intermediate coating is different from the finish, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the composition and preparation of the basecoat of this example is the same as example 1, except that the composition of component A is formula 2 in Table 1.
The components and preparation method of the finish paint of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 2.
Example 5:
the environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process in the embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment 1, except that the intermediate coating is different from the finish, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the composition and preparation of the basecoat of this example is the same as example 1, except that the composition of component A is formula 3 in Table 1.
The components and preparation method of the finish paint of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
Example 6:
the environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process in the embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment 1, except that the intermediate coating is different from the finish, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the composition and preparation of the basecoat of this example is the same as example 1, except that the composition of component A is formula 3 in Table 1.
The components and preparation method of the finish paint of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 2.
Example 7:
the environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process in the embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment 1, except that the intermediate coating is different from the finish, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the composition and preparation of the basecoat of this example is the same as example 1, except that the composition of component A is formula 4 in Table 1.
The components and preparation method of the finish paint of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
Example 8:
the environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process in the embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment 1, except that the intermediate coating is different from the finish, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the composition and preparation of the basecoat of this example is the same as example 1, except that the composition of component A is formula 4 in Table 1.
The components and preparation method of the finish paint of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 2.
Comparative example 1:
the environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process in the comparative example is the same as that in the example 1, except that the intermediate coating is different from the finish, specifically as follows:
the composition and preparation of the basecoat of this comparative example is the same as example 1, except that the composition of component A is formulation 5 in Table 1.
The composition and preparation method of the top coat of this comparative example were the same as those of example 2.
Comparative example 2:
the environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process in the comparative example is the same as that in the example 1, except that the intermediate coating is different from the finish, specifically as follows:
the composition and preparation of the basecoat of this comparative example is the same as example 1, except that the composition of component A is formula 6 in Table 1.
The composition and preparation method of the top coat of this comparative example were the same as those of example 2.
Comparative example 3:
the environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process in the comparative example is the same as that in the example 1, except that the intermediate coating is different from the finish, specifically as follows:
the water based basecoat used in the automobile was replaced with the WP-541N white basecoat from Hung Guanxi and the topcoat was replaced with the WBC-741N ferret white (BC1) and ice crystal white (BC2) from Hung Guanxi, the clearcoats being identical to the examples and comparative examples previously mentioned. Hunan Jiangxi middle coating (WP-541N white middle coating) and finish coating (WBC-741N ferret white and ice crystal white) are typical 3C1B water-based automobile coatings used in the market at present.
The paint films obtained in examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to property tests, and the results are shown in Table 4 below. Various performance testing criteria are as follows:
1. the performance suitable for spraying: the paint has the advantages of good dispersibility, moderate leveling property, good thixotropy, uniform coating, no obvious orange peel, no pinhole bubbles and no impurities when being sprayed with the intermediate paint and the finish paint.
2. The performance of curing and drying is adapted to: the baking condition is 80 + -5 deg.C, and the baking time is 30 min; the coating is completely cured and crosslinked after being cured, and the solvent has no residue and can not be back-adhered.
3. Storage stability: the intercoat and topcoat were stored at 40 ℃ for 5 days, and the viscosity before and after storage was evaluated with Ford cup No. 4 to evaluate whether the viscosity was in the range of-15% to 15%.
4. The appearance of the paint film is as follows: the coated surface was analyzed using a DOI instrument to evaluate the long and short wavelength as well as DOI values.
5. Hardness: mitsubishi pencil.
6. Water resistance: and (5) placing the paint film sample plate in warm water at 40 ℃ for soaking for 10 days, and observing the appearance condition of the paint film.
7. Adhesion force: 100 grids with the size of 1mm multiplied by 1mm are scribed on the paint film by an adhesive force scriber, the paint film is adhered on the coating on which the grids are scribed by an adhesive force adhesive tape, then the adhesive tape is peeled off, and the falling condition of the grid paint film is observed (0-5 grade, grade less than or equal to 1 grade is qualified).
8. Impact strength: impact strength was evaluated using an impact tester from DuPont, with a 1kg punch passing through a 50cm high impact paint film (. gtoreq.30 kg cm pass).
9. Stone chip resistance: the coating of the paint film template was impacted at room temperature with 500g of quenched, angular, 2mm average diameter iron sand under a pressure of 2 bar. And observing the size of the stone impact point and the stripping area in the coating, and calculating the average stripping area and the maximum stripping area after stone impact to determine the stone impact resistance grade (grade 1-5, qualified grade less than or equal to 2).
10. Acid resistance of 0.1mol/LH2SO4At 25 ℃ for 24 hours, the paint film of the composite board has no obvious change, the color difference delta E is less than or equal to 1(45 DEG angle), and the composite board has no obvious light loss, foaming, expansion and falling.
11. The alkali resistance is 0.1mol/LNaOH, the temperature is 25 ℃, the time is 24 hours, the paint film of the composite board has no obvious change, the color difference delta E is less than or equal to 1(45 DEG angle), and the composite board has no obvious light loss, bubbling, expansion and falling.
12. The gasoline-resistant 24h paint film has no wrinkles in appearance, is obviously softened, foams, falls off, has color difference and changes in appearance. Naturally airing for 24h, testing the adhesive force to be 0 grade or 1 grade, and the hardness to be more than or equal to HB. The change of crack, blister, peeling, color change and the like is avoided when the fabric is soaked at room temperature; a slight softening of the paint film was allowed.
13. The humidity and heat resistance (47 plus or minus 1 ℃/RH 96 plus or minus 2 percent) is more than or equal to 240 hours, and obvious phenomena of rusting, air bubbles, discoloration, cracking or other destruction phenomena do not exist.
14. And (3) determining the activation period: under the condition of room temperature, preparing a floating coat according to a set main solid ratio, measuring the initial viscosity and the viscosity every hour by using a Ford cup No. 4, sampling and spraying a plate after measuring the viscosity each time, and evaluating the change conditions of viscosity change, coating construction performance, test plate appearance and the like (the activation period is not less than 3h and is qualified).
Table 4: results of the Performance test of paint films obtained by Using the intercoat and topcoat in examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 3
Claims (10)
1. An environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a vehicle body, treatment of electrophoretic primer, spraying of PVC vehicle bottom and sealing treatment of welding seams;
(2) assembling exterior trimming parts with the color requirement consistent with that of the vehicle body;
(3) point grinding the electrophoretic primer, spraying middle paint, spraying finish paint on the middle paint after leveling, and flashing after leveling; spraying varnish on the finish paint, and leveling;
(4) drying the paint film at 60-100 deg.c for 30-40 min.
2. The environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate coating comprises a component A and a component B, wherein the component A comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the component B is a curing agent, and the weight ratio of the component A to the component B is (6-10): 1.
3. the environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the aqueous polyurethane dispersion comprises one or more of polyether type aqueous polyurethane dispersion, polycarbonate type aqueous polyurethane dispersion and polyester type aqueous polyurethane dispersion.
4. The environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the aqueous polyurethane dispersion is polycarbonate aqueous polyurethane with hydroxyl groups, and the amine ester bonds of the polycarbonate aqueous polyurethane with hydroxyl groups are more than 8%.
5. The environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process according to claim 1, wherein the finish paint comprises a component C and a component D, wherein the component C comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the component D is a curing agent, and the weight ratio of the component C to the component D is (5-8): 1.
6. the environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the polyester resin is mainly formed by polymerizing polybasic acid and polyhydric alcohol, the polybasic acid is dimer acid with long chain, the molecular weight polydispersity index of the polyester resin is 20 to 40, and the acid value is less than 1 mgKOH/g.
7. The environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the acrylic modified polyurethane is an aliphatic urethane polyacrylate mixture.
8. The environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the acrylic emulsion is a functional aqueous acrylic emulsion with a core-shell structure, and mainly comprises aqueous acrylic resin, water and a neutralizer N, N-dimethylethanolamine, wherein the mass concentration of the aqueous acrylic resin is controlled to be 29-31%, and the dosage of N, N-dimethylethanolamine is controlled to be based on the pH value of the system to be 5.5-7.0.
9. The low-temperature integrated coating process for the environment-friendly energy-saving automobile according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the curing agent comprises one or two of a water-based isocyanate curing agent or a water-based blocked isocyanate.
10. The environment-friendly energy-saving automobile low-temperature integrated coating process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pretreatment of the automobile body sequentially comprises the following steps: pre-degreasing, primary washing, secondary washing, surface conditioning, phosphating, primary washing, secondary washing, pure washing, fresh pure washing and leaching; the electrophoretic primer treatment sequentially comprises the following steps: electrophoretic coating, ultrafiltrate UF rinsing, pure water rinsing, liquid leaching, electrophoretic drying and electrophoretic point grinding; and after the PVC vehicle bottom spraying and welding line sealing treatment, carrying out heat preservation at the temperature of 140 ℃ and 150 ℃ and then entering the next working procedure.
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| CN115228708A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-10-25 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Water-based low-temperature integrated coating method for whole vehicle |
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