CN110681551A - Color register coating process method for automobile multi-color automobile body - Google Patents
Color register coating process method for automobile multi-color automobile body Download PDFInfo
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- CN110681551A CN110681551A CN201910930881.XA CN201910930881A CN110681551A CN 110681551 A CN110681551 A CN 110681551A CN 201910930881 A CN201910930881 A CN 201910930881A CN 110681551 A CN110681551 A CN 110681551A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
- B05D5/065—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects having colour interferences or colour shifts or opalescent looking, flip-flop, two tones
- B05D5/066—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects having colour interferences or colour shifts or opalescent looking, flip-flop, two tones achieved by multilayers
Abstract
The invention discloses a process method for color register coating of a multi-color automobile body of an automobile, belongs to the technical field of automobile body coating processes, and aims to solve the problems that the existing color register coating process cannot ensure that the boundary is clear, no sawtooth exists, no paint is piled, the color register part has no step feeling, and the like. The invention adopts 24 procedures in the process of color register spraying, such as: spraying light-color paint, manufacturing a color separation line, shielding, spraying dark-color paint, spraying varnish for multiple times, shielding and dismantling, grinding and polishing; finally, the color register coating with clear boundary, no sawtooth, no paint piling and no step sense at color register parts is realized, and the texture of the luxury vehicle type is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile body coating processes, and particularly relates to a process method for color register coating of an automobile multi-color automobile body.
Background
The development of automobile coating technology, users have higher and higher requirements on the appearance of automobiles, and the color register coating process is one of the automobile coating processes, and can realize the functions of individuation, decoration, beautification and the like by simultaneously attaching various colors of coatings to an automobile body; therefore, the chromatic car attracts consumers more and more by virtue of the beautiful appearance of the double-color paint film, but is always sold as a special order car due to the complex production process, low production efficiency and high cost. The prior color register coating process has two types, one is a color paint layer shielding method, and the steps are as follows: spraying a first color paint, drying, color separation shielding, spraying a second color paint, removing shielding, spraying varnish, drying finish paint and modifying; the method has the advantages of high speed, high efficiency, no mark in lap joint and universal two-color spraying method, but has the problems of lower pollution, paint leakage, easy scratch to the paint surface of the colored paint in the protection process and poor visual gloss of the whole vehicle; the other method is a varnish layer shielding method, and comprises the following steps: spraying a first color paint, drying, color separation shielding, spraying a second color paint, finish paint drying, picking shielding and modifying; the method has the advantages of excellent operation convenience, different colors from the traditional paint surface, and easy generation of stubble due to the ladder feeling at the lap joint.
At present, the process is usually used for operating plane parts, the accurate position, clear boundary, no saw tooth and no paint build-up are difficult to ensure in the whole process of complex shapes such as a composite curved surface, an inner opening and the like, the color chromatographic parts of the whole vehicle after spraying have obvious step feeling, obvious color separation traces can be sensed by hand touch, and the influence is caused on the texture of the whole luxury vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a process method for coating a multicolor automobile body on an automobile, which comprises the following specific steps:
one, electrophoresis
1) Manual pre-cleaning: the inner and outer surfaces of the vehicle body are pre-cleaned by spraying a high-pressure water gun, and no obvious oil stain, dust, scrap iron and impurities exist after cleaning; the high-pressure water gun has the following spraying pressure: 50-100bar, the temperature of a water tank for supplying water by a high-pressure water gun is 40-47 ℃;
2) pre-degreasing: immersing the vehicle body into pre-degreasing bath solution with a total alkali point of 8-15 and a pH value of 10-13, keeping the temperature of the bath solution at 50-57 ℃, and soaking for: 278s
3) Degreasing: immersing the vehicle body into degreasing bath solution with a total alkali point of 8-15 and a pH value of 10-13, keeping the temperature of the bath solution at 50-57 ℃, and soaking for: 466s
4) And (3) industrial water washing: immersing the car body into a water washing tank liquor with the pH value of 7.5-9.5, the alkali stain of less than 1.5Pt and the accelerator point of 0.6-2.0Pt, wherein the soaking time is as follows: 248s
5) Surface conditioning: immersing the vehicle body into surface conditioning bath solution with the conductivity of 1400 +/-600 mu s/cm, the pH value of 8.5-10 and the Zn point of 10-14, wherein the immersion time is as follows: 238s of the number of the first and second groups,
6) phosphorization: immersing the car body into phosphating tank liquor with total acid point of 20-24Pt, free acid point of 1.0-1.6Pt and accelerator point of 2.5-3.0Pt, wherein the temperature of the tank liquor is kept at 46-52 ℃ in the immersion process of the car body, and the immersion time is as follows: 325 s; the phosphatized car body needs to be guaranteed: the weight of the phosphating film is 2-5g/m2The size of the phosphorization crystal is 3-10 mu m;
7) pure water washing for the first time: immersing the car body into pure water washing tank liquor with acid stain less than 1.5Pt, pH value more than 5 and electric conductivity less than 30 mu s/cm, wherein the immersion time is as follows: 244s
8) And (3) pure water washing for the second time: immersing the car body into pure water washing tank liquor with acid stain less than 1.5Pt, pH value more than 5 and electric conductivity less than 30 mu s/cm, wherein the immersion time is as follows: 345s
9) Electrophoresis, namely immersing the car body into electrophoresis bath solution with the solid content of 19-23%, the pH value of 5.6-6.6, the ash content of 15-20%, the MEQ of 25-30, the solvent content of 0.6-1.5% and the bath solution conductivity (1100-2000) mu s/cm, wherein the bath solution temperature is kept at 30-32 ℃ in the immersion process of the car body, the electrophoresis process adopts three-stage voltage step control, and one-stage voltage is ensured at 80-150V for 60-80 s; the two-stage voltage is ensured at 180-240V for 60-120 s; the three-stage voltage is ensured at 290V at 250 and 340s at time 280; the car body is connected with the cathode, and the corresponding anode needs to ensure that: the conductivity of the anolyte is less than 700 mu s/cm, and the pH value of the anolyte is 2-6; total immersion time in the electrophoresis step: 642 s;
10) ultrafiltration and water washing: and (3) carrying out ultrafiltration on the car body in a washing tank solution for soaking time: 246s of the total number of the first and second groups,
11) pure water washing for the first time: immersing the car body into pure water washing tank liquor with the conductivity less than 150 mu s/cm, wherein the immersion time is as follows: 245s of the first and second containers, and,
12) and (3) pure water washing for the second time: immersing the car body into pure water washing tank liquor with the electric conductivity less than 150 mu s/cm, wherein the immersion time is as follows: 246s of the total number of the first and second groups,
13) electrophoretic drying: after washing with pure water, drying a paint film of the car body, wherein the temperature of the car body is required to be 160-170 ℃ in the drying process and is kept in the temperature range for 20-25 min; the dried electrophoretic paint needs to be guaranteed: the adhesive force of a paint film is less than or equal to grade 1, the hardness of the paint film is more than or equal to 350g, the thick plane of the paint film is more than or equal to 15 mu m, and the vertical plane of the paint film is more than or equal to 18 mu m;
14) electrophoresis inspection and polishing: the electrophoresis defects were manually round-ground using a lemon grinding block plus P320 sandpaper, 40 μ sandpaper.
II, middle coating spraying:
1) blowing and wiping before floating coating: before the vehicle body enters the middle coating and spraying, the inner surface and the outer surface of the vehicle body are wiped by using viscous wiping cloth by using an s-shaped wiping method, and the vehicle body is clean and free of floating ash, impurities and particles after wiping;
2) middle coating and spraying: painting the vehicle body after wiping, keeping the temperature of the painting room at 21-25 ℃, the humidity of the painting room at 60-80% and the wind speed of the painting room at 0.3-0.4m/s in the painting process, keeping the temperature of the paint at 21-25 ℃ in the painting process, keeping the viscosity of the intermediate coat paint within +/-0.5 s, and flashing and leveling the vehicle body after painting, wherein the leveling time is guaranteed to be not less than 8 minutes.
3) Middle coating and drying: after the leveling is finished, the car body is heated by a drying furnace to enable a paint film to be converted into a solid state, and the temperature of the car body is required to be kept at 75-85 ℃ in the drying process, and the drying time is 30-45 min; the total film thickness of the surface of the body of the middle coating after drying is more than or equal to 55 mu m, and the thickness of the single film of the middle coating is as follows: the vertical surface is more than or equal to 35 mu m, and the plane is more than or equal to 40 mu m; the adhesive force of a paint film is less than or equal to grade 1, and the hardness of the paint film is more than or equal to 100g
4) Middle coating inspection and water polishing: manually using P600 and P800 sandpaper to round and polish the floating coat defects.
5) Coating and blowing in the car body: the inner surface and the outer surface of the car body are cleaned before the colored paint is sprayed, the car body is blown clean by oil-free and water-free compressed air, and the inner surface and the outer surface of the car body are clean and free of floating ash, impurities and particles after the car body is blown clean.
Three, color paint spraying
1) Spraying light paint: carrying out color paint spraying after the intermediate coating is finished, preferably carrying out the light color part spraying of the double-color car in order to ensure that the visual effect is uniform after the whole car is finished, wherein the temperature of a spray booth is kept at 21-25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth is kept at 60-80%, the wind speed of the spray booth is kept at 0.3-0.4m/s, the temperature of paint used for spraying is 21-25 ℃, and the viscosity of the light color paint is within +/-0.5 s; the single film thickness of the light paint is more than or equal to 15 mu m;
2) varnish spraying: and (3) spraying varnish on the vehicle body after wiping, keeping the temperature of a spray booth at 21-25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth at 60-80%, the wind speed of the spray booth at 0.3-0.4m/s, the paint temperature at 21-25 ℃, and the viscosity of varnish paint within +/-0.5 s in a standard during spraying, wherein the vehicle body needs to be flashed and leveled after spraying, and the leveling time is guaranteed to be not less than 8 minutes.
3) Drying: and after the leveling is finished, the car body is heated by a drying furnace to enable the paint film to be converted into a solid state, and the drying process needs to ensure that the temperature of the car body is 65-85 ℃ and the drying time is 90-120 min.
4) Finely polishing finish paint at the lap joint part: after finishing the light-color paint, performing dry polishing on the whole vehicle by using P1200-P1500 sand paper in cooperation with a pneumatic polisher to remove the defects of a paint film, eliminate orange peel textures and increase the adhesive force between coatings;
5) manufacturing a color separation line: aiming at the boundary of the color register modeling part, a color separation line is manufactured by sticking a color separation adhesive tape, the tensile strength of the used color separation adhesive tape is more than 38N/10mm, the adhesive force between coatings is more than 2.2N/10mm and is not more than 3.8N/10mm, and the deformation rate is not more than 15%;
6) shading with light paint: preventing the paint mist from polluting the original paint surface when deep-color paint is sprayed subsequently, and completely shielding the light-color part along the boundary line by using a shielding film, wherein the thickness of the used shielding film is not more than 50 mu m; longitudinal tensile strength is not less than 4500psi, transverse longitudinal tensile strength is not less than 2800psi, and heat resistance is not less than 160 ℃ for 30 minutes;
7) blowing and wiping the vehicle body: before the deep color finish paint is sprayed, the inner surface and the outer surface of the car body are cleaned, oil-free and water-free compressed air is used for blowing the car body, and after the inner surface and the outer surface of the car body are blown and cleaned, floating ash, impurities and particles are avoided.
8) Spraying dark paint: spraying base color paint on the car body after wiping, and keeping the temperature of a spray booth at 21-25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth at 60-80%, the wind speed of the spray booth at 0.3-0.4m/s, the paint temperature at 21-25 ℃ and the viscosity standard of the dark color paint within +/-0.5 s in the spraying process; after spraying, the vehicle body needs to be flashed and leveled, and the leveling time is 8 minutes; the thickness of a single film of the dark colored paint is more than or equal to 15 mu m;
9) varnish spraying: after the vehicle body is dried, spraying varnish, wherein the temperature of a spray booth is kept at 21-25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth is kept at 60-80%, the wind speed of the spray booth is 0.3-0.4m/s, the temperature of paint is kept at 21-25 ℃, the viscosity of varnish paint is +/-0.5 s within a standard, after the vehicle body is sprayed, the vehicle body needs to be dried and leveled, and the leveling time is guaranteed to be not less than 100 min;
10) shielding and dismantling: and (3) removing the shielding film and the color separation adhesive tape under the condition of dry surface, wherein the damage to the paint surface is ensured in the removing process and the removing is completed quickly.
11) Drying: after the shielding is removed, the vehicle body is heated by a drying furnace to convert a paint film into a solid state, and the drying process needs to ensure that the temperature of the vehicle body is 65-85 ℃ and the drying time is 90-120 min;
12) finish paint fine grinding: after the deep color finish paint is finished, performing dry polishing on the whole vehicle by using P1200-P1500 sand paper in cooperation with a pneumatic polisher to remove the defects of a paint film, eliminate orange peel textures and increase the adhesive force between coatings;
13) blowing and wiping the vehicle body: before the secondary varnish is sprayed, the inner surface and the outer surface of the vehicle body are wiped, the vehicle body is blown clean by using oil-free and water-free compressed air, and the inner surface and the outer surface of the vehicle body after being blown clean are clean and free of floating ash, impurities and particles.
14) Spraying secondary varnish: after wiping, the vehicle body is sprayed with base paint, the temperature of a spray booth is kept between 21 and 25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth is kept between 60 and 80 percent, the wind speed of the spray booth is 0.3 to 0.4m/s, the temperature of the paint is 21 to 25 ℃, and the viscosity of the varnish paint is within +/-0.5 s; after spraying, the car body needs to be flashed and leveled, and the leveling time is guaranteed to be not less than 8 minutes.
15) Drying: after the leveling is finished, the car body is heated by a drying furnace to enable a paint film to be converted into a solid state, and the temperature of the car body is required to be 65-85 ℃ in the drying process, and the drying time is 90-120 min;
16) finish paint fine grinding: after finishing the second finish coat, performing dry polishing on the whole vehicle by using P1200-P1500 sand paper in cooperation with a pneumatic polisher to remove the defects of a paint film, eliminate orange peel textures and increase the adhesive force between coatings;
17) blowing and wiping the vehicle body: the inner surface and the outer surface of the vehicle body are cleaned before final varnish spraying, the vehicle body is blown clean by using oil-free and water-free compressed air, and the inner surface and the outer surface of the vehicle body after being blown clean are clean and free of floating ash, impurities and particles.
18) And (3) varnish spraying for the third time: and (3) spraying varnish on the vehicle body after wiping, keeping the temperature of a spray booth at 21-25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth at 60-80%, the wind speed of the spray booth at 0.3-0.4m/s, the paint temperature at 21-25 ℃, and the viscosity of varnish paint within +/-0.5 s in a standard during spraying, wherein the vehicle body needs to be flashed and leveled after spraying, and the leveling time is guaranteed to be not less than 8 minutes.
19) And (3) drying finish paint: and after the leveling is finished, the car body is heated by a drying furnace to enable the paint film to be converted into a solid state, and the car body is dried for 90-120min at 65-85 ℃ in the drying process.
20) Finish paint fine modification and rough grinding: dry polishing is carried out by using P1200-P1500 sand paper until the texture of the orange peel is eliminated, and then the whole vehicle is wiped;
21) fine finishing and polishing finish paint: performing fine wet polishing on the paint surface by using P2500-P3000 sand paper until all coarse polishing marks are eliminated, and then wiping the whole vehicle;
22) finish paint fine modification and rough polishing: carrying out rough polishing on the whole car by using an electric polishing machine, 8-inch rough polishing sponge and rough wax to eliminate polishing marks of the whole car, and then wiping the whole car by using a fiber towel;
23) finish paint fine modification and fine polishing: polishing the whole vehicle by using an electric polishing machine, 8-inch fine polishing sponge and fine polishing wax to eliminate polishing marks of the whole vehicle, and then wiping the whole vehicle by using a fiber towel;
24) finish fine modification superfine mirror polishing: an electric polishing machine, 8-inch superfine polishing sponge and mirror wax are used for carrying out fine polishing on the whole vehicle to eliminate all diffraction marks, and then an ultrafine fiber towel is used for wiping.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method can be used for operating plane parts, can ensure accurate position, clear boundary, no sawtooth and no paint accumulation in the whole process of parts with complex shapes such as a composite curved surface, an inner opening and the like, has no ladder feeling at the color register part after the whole vehicle is sprayed, has no color separation trace when being touched by hands, and improves the texture of the whole luxury vehicle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a color-separated part of a vehicle body painted by the process of color register painting of a multi-color vehicle body.
FIG. 2 is a standard plot of viscosity for a basecoat paint;
FIG. 3 is a standard curve of the viscosity of a light color paint;
FIG. 4 is a dark paint viscosity standard curve;
FIG. 5 is a viscosity standard curve for a varnish paint.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained and illustrated below by way of specific examples.
The invention mainly comprises three main steps of electrophoresis, middle coating spraying and color separation colored paint spraying:
one, electrophoresis
1) Manual pre-cleaning: the inner and outer surfaces of the vehicle body are pre-cleaned by spraying a high-pressure water gun, and no obvious oil stain, dust, scrap iron and impurities exist after cleaning; the high-pressure water gun has the following spraying pressure: 50-100bar, the temperature of a water tank for supplying water by a high-pressure water gun is 40-47 ℃;
2) pre-degreasing: immersing the vehicle body into pre-degreasing bath solution with a total alkali point of 8-15 and a pH value of 10-13, keeping the temperature of the bath solution at 50-57 ℃, and soaking for: 278s
3) Degreasing: immersing the vehicle body into degreasing bath solution with a total alkali point of 8-15 and a pH value of 10-13, keeping the temperature of the bath solution at 50-57 ℃, and soaking for: 466s
4) And (3) industrial water washing: immersing the car body into a water washing tank liquor with the pH value of 7.5-9.5, the alkali stain of less than 1.5Pt and the accelerator point of 0.6-2.0Pt, wherein the soaking time is as follows: 248s
5) Surface conditioning: immersing the vehicle body into surface conditioning bath solution with the conductivity of 1400 +/-600 mu s/cm, the pH value of 8.5-10 and the Zn point of 10-14, wherein the immersion time is as follows: 238s of the number of the first and second groups,
6) phosphorization: immersing the car body into phosphating tank liquor with total acid point of 20-24Pt, free acid point of 1.0-1.6Pt and accelerator point of 2.5-3.0Pt, wherein the temperature of the tank liquor is kept at 46-52 ℃ in the immersion process of the car body, and the immersion time is as follows: 325 s; the phosphatized car body needs to be guaranteed:the weight of the phosphating film is 2-5g/m2The size of the phosphorization crystal is 3-10 mu m;
7) pure water washing for the first time: immersing the car body into pure water washing tank liquor with acid stain less than 1.5Pt, pH value more than 5 and electric conductivity less than 30 mu s/cm, wherein the immersion time is as follows: 244s
8) And (3) pure water washing for the second time: immersing the car body into pure water washing tank liquor with acid stain less than 1.5Pt, pH value more than 5 and electric conductivity less than 30 mu s/cm, wherein the immersion time is as follows: 345s
9) Electrophoresis, namely immersing the car body into electrophoresis bath solution with the solid content of 19-23%, the pH value of 5.6-6.6, the ash content of 15-20%, the MEQ of 25-30, the solvent content of 0.6-1.5% and the bath solution conductivity (1100-2000) mu s/cm, wherein the bath solution temperature is kept at 30-32 ℃ in the immersion process of the car body, the electrophoresis process adopts three-stage voltage step control, and one-stage voltage is ensured at 80-150V for 60-80 s; the two-stage voltage is ensured at 180-240V for 60-120 s; the three-stage voltage is ensured at 290V at 250 and 340s at time 280; the car body is connected with the cathode, and the corresponding anode needs to ensure that: the conductivity of the anolyte is less than 700 mu s/cm, and the pH value of the anolyte is 2-6; total immersion time in the electrophoresis step: 642 s;
10) ultrafiltration and water washing: and (3) carrying out ultrafiltration on the car body in a washing tank solution for soaking time: 246s of the total number of the first and second groups,
11) pure water washing for the first time: immersing the car body into pure water washing tank liquor with the conductivity less than 150 mu s/cm, wherein the immersion time is as follows: 245s of the first and second containers, and,
12) and (3) pure water washing for the second time: immersing the car body into pure water washing tank liquor with the electric conductivity less than 150 mu s/cm, wherein the immersion time is as follows: 246s of the total number of the first and second groups,
13) electrophoretic drying: after washing with pure water, drying a paint film of the car body, wherein the temperature of the car body is required to be 160-170 ℃ in the drying process and is kept in the temperature range for 20-25 min; the dried electrophoretic paint needs to be guaranteed: the adhesive force of a paint film is less than or equal to grade 1, the hardness of the paint film is more than or equal to 350g, the thick plane of the paint film is more than or equal to 15 mu m, and the vertical plane of the paint film is more than or equal to 18 mu m;
14) electrophoresis inspection and polishing: the electrophoresis defects were manually round-ground using a lemon grinding block plus P320 sandpaper, 40 μ sandpaper.
II, middle coating spraying:
1) blowing and wiping before floating coating: before the vehicle body enters the middle coating and spraying, the inner surface and the outer surface of the vehicle body are wiped by using viscous wiping cloth by using an s-shaped wiping method, and the vehicle body is clean and free of floating ash, impurities and particles after wiping;
2) middle coating and spraying: and (3) after wiping, spraying middle paint on the vehicle body, keeping the temperature of a paint spraying chamber at 21-25 ℃, the humidity of the paint spraying chamber at 60-80%, and the wind speed of the paint spraying chamber at 0.3-0.4m/s in the spraying process, keeping the temperature of the paint at 21-25 ℃ in the spraying process, and keeping the viscosity of the middle paint within +/-0.5 s (as shown in a middle paint viscosity standard curve in figure 1), wherein the vehicle body needs to be subjected to flash drying and leveling after being sprayed, and the leveling time is ensured to be not less than 8 minutes.
3) Middle coating and drying: after the leveling is finished, the car body is heated by a drying furnace to enable a paint film to be converted into a solid state, and the temperature of the car body is required to be kept at 75-85 ℃ in the drying process, and the drying time is 30-45 min; the total film thickness of the surface of the body of the middle coating after drying is more than or equal to 55 mu m, and the thickness of the single film of the middle coating is as follows: the vertical surface is more than or equal to 35 mu m, and the plane is more than or equal to 40 mu m; the adhesive force of a paint film is less than or equal to grade 1, and the hardness of the paint film is more than or equal to 100g
4) Middle coating inspection and water polishing: manually using P600 and P800 sandpaper to round and polish the floating coat defects.
5) Coating and blowing in the car body: the inner surface and the outer surface of the car body are cleaned before the colored paint is sprayed, the car body is blown clean by oil-free and water-free compressed air, and the inner surface and the outer surface of the car body are clean and free of floating ash, impurities and particles after the car body is blown clean.
Three, color paint spraying
1) Spraying light paint: carrying out color paint spraying after the intermediate coating is finished, preferably carrying out the light color part spraying of the double-color car in order to ensure that the visual effect is uniform after the whole car is finished, wherein the temperature of a spray booth is kept at 21-25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth is kept at 60-80%, the wind speed of the spray booth is kept at 0.3-0.4m/s, the temperature of paint used for spraying is 21-25 ℃, and the viscosity of the light color paint is within +/-0.5 s; the single film thickness of the light paint is more than or equal to 15 mu m;
2) varnish spraying: and (3) spraying varnish on the vehicle body after wiping, keeping the temperature of a spray booth at 21-25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth at 60-80%, the wind speed of the spray booth at 0.3-0.4m/s, the paint temperature at 21-25 ℃, and the viscosity of varnish paint within +/-0.5 s in a standard during spraying, wherein the vehicle body needs to be flashed and leveled after spraying, and the leveling time is guaranteed to be not less than 8 minutes.
3) Drying: and after the leveling is finished, the car body is heated by a drying furnace to enable the paint film to be converted into a solid state, and the drying process needs to ensure that the temperature of the car body is 65-85 ℃ and the drying time is 90-120 min.
4) Finely polishing finish paint at the lap joint part: after finishing the light-color paint, performing dry polishing on the whole vehicle by using P1200-P1500 sand paper in cooperation with a pneumatic polisher to remove the defects of a paint film, eliminate orange peel textures and increase the adhesive force between coatings;
5) manufacturing a color separation line: aiming at the boundary of the color register modeling part, a color separation line is manufactured by sticking a color separation adhesive tape, the tensile strength of the used color separation adhesive tape is more than 38N/10mm, the adhesive force between coatings is more than 2.2N/10mm and is not more than 3.8N/10mm, and the deformation rate is not more than 15%;
6) shading with light paint: preventing the paint mist from polluting the original paint surface when deep-color paint is sprayed subsequently, and completely shielding the light-color part along the boundary line by using a shielding film, wherein the thickness of the used shielding film is not more than 50 mu m; longitudinal tensile strength is not less than 4500psi, transverse longitudinal tensile strength is not less than 2800psi, and heat resistance is not less than 160 ℃ for 30 minutes;
7) blowing and wiping the vehicle body: before the deep color finish paint is sprayed, the inner surface and the outer surface of the car body are cleaned, oil-free and water-free compressed air is used for blowing the car body, and after the inner surface and the outer surface of the car body are blown and cleaned, floating ash, impurities and particles are avoided.
8) Spraying dark paint: spraying base color paint on the car body after wiping, and keeping the temperature of a spray booth at 21-25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth at 60-80%, the wind speed of the spray booth at 0.3-0.4m/s, the paint temperature at 21-25 ℃ and the viscosity standard of the dark color paint within +/-0.5 s in the spraying process; after spraying, the vehicle body needs to be flashed and leveled, and the leveling time is 8 minutes; the thickness of a single film of the dark colored paint is more than or equal to 15 mu m;
9) varnish spraying: after the vehicle body is dried, spraying varnish, keeping the temperature of a spray booth at 21-25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth at 60-80%, the wind speed of the spray booth at 0.3-0.4m/s, the temperature of paint at 21-25 ℃, and the viscosity standard of the paint within +/-0.5 s during the spraying process, wherein the vehicle body needs to be dried and leveled after being sprayed, and the leveling time is guaranteed to be not less than 100 min;
10) shielding and dismantling: and (3) removing the shielding film and the color separation adhesive tape under the condition of dry surface, wherein the damage to the paint surface is ensured in the removing process and the removing is completed quickly.
11) Drying: after the shielding is removed, the vehicle body is heated by a drying furnace to convert a paint film into a solid state, and the drying process needs to ensure that the temperature of the vehicle body is 65-85 ℃ and the drying time is 90-120 min;
12) finish paint fine grinding: after the deep color finish paint is finished, performing dry polishing on the whole vehicle by using P1200-P1500 sand paper in cooperation with a pneumatic polisher to remove the defects of a paint film, eliminate orange peel textures and increase the adhesive force between coatings;
13) blowing and wiping the vehicle body: before the secondary varnish is sprayed, the inner surface and the outer surface of the vehicle body are wiped, the vehicle body is blown clean by using oil-free and water-free compressed air, and the inner surface and the outer surface of the vehicle body after being blown clean are clean and free of floating ash, impurities and particles.
14) Spraying secondary varnish: after wiping, the vehicle body is sprayed with base paint, the temperature of a spray booth is kept between 21 and 25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth is kept between 60 and 80 percent, the wind speed of the spray booth is 0.3 to 0.4m/s, the temperature of the paint is 21 to 25 ℃, and the viscosity of the varnish paint is within +/-0.5 s; after spraying, the car body needs to be flashed and leveled, and the leveling time is guaranteed to be not less than 8 minutes.
15) Drying: after the leveling is finished, the car body is heated by a drying furnace to enable a paint film to be converted into a solid state, and the temperature of the car body is required to be 65-85 ℃ in the drying process, and the drying time is 90-120 min;
16) finish paint fine grinding: after finishing the second finish coat, performing dry polishing on the whole vehicle by using P1200-P1500 sand paper in cooperation with a pneumatic polisher to remove the defects of a paint film, eliminate orange peel textures and increase the adhesive force between coatings;
17) blowing and wiping the vehicle body: the inner surface and the outer surface of the vehicle body are cleaned before final varnish spraying, the vehicle body is blown clean by using oil-free and water-free compressed air, and the inner surface and the outer surface of the vehicle body after being blown clean are clean and free of floating ash, impurities and particles.
18) And (3) varnish spraying for the third time: and (3) spraying varnish on the vehicle body after wiping, keeping the temperature of a spray booth at 21-25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth at 60-80%, the wind speed of the spray booth at 0.3-0.4m/s, the paint temperature at 21-25 ℃, and the viscosity of varnish paint within +/-0.5 s in a standard during spraying, wherein the vehicle body needs to be flashed and leveled after spraying, and the leveling time is guaranteed to be not less than 8 minutes.
19) And (3) drying finish paint: and after the leveling is finished, the car body is heated by a drying furnace to enable the paint film to be converted into a solid state, and the car body is dried for 90-120min at 65-85 ℃ in the drying process.
20) Finish paint fine modification and rough grinding: dry polishing is carried out by using P1200-P1500 sand paper until the texture of the orange peel is eliminated, and then the whole vehicle is wiped;
21) fine finishing and polishing finish paint: performing fine wet polishing on the paint surface by using P2500-P3000 sand paper until all coarse polishing marks are eliminated, and then wiping the whole vehicle;
22) finish paint fine modification and rough polishing: carrying out rough polishing on the whole car by using an electric polishing machine, 8-inch rough polishing sponge and rough wax to eliminate polishing marks of the whole car, and then wiping the whole car by using a fiber towel;
23) finish paint fine modification and fine polishing: polishing the whole vehicle by using an electric polishing machine, 8-inch fine polishing sponge and fine polishing wax to eliminate polishing marks of the whole vehicle, and then wiping the whole vehicle by using a fiber towel;
24) finish fine modification superfine mirror polishing: an electric polishing machine, 8-inch superfine polishing sponge and mirror wax are used for carrying out fine polishing on the whole vehicle to eliminate all diffraction marks, and then an ultrafine fiber towel is used for wiping.
As shown in figure 1, after the coating method is adopted, the boundary of the color separation part is clear, no sawtooth exists, no paint build-up phenomenon exists, the paint surface is flat and bright, the color register part does not have step feeling after the whole vehicle is coated, no color separation trace exists when the whole vehicle is touched by hands, and the texture of the whole vehicle of a luxurious vehicle type is improved.
The steps of spraying the light color paint and then spraying the dark color paint are adopted in the steps of the embodiment, but for the spraying sequence of the dark and light color paint, only the color difference influence is generated on the color, and the color separation state and the sprayed effect are not influenced.
The viscosity criteria for the intercoat paint are shown in Table 1 and the curves are shown in FIG. 2:
TABLE 1
| Temperature (. degree.C.) | 20 | 22 | 24 | 26 |
| Viscosity(s) | 23.5 | 22.7 | 21.6 | 21.1 |
The viscosity criteria for the light color paint are shown in Table 2 and the curves are shown in FIG. 3:
TABLE 2
| Temperature (. degree.C.) | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
| Viscosity(s) | 21.1 | 20.8 | 20.8 | 20.4 | 20.2 |
The dark paint viscosity criteria are shown in Table 3 and the curves are shown in FIG. 4:
TABLE 3
| Temperature (. degree.C.) | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
| Viscosity(s) | 20.00 | 19.80 | 19.70 | 19.50 | 19.20 |
Varnish paint viscosity criteria are shown in table 4, and the curves are shown in figure 5:
TABLE 4
| Temperature (. degree.C.) | 20 | 22 | 24 | 26 |
| Viscosity(s) | 16.8 | 16.2 | 15.5 | 15.2 |
The viscosity values of the paints according to the invention are obtained by measuring with a smear-4 cup method.
Claims (3)
1. A process method for color register coating of a multi-color automobile body of an automobile comprises the following specific steps: sequentially carrying out electrophoresis, intermediate coat spraying and colored paint spraying, wherein the specific method for colored paint spraying comprises the following steps:
1) spraying light paint: carrying out color paint spraying after the intermediate coating is finished, preferably carrying out the light color part spraying of the double-color car in order to ensure that the visual effect is uniform after the whole car is finished, wherein the temperature of a spray booth is kept at 21-25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth is kept at 60-80%, the wind speed of the spray booth is kept at 0.3-0.4m/s, the temperature of paint used for spraying is 21-25 ℃, and the viscosity of the light color paint is within +/-0.5 s; the single film thickness of the light paint is more than or equal to 15 mu m;
2) varnish spraying: spraying varnish on the vehicle body after wiping, keeping the temperature of a spray booth at 21-25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth at 60-80%, the wind speed of the spray booth at 0.3-0.4m/s, the paint temperature at 21-25 ℃, and the viscosity of varnish within +/-0.5 s in a standard during spraying, wherein the vehicle body needs to be flashed and leveled after spraying, and the leveling time is guaranteed to be not less than 8 minutes;
3) drying: after the leveling is finished, the car body is heated by a drying furnace to enable a paint film to be converted into a solid state, and the temperature of the car body is required to be 65-85 ℃ in the drying process, and the drying time is 90-120 min;
4) finely polishing finish paint at the lap joint part: after finishing the light-color paint, performing dry polishing on the whole vehicle by using P1200-P1500 sand paper in cooperation with a pneumatic polisher to remove the defects of a paint film, eliminate orange peel textures and increase the adhesive force between coatings;
5) manufacturing a color separation line: aiming at the boundary of the color register modeling part, a color separation line is manufactured by sticking a color separation adhesive tape, the tensile strength of the used color separation adhesive tape is more than 38N/10mm, the adhesive force between coatings is more than 2.2N/10mm and is not more than 3.8N/10mm, and the deformation rate is not more than 15%;
6) shading with light paint: preventing the paint mist from polluting the original paint surface when deep-color paint is sprayed subsequently, and completely shielding the light-color part along the boundary line by using a shielding film, wherein the thickness of the used shielding film is not more than 50 mu m; longitudinal tensile strength is not less than 4500psi, transverse longitudinal tensile strength is not less than 2800psi, and heat resistance is not less than 160 ℃ for 30 minutes;
7) blowing and wiping the vehicle body: wiping the inner and outer surfaces of the car body before spraying the deep color finish paint, blowing the car body by using oil-free and water-free compressed air, and cleaning the inner and outer surfaces of the car body without floating ash, impurities and particles after blowing;
8) spraying dark paint: spraying base color paint on the car body after wiping, and keeping the temperature of a spray booth at 21-25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth at 60-80%, the wind speed of the spray booth at 0.3-0.4m/s, the paint temperature at 21-25 ℃ and the viscosity standard of the dark color paint within +/-0.5 s in the spraying process; after spraying, the vehicle body needs to be flashed and leveled, and the leveling time is 8 minutes; the thickness of a single film of the dark colored paint is more than or equal to 15 mu m;
9) varnish spraying: after the vehicle body is dried, spraying varnish, wherein the temperature of a spray booth is kept at 21-25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth is kept at 60-80%, the wind speed of the spray booth is 0.3-0.4m/s, the temperature of paint is kept at 21-25 ℃, the viscosity of varnish paint is +/-0.5 s within a standard, after the vehicle body is sprayed, the vehicle body needs to be dried and leveled, and the leveling time is guaranteed to be not less than 100 min;
10) shielding and dismantling: removing the shielding film and the color separation adhesive tape under the condition of dry surface, wherein the paint surface is ensured to be undamaged and completed quickly in the removing process;
11) drying: after the shielding is removed, the vehicle body is heated by a drying furnace to convert a paint film into a solid state, and the drying process needs to ensure that the temperature of the vehicle body is 65-85 ℃ and the drying time is 90-120 min;
12) finish paint fine grinding: after the deep color finish paint is finished, performing dry polishing on the whole vehicle by using P1200-P1500 sand paper in cooperation with a pneumatic polisher to remove the defects of a paint film, eliminate orange peel textures and increase the adhesive force between coatings;
13) blowing and wiping the vehicle body: wiping the inner and outer surfaces of the vehicle body before spraying the secondary varnish, blowing the vehicle body by using oil-free and water-free compressed air, and cleaning the inner and outer surfaces of the vehicle body without floating ash, impurities and particles after blowing;
14) spraying secondary varnish: after wiping, the vehicle body is sprayed with base paint, the temperature of a spray booth is kept between 21 and 25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth is kept between 60 and 80 percent, the wind speed of the spray booth is 0.3 to 0.4m/s, the temperature of the paint is 21 to 25 ℃, and the viscosity of the varnish paint is within +/-0.5 s; after spraying, the vehicle body needs to be flashed and leveled, and the leveling time is guaranteed to be not less than 8 minutes;
15) drying: after the leveling is finished, the car body is heated by a drying furnace to enable a paint film to be converted into a solid state, and the temperature of the car body is required to be 65-85 ℃ in the drying process, and the drying time is 90-120 min;
16) finish paint fine grinding: after finishing the second finish coat, performing dry polishing on the whole vehicle by using P1200-P1500 sand paper in cooperation with a pneumatic polisher to remove the defects of a paint film, eliminate orange peel textures and increase the adhesive force between coatings;
17) blowing and wiping the vehicle body: wiping the inner and outer surfaces of the vehicle body before final varnish spraying, blowing the vehicle body by using oil-free and water-free compressed air, and cleaning the inner and outer surfaces of the vehicle body without floating ash, impurities and particles after blowing;
18) and (3) varnish spraying for the third time: spraying varnish on the vehicle body after wiping, keeping the temperature of a spray booth at 21-25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth at 60-80%, the wind speed of the spray booth at 0.3-0.4m/s, the paint temperature at 21-25 ℃, and the viscosity of varnish within +/-0.5 s in a standard during spraying, wherein the vehicle body needs to be flashed and leveled after spraying, and the leveling time is guaranteed to be not less than 8 minutes;
19) and (3) drying finish paint: after the leveling is finished, the vehicle body is heated by a drying furnace to enable a paint film to be converted into a solid state, and the vehicle body is dried for 90-120min at 65-85 ℃ in the drying process;
20) finish paint fine modification and rough grinding: dry polishing is carried out by using P1200-P1500 sand paper until the texture of the orange peel is eliminated, and then the whole vehicle is wiped;
21) fine finishing and polishing finish paint: performing fine wet polishing on the paint surface by using P2500-P3000 sand paper until all coarse polishing marks are eliminated, and then wiping the whole vehicle;
22) finish paint fine modification and rough polishing: carrying out rough polishing on the whole car by using an electric polishing machine, 8-inch rough polishing sponge and rough wax to eliminate polishing marks of the whole car, and then wiping the whole car by using a fiber towel;
23) finish paint fine modification and fine polishing: polishing the whole vehicle by using an electric polishing machine, 8-inch fine polishing sponge and fine polishing wax to eliminate polishing marks of the whole vehicle, and then wiping the whole vehicle by using a fiber towel;
24) finish fine modification superfine mirror polishing: an electric polishing machine, 8-inch superfine polishing sponge and mirror wax are used for carrying out fine polishing on the whole vehicle to eliminate all diffraction marks, and then an ultrafine fiber towel is used for wiping.
2. The process of color register coating of automotive multicolor bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that the steps of electrophoresis are as follows:
1) manual pre-cleaning: the inner and outer surfaces of the vehicle body are pre-cleaned by spraying a high-pressure water gun, and no obvious oil stain, dust, scrap iron and impurities exist after cleaning; the high-pressure water gun has the following spraying pressure: 50-100bar, the temperature of a water tank for supplying water by a high-pressure water gun is 40-47 ℃;
2) pre-degreasing: immersing the vehicle body into pre-degreasing bath solution with a total alkali point of 8-15 and a pH value of 10-13, keeping the temperature of the bath solution at 50-57 ℃, and soaking for: 278s
3) Degreasing: immersing the vehicle body into degreasing bath solution with a total alkali point of 8-15 and a pH value of 10-13, keeping the temperature of the bath solution at 50-57 ℃, and soaking for: 466s
4) And (3) industrial water washing: immersing the car body into a water washing tank liquor with the pH value of 7.5-9.5, the alkali stain of less than 1.5Pt and the accelerator point of 0.6-2.0Pt, wherein the soaking time is as follows: 248s
5) Surface conditioning: immersing the vehicle body into surface conditioning bath solution with the conductivity of 1400 +/-600 mu s/cm, the pH value of 8.5-10 and the Zn point of 10-14, wherein the immersion time is as follows: 238s of the number of the first and second groups,
6) phosphorization: immersing the car body into phosphating tank liquor with total acid point of 20-24Pt, free acid point of 1.0-1.6Pt and accelerator point of 2.5-3.0Pt, wherein the temperature of the tank liquor is kept at 46-52 ℃ in the immersion process of the car body, and the immersion time is as follows: 325 s; the phosphatized car body needs to be guaranteed: the weight of the phosphating film is 2-5g/m2, and the size of phosphating crystal is 3-10 mu m;
7) pure water washing for the first time: immersing the car body into pure water washing tank liquor with acid stain less than 1.5Pt, pH value more than 5 and electric conductivity less than 30 mu s/cm, wherein the immersion time is as follows: 244s
8) And (3) pure water washing for the second time: immersing the car body into pure water washing tank liquor with acid stain less than 1.5Pt, pH value more than 5 and electric conductivity less than 30 mu s/cm, wherein the immersion time is as follows: 345s
9) Electrophoresis, namely immersing the car body into electrophoresis bath solution with the solid content of 19-23%, the pH value of 5.6-6.6, the ash content of 15-20%, the MEQ of 25-30, the solvent content of 0.6-1.5% and the bath solution conductivity (1100-2000) mu s/cm, wherein the bath solution temperature is kept at 30-32 ℃ in the immersion process of the car body, the electrophoresis process adopts three-stage voltage step control, and one-stage voltage is ensured at 80-150V for 60-80 s; the two-stage voltage is ensured at 180-240V for 60-120 s; the three-stage voltage is ensured at 290V at 250 and 340s at time 280; the car body is connected with the cathode, and the corresponding anode needs to ensure that: the conductivity of the anolyte is less than 700 mu s/cm, and the pH value of the anolyte is 2-6; total immersion time in the electrophoresis step: 642 s;
10) ultrafiltration and water washing: and (3) carrying out ultrafiltration on the car body in a washing tank solution for soaking time: 246s of the total number of the first and second groups,
11) pure water washing for the first time: immersing the car body into pure water washing tank liquor with the conductivity less than 150 mu s/cm, wherein the immersion time is as follows: 245s of the first and second containers, and,
12) and (3) pure water washing for the second time: immersing the car body into pure water washing tank liquor with the electric conductivity less than 150 mu s/cm, wherein the immersion time is as follows: 246s of the total number of the first and second groups,
13) electrophoretic drying: after washing with pure water, drying a paint film of the car body, wherein the temperature of the car body is required to be 160-170 ℃ in the drying process and is kept in the temperature range for 20-25 min; the dried electrophoretic paint needs to be guaranteed: the adhesive force of a paint film is less than or equal to grade 1, the hardness of the paint film is more than or equal to 350g, the thick plane of the paint film is more than or equal to 15 mu m, and the vertical plane of the paint film is more than or equal to 18 mu m;
14) electrophoresis inspection and polishing: the electrophoresis defects were manually round-ground using a lemon grinding block plus P320 sandpaper, 40 μ sandpaper.
3. The process method for the chromatic coating of the multicolor automobile body of the automobile according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the specific steps of the intermediate coating spraying are as follows:
1) blowing and wiping before floating coating: before the vehicle body enters the middle coating and spraying, the inner surface and the outer surface of the vehicle body are wiped by using viscous wiping cloth by using an s-shaped wiping method, and the vehicle body is clean and free of floating ash, impurities and particles after wiping;
2) middle coating and spraying: after wiping, the vehicle body is sprayed with a primer, the temperature of a spray booth is kept at 21-25 ℃, the humidity of the spray booth is kept at 60-80%, the wind speed of the spray booth is 0.3-0.4m/s, the temperature of the paint is kept at 21-25 ℃ in the spraying process, the viscosity standard of the primer is +/-0.5 s (as shown in figure 1, a primer viscosity standard curve is shown), the vehicle body needs to be flashed and leveled after spraying, and the leveling time is guaranteed to be not less than 8 minutes;
3) middle coating and drying: after the leveling is finished, the car body is heated by a drying furnace to enable a paint film to be converted into a solid state, and the temperature of the car body is required to be kept at 75-85 ℃ in the drying process, and the drying time is 30-45 min; the total film thickness of the surface of the body of the middle coating after drying is more than or equal to 55 mu m, and the thickness of the single film of the middle coating is as follows: the vertical surface is more than or equal to 35 mu m, and the plane is more than or equal to 40 mu m; the adhesive force of a paint film is less than or equal to grade 1, and the hardness of the paint film is more than or equal to 100g
4) Middle coating inspection and water polishing: manually polishing the center coating defects by using P600 and P800 sandpaper;
5) coating and blowing in the car body: the inner surface and the outer surface of the car body are cleaned before the colored paint is sprayed, the car body is blown clean by oil-free and water-free compressed air, and the inner surface and the outer surface of the car body are clean and free of floating ash, impurities and particles after the car body is blown clean.
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| CN112264279A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-26 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Flexible color register coating process for automobile body |
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