CN114223084A - 将第一控制单元的数据与第二控制单元调准以确定精确的预测值的方法 - Google Patents

将第一控制单元的数据与第二控制单元调准以确定精确的预测值的方法 Download PDF

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CN114223084A
CN114223084A CN202080058525.4A CN202080058525A CN114223084A CN 114223084 A CN114223084 A CN 114223084A CN 202080058525 A CN202080058525 A CN 202080058525A CN 114223084 A CN114223084 A CN 114223084A
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energy storage
electrical energy
voltage
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C·沃尔
V·德格
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于将用于对带有多个电化学的储能器的电气的储能器单元进行控制的第一控制单元的数据与第二控制单元调准以确定精确的预测值的方法。

Description

将第一控制单元的数据与第二控制单元调准以确定精确的预 测值的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及按照独立权利要求的前序部分所述的一种用于将用于对带有多个电化学的储能器的电气的储能器单元进行控制的第一控制单元的数据与第二控制单元调准以用于确定精确的预测值的方法、一种用于运行电气的储能器单元的装置以及所述方法的应用。
背景技术
在当今的电池控制器(BCU)的电池管理系统(BMS)的软件-程序状态中,除了用于运行电池的功能外还包含了相关的初始参数化(Erst-Bedatung)。数据涉及针对电流或温度的阈值、电池模型的参数、多种多样的特征曲线、特性曲线族、因子(Faktor)。因为在电池的准确的状态描述中,它们的“历史特性”也扮演着重要的角色,所以电化学的模型的参数化极为耗费。数据尤其基于广泛的实验室测量和车辆测量,它们考虑到了不同的老化状态和老化方法,以便能够预测尤其尽可能准确的充电状态(SoC)和因此准确的车辆有效距离。为此所需的数据现如今仅不完整地储存在电池控制器中,为简单起见例如取代必需的特性曲线族而使用因子,因为电池控制器存储器中的巨大的数据量占用了过多的存储空间。但这导致了所预测的车辆有效距离不准确。
文献CN 104816813公开了一种用于船用锂电池组的电池管理冗余控制系统。该电池管理冗余控制系统包括主控设备、从控设备、待命主控设备、电池组模块、无线的ZIGBEE冗余模块、上位机后台监控模块和独立的线路冗余模块。当总线无故障时,主控制器与从属控制器通过所述总线进行通信。主控制器与从属控制器在运行期间通过消息进行联络;当总线无故障时,主控设备在待命模式中与从控设备通过总线存在连接。在总线故障时,ZIGBEE无线电冗余模块采集蓄电池模块的状态关键参数并将所采集的数据上传给主控制器或待命模式中的主控制器。上位机后台监控模块用于监控电池参数和下载控制指令,并且独立的线路冗余模块用于通过上位机后台监控模块来直接控制或应急控制电池组模块。
文献DE 10 2013 209 443 A1公开了一种用于认证电池的测量数据的方法,该电池包括至少一个具有配属的模块控制器的电池模块和中央的控制器,该方法具有以下步骤:a)通过模块控制器来采集电池单元的测量数据;b)通过模块控制器来求取被设定用于认证测量数据的至少一个附加的信息载体;c)将测量数据和附加的信息载体从模块控制器传达给中央的控制器;d)通过中央的控制器根据附加的信息载体来验证测量数据。此外还说明了均被设定用于执行所述方法的一种数据结构、计算机程序和电池管理系统以及说明了一种电池和机动车,该机动车的驱动系统与这种电池相连接。
发明内容
本发明的任务是进一步改进现有技术。该任务通过独立权利要求的特征来解决。
具有独立权利要求的特征部分的特征的、用于将用于对带有多个电化学的储能器的电气的储能器单元进行控制的第一控制单元的数据与第二控制单元调准以用于确定精确的预测值的按本发明的方法有利地具有下列步骤:
a)借助第二控制单元的存储器针对电气的储能器单元的不同的老化阶段成组地提供电气的储能器单元的电化学的模型的大量的数据;
b)借助第一控制单元的存储器提供数据组中的至少一个数据组;
c)采集代表电化学的储能器的电压的第一电压参量;
d)形成所采集的第一电压参量的平均值;
e)如果在所采集的第一电压参量的所形成的平均值与借助通过第一控制单元的存储器所提供的数据组计算出的模型电压参量之间的电压差超过预定的阈值,则将第一控制单元的存储器的至少一个数据组与第二控制单元的存储器的数据组无线地调准。
由此能够借助第二控制单元的存储器提供电化学的模型的数据、例如电池模型参数,由此能够极为准确地描述电池的不同的老化程度。所述数据存放在第二控制单元的存储器中、例如云中,并且在特定的条件下分派给第一控制单元的存储器。有利地,控制单元的存储器不必扩展,只需集成与云的无线的数据连接。
在步骤c)期间,电化学的储能器的电压不应(高)动态地改变,因为这导致了电压值的被提高的测量不准确性。在带有电气的储能器单元的能电气地驱动的车辆中,在以恒定不变的速度行驶时用于采集电压的条件是最佳的。
在本发明的意义下的电气的储能器单元能够指的是带有多个电化学的储能器的储能器单元,要么能够从所述电化学的储能器提取电能,要么能够将电能输送给所述电化学的储能器并且从它们提取电能。电气的储能器构造为电荷存储器和/或构造为磁性的储能器和/或电化学的储能器。电化学的储能器尤其是能再充电的电池或蓄电池。
另外的有利的实施方式是从属权利要求的主题。
按本发明的方法还包括下列步骤:
f)采集代表电化学的储能器的电压的第二电压参量;
g)形成所采集的第二电压参量的平均值;
h)根据在所采集的第二电压参量的所形成的平均值与借助所调准的数据组计算出的模型电压参量之间的电压差来产生信号。
通过利用步骤f)至h)的比较测量例如在随后的行驶循环中能够确认,在调准数据之后是否还具有在所采集的第二电压参量的所形成的平均值与借助所调准数据组计算出的模型电压参量之间的偏差。由此能够提早确定在电气的储能器单元中的故障。如果未确定出相关的偏差,那么电气的储能器单元能够用所调准的数据组进一步运行。
有利地,如果电压差超过了预定的阈值,则所产生的信号是故障信号。如果在所采集的第二电压参量的所形成的平均值与借助所调准的数据组计算出的模型电压参量之间出现了超过预定的阈值的偏差,那么电气的储能器单元看起来具有故障。通过电气的、光学的、声学的和/或触觉的故障信号能够向电气的储能器单元的用户、例如带有电气的储能器单元的能电气地驱动的车辆的驾驶员指出故障,以便将电气的储能器单元带到车间进行核查。
按本发明的方法还包括下列步骤:
c.1)将代表电气的储能器单元的和/或电化学的储能器的循环老化和/或日历老化的所求出的使用参量与预定的阈值相比较;并且/或者
c.2)检查电气的储能器单元是否无故障地工作;
c.3)如果所求出的使用参量超过预定的阈值并且/或者电气的储能器单元无故障地工作,则执行步骤c)。
因为电化学的储能器的电池单体不是突然地老化,所以在带有电气的储能器单元的能电气地驱动的车辆的特定数量的行驶之后、例如在相应地20次行驶之后,和/或在预定的时间段之后、例如两周之后按照步骤c)执行比较测量是足够的。由此同样不仅考虑到了循环老化而且也考虑到了日历老化。
按本发明的方法还包括下列步骤:
d.1)摒弃所采集的电压参量的异常值。
电动车辆的电气的储能器单元由约100个彼此串联和/或并联连接的电化学的储能器构成。所有代表各个电化学的储能器的电压的电气的电压参量例如借助电压传感器来测量。在所有电压参量均存在之后,核查是否存在电压异常值,因为未将这些电压异常值记录到电化学的储能器的平均值的形成中。由此能够实现更精确的预测值。
按本发明的方法还包括下列步骤:
d.2)将所采集的电压参量的分散程度与预定的阈值相比较;
d.3)如果所述分散程度没有超过预定的阈值,则执行步骤d)。
如果电压参量的分散超过预定的阈值,那么在电化学的储能器之间需要充电状态均衡(平衡(Balancing))。通过所述核查能够实现与模型电压参量的所计算出的值的正确的比较,由此能够实现更精确的预测值。
按本发明的方法还包括下列步骤:
e.1)检查电气的储能器单元的当前的运行状态;
e.2)如果电气的储能器单元停止运行,则执行步骤e)。
有利地,如果电气的储能器单元例如直接在能电气地驱动的车辆的行驶结束之后停止运行,则执行第一控制单元的存储器的至少一个数据组与第二控制单元的存储器的数据组的调准。
此外,如果针对不同类型的电气的储能器单元的数据位于第二控制单元的存储器中,那么能够访问另外的第一控制单元。有利地,针对例如带有其他电池单体化学(Zellchemie)的新的电化学的储能器单元的数据也位于第二控制单元的存储器中,由此也在更换电气的储能器单元时也将针对相应的电化学模型的正确的数据提供用于数据的调准。如果电气的储能器单元的状态以如下方式改变,即:这种电气的储能器单元例如比电化学模型计算得更为强烈地老化,于是能够提供新的参数。此外,能够更好地考虑个性化的驾驶行为和/或所使用的充电策略以用于功率预测和车辆有效距离预测。
电化学的储能器的电化学的模型的数据包括一维的或多维的特性曲线族和/或参数、尤其是温度、电流、充电状态、健康状态。
由此能够在当前保持电化学的模型的数据,由此能够更为精确地实现功率预测和车辆有效距离预测,由此利用能电气地驱动的车辆实现更多的驾驶乐趣并且能够实现更高的车辆有效距离。
用于运行电气的储能器单元的按本发明的装置包括多个电化学的储能器、用于采集电化学的储能器的电气参量的至少一个传感器以及至少一个器件、尤其是用于控制电气的储能器单元的第一控制单元,它们设置用于执行按本发明的方法的步骤。
按本发明的方法有利地使用在针对电动车辆、混动车辆、插电式混动车辆、飞机、电动助力车或电动自行车、针对用于电信通信或数据处理的便携式装置、针对电气的手持式工具或厨用机器的电气的储能器系统中以及使用在用于对尤其再生式获取的电能进行储存的固定式的存储器中。
附图说明
本发明的实施例在附图中示出并且在接下来的说明书中更为详细地阐释。
其中:
图1示出了按本发明的装置的一种实施方式的示意图;并且
图2示出了数据组的示意图;
图3a示出了第一种电化学的模型的示意图;
图3b示出了第二种电化学的模型的示意图;
图4示出了按本发明的方法的实施方式的流程图。
具体实施方式
相同的附图标记标注在所有附图中表示相同的装置组件。
图1示出了按本发明的装置的实施方式的示意图。能电气地驱动的车辆100包括带有存储器的第一控制单元101、带有多个电化学的储能器103(1)、103(2)、103(n)的电气的储能器单元102,其中控制单元101与第二控制单元105例如借助无线电连接无线地通信。带有存储器的第二控制单元105在空间上与车辆分离,例如处在通过因特网提供的IT基础结构104(云计算)中。在第一控制单元101的存储器中主要存放着电气的储能器单元102和/或电化学的储能器103(1)、103(2)、103(n)的电化学的模型的数据。这些数据是与温度、电流、充电状态和另外的物理参量相关的特性曲线族、即多维的特性曲线族并且因此是非常存储密集的。
图2示出了数据组200的示例性的图示。数据根据从全新状态经由不同的老化程度直至电气的储能器单元由于其过低的剩余容量、例如80%而应当更换的状态的不同的电池老化阶段(SoH)进行分组(簇)。
所述组从借助电化学的模型所计算出的模型电压参量相对于所采集的电压参量、例如电气的储能器单元的借助电压传感器所测得的电压的差中得出。如果存在来自这两个电压参量的特定的电压差,所述电压差大于电压传感器的和信号处理的A/D转换器的测量精度,那么能够从下一组进行调准。
分组的粒度、必须进行比较测量的条件和比较测量的频率决定了按本发明的方法的质量。
传感器装置加电子器件具有约±25 mV的精度,这就是说,电池单体电压测量的测量精度约为50 mV。只有当在所计算的模型电压参量与所采集的电压参量之间的差大于这个50 mV时,才能够可靠地推定电压的偏差。
对于带有锂离子储能器103(1)、103(2)、103(n)的、在4.2V至约3V的电压范围中运行的电气的储能器单元102而言,理论上产生了约20个分组。另一方面,约10%的明显的充电状态降低在70 mV的电压差时才出现,由此得出了约10个分组。电气的储能器单元102从具有100%的充电容量的全新状态运行至具有80%的充电容量的老化状态。在均匀地划分这个范围时,产生了5%的步长和因此四个分组201、202、203、204,它们对于当今可用的锂离子储能器而言是足够的。
更精细的粒度能够有利地在对电化学的储能器103(1)、103(2)、103(n)进行老化测量和确定电化学的储能器的参数时利用额外耗费来实现。
图3a示出了第一电化学的模型300a的示意图。电气的储能器单元102的电化学的模型300a在第一控制单元101的电池管理系统中大多作为形式为空载电压源和R-RC元件的等效电路图模型绘出。另外的设计方案是带有与先前的RC元件串联连接的多个RC元件的电化学的模型300b,如图3b中所示的那样。因此,针对这些电化学的模型的参数是空载电压(UOCV)、两个电阻值(Ri和R1)以及电容器电容(C1)。
图4示出了按本发明的方法的一种实施方式的流程图,所述方法用于将用于对带有多个电化学的储能器103(1)、103(2)、103(n)的电气的储能器单元102进行控制的第一控制单元101的数据与第二控制单元105调准以用于确定精确的预测值。在步骤400中开始所述方法。在步骤401中,借助第二控制单元105的存储器针对电气的储能器单元102的不同的老化阶段成组地提供电气的储能器单元102的电化学的模型的大量的数据。
步骤402包括将所求出的使用参量与预定的阈值进行比较,该所求出的使用参量代表电气的储能器单元102的和/或电化学的储能器103(1)、103(2)、103(n)的循环老化和/或日历老化。此外,步骤402包括检查电气的储能器单元102是否无故障地工作。如果所求出的使用参量超过预定的阈值并且/或者电气的储能器单元102无故障地工作,则采集代表电化学的储能器103(1)、103(2)、103(n)的电压的第一电压参量。
此外,步骤402包括摒弃所采集的电压参量的异常值并且将所采集的电压参量的分散程度与预定的阈值相比较。如果分散程度没有超过预定的阈值,则在步骤403中形成所采集的第一电压参量的平均值。
在步骤404中检查,在所采集的第一电压参量的所形成的平均值与借助通过第一控制单元101的存储器所提供的数据组计算出的模型电压参量之间的电压差是否超过预定的阈值。如果超过阈值,则在步骤405中将第一控制单元101的存储器的至少一个数据组与第二控制单元105的存储器的数据组无线地调准,否则的话,在步骤402中继续所述方法。根据数据组的粒度来预定阈值。
通过对数据的调准,使得能够实现更精确地预测剩余有效距离和能提取的功率。此外,能够实现简单地与特定于构造变型方案的适配方案以及与新的电气的储能器单元相适配。
在步骤406中执行比较测量。为此,在步骤406中采集代表电化学的储能器103(1)、103(2)、103(n)的电压的第二电压参量并且形成所采集的第二电压参量的平均值。
步骤407包括根据在所采集的第二电压参量的所形成的平均值与借助所调准的数据组计算出的模型电压参量之间的电压差来产生信号。如果电压差超过预定的阈值,那么在步骤408中产生故障信号。
所述方法在步骤409中结束或者在步骤402中继续并且循环地重复。
有利地,按本发明的方法适用于实际上任意的电化学的储能器和原则上任意的汽车组件,所述汽车组件具有与外部的存储介质的连接、例如与云计算的连接。

Claims (10)

1.用于将用于对带有多个电化学的储能器(103(1)、103(2)、103(n))的电气的储能器单元(103)进行控制的第一控制单元(101)的数据(200)与第二控制单元(105)调准以用于确定精确的预测值的方法,包括下列步骤:
a)借助所述第二控制单元(105)的存储器针对所述电气的储能器单元(102)的不同的老化阶段成组(200)地提供(400)所述电气的储能器单元(103)的电化学的模型(300a、300b)的大量的数据(200);
b)借助所述第一控制单元(101)的存储器提供(401)数据组(200)中的至少一个数据组(201、202、203、204);
c)采集(402)代表所述电化学的储能器的电压的第一电压参量;
d)形成(403)所采集的第一电压参量的平均值;
e)如果在所述所采集的第一电压参量的所形成的平均值与借助通过所述第一控制单元(101)的存储器所提供的数据组计算出的模型电压参量之间的电压差超过预定的阈值,则将所述第一控制单元(101)的存储器的至少一个数据组与所述第二控制单元(105)的存储器的数据组(200)无线地调准(405)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括下列步骤:
f)采集(406)代表所述电化学的储能器(103(1)、103(2)、103(n))的电压的第二电压参量;
g)形成(406)所采集的第二电压参量的平均值;
h)根据在所述所采集的第二电压参量的所形成的平均值与借助所调准的数据组计算出的模型电压参量之间的电压差来产生(408)信号。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,如果所述电压差超过所述预定的阈值,则所产生的信号是故障信号。
4. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,还包括下列步骤:
c.1)将代表所述电气的储能器单元(102)的和/或所述电化学的储能器(103(1)、103(2)、103(n))的循环老化和/或日历老化的所求出的使用参量与所述预定的阈值相比较;并且/或者
c.2)检查所述电气的储能器单元(102)是否无故障地工作;
c.3)如果所述所求出的使用参量超过所述预定的阈值并且/或者所述电气的储能器单元(102)无故障地工作,则执行步骤c)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,还包括下列步骤:
d.1)摒弃所采集的电压参量的异常值。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,还包括下列步骤:
d.2)将所采集的电压参量的分散程度与所述预定的阈值相比较;
d.3)如果所述分散程度没有超过所述预定的阈值,则执行步骤d)。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,还包括下列步骤:
e.1)检查所述电气的储能器单元(102)的当前的运行状态;
e.2)如果所述电气的储能器单元(102)停止运行,则执行步骤e)。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述电化学的储能器(103(1)、103(2)、103(n))的电化学的模型的数据包括一维的或多维的特性曲线族和/或参数、尤其是温度、电流、充电状态、健康状态。
9.用于运行电气的储能器单元(102)的装置,包括:
多个电化学的储能器(103(1)、103(2)、103(n)),
用于采集所述电化学的储能器(103(1)、103(2)、103(n))的电气参量的至少一个传感器,以及
至少一个器件、尤其是用于控制所述电气的储能器单元(102)的第一控制单元(101),它们设置用于执行根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法的步骤。
10.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法在针对电动车辆、混动车辆、插电式混动车辆、飞机、电动助力车或电动自行车、针对用于电信通信或数据处理的便携式装置、针对电气的手持式工具或厨用机器的电气的储能器系统中以及在用于对尤其再生式获取的电能进行储存的固定式的存储器中的应用。
CN202080058525.4A 2019-08-20 2020-07-21 将第一控制单元的数据与第二控制单元调准以确定精确的预测值的方法 Pending CN114223084A (zh)

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