CN114222725A - 灭火剂 - Google Patents
灭火剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114222725A CN114222725A CN202080057342.0A CN202080057342A CN114222725A CN 114222725 A CN114222725 A CN 114222725A CN 202080057342 A CN202080057342 A CN 202080057342A CN 114222725 A CN114222725 A CN 114222725A
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- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BTMZHHCFEOXAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol;2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O BTMZHHCFEOXAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 alkyl sulfonic acid Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0035—Aqueous solutions
- A62D1/0042—"Wet" water, i.e. containing surfactant
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
Abstract
一种灭火剂,包含10%‑30%(按重量计)工业尿素、20%‑50%硫酸铵和12%‑26%钠基膨润土。该灭火剂还包含聚丙二醇(聚二醇(polyglycol))、烷基磺酸、蓖麻油、瓜尔胶和/或三乙醇胺十二烷基苯磺酸盐。该灭火剂不会对植物或动物的生命造成任何风险,因为该产品是完全无害的,并且被归类为无毒产品。它不会对含水层或地下水造成任何破坏,并且会在30天到60天内生物降解。
Description
技术领域
本发明的此灭火剂的目的是提供一种抑制各种类型的火并防止它们在不同表面上蔓延的手段。
背景技术
从人类开始,火就一直是最重要的发现之一,对人类有极大的益处。然而,火一旦失控就会给人类带来巨大的风险。火的破坏性是由以下三个要素引起的材料严重氧化的结果,这三个要素是:高热源、助燃物(例如,氧气)及可燃材料。
为了灭火,多年来人们已经开发了许多阻燃剂。阻燃剂通过试图从区域置换氧气来起作用,并通过创建物理化学屏障来保护可燃材料。这些阻燃剂试图将火势减缓足够长的时间,以允许通过其他方式灭火,以期控制并最终扑灭火。本申请人知悉WO2014177488、ES2330354、BE721816、W02006052245、US6464903、GB1286071和US2009212251中公开的灭火剂。
发明内容
本发明的灭火剂是由若干种材料制成的化合物,这几种材料结合形成白色颗粒状粉末。该颗粒状粉末可以非常容易地溶解在任何含水液体(watery liquid)中。本产品的主要成分是工业尿素(Technical Urea)和/或硫酸铵(Ammonium Sulphate),这两种物质都是氮化合物,在本产品中含量很高。
本发明的灭火剂以三种方式打破了火存在所必需的三个基本要素的链条。第一种方式是,它大大降低了施用区域的温度,将温度降低到火不可能存在的水平。第二种方式是,它将大量氧气从该区域转移。第三种方式是,它保护可燃材料防止其大量氧化。这样,它实际上是抑制而不是延缓火灾。
本发明的灭火剂最初呈现为白色物质。一旦与水混合,其外观则呈乳白色。
基本成分是:
10%-30%(按重量计)工业尿素;
20%-50%硫酸铵;
12%-26%膨润土(bentonite);
0%-7%蓖麻油(Castor Oil);
0%-10%聚丙二醇(Polypropylene Glycol);
0%-3%烷基磺酸(Alkyl Sulfonic Acid);
0%-7%瓜尔胶(Guar Gum);
0%-3%三乙醇胺十二烷基苯磺酸盐(Triethanolamine DodecylbenzeneSulphonate);
0%-3%直链烷基苯磺酸盐;
0%-3%白云质石灰岩(Dolomitic Limestone);
0%-4%石墨粉;
0%-2%氯化钾。
工业尿素和硫酸铵提供氮气和其他气体,当灭火剂与火接触时,这些气体将对该区域进行冷却,并且还会置换氧气。
膨润土可增加本产品的密度。它还因其润滑性而有助于施用。它通过吸收热量来保护材料。在极端温度到达施用区域之前,它可以防止释放其他气体。它还可以防止热烟灰的扩散。
蓖麻油:该成分的目的是保护材料免受极端高温的影响。它还有助于使本产品粘附到施用区域的表面,并将配方的所有成分保持在一起。
聚丙二醇可保护材料免受极端高温的影响,并有助于使本产品粘附到施用区域的表面,并且将配方的所有成分保持在一起。
烷基磺酸、直链烷基苯磺酸盐和三乙醇胺十二烷基苯磺酸盐作为稳定剂。
瓜尔胶可增加本产品的密度。当本发明的灭火剂要进行空投以避免雾化时,该成分是必需的。密度增加还有助于本产品有效渗透到施用区域。
白云质石灰岩可使本产品均质化,防止结块。它还有助于稀释。
粉状石墨:其目的是使本产品与施用区域附着更紧并润滑产品,有助于使用不同设备的施用。
氯化钾:其可提供天气状况防护,使本产品在生物降解之前具有更长的有效寿命。
本发明灭火剂的主要特点是:
阻隔和抑制火;
可生物降解;
无毒;
无腐蚀性。
此外,出于商业原因,可以根据产品的类型添加颜料或色素。例如,对于森林火灾,向产品中添加红色,通常是氧化铁,以便可以从空气中清楚地识别产品的施用。对于其余火灾,本产品通常保持其常规的白色调。可以根据不同行业的商业需要添加额外的颜色。添加颜色不会影响产品的质量或有效性。
虽然本发明的灭火剂最初被制成粒状粉末,但它也可以以浓缩液体形式(其通过将上述粉末与少量水混合产生浓缩物制成,之后在施用之前需要将该浓缩物用额外的水稀释至10%)进行市售。也可市售泡沫形式的本产品,主要用于燃料火灾。
本发明的灭火剂可用于森林火灾、结构火灾、船舶和航空器火灾、及燃料火灾。
具体实施方式
本发明灭火剂的主要特点是当它接触到由火通过辐射和对流引起的热量时,灭火剂与热量结合会引发化学反应,导致高冷温度散发出来,由此打破火循环。这种以氮气形式的大量冷气(冷气体)的散发不仅大大降低了周围区域的温度,而且还置换了大部分的可用氧气。该反应对人类是完全无害的,这是因为我们呼吸的空气中含有78%氮气,并且在受影响区域总会有一些剩余的氧气(允许被困在火场的消防员或其他人可以轻松呼吸)。当火焰和周围的热量与灭火剂接触时,大量的氮气散发会导致温度降低到火无法存在的水平,因为不可能起火。通常,此时,火会慢慢熄灭,并且不会重新起火。
森林大火通常会达到1789°F(976℃)的平均温度,但在施用了灭火剂的区域及周围区域,温度急剧下降到143°F(62℃)的平均温度,在该温度下不可能发生火灾。同时,在大多数情况下,在该区域作为冷气体存在的氮气可防止火势蔓延到施用区域之外。本产品还可防止在火熄灭后重新起火,因为它对处理过的植被的影响可持续至少15-20天(假如不下雨)。本发明的灭火剂可降低环境温度,因此,在火灾之后可更早地穿行。
本发明的灭火剂不会对植物或动物的生命造成任何风险,因为本产品是完全无害的,被归类为无毒产品。它不会对含水层和地下水造成任何破坏,并且,会在30天到60天内生物降解。在该时间内,该灭火剂会继续保护施用区域免于在至少15-20天内重新起火。
由于本发明的灭火剂不会腐蚀金属或其他材料,因此,可用于家庭或建筑物中的背负式泵(backpack pump)、便携式泵(portable pump)及自动喷水灭火系统(sprinklersystem),以及使用飞机或直升机从空中施用。
在结构火灾以及船舶和航空器火灾中,当灭火剂与火接触时,灭火剂在施用区域中的巨大冷却效果对消防队极其有益。当消防员开始将灭火剂施用至火时,它开始散发大量冷气,这将会降低该区域内的较高环境温度,从而允许消防员快速、安全地进入受灾区域,从而更有效地直接扑灭火焰(而这通常是不可能的,因为火的中心周围有辐射热,会阻止人们接近它)。
本产品在结构中的使用主要提供两个益处,即更快的灭火速度和用水更少,因为水只是用于施用该产品的介质。这意味着与仅用水相比,灭火所需的时间减少了约三分之二。
在船舶和航空器上,本发明的灭火剂由于其冷却特性还可提供很大的益处。它可以更快速地灭火,挽救船只。此外,本发明的灭火剂不会与石油基或其他燃料火灾产生负面反应。泡沫形式非常适合此类火灾。
尽管推荐本产品与淡水混合,但在船舶的情况下,它也可以与海水混合。
由于本发明灭火剂的无腐蚀性的特性,它可以施用于任何金属表面。
不推荐将本发明的灭火剂用于电气火灾。尽管本发明的灭火剂可以扑灭电气火灾,但受影响区域(其导电)会被稀释灭火剂的水弄湿,位于该区域的人有触电风险。
在森林火灾中,由于土地面积广阔,因此,推荐间接进攻,通过在野火蔓延之前安全地施用本产品,以形成防火墙,其在一旦火到达施用区域时即可对其进行抑制,并可使消防员在必要时安全有效地直接进攻。安全施用是一个非常重要的因素,因为消防员可以在不危机生命的情况下从远处扑灭火灾。进行直接进攻的可能性对于保护特定区域或人的生命特别有用。由于本发明灭火剂在施用后的长期有效性,还可以在尚未发生火灾但有较高火灾风险的地方(例如,沿着火车轨道或特别敏感的森林区域)进行预防性进攻。
本发明的灭火剂可以从陆地或空中施用,作为约15-50英尺宽的防火墙,具体取决于地势的地形和植被的类型。
施用区域内的植被须从基部到冠进行彻底处理。
使用通常用于灭火的现有设备来施用本产品。
对于从陆地施用,通常使用的设备是背负式泵(backpackpump)、便携式泵(portable pump)或配备有箱和带有软管水龙带的泵的载重汽车。本产品不用来使用熏蒸设备(fumigation equipment)施用,因为缩小的施用器开口尺寸会阻止本产品的所有颗粒通过。
从空中,本发明的灭火剂可从通常用于消防的任何类型的飞机或直升机、或为此目的改装的任何其他航空器来施用。本产品的排放以连续且重叠的方式进行,直到防火墙区域在火灾发生前得以处理。空中施用技术与现有阻燃剂的相同。
在个人想要使用本产品来保护他们的财产的情况下,它可以使用软管水龙带(hose)、家庭户外灌溉喷水系统(home outdoor irrigation sprinkler system)或用于消防的专用喷水系统来施用。将在该系统中添加带有文丘里注射器机构的箱,该文丘里注射器机构将在喷洒前将浓缩物稀释至10%。如果灭火剂为粉末形式,将使用其他技术。
对于结构火灾和船舶火灾,本发明的灭火剂可以以两种方式之一进行施用。第一种是通过现有的自动喷水灭火系统,其使用文丘里注射器机构添加本产品。第二种是通过在火源处直接灭火。消防员使用软管水龙带、背负式泵或其他类型的灭火器喷雾器直接在火上施用本产品。这将会产生几乎瞬时的反应,通过该反应灭火剂将开始在施用区域散发出极冷的温度,进而降低环境温度,可使消防人员更快速地通过受灾区域。
在航空器上发生火灾的情况下,使用配备有泵和软管水龙带的载重汽车来施用本发明的灭火剂。泡沫灭火剂通常用于此类火灾。
对于燃料火灾,推荐使用泡沫形式的本发明的灭火剂。
Claims (12)
1.一种灭火剂,其包含:
10%-30%(按重量计)工业尿素;
20%-50%硫酸铵;及
12%-26%膨润土。
2.根据权利要求1所述的灭火剂,其还包含至多10%聚丙二醇(聚二醇(polyglycol))。
3.根据权利要求1所述的灭火剂,其还包含至多3%烷基磺酸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的灭火剂,其还包含至多7%瓜尔胶。
5.根据权利要求1所述的灭火剂,其还包含至多3%三乙醇胺十二烷基苯磺酸盐。
6.根据权利要求1所述的灭火剂,其还包含颜料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的灭火剂,其还包括水。
8.根据权利要求1所述的灭火剂,其还包含至多7%蓖麻油。
9.根据权利要求1所述的灭火剂,其还包含至多3%直链烷基苯磺酸盐。
10.根据权利要求1所述的灭火剂,其还包含至多3%白云质石灰岩。
11.根据权利要求1所述的灭火剂,其还包含至多4%石墨粉。
12.根据权利要求1所述的灭火剂,其还包含至多2%氯化钾。
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US201962886388P | 2019-08-14 | 2019-08-14 | |
US62/886,388 | 2019-08-14 | ||
PCT/US2020/046099 WO2021030544A1 (en) | 2019-08-14 | 2020-08-13 | Fire suppressant |
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CN114222725A true CN114222725A (zh) | 2022-03-22 |
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US (1) | US11844975B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP4013733A4 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN114222725A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2020330567A1 (zh) |
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FI20115535A0 (fi) * | 2011-05-30 | 2011-05-30 | Fp Wood Oy | Palonsuoja-aine |
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CN104802257A (zh) * | 2015-04-18 | 2015-07-29 | 青岛国航祥玉技术服务有限公司 | 一种改性木材阻燃剂 |
WO2018122406A1 (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-05 | Ecochem International Nv | Fire retarding composition for use in wood composite panels |
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2020
- 2020-08-13 US US17/431,478 patent/US11844975B2/en active Active
- 2020-08-13 CA CA3150862A patent/CA3150862A1/en active Pending
- 2020-08-13 EP EP20852205.2A patent/EP4013733A4/en active Pending
- 2020-08-13 CN CN202080057342.0A patent/CN114222725A/zh active Pending
- 2020-08-13 AU AU2020330567A patent/AU2020330567A1/en active Pending
- 2020-08-13 WO PCT/US2020/046099 patent/WO2021030544A1/en unknown
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GB1243026A (en) * | 1967-09-02 | 1971-08-18 | Albert Ag Chem Werke | Improvements in or relating to fire retardant compositions |
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US11844975B2 (en) | 2023-12-19 |
WO2021030544A1 (en) | 2021-02-18 |
CA3150862A1 (en) | 2021-02-18 |
AU2020330567A1 (en) | 2022-03-03 |
EP4013733A4 (en) | 2023-10-18 |
EP4013733A1 (en) | 2022-06-22 |
US20220134157A1 (en) | 2022-05-05 |
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