CN114222038A - Light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on radiation-resistant chip - Google Patents
Light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on radiation-resistant chip Download PDFInfo
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- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
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Abstract
The invention relates to a light radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip, which comprises a video stream time sequence control module, a video stream time sequence control module and a video stream time sequence control module, wherein the video stream time sequence control module sends instructions to other modules and receives state signals returned by the modules; the photoelectric conversion module is used for carrying out photoelectric conversion on the optical signal acquired by the optical system of the camera after receiving the acquisition starting instruction to obtain an image digital signal; the image preprocessing module is used for storing the image digital signals, performing dead pixel processing, bright dot processing, noise suppression and image cutting, and sending the cut image data to the radiation image processing module; the radiation image processing module is used for carrying out median filtering, radiation low-noise estimation and radiation effect removal on the image data to obtain enhanced image data; a radiation image data storage module storing the enhanced image data; and the PAL mode video coding module reads the image data in the storage module in sequence, codes and outputs the PAL mode video of the image data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-radiation-resistance camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistance chip, and belongs to the technical field of closed circuit television monitoring in the nuclear industry.
Background
Radiation-resistant cameras in nuclear industrial closed circuit television monitoring systems are indispensable security monitoring devices in various radiation environments at present. The nuclear reactor monitoring system needs to continuously work in a radiation environment for a long time, operation and maintenance personnel acquire real-time video monitoring images through a camera to observe internal environments such as a nuclear reactor and the like so as to ensure the safe operation of nuclear-involved equipment, and meanwhile, the nuclear reactor monitoring system can also be used for confirming surrounding working conditions before certain equipment is controlled to execute specific operation so as to ensure the accuracy of the operation. Therefore, the radiation-resistant camera needs to have better radiation resistance, and can provide continuous visual observation capability during the operation of the nuclear reactor so as to ensure the safe and normal operation of equipment in a radiation environment.
At present, the equipment is applied to the field of nuclear industry, but the use effect and the user demand have certain gaps. Although the traditional camera adopting the vacuum electron tube has the advantage of large total dose, the traditional camera is greatly influenced by illumination and temperature, the service life is usually less than 8000 hours, the working temperature range is between 0 and 50 ℃, the requirements of full-time startup and stable operation in 1.5-year refueling periods of most nuclear power stations cannot be met, and meanwhile, the problem of incapability of imaging can occur in some environments with raised temperature.
In recent years, solid radiation-resistant camera products have appeared, which adopt an industrial-grade camera core, and from a system level angle, adopt a reflection type structural design to ensure that a sensor is protected by a shell made of a high-density metal material, thereby avoiding direct irradiation of high-energy particles. However, the product has a plurality of defects: in order to improve the shielding performance, the wall body is thick, so that the weight of the product is heavy, the performance is unstable, the energy penetrating power of the particles is different, the higher the energy is, the stronger the penetrating power is, the shielding shell with fixed thickness is adopted, the protection requirements on different energy particles under different scenes cannot be met, and the radiation resistance of the shielding shell is unstable. Under the influence of the total dose and the single particles, the sensor and the processing circuit are damaged, and normal imaging cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, the radiation-resistant chip-based light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system is provided, the processing process is efficient, the hardware resource consumption is low, the radiation-resistant chip-based light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system can be applied to an aerospace-level general control type radiation-resistant chip, and the light-weight and high-reliability radiation-resistant camera electronic system is realized.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problem is as follows: the utility model provides a resistant camera electronic system of radiation of lightweight based on anti-radiation chip, this system includes video stream time sequence control module, photoelectric conversion module, image preprocessing module, radiation image processing module, radiation image data storage module, PAL standard video coding module, wherein:
the video stream time sequence control module sends an acquisition starting instruction to the photoelectric conversion module after being electrified and started, and sends a preprocessing starting instruction to the image preprocessing module after receiving a photoelectric conversion completion signal sent by the photoelectric conversion module; after receiving the preprocessing completion signal, sending an image processing starting instruction to a radiation image processing module; after receiving the image processing completion signal, sending a storage starting instruction to a radiation image data storage module; after receiving the image storage completion signal, sending a coding start instruction to a PAL mode video coding module;
the photoelectric conversion module is used for performing photoelectric conversion on an optical signal acquired by an optical system of the camera after receiving an acquisition starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module to obtain an image analog electric signal, converting the image analog electric signal into an image digital signal and sending the image digital signal to the image preprocessing module, and sending a photoelectric conversion completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module;
the image preprocessing module is used for storing the image digital signals sent by the photoelectric conversion module after receiving a preprocessing starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module, performing dead pixel processing, bright dot processing, noise suppression and image cutting on the stored image data frames after acquiring a frame of image digital signals, sending the cut image data to the radiation image processing module, and sending a preprocessing completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module;
the radiation image processing module is used for acquiring a frame of image data sent by the image preprocessing module after receiving an image processing starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module, performing median filtering, radiation low noise estimation and radiation effect removal to obtain enhanced image data, sending the enhanced image data to the image data storage module, and sending an image processing completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module;
the radiation image data storage module is used for storing the image data sent by the radiation image processing module after receiving a storage starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module and sending an image storage completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module;
and the PAL mode video coding module is used for sequentially reading the image data in the radiation image data storage module after receiving the coding start instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module, outputting PAL mode video coding to the image data and sending a coding output completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module.
Preferably, the video stream timing control module is implemented by using a state machine, and specifically includes 7 states, which are sta0 to sta6, and are initialized to sta0, where the specific operations of the state machine are as follows:
sta 0: after receiving a hardware power-on starting completion signal of the camera electronic system, jumping to a sta 1;
sta 1: sending an acquisition starting instruction to the photoelectric conversion module, and jumping to sta 2;
sta 2: waiting for the photoelectric conversion module to perform photoelectric conversion; after receiving the photoelectric conversion completion signal, sending an image preprocessing starting instruction to an image preprocessing module, and jumping to sta 3;
sta 3: waiting for the image preprocessing module to perform image preprocessing; after receiving the preprocessing completion signal, sending an image processing starting instruction to the radiation image processing module, and jumping to sta 4;
sta 4: waiting for the radiation image processing module to perform radiation image processing; after receiving the image processing completion signal, sending an image storage starting instruction to the radiation image storage module, and jumping to sta 5;
sta 5: waiting for the radiation image storage module to store the image; after receiving the image storage completion signal, sending a video coding start instruction to the PAL mode video coding module, and jumping to sta 6;
sta 6: waiting for the PAL mode video coding module to carry out PAL mode video coding output; after receiving the video encoding output complete signal, it jumps to sta 1.
Preferably, the photoelectric conversion module comprises a clock control module, a sensor reading control module, an image sensing module and an analog-digital conversion module;
the clock control module is used for generating a working clock of the image sensing module;
the sensor reading control module generates an address signal, a reset signal, an exposure signal and a reading sequence control signal according to the time sequence control requirement of the image sensing module and outputs the address signal, the reset signal, the exposure signal and the reading sequence control signal to corresponding control pins of the image sensing module;
the image sensing module carries out photoelectric conversion on optical signals collected by an optical system of the camera to obtain image analog electric signals, and outputs photoelectric conversion completion signals to the video stream time sequence control module;
and the analog-digital conversion module is used for performing analog-digital conversion on the image analog electric signal output by the image sensing module to obtain an image digital electric signal and outputting the image digital electric signal to the image preprocessing module in parallel.
Preferably, the image preprocessing module comprises: the image processing device comprises an image caching module, a dead spot processing module, a bright spot processing module, a fixed noise suppression module and an image cutting module;
the image caching module is used for storing one frame of image data, the size of the image data is M multiplied by N, M and N correspond to the number of columns and the number of rows of the pixel points of the optically acquired image, the quantization digit of the image data of each pixel point is L, and L is more than or equal to 10;
the dead pixel processing module is used for traversing the data of each pixel point in the image cache module, finding out the dead pixel, performing smooth processing on the dead pixel data and updating the data in the image cache module;
the bright point processing module is used for traversing the data of each pixel point in the image cache module, finding out a bright point, smoothing the bright point data and updating the data in the image cache module;
the fixed noise suppression module is used for traversing the image data after dead pixel processing and bright pixel processing and subtracting the fixed noise value of the sensor at the corresponding position;
and an image cropping module which crops the image data with the size of M × N by taking the midpoint of the image data with the size of M × N obtained after the noise suppression as the center, and the midpoint of the image data after the cropping is consistent with the midpoint of the image data before the cropping.
Preferably, the radiation image processing module comprises a median filtering module, a radiation background noise estimation module and a radiation effect removing module;
the median filtering module performs 1 × 3 median filtering on the image data processed by the image preprocessing module line by line;
traversing the image data after median filtering by a radiation background noise estimation module, and obtaining a minimum value by adopting a bubble sorting method to be used as a radiation estimation noise threshold value;
and the radiation effect removing module subtracts a radiation estimation noise threshold value from the median-filtered image value, and performs enhancement operation on the whole image by adopting a linear stretching algorithm.
Preferably, the radiation image data storage module comprises a ping-pang control module, a first data storage module and a second data storage module;
the ping-pang control module initializes a pixel counting variable to be 0 and initializes an image frame counting variable to be 0, counts the number of image pixels, adds 1 to the image frame counting variable when the number of the pixel points reaches mxn, and sets the pixel counting variable to be 0; when the image frame counting variable is an odd number, sending a write-in enabling signal of the image data to the first data storage module, and when the image frame counting variable is an even number, sending a write-in enabling signal of the image data to the second data storage module;
the first data storage module stores the input m multiplied by n image data into a first data storage area after receiving the write-in enabling signal of the ping-pan control module;
and the second data storage module stores the input m multiplied by n image data into a second data storage area after receiving the write-in enabling signal of the ping-pan control module.
The PAL system video coding module follows PAL-D standard and comprises a pixel counter, a line synchronous pulse generator, a line blanking pulse generator, a field blanking pulse generator and an effective video signal pulse generator;
the PAL system video coding module adopts a 27MHz system clock, uses a pixel counter pxlcnt to control and generate a line time sequence, uses a line counter lncnt to generate a field time sequence, the PAL-D standard specifies that each frame of image is 625 lines, the line frequency is 15625Hz, when the 27MHz clock is adopted, one line is scanned by 1728 clock cycles, therefore, the counting range of the pixel counter pxlcnt is 1-1728, the counting range of the line counter lncnt is 1-625, the scanning mode of the PAL system image adopts 2:1 interlaced scanning, one frame of image is divided into an odd field and an even field, each field scans 312.5 lines, blanking signals are transmitted in the reverse stroke of the lines and the fields, so that the reverse stroke return lines of the lines and the fields are not displayed on a fluorescent screen, line synchronization signals are transmitted in the blanking period, and field synchronization signals are transmitted in the field blanking period;
the method comprises the following concrete steps:
s1, after power-on starting, initializing a pixel counter pxlcnt to 1, initializing a line counter lncnt to 1, adding 1 to the pxlcnt every one clock cycle after the radiation image data storage module stores one frame of data, and setting the pxlcnt to 1 when the pxlcnt is 1728, wherein the counting range of the pxlcnt is 1-1728; adding 1 to lncnt when pxlcnt is 1728, setting 1 to lncnt when lncnt is 625 and pxlcnt is 1728, and counting the lncnt in the range of 1-625;
s2, judging whether the current image is an odd field or an even field by the line counter lncnt, executing step S3 when the current field is an odd field, and executing step S4 when the current field is an even field;
s3, when the current field is an odd field image, the odd field module generates PAL video data, and when the current line is an odd field blanking line, a field blanking pulse and a field synchronizing pulse are generated in the odd field blanking pulse generator and output; when the current behavior is an active video line, executing the steps S5-S7;
s4, when the current field is an even field image, the even field module generates PAL video data, when the current action is an even field blanking line, a field blanking pulse and a field synchronizing pulse are generated in the even field blanking pulse generator and output; when the current behavior is an active video line, executing the steps S5-S7;
s5, generating and outputting a line synchronization pulse by the line synchronization pulse generator;
s6, generating a line blanking pulse containing a color synchronizing signal by a line blanking pulse generator and outputting the line blanking pulse;
and S7, acquiring the current effective pixel value from the memory, generating a chrominance signal in the effective video signal generator, taking the current effective pixel value as a luminance signal, overlapping the luminance signal with the chrominance signal, generating an effective video signal and outputting the effective video signal.
Preferably, the photoelectric conversion module and the radiation image data storage module are both implemented by using independent radiation-resistant chips.
Preferably, the video stream timing control module, the image preprocessing module, the radiation image processing module and the PAL mode video coding module are integrated in the same anti-radiation chip.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention relates to a light radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip, which comprises a video stream time sequence control module, a photoelectric conversion module, an image preprocessing module, a radiation image processing module, a radiation image data storage module and a PAL system video coding module.
(2) The invention realizes digital image acquisition through the photoelectric conversion module, can use a radiation-resistant CMOS sensor to form an image sensing module, has higher image definition compared with a vacuum camera tube, and has better and more stable radiation resistance compared with a common industrial grade CMOS sensor and a CCD sensor.
(3) The invention realizes the output of standard format video data through the PAL format video coding module, can realize the standard PAL format video coding in the radiation-resistant FPGA, and has higher radiation-resistant capability of the formed electronic system on the premise of meeting the coding requirement compared with the common industrial PAL coding chip.
(4) The video stream time sequence control module, the image preprocessing module, the radiation image processing module and the PAL type video coding module are realized in the same anti-radiation chip, and a common industrial-grade image processing chip is not needed to be used in a radiation environment, so that the problems of image acquisition, preprocessing and processing and video coding under the condition of lacking a special anti-radiation image processing chip are solved, and the application of an aerospace-grade universal control type anti-radiation chip in the field of images is expanded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an electronic system architecture of a radiation-resistant chip-based, lightweight radiation-resistant camera of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an architecture of a photoelectric conversion module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an image pre-processing module architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a radiation image processing architecture diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a radiation image data storage module architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a PAL system video encoding module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a timing diagram of a PAL format video line according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of PAL format video field data format according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a timing diagram of PAL mode video field according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The architecture and implementation method of a light radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip according to the present invention will be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, without limiting the scope of the present invention in any way.
A light radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip comprises a video stream time sequence control module, a photoelectric conversion module, an image preprocessing module, a radiation image processing module, a radiation image data storage module and a PAL system video coding module, as shown in figure 1:
the video stream time sequence control module sends an acquisition starting instruction to the photoelectric conversion module after being electrified and started, and sends a preprocessing starting instruction to the image preprocessing module after receiving a photoelectric conversion completion signal sent by the photoelectric conversion module; after receiving the preprocessing completion signal, sending an image processing starting instruction to a radiation image processing module; after receiving the image processing completion signal, sending a storage starting instruction to a radiation image data storage module; after receiving the image storage completion signal, sending a coding start instruction to a PAL mode video coding module; the photoelectric conversion module is used for performing photoelectric conversion on an optical signal acquired by an optical system of the camera after receiving an acquisition starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module to obtain an image analog electric signal, converting the image analog electric signal into an image digital signal and sending the image digital signal to the image preprocessing module, and sending a photoelectric conversion completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module;
the image preprocessing module is used for storing the image digital signals sent by the photoelectric conversion module after receiving a preprocessing starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module, performing dead pixel processing, bright dot processing, noise suppression and image cutting on the stored image data frames after acquiring a frame of image digital signals, sending the cut image data to the radiation image processing module, and sending a preprocessing completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module;
the radiation image processing module is used for acquiring a frame of image data sent by the image preprocessing module after receiving an image processing starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module, performing median filtering, radiation low noise estimation and radiation effect removal to obtain enhanced image data, sending the enhanced image data to the image data storage module and sending an image processing state signal to the video stream time sequence control module;
the radiation image data storage module is used for storing the image data sent by the radiation image processing module after receiving a storage starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module and sending a graph storage completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module;
and the PAL mode video coding module is used for sequentially reading the image data in the radiation image data storage module after receiving the coding start instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module, outputting PAL mode video coding to the image data and sending a coding output completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module.
2. Video stream time sequence control module
The video stream timing control module is realized by adopting a state machine, and specifically comprises 7 states, namely sta 0-sta 6, which are initialized to sta0, and the specific operation of the state machine is as follows:
sta 0: after receiving a hardware power-on starting completion signal of the camera electronic system, jumping to a sta 1;
sta 1: sending an acquisition starting instruction to the photoelectric conversion module, and jumping to sta 2;
sta 2: waiting for the photoelectric conversion module to perform photoelectric conversion; after receiving the photoelectric conversion completion signal, sending an image preprocessing starting instruction to an image preprocessing module, and jumping to sta 3;
sta 3: waiting for the image preprocessing module to perform image preprocessing; after receiving the preprocessing completion signal, sending an image processing starting instruction to the radiation image processing module, and jumping to sta 4;
sta 4: waiting for the radiation image processing module to perform radiation image processing; after receiving the image processing completion signal, sending an image storage starting instruction to the radiation image storage module, and jumping to sta 5;
sta 5: waiting for the radiation image storage module to store the image; after receiving the image storage completion signal, sending a video coding start instruction to the PAL mode video coding module, and jumping to sta 6;
sta 6: waiting for the PAL mode video coding module to carry out PAL mode video coding output; after receiving the video encoding output complete signal, it jumps to sta 1.
3. Photoelectric conversion module
The photoelectric conversion module includes a clock control module, a sensor reading control module, an image sensing module, and an analog-to-digital conversion module, as shown in fig. 2:
the clock control module is used for generating a working clock of the image sensing module, and generating a 13.5MHz clock by checking the frequency division of the 27MHz system clock by using a DCM IP (digital clock multiplexer);
the sensor reading control module generates an address signal, a reset signal, an exposure signal and a reading sequence control signal according to the time sequence control requirement of the image sensing module and outputs the address signal, the reset signal, the exposure signal and the reading sequence control signal to corresponding control pins of the image sensing module;
the image sensing module adopts a radiation-resistant CMOS image sensor to perform photoelectric conversion on an optical signal acquired by an optical system of the camera to obtain an image analog electric signal and output a photoelectric conversion completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module;
and the analog-digital conversion module is used for performing analog-digital conversion on the image analog electric signal with the voltage of 0-3.3V output by the image sensing module to obtain an image digital electric signal with the size of 0-1024 and outputting the image digital electric signal to the image preprocessing module in parallel.
4. Image preprocessing module
The image preprocessing module comprises an image caching module, a dead spot processing module, a bright spot processing module, a fixed noise suppression module and an image clipping module, as shown in fig. 3:
the image caching module is used for storing image data output by one frame of photoelectric conversion module, the size of the image data is 1024 x 1024, the image caching module corresponds to the number of columns and the number of rows of the optically collected image pixels respectively, and the quantization digit of the image data of each pixel is 10;
the dead pixel processing module is used for traversing the data of each pixel point in the image cache module, finding out the pixel points with the numerical values lower than a preset dead pixel threshold value, marking the pixel points as dead pixels, performing smooth processing on the dead pixels, and updating the data in the image cache module;
the bright point processing module is used for traversing the data of each pixel point in the image cache module, finding out the pixel points with the numerical values higher than a preset bright point threshold value, marking the pixel points as bright points, smoothing the bright point data and updating the data in the image cache module;
and the fixed noise suppression module is used for traversing the image data after the dead pixel processing and the bright pixel processing and subtracting the pre-acquired sensor fixed noise value at the corresponding position. The acquisition method of the sensor fixed noise at the corresponding position comprises the steps of acquiring image data output by the sensor when the sensor does not output optical signals, namely the sensor fixed noise;
and an image cropping module which crops the image data with the size of 720 x 576 by taking the midpoint of the image data with the size of 1024 x 1024 obtained after the noise suppression as the center, wherein the midpoint of the image data after the cropping is consistent with the midpoint of the image data before the cropping.
5. Radiation image processing module
The radiation image processing module includes a median filtering module, a radiation background noise estimation module, and a radiation effect removing module, as shown in fig. 4:
the median filtering module performs 1 × 3 median filtering on the image data processed by the image preprocessing module line by line;
traversing the image data after median filtering by a radiation background noise estimation module, and obtaining a minimum value by adopting a bubble sorting method to be used as a radiation estimation noise threshold value;
and the radiation effect removing module subtracts a radiation estimation noise threshold value from the median-filtered image value, and performs enhancement operation on the whole image by adopting a linear stretching algorithm.
6. Radiation image data storage module
The radiation image data storage module comprises a ping-pang control module, a first data storage module and a second data storage module, and is shown in fig. 5:
the ping-pan control module initializes a pixel counting variable to be 0 and an image frame counting variable to be 0, counts the number of image pixels, adds 1 to the image frame counting variable when the number of the pixel points reaches 720 multiplied by 576, and sets the pixel counting variable to be 0; when the image frame counting variable is an odd number, sending a write-in enabling signal of the image data to the first data storage module, and when the image frame counting variable is an even number, sending a write-in enabling signal of the image data to the second data storage module;
the first data storage module stores the input 720 multiplied by 576 image data into a first data storage area after receiving the write-in enabling signal of the ping-pan control module;
and the second data storage module stores the input 720 x 576 image data into the second data storage area after receiving the write-in enabling signal of the ping-pang control module.
7. PAL system video coding module
The PAL system video coding module mainly comprises a pixel counter, a line synchronization pulse generator, a line blanking pulse generator, a field blanking pulse generator and an effective video signal pulse generator, and PAL system video coding follows PAL-D standard (GB 3174-;
PAL system video coding module adopts 27MHz system clock, uses pixel counter pxlcnt to control and generate line time sequence, uses line counter lncnt to generate field time sequence, PAL-D standard stipulates that each frame image is 625 lines, line frequency is 15625Hz, when a 27MHz clock is adopted, 1728 clock cycles are needed for scanning one line, so the counting range of a pixel counter pxlcnt is 1-1728, the counting range of a line counter lncnt is 1-625, the scanning mode of PAL system images adopts 2:1 interlaced scanning, one frame of image is divided into two fields of an odd field and an even field, 312.5 lines are scanned in each field, in order to display images on a display, image signals are transmitted in the forward stroke of the line and field, blanking signals are transmitted in the backward stroke of the line and field, so that the backward stroke return lines of the line and field are not displayed on a fluorescent screen, in order to reproduce the picture correctly, send the line synchronizing signal in the blanking interval of the line, send the field synchronizing signal in the blanking interval of the field;
as shown in fig. 6, the specific implementation steps of the PAL format video coding module are as follows:
s1, after power-on starting, initializing a pixel counter pxlcnt to 1, initializing a line counter lncnt to 1, adding 1 to the pxlcnt every one clock cycle after the radiation image data storage module stores one frame of data, and setting the pxlcnt to 1 when the pxlcnt is 1728, wherein the counting range of the pxlcnt is 1-1728; adding 1 to lncnt when pxlcnt is 1728, setting 1 to lncnt when lncnt is 625 and pxlcnt is 1728, and counting the lncnt in the range of 1-625;
s2, according to the graph of FIG. 8, judging whether the current image is an odd field or an even field by a line counter lncnt, executing the step 3 when the current field is the odd field, and executing the step 4 when the current field is the even field;
s3, when the current field is an odd field image, according to the time sequence requirement of the figures 8 and 9, the odd field module generates PAL video data, and when the current line is an odd field blanking line, a field blanking pulse and a field synchronizing pulse are generated in the odd field blanking pulse generator and output; when the current behavior is an effective video line, executing the steps 5-7;
s4, when the current field is an even field image, generating PAL video data by the even field module according to the time sequence requirement of fig. 8 and fig. 9, when the current line is an even field blanking line, generating a field blanking pulse and a field synchronizing pulse in the even field blanking pulse generator, and outputting; when the current behavior is an effective video line, executing the steps 5-7;
s5, controlling the time sequence by pxlcnt according to the time sequence requirement of figure 7, generating and outputting the line synchronizing pulse by the line synchronizing pulse generator;
s6, controlling the time sequence by pxlcnt according to the time sequence requirement of figure 7, generating and outputting the line blanking pulse containing the color synchronizing signal by the line blanking pulse generator;
s7, controlling the timing sequence by pxlcnt according to the timing sequence requirement of fig. 7, obtaining the current effective pixel value from the memory, generating a chrominance signal in the effective video signal generator, overlapping the current effective pixel value as a luminance signal with the chrominance signal, generating an effective video signal, and outputting the effective video signal.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a resistant radiation camera electronic system of lightweight based on anti-radiation chip which characterized in that includes video stream time sequence control module, photoelectric conversion module, image preprocessing module, radiation image processing module, radiation image data storage module, PAL standard video coding module, wherein:
the video stream time sequence control module sends an acquisition starting instruction to the photoelectric conversion module after being electrified and started, and sends a preprocessing starting instruction to the image preprocessing module after receiving a photoelectric conversion completion signal sent by the photoelectric conversion module; after receiving the preprocessing completion signal, sending an image processing starting instruction to a radiation image processing module; after receiving the image processing completion signal, sending a storage starting instruction to a radiation image data storage module; after receiving the image storage completion signal, sending a coding start instruction to a PAL mode video coding module;
the photoelectric conversion module is used for performing photoelectric conversion on an optical signal acquired by an optical system of the camera after receiving an acquisition starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module to obtain an image analog electric signal, converting the image analog electric signal into an image digital signal and sending the image digital signal to the image preprocessing module, and sending a photoelectric conversion completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module;
the image preprocessing module is used for storing the image digital signals sent by the photoelectric conversion module after receiving a preprocessing starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module, performing dead pixel processing, bright dot processing, noise suppression and image cutting on the stored image data frames after acquiring a frame of image digital signals, sending the cut image data to the radiation image processing module, and sending a preprocessing completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module;
the radiation image processing module is used for acquiring a frame of image data sent by the image preprocessing module after receiving an image processing starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module, performing median filtering, radiation low noise estimation and radiation effect removal to obtain enhanced image data, sending the enhanced image data to the image data storage module, and sending an image processing completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module;
the radiation image data storage module is used for storing the image data sent by the radiation image processing module after receiving a storage starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module and sending an image storage completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module;
and the PAL mode video coding module is used for sequentially reading the image data in the radiation image data storage module after receiving the coding start instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module, outputting PAL mode video coding to the image data and sending a coding output completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module.
2. The radiation-resistant chip-based light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the video stream timing control module is implemented by using a state machine, and specifically comprises 7 states, sta 0-sta 6, which are initialized to sta0, and the specific operations of the state machine are as follows:
sta 0: after receiving a hardware power-on starting completion signal of the camera electronic system, jumping to a sta 1;
sta 1: sending an acquisition starting instruction to the photoelectric conversion module, and jumping to sta 2;
sta 2: waiting for the photoelectric conversion module to perform photoelectric conversion; after receiving the photoelectric conversion completion signal, sending an image preprocessing starting instruction to an image preprocessing module, and jumping to sta 3;
sta 3: waiting for the image preprocessing module to perform image preprocessing; after receiving the preprocessing completion signal, sending an image processing starting instruction to the radiation image processing module, and jumping to sta 4;
sta 4: waiting for the radiation image processing module to perform radiation image processing; after receiving the image processing completion signal, sending an image storage starting instruction to the radiation image storage module, and jumping to sta 5;
sta 5: waiting for the radiation image storage module to store the image; after receiving the image storage completion signal, sending a video coding start instruction to the PAL mode video coding module, and jumping to sta 6;
sta 6: waiting for the PAL mode video coding module to carry out PAL mode video coding output; after receiving the video encoding output complete signal, it jumps to sta 1.
3. The radiation-resistant chip-based light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system according to claim 1, wherein the photoelectric conversion module comprises a clock control module, a sensor reading control module, an image sensing module and an analog-digital conversion module;
the clock control module is used for generating a working clock of the image sensing module;
the sensor reading control module generates an address signal, a reset signal, an exposure signal and a reading sequence control signal according to the time sequence control requirement of the image sensing module and outputs the address signal, the reset signal, the exposure signal and the reading sequence control signal to corresponding control pins of the image sensing module;
the image sensing module carries out photoelectric conversion on optical signals collected by an optical system of the camera to obtain image analog electric signals, and outputs photoelectric conversion completion signals to the video stream time sequence control module;
and the analog-digital conversion module is used for performing analog-digital conversion on the image analog electric signal output by the image sensing module to obtain an image digital electric signal and outputting the image digital electric signal to the image preprocessing module in parallel.
4. The radiation-resistant chip-based light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the image preprocessing module comprises: the image processing device comprises an image caching module, a dead spot processing module, a bright spot processing module, a fixed noise suppression module and an image cutting module;
the image caching module is used for storing one frame of image data, the size of the image data is M multiplied by N, M and N correspond to the number of columns and the number of rows of the pixel points of the optically acquired image, the quantization digit of the image data of each pixel point is L, and L is more than or equal to 10;
the dead pixel processing module is used for traversing the data of each pixel point in the image cache module, finding out the dead pixel, performing smooth processing on the dead pixel data and updating the data in the image cache module;
the bright point processing module is used for traversing the data of each pixel point in the image cache module, finding out a bright point, smoothing the bright point data and updating the data in the image cache module;
the fixed noise suppression module is used for traversing the image data after dead pixel processing and bright pixel processing and subtracting the fixed noise value of the sensor at the corresponding position;
and an image cropping module which crops the image data with the size of M × N by taking the midpoint of the image data with the size of M × N obtained after the noise suppression as the center, and the midpoint of the image data after the cropping is consistent with the midpoint of the image data before the cropping.
5. The radiation-resistant chip-based light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system according to claim 1, wherein the radiation image processing module comprises a median filtering module, a radiation background noise estimation module and a radiation effect removal module;
the median filtering module performs 1 × 3 median filtering on the image data processed by the image preprocessing module line by line;
traversing the image data after median filtering by a radiation background noise estimation module, and obtaining a minimum value by adopting a bubble sorting method to be used as a radiation estimation noise threshold value;
and the radiation effect removing module subtracts a radiation estimation noise threshold value from the median-filtered image value, and performs enhancement operation on the whole image by adopting a linear stretching algorithm.
6. The radiation-resistant chip-based light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radiation image data storage module comprises a ping-pang control module, a first data storage module, a second data storage module;
the ping-pang control module initializes a pixel counting variable to be 0 and initializes an image frame counting variable to be 0, counts the number of image pixels, adds 1 to the image frame counting variable when the number of the pixel points reaches mxn, and sets the pixel counting variable to be 0; when the image frame counting variable is an odd number, sending a write-in enabling signal of the image data to the first data storage module, and when the image frame counting variable is an even number, sending a write-in enabling signal of the image data to the second data storage module;
the first data storage module stores the input m multiplied by n image data into a first data storage area after receiving the write-in enabling signal of the ping-pan control module;
and the second data storage module stores the input m multiplied by n image data into a second data storage area after receiving the write-in enabling signal of the ping-pan control module.
7. The radiation-resistant chip-based light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PAL format video coding module complies with PAL-D standard and comprises a pixel counter, a line sync pulse generator, a line blanking pulse generator, a field blanking pulse generator, an active video signal pulse generator;
the PAL system video coding module adopts a 27MHz system clock, uses a pixel counter pxlcnt to control and generate a line time sequence, uses a line counter lncnt to generate a field time sequence, the PAL-D standard specifies that each frame of image is 625 lines, the line frequency is 15625Hz, when the 27MHz clock is adopted, one line is scanned by 1728 clock cycles, therefore, the counting range of the pixel counter pxlcnt is 1-1728, the counting range of the line counter lncnt is 1-625, the scanning mode of the PAL system image adopts 2:1 interlaced scanning, one frame of image is divided into an odd field and an even field, each field scans 312.5 lines, blanking signals are transmitted in the reverse stroke of the lines and the fields, so that the reverse stroke return lines of the lines and the fields are not displayed on a fluorescent screen, line synchronization signals are transmitted in the blanking period, and field synchronization signals are transmitted in the field blanking period;
the method comprises the following concrete steps:
s1, after power-on starting, initializing a pixel counter pxlcnt to 1, initializing a line counter lncnt to 1, adding 1 to the pxlcnt every one clock cycle after the radiation image data storage module stores one frame of data, and setting the pxlcnt to 1 when the pxlcnt is 1728, wherein the counting range of the pxlcnt is 1-1728; adding 1 to lncnt when pxlcnt is 1728, setting 1 to lncnt when lncnt is 625 and pxlcnt is 1728, and counting the lncnt in the range of 1-625;
s2, judging whether the current image is an odd field or an even field by the line counter lncnt, executing step S3 when the current field is an odd field, and executing step S4 when the current field is an even field;
s3, when the current field is an odd field image, the odd field module generates PAL video data, and when the current line is an odd field blanking line, a field blanking pulse and a field synchronizing pulse are generated in the odd field blanking pulse generator and output; when the current behavior is an active video line, executing the steps S5-S7;
s4, when the current field is an even field image, the even field module generates PAL video data, when the current action is an even field blanking line, a field blanking pulse and a field synchronizing pulse are generated in the even field blanking pulse generator and output; when the current behavior is an active video line, executing the steps S5-S7;
s5, generating and outputting a line synchronization pulse by the line synchronization pulse generator;
s6, generating a line blanking pulse containing a color synchronizing signal by a line blanking pulse generator and outputting the line blanking pulse;
and S7, acquiring the current effective pixel value from the memory, generating a chrominance signal in the effective video signal generator, taking the current effective pixel value as a luminance signal, overlapping the luminance signal with the chrominance signal, generating an effective video signal and outputting the effective video signal.
8. The radiation-resistant chip-based light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photoelectric conversion module and the radiation image data storage module are implemented by using independent radiation-resistant chips.
9. The radiation-resistant chip-based light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the video stream timing control module, the image preprocessing module, the radiation image processing module, and the PAL system video coding module are integrated in the same radiation-resistant chip.
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