CN114222038B - Light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on radiation-resistant chip - Google Patents
Light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on radiation-resistant chip Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
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- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/42—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/54—Mounting of pick-up tubes, electronic image sensors, deviation or focusing coils
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
- H04N23/81—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for suppressing or minimising disturbance in the image signal generation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
- H04N25/63—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to dark current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
- H04N25/67—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to fixed-pattern noise, e.g. non-uniformity of response
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- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/222—Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment
- H04N5/262—Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects ; Cameras specially adapted for the electronic generation of special effects
- H04N5/2628—Alteration of picture size, shape, position or orientation, e.g. zooming, rotation, rolling, perspective, translation
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- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
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Abstract
The invention relates to a light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip, which comprises a video stream time sequence control module, a video stream time sequence control module and a video stream processing module, wherein the video stream time sequence control module sends instructions to other modules and receives status signals returned by the modules; the photoelectric conversion module is used for carrying out photoelectric conversion on the optical signals acquired by the optical system of the camera after receiving the acquisition starting instruction to obtain image digital signals; the image preprocessing module is used for storing the image digital signals, performing dead point processing, bright point processing, noise suppression and image clipping, and transmitting the clipped image data to the radiation image processing module; the radiation image processing module is used for carrying out median filtering, radiation low-noise estimation and radiation effect removal on the image data to obtain enhanced image data; a radiation image data storage module storing enhanced image data; and the PAL type video coding module is used for sequentially reading the image data in the storage module, coding and outputting the PAL type video of the image data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-radiation-resistance camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip, and belongs to the technical field of closed-circuit television monitoring in the nuclear industry.
Background
Radiation-resistant cameras in the nuclear industry closed-circuit television monitoring system are an indispensable safety monitoring device in various current radiation environments. The nuclear reactor monitoring system needs to continuously work in a radiation environment for a long time, operation and maintenance personnel acquire real-time video monitoring images through the camera to observe internal environments such as the nuclear reactor and the like so as to ensure safe operation of nuclear-related equipment, and meanwhile, the nuclear reactor monitoring system can also be used for confirming surrounding working conditions before certain equipment is controlled to execute specific operation so as to ensure operation correctness. Therefore, the radiation-resistant camera needs to have better radiation resistance, and can provide continuous visual observation capability during the operation of the nuclear reactor so as to ensure the safe and normal operation of equipment in a radiation environment.
At present, the device has been applied in the field of nuclear industry, but the use effect and the user demand have a certain gap. The traditional camera adopting the vacuum electron tube has the advantage of large total dosage, but is greatly influenced by illumination and temperature, the service life is generally less than 8000 hours, the working temperature range is between 0 and 50 ℃, the requirements of full-time startup and stable operation in the 1.5-year refueling period of most nuclear power stations cannot be met, and meanwhile, the problem that imaging cannot be performed can be solved under the environment with some temperature rise.
In recent years, solid-state radiation-resistant camera products are appeared, which adopt industrial camera cores, and from the system level perspective, the sensor is protected by a shell formed by high-density metal materials by adopting a reflective structural design, so that direct irradiation of high-energy particles is avoided. However, the product has a plurality of defects: in order to improve shielding performance, the wall body is thicker, so that the product weight is heavier, the performance is unstable, the energy penetrating power of particles is different, the higher the energy is, the stronger the penetrating power is, and the shielding shell with fixed thickness is adopted, so that the shielding requirements for particles with different energies cannot be met under different scenes, and the radiation resistance is unstable. Under the influence of the total dose and single particles, damage to the sensor and the processing circuit can occur, and normal imaging cannot be performed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: the electronic system of the light-weight radiation-resistant camera based on the radiation-resistant chip is provided, the processing process is efficient, the consumption of hardware resources is low, and the electronic system can be applied to an aerospace-level general control type radiation-resistant chip to realize the light-weight and high-reliability radiation-resistant camera electronic system.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a lightweight radioresistant camera electronic system based on radioresistant chip, this system includes video stream time sequence control module, photoelectric conversion module, image preprocessing module, radiation image processing module, radiation image data storage module, PAL mode video coding module, wherein:
the video stream timing control module is used for sending an acquisition starting instruction to the photoelectric conversion module after the video stream timing control module is electrified and started, and sending a preprocessing starting instruction to the image preprocessing module after receiving a photoelectric conversion completion signal sent by the photoelectric conversion module; after receiving the preprocessing completion signal, sending an image processing starting instruction to the radiation image processing module; after receiving the image processing completion signal, sending a storage start instruction to the radiation image data storage module; after receiving the image storage completion signal, sending a coding start instruction to the PAL mode video coding module;
the photoelectric conversion module is used for carrying out photoelectric conversion on the optical signals collected by the optical system of the camera after receiving the collection starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module to obtain image analog electric signals, converting the image analog electric signals into image digital signals and sending the image digital signals to the image preprocessing module, and sending photoelectric conversion completion signals to the video stream time sequence control module;
the image preprocessing module is used for storing the image digital signals sent by the photoelectric conversion module after receiving the preprocessing starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module, carrying out dead point processing, bright point processing, noise suppression and image clipping on the stored image data frames after collecting one frame of image digital signals, sending the clipped image data to the radiation image processing module, and sending preprocessing completion signals to the video stream time sequence control module;
the radiation image processing module is used for collecting one frame of image data sent by the image preprocessing module after receiving an image processing starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module, carrying out median filtering, radiation low-noise estimation and radiation effect removal to obtain enhanced image data, sending the enhanced image data to the image data storage module, and sending an image processing completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module;
the radiation image data storage module is used for storing the image data sent by the radiation image processing module after receiving the storage start instruction sent by the video stream timing control module and sending an image storage completion signal to the video stream timing control module;
and the PAL type video coding module is used for sequentially reading the image data in the radiation image data storage module after receiving the coding start instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module, carrying out PAL type video coding output on the image data and sending a coding output completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module.
Preferably, the video stream timing control module is implemented by a state machine, specifically including 7 states, sta0 to sta6 respectively, initialized to sta0, and the specific operation of the state machine is as follows:
sta0: after receiving a hardware power-on starting completion signal of the camera electronic system, jumping to sta1;
sta1: sending an acquisition starting instruction to the photoelectric conversion module, and jumping to sta2;
sta2: waiting for the photoelectric conversion module to perform photoelectric conversion; after receiving the photoelectric conversion completion signal, sending an image preprocessing starting instruction to an image preprocessing module, and jumping to sta3;
sta3: waiting for an image preprocessing module to perform image preprocessing; after receiving the preprocessing completion signal, sending an image processing starting instruction to the radiation image processing module, and jumping to sta4;
sta4: waiting for the radiation image processing module to process the radiation image; after receiving the image processing completion signal, sending an image storage starting instruction to the radiation image storage module, and jumping to sta5;
sta5: waiting for the radiation image storage module to store images; after receiving the image storage completion signal, sending a video coding start instruction to the PAL mode video coding module, and jumping to sta6;
sta6: waiting for the PAL mode video coding module to perform PAL mode video coding output; after receiving the video encoding output completion signal, jump to sta1.
Preferably, the photoelectric conversion module comprises a clock control module, a sensor reading control module, an image sensing module and an analog-digital conversion module;
the clock control module is used for generating a working clock of the image sensing module;
the sensor reading control module generates address signals, reset signals, exposure signals and reading time sequence control signals according to time sequence control requirements of the image sensing module and outputs the address signals, the reset signals, the exposure signals and the reading time sequence control signals to corresponding control pins of the image sensing module;
the image sensing module is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the optical signals collected by the optical system of the camera to obtain image analog electric signals and outputting photoelectric conversion completion signals to the video stream time sequence control module;
and the analog-digital conversion module is used for carrying out analog-digital conversion on the image analog electric signal output by the image sensing module to obtain an image digital electric signal, and outputting the image digital electric signal to the image preprocessing module in parallel.
Preferably, the image preprocessing module includes: the system comprises an image caching module, a dead point processing module, a bright point processing module, a fixed noise suppression module and an image clipping module;
the image buffer module is used for storing one frame of image data, the sizes of the image data are M multiplied by N, the number of columns and the number of rows of pixel points of the optical acquisition image are corresponding to M multiplied by N, and the quantization bit number of the image data of each pixel point is L, wherein L is more than or equal to 10;
the dead pixel processing module traverses the data of each pixel point in the image caching module, finds out the dead pixel, carries out smoothing processing on the dead pixel, and updates the data in the image caching module;
the bright point processing module traverses the data of each pixel point in the image caching module to find out bright points, performs smoothing processing on the bright point data and updates the data in the image caching module;
the fixed noise suppression module is used for traversing the image data after the dead pixel processing and the bright point processing and subtracting the fixed noise value of the sensor at the corresponding position;
and the image clipping module clips the image data with the size of M multiplied by N by taking the midpoint of the image data with the size of M multiplied by N obtained after noise suppression as the center, and the midpoint of the image data after clipping is consistent with the midpoint of the image data before clipping.
Preferably, the radiation image processing module comprises a median filtering module, a radiation background noise estimation module and a radiation effect removal module;
the median filtering module carries out 1×3 median filtering on the image data processed by the image preprocessing module line by line;
the radiation background noise estimation module traverses the image data after median filtering, and adopts an bubbling sequencing method to obtain a minimum value as a radiation estimation noise threshold;
the radiation effect removing module subtracts the radiation estimation noise threshold value from the image value after median filtering, and adopts a linear stretching algorithm to carry out enhancement operation on the whole image.
Preferably, the radiation image data storage module comprises a ping-ping control module, a first data storage module and a second data storage module;
the ping-pang control module initializes the pixel count variable to 0, initializes the image frame count variable to 0, counts the number of image pixels, adds 1 to the image frame count variable when the number of the pixel counts reaches m multiplied by n, and sets the pixel count variable to 0; transmitting a write enable signal of the image data to the first data storage module when the image frame count variable is odd, and transmitting a write enable signal of the image data to the second data storage module when the image frame count variable is even;
the first data storage module stores the input m multiplied by n image data into the first data storage area after receiving the writing enabling signal of the ping-pang control module;
and the second data storage module stores the input m multiplied by n image data into the second data storage area after receiving the writing enabling signal of the ping-pang control module.
The PAL system video coding module follows PAL-D standard and comprises a pixel counter, a line synchronous pulse generator, a line blanking pulse generator, a field blanking pulse generator and an effective video signal pulse generator;
the PAL mode video coding module adopts a 27MHz system clock, uses a pixel counter pxlcnt to control and generate line time sequence, uses a line counter lncnt to generate field time sequence, and uses a PAL-D standard to prescribe that each frame of image is 625 lines, the line frequency is 15625Hz, when adopting the 27MHz clock, one line is scanned and needs 1728 clock cycles, therefore, the counting range of the pixel counter pxlcnt is 1-1728, the counting range of the line counter lncnt is 1-625, the scanning mode of the PAL mode image adopts 2:1 interlaced scanning, one frame of image is divided into an odd field and an even field, each field scans 312.5 lines, and the line and the field are reversely transmitted and blanked to ensure that the line and the field reversely scanned lines are not displayed on the fluorescent screen, the line synchronizing signal is transmitted during the line blanking period, and the field synchronizing signal is transmitted during the field blanking period;
the specific implementation steps are as follows:
s1, initializing a pixel counter pxlcnt to 1 after power-on and initializing a line counter lncnt to 1, adding 1 to the pxlcnt every one clock period after the radiation image data storage module stores one frame of data, setting the pxlcnt to 1 when the pxlcnt=1728, and setting the pxlcnt counting range to 1-1728; when pxlcnt=1728, lncnt is added with 1, when lncnt=625 and pxlcnt=1728, lncnt is set to 1, and the counting range of lncnt is 1-625;
s2, judging whether the current image is an odd field or an even field by the line counter lncnt, executing the step S3 when the current field is the odd field, and executing the step S4 when the current field is the even field;
s3, generating PAL-mode video data by an odd field module when the current behavior is odd field blanking, generating a field blanking pulse and a field synchronization pulse in an odd field blanking pulse generator, and outputting the field blanking pulse; when the current behavior is effective in video, executing steps S5-S7;
s4, generating PAL-mode video data by an even field module when the current action is even field blanking, generating a field blanking pulse and a field synchronous pulse in an even field blanking pulse generator, and outputting the field blanking pulse; when the current behavior is effective in video, executing steps S5-S7;
s5, generating and outputting a row synchronous pulse by a row synchronous pulse generator;
s6, a line blanking pulse generator generates and outputs a line blanking pulse containing a color burst signal;
s7, acquiring a current effective pixel value from a memory, generating a chrominance signal in an effective video signal generator, and superposing the current effective pixel value serving as a luminance signal and the chrominance signal to generate and output an effective video signal.
Preferably, the photoelectric conversion module and the radiation image data storage module are both realized by independent radiation-resistant chips.
Preferably, the video stream timing control module, the image preprocessing module, the radiation image processing module and the PAL video coding module are integrated in the same radiation-resistant chip.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention discloses a light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip, which comprises a video stream time sequence control module, a photoelectric conversion module, an image preprocessing module, a radiation image processing module, a radiation image data storage module and a PAL (video coding) type video coding module, wherein all electronic systems can be realized through the design of an aerospace-level radiation-resistant chip.
(2) The invention realizes digital image acquisition through the photoelectric conversion module, can use the radiation-resistant CMOS sensor to form the image sensing module, has higher image definition compared with a vacuum camera tube, and has better and more stable radiation resistance compared with a common industrial CMOS sensor and a CCD sensor.
(3) The invention realizes the output of standard system video data by the PAL system video coding module, can realize the standard PAL system video coding in the radiation-resistant FPGA, and has higher radiation-resistant capability compared with the common industrial PAL coding chip on the premise of meeting the coding requirement.
(4) The video stream time sequence control module, the image preprocessing module, the radiation image processing module and the PAL type video coding module are realized in the same anti-radiation chip, a common industrial-level image processing chip is not required to be used in a radiation environment, the problems of image acquisition, preprocessing and processing and video coding under the condition of lacking a special anti-radiation image processing chip are solved, and the application of the aerospace-level general control type anti-radiation chip in the image field is expanded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a lightweight radiation-resistant camera electronic system architecture based on a radiation-resistant chip in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a photoelectric conversion module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an image preprocessing module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a radiation image processing architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a radiation image data storage module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a PAL video coding module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a PAL video line timing diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a PAL format video field data format diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a PAL video field timing diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The architecture and implementation of a lightweight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip of the present invention is further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, without limiting the scope of the invention in any way.
The light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on the radiation-resistant chip comprises a video stream time sequence control module, a photoelectric conversion module, an image preprocessing module, a radiation image processing module, a radiation image data storage module and a PAL type video coding module, wherein the video stream time sequence control module is shown in fig. 1:
the video stream timing control module is used for sending an acquisition starting instruction to the photoelectric conversion module after the video stream timing control module is electrified and started, and sending a preprocessing starting instruction to the image preprocessing module after receiving a photoelectric conversion completion signal sent by the photoelectric conversion module; after receiving the preprocessing completion signal, sending an image processing starting instruction to the radiation image processing module; after receiving the image processing completion signal, sending a storage start instruction to the radiation image data storage module; after receiving the image storage completion signal, sending a coding start instruction to the PAL mode video coding module; the photoelectric conversion module is used for carrying out photoelectric conversion on the optical signals collected by the optical system of the camera after receiving the collection starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module to obtain image analog electric signals, converting the image analog electric signals into image digital signals and sending the image digital signals to the image preprocessing module, and sending photoelectric conversion completion signals to the video stream time sequence control module;
the image preprocessing module is used for storing the image digital signals sent by the photoelectric conversion module after receiving the preprocessing starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module, carrying out dead point processing, bright point processing, noise suppression and image clipping on the stored image data frames after collecting one frame of image digital signals, sending the clipped image data to the radiation image processing module, and sending preprocessing completion signals to the video stream time sequence control module;
the radiation image processing module is used for collecting one frame of image data sent by the image preprocessing module after receiving an image processing starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module, carrying out median filtering, radiation low-noise estimation and radiation effect removal to obtain enhanced image data, sending the enhanced image data to the image data storage module, and sending an image processing state signal to the video stream time sequence control module;
the radiation image data storage module is used for storing the image data sent by the radiation image processing module after receiving the storage start instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module and sending a graph storage completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module;
and the PAL type video coding module is used for sequentially reading the image data in the radiation image data storage module after receiving the coding start instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module, carrying out PAL type video coding output on the image data and sending a coding output completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module.
2. Video stream time sequence control module
The video stream time sequence control module is realized by a state machine, and specifically comprises 7 states, namely sta0 to sta6, and is initialized to sta0, wherein the specific operation of the state machine is as follows:
sta0: after receiving a hardware power-on starting completion signal of the camera electronic system, jumping to sta1;
sta1: sending an acquisition starting instruction to the photoelectric conversion module, and jumping to sta2;
sta2: waiting for the photoelectric conversion module to perform photoelectric conversion; after receiving the photoelectric conversion completion signal, sending an image preprocessing starting instruction to an image preprocessing module, and jumping to sta3;
sta3: waiting for an image preprocessing module to perform image preprocessing; after receiving the preprocessing completion signal, sending an image processing starting instruction to the radiation image processing module, and jumping to sta4;
sta4: waiting for the radiation image processing module to process the radiation image; after receiving the image processing completion signal, sending an image storage starting instruction to the radiation image storage module, and jumping to sta5;
sta5: waiting for the radiation image storage module to store images; after receiving the image storage completion signal, sending a video coding start instruction to the PAL mode video coding module, and jumping to sta6;
sta6: waiting for the PAL mode video coding module to perform PAL mode video coding output; after receiving the video encoding output completion signal, jump to sta1.
3. Photoelectric conversion module
The photoelectric conversion module comprises a clock control module, a sensor reading control module, an image sensing module and an analog-digital conversion module, as shown in fig. 2:
the clock control module is used for generating a working clock of the image sensing module, and a DCM IP is used for checking the frequency division of the 27MHz system clock to generate a 13.5MHz clock;
the sensor reading control module generates address signals, reset signals, exposure signals and reading time sequence control signals according to time sequence control requirements of the image sensing module and outputs the address signals, the reset signals, the exposure signals and the reading time sequence control signals to corresponding control pins of the image sensing module;
the image sensing module adopts a radiation-resistant CMOS image sensor, performs photoelectric conversion on an optical signal acquired by an optical system of a camera to obtain an image analog electric signal, and outputs a photoelectric conversion completion signal to the video stream timing control module;
and the analog-digital conversion module is used for carrying out analog-digital conversion on the image analog electric signal with the voltage of 0-3.3V output by the image sensing module to obtain the image digital electric signal with the size of 0-1024, and outputting the image digital electric signal to the image preprocessing module in parallel.
4. Image preprocessing module
The image preprocessing module comprises an image caching module, a dead pixel processing module, a bright point processing module, a fixed noise suppression module and an image clipping module, as shown in fig. 3:
the image buffer module is used for storing the image data output by the photoelectric conversion module, the size of the image data is 1024 x 1024, the image buffer module corresponds to the number of columns and the number of rows of the optically acquired image pixel points respectively, and the quantization bit number of the image data of each pixel point is 10;
the dead pixel processing module traverses the data of each pixel point in the image caching module, finds out the pixel point with the value lower than a preset dead pixel threshold value, marks the pixel point as a dead pixel, performs smoothing processing on the dead pixel data, and updates the data in the image caching module;
the bright point processing module traverses the data of each pixel point in the image caching module, finds out the pixel point with the value higher than a preset bright point threshold value, marks the pixel point as a bright point, performs smoothing processing on the bright point data, and updates the data in the image caching module;
and the fixed noise suppression module is used for traversing the image data after the dead pixel processing and the bright point processing and subtracting the sensor fixed noise value of the corresponding position acquired in advance. The acquisition method of the sensor fixed noise at the corresponding position is that when the sensor does not output an optical signal, image data output by the sensor is acquired, namely the sensor fixed noise;
and the image clipping module clips the image data with the size of 720 x 576 by taking the midpoint of the image data with the size of 1024 x 1024 obtained after noise suppression as the center, and the midpoint of the image data after clipping is consistent with the midpoint of the image data before clipping.
5. Radiation image processing module
The radiation image processing module comprises a median filtering module, a radiation background noise estimation module and a radiation effect removing module, as shown in fig. 4:
the median filtering module carries out 1×3 median filtering on the image data processed by the image preprocessing module line by line;
the radiation background noise estimation module traverses the image data after median filtering, and adopts an bubbling sequencing method to obtain a minimum value as a radiation estimation noise threshold;
the radiation effect removing module subtracts the radiation estimation noise threshold value from the image value after median filtering, and adopts a linear stretching algorithm to carry out enhancement operation on the whole image.
6. Radiation image data storage module
The radiation image data storage module comprises a ping-pang control module, a first data storage module and a second data storage module, as shown in fig. 5:
the ping-pang control module initializes the pixel count variable to 0, initializes the image frame count variable to 0, counts the number of image pixels, adds 1 to the image frame count variable when the number of the pixel counts reaches 720×576, and sets the pixel count variable to 0; transmitting a write enable signal of the image data to the first data storage module when the image frame count variable is odd, and transmitting a write enable signal of the image data to the second data storage module when the image frame count variable is even;
the first data storage module stores the input 720 multiplied by 576 image data into the first data storage area after receiving the writing enabling signal of the ping-pang control module;
and the second data storage module stores the input 720 multiplied by 576 image data into the second data storage area after receiving the writing enabling signal of the ping-pang control module.
7. PAL system video coding module
The PAL type video coding module mainly comprises a pixel counter, a line synchronous pulse generator, a line blanking pulse generator, a field blanking pulse generator and an effective video signal pulse generator, and the PAL type video coding is in accordance with the PAL-D standard (GB 3174-1995);
the PAL system video coding module adopts a 27MHz system clock, uses a pixel counter pxlcnt to control and generate line time sequence, uses a line counter lncnt to generate field time sequence, and uses a PAL-D standard to prescribe that each frame of image is 625 lines, the line frequency is 15625Hz, when adopting the 27MHz clock, one line is scanned and needs 1728 clock cycles, therefore, the counting range of the pixel counter pxlcnt is 1-1728, the counting range of the line counter lncnt is 1-625, the scanning mode of the PAL system image adopts 2:1 interlacing scanning, one frame of image is divided into an odd field and an even field, each field scans 312.5 lines, in order to be capable of displaying the image on a display, the image signals are transmitted in the forward of the lines and the fields, the blanking signals are transmitted in the backward of the lines and the fields, the line and the field back scanning lines are not displayed on the fluorescent screen, and the line synchronizing signals are transmitted in the blanking period for correctly reproducing the image;
as shown in fig. 6, the specific implementation steps of the PAL video coding module are as follows:
s1, initializing a pixel counter pxlcnt to 1 after power-on and initializing a line counter lncnt to 1, adding 1 to the pxlcnt every one clock period after the radiation image data storage module stores one frame of data, setting the pxlcnt to 1 when the pxlcnt=1728, and setting the pxlcnt counting range to 1-1728; when pxlcnt=1728, lncnt is added with 1, when lncnt=625 and pxlcnt=1728, lncnt is set to 1, and the counting range of lncnt is 1-625;
s2, according to FIG. 8, judging whether the current image is an odd field or an even field by a line counter lncnt, executing step 3 when the current field is the odd field, and executing step 4 when the current field is the even field;
s3, generating PAL video data by an odd field module according to the time sequence requirements of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, generating a field blanking pulse and a field synchronous pulse in an odd field blanking pulse generator when the current behavior is odd field blanking; when the current behavior is effective in video, executing the steps 5-7;
s4, generating PAL-mode video data by an even field module according to the time sequence requirements of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, generating a field blanking pulse and a field synchronous pulse in an even field blanking pulse generator when the current action is even field blanking; when the current behavior is effective in video, executing the steps 5-7;
s5, according to the time sequence requirement of FIG. 7, controlling the time sequence by the pxlcnt, and generating and outputting a row synchronization pulse by a row synchronization pulse generator;
s6, according to the time sequence requirement of FIG. 7, controlling the time sequence by the pxlcnt, generating and outputting a line blanking pulse containing a color burst signal by a line blanking pulse generator;
s7, according to the time sequence requirement of FIG. 7, the time sequence is controlled by the pxlcnt, the current effective pixel value is obtained from the memory, the chrominance signal is generated in the effective video signal generator, the current effective pixel value is used as the luminance signal, and is overlapped with the chrominance signal to generate and output the effective video signal.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the embodiments, and any person skilled in the art can make any possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention by using the methods and technical matters disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, so any simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications to the embodiments described above according to the technical matters of the present invention are within the scope of the technical matters of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on the radiation-resistant chip is characterized by comprising a video stream time sequence control module, a photoelectric conversion module, an image preprocessing module, a radiation image processing module, a radiation image data storage module and a PAL (PAL) type video coding module, wherein:
the video stream timing control module is used for sending an acquisition starting instruction to the photoelectric conversion module after the video stream timing control module is electrified and started, and sending a preprocessing starting instruction to the image preprocessing module after receiving a photoelectric conversion completion signal sent by the photoelectric conversion module; after receiving the preprocessing completion signal, sending an image processing starting instruction to the radiation image processing module; after receiving the image processing completion signal, sending a storage start instruction to the radiation image data storage module; after receiving the image storage completion signal, sending a coding start instruction to the PAL mode video coding module;
the photoelectric conversion module is used for carrying out photoelectric conversion on the optical signals collected by the optical system of the camera after receiving the collection starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module to obtain image analog electric signals, converting the image analog electric signals into image digital signals and sending the image digital signals to the image preprocessing module, and sending photoelectric conversion completion signals to the video stream time sequence control module;
the image preprocessing module is used for storing the image digital signals sent by the photoelectric conversion module after receiving the preprocessing starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module, carrying out dead point processing, bright point processing, noise suppression and image clipping on the stored image data frames after collecting one frame of image digital signals, sending the clipped image data to the radiation image processing module, and sending preprocessing completion signals to the video stream time sequence control module;
the radiation image processing module is used for collecting one frame of image data sent by the image preprocessing module after receiving an image processing starting instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module, carrying out median filtering, radiation low-noise estimation and radiation effect removal to obtain enhanced image data, sending the enhanced image data to the image data storage module, and sending an image processing completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module;
the radiation image data storage module is used for storing the image data sent by the radiation image processing module after receiving the storage start instruction sent by the video stream timing control module and sending an image storage completion signal to the video stream timing control module;
the PAL type video coding module sequentially reads the image data in the radiation image data storage module after receiving the coding start instruction sent by the video stream time sequence control module, carries out PAL type video coding output on the image data, and sends a coding output completion signal to the video stream time sequence control module;
the photoelectric conversion module and the radiation image data storage module are all realized by independent radiation-resistant chips;
the video stream time sequence control module, the image preprocessing module, the radiation image processing module and the PAL type video coding module are integrated in the same radiation-resistant chip.
2. The radiation-resistant chip-based lightweight radiation-resistant camera electronic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the video stream timing control module is implemented by a state machine, and specifically comprises 7 states, namely sta0 to sta6, respectively, initialized to sta0, and the specific operations of the state machine are as follows:
sta0: after receiving a hardware power-on starting completion signal of the camera electronic system, jumping to sta1;
sta1: sending an acquisition starting instruction to the photoelectric conversion module, and jumping to sta2;
sta2: waiting for the photoelectric conversion module to perform photoelectric conversion; after receiving the photoelectric conversion completion signal, sending an image preprocessing starting instruction to an image preprocessing module, and jumping to sta3;
sta3: waiting for an image preprocessing module to perform image preprocessing; after receiving the preprocessing completion signal, sending an image processing starting instruction to the radiation image processing module, and jumping to sta4;
sta4: waiting for the radiation image processing module to process the radiation image; after receiving the image processing completion signal, sending an image storage starting instruction to the radiation image storage module, and jumping to sta5;
sta5: waiting for the radiation image storage module to store images; after receiving the image storage completion signal, sending a video coding start instruction to the PAL mode video coding module, and jumping to sta6;
sta6: waiting for the PAL mode video coding module to perform PAL mode video coding output; after receiving the video encoding output completion signal, jump to sta1.
3. The radiation-resistant chip-based lightweight radiation-resistant camera electronic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photoelectric conversion module comprises a clock control module, a sensor reading control module, an image sensing module and an analog-to-digital conversion module;
the clock control module is used for generating a working clock of the image sensing module;
the sensor reading control module generates address signals, reset signals, exposure signals and reading time sequence control signals according to time sequence control requirements of the image sensing module and outputs the address signals, the reset signals, the exposure signals and the reading time sequence control signals to corresponding control pins of the image sensing module;
the image sensing module is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the optical signals collected by the optical system of the camera to obtain image analog electric signals and outputting photoelectric conversion completion signals to the video stream time sequence control module;
and the analog-digital conversion module is used for carrying out analog-digital conversion on the image analog electric signal output by the image sensing module to obtain an image digital electric signal, and outputting the image digital electric signal to the image preprocessing module in parallel.
4. The radiation-resistant chip-based lightweight, radiation-resistant camera electronic system of claim 1, wherein said image preprocessing module comprises: the system comprises an image caching module, a dead point processing module, a bright point processing module, a fixed noise suppression module and an image clipping module;
the image buffer module is used for storing one frame of image data, the sizes of the image data are M multiplied by N, the number of columns and the number of rows of pixel points of the optical acquisition image are corresponding to M multiplied by N, and the quantization bit number of the image data of each pixel point is L, wherein L is more than or equal to 10;
the dead pixel processing module traverses the data of each pixel point in the image caching module, finds out the dead pixel, carries out smoothing processing on the dead pixel, and updates the data in the image caching module;
the bright point processing module traverses the data of each pixel point in the image caching module to find out bright points, performs smoothing processing on the bright point data and updates the data in the image caching module;
the fixed noise suppression module is used for traversing the image data after the dead pixel processing and the bright point processing and subtracting the fixed noise value of the sensor at the corresponding position;
and the image clipping module clips the image data with the size of M multiplied by N by taking the midpoint of the image data with the size of M multiplied by N obtained after noise suppression as the center, and the midpoint of the image data after clipping is consistent with the midpoint of the image data before clipping.
5. The radiation-resistant chip-based lightweight radiation-resistant camera electronic system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radiation image processing module comprises a median filtering module, a radiation background noise estimation module and a radiation effect removal module;
the median filtering module carries out 1×3 median filtering on the image data processed by the image preprocessing module line by line;
the radiation background noise estimation module traverses the image data after median filtering, and adopts an bubbling sequencing method to obtain a minimum value as a radiation estimation noise threshold;
the radiation effect removing module subtracts the radiation estimation noise threshold value from the image value after median filtering, and adopts a linear stretching algorithm to carry out enhancement operation on the whole image.
6. The radiation-resistant chip-based lightweight, radiation-resistant camera electronic system of claim 1, wherein said radiation image data storage module comprises a ping-pang control module, a first data storage module, a second data storage module;
the ping-pang control module initializes the pixel count variable to 0, initializes the image frame count variable to 0, counts the number of image pixels, adds 1 to the image frame count variable when the number of the pixel counts reaches m multiplied by n, and sets the pixel count variable to 0; transmitting a write enable signal of the image data to the first data storage module when the image frame count variable is odd, and transmitting a write enable signal of the image data to the second data storage module when the image frame count variable is even;
the first data storage module stores the input m multiplied by n image data into the first data storage area after receiving the writing enabling signal of the ping-pang control module;
and the second data storage module stores the input m multiplied by n image data into the second data storage area after receiving the writing enabling signal of the ping-pang control module.
7. The radiation-resistant chip-based lightweight, radiation-resistant camera electronic system of claim 1, wherein said PAL-format video coding module complies with PAL-D standards and comprises a pixel counter, a line sync pulse generator, a line blanking pulse generator, a vertical blanking pulse generator, and a valid video signal pulse generator;
the PAL mode video coding module adopts a 27MHz system clock, uses a pixel counter pxlcnt to control and generate line time sequence, uses a line counter lncnt to generate field time sequence, and uses a PAL-D standard to prescribe that each frame of image is 625 lines, the line frequency is 15625Hz, when adopting the 27MHz clock, one line is scanned and needs 1728 clock cycles, therefore, the counting range of the pixel counter pxlcnt is 1-1728, the counting range of the line counter lncnt is 1-625, the scanning mode of the PAL mode image adopts 2:1 interlaced scanning, one frame of image is divided into an odd field and an even field, each field scans 312.5 lines, and the line and the field are reversely transmitted and blanked to ensure that the line and the field reversely scanned lines are not displayed on the fluorescent screen, the line synchronizing signal is transmitted during the line blanking period, and the field synchronizing signal is transmitted during the field blanking period;
the specific implementation steps are as follows:
s1, initializing a pixel counter pxlcnt to 1 after power-on and initializing a line counter lncnt to 1, adding 1 to the pxlcnt every one clock period after the radiation image data storage module stores one frame of data, setting the pxlcnt to 1 when the pxlcnt=1728, and setting the pxlcnt counting range to 1-1728; when pxlcnt=1728, lncnt is added with 1, when lncnt=625 and pxlcnt=1728, lncnt is set to 1, and the counting range of lncnt is 1-625;
s2, judging whether the current image is an odd field or an even field by the line counter lncnt, executing the step S3 when the current field is the odd field, and executing the step S4 when the current field is the even field;
s3, generating PAL-mode video data by an odd field module when the current behavior is odd field blanking, generating a field blanking pulse and a field synchronization pulse in an odd field blanking pulse generator, and outputting the field blanking pulse; when the current behavior is effective in video, executing steps S5-S7;
s4, generating PAL-mode video data by an even field module when the current action is even field blanking, generating a field blanking pulse and a field synchronous pulse in an even field blanking pulse generator, and outputting the field blanking pulse; when the current behavior is effective in video, executing steps S5-S7;
s5, generating and outputting a row synchronous pulse by a row synchronous pulse generator;
s6, a line blanking pulse generator generates and outputs a line blanking pulse containing a color burst signal;
s7, acquiring a current effective pixel value from a memory, generating a chrominance signal in an effective video signal generator, and superposing the current effective pixel value serving as a luminance signal and the chrominance signal to generate and output an effective video signal.
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