CN114222038B - A Lightweight Radiation-Resistant Camera Electronic System Based on Radiation-Resistant Chip - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip, which comprises a video stream time sequence control module, a video stream time sequence control module and a video stream processing module, wherein the video stream time sequence control module sends instructions to other modules and receives status signals returned by the modules; the photoelectric conversion module is used for carrying out photoelectric conversion on the optical signals acquired by the optical system of the camera after receiving the acquisition starting instruction to obtain image digital signals; the image preprocessing module is used for storing the image digital signals, performing dead point processing, bright point processing, noise suppression and image clipping, and transmitting the clipped image data to the radiation image processing module; the radiation image processing module is used for carrying out median filtering, radiation low-noise estimation and radiation effect removal on the image data to obtain enhanced image data; a radiation image data storage module storing enhanced image data; and the PAL type video coding module is used for sequentially reading the image data in the storage module, coding and outputting the PAL type video of the image data.

Description

A Lightweight Radiation-Resistant Camera Electronic System Based on Radiation-Resistant Chip

technical field

The invention relates to a high-radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip, which belongs to the technical field of closed-circuit television monitoring in the nuclear industry.

Background technique

The radiation-resistant camera in the closed-circuit television monitoring system of the nuclear industry is an indispensable safety monitoring device in various radiation environments. It needs to work continuously in the radiation environment for a long time. The operation and maintenance personnel collect real-time video surveillance images through the camera to observe the internal environment such as nuclear reactors to ensure the safe operation of nuclear equipment. At the same time, it can also be used to control the execution of certain types of equipment. Before a specific operation, confirm the surrounding working conditions to ensure the correctness of the operation. Therefore, radiation-resistant cameras need to have better radiation resistance, and can provide continuous visual observation capabilities during the operation of nuclear reactors to ensure the safe and normal operation of equipment in radiation environments.

At present, this kind of equipment has been used in the nuclear industry, but there is a certain gap between the effect of use and the needs of users. Although the traditional vacuum tube camera has the advantage of large total dose, it is greatly affected by light and temperature, and its service life is usually less than 8000 hours, and the working temperature range is between 0-50 degrees, which cannot meet the 1.5-year requirements of most nuclear power plants. Full-time startup and stable operation are required during the refueling cycle. At the same time, in some environments where the temperature rises, there will be problems that cannot be imaged.

In recent years, solid-state radiation-resistant camera products have emerged. This type of product uses an industrial-grade camera core. From a system-level perspective, it adopts a reflective structure design so that the sensor is protected by a shell composed of high-density metal materials to avoid high-energy particles. of direct exposure. However, there are many deficiencies in this product: In order to improve the shielding performance, the wall is thicker, resulting in heavier product weight, unstable performance, and different energy penetration of particles. The higher the energy, the stronger the penetration ability, and the shielding with a fixed thickness is adopted The shell cannot meet the protection requirements for particles with different energies in different scenarios, resulting in unstable radiation resistance. Under the influence of total dose and single particle, the sensor and processing circuit will be damaged, and normal imaging will not be possible.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem solved by the present invention is: to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip is proposed, the processing process is efficient, the hardware resource consumption is small, and it can be used in aerospace-level general-control radiation-resistant On-chip application to realize a lightweight and highly reliable radiation-resistant camera electronic system.

The solution to the technical problem of the present invention is: a light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip, which includes a video stream timing control module, a photoelectric conversion module, an image preprocessing module, a radiation image processing module, and a radiation image data Storage module, PAL standard video coding module, wherein:

The video stream timing control module, after being powered on, sends a collection start command to the photoelectric conversion module, and after receiving the photoelectric conversion completion signal sent by the photoelectric conversion module, sends a preprocessing start command to the image preprocessing module; receives the preprocessing completion signal Afterwards, send the image processing start command to the radiation image processing module; after receiving the image processing completion signal, send the storage start command to the radiation image data storage module; after receiving the image storage completion signal, send the encoding start command to the PAL video encoding module ;

The photoelectric conversion module, after receiving the acquisition start command issued by the video stream timing control module, performs photoelectric conversion on the optical signal collected by the optical system of the camera to obtain an image analog electrical signal, converts the image analog electrical signal into an image digital signal and sends it to An image preprocessing module, and sends a photoelectric conversion completion signal to the video stream timing control module;

The image preprocessing module, after receiving the preprocessing start instruction from the video stream timing control module, stores the image digital signal sent by the photoelectric conversion module, and after collecting a frame of image digital signal, performs dead point processing on the stored image data frame , bright spot processing, noise suppression, image cropping, sending the cropped image data to the radiation image processing module, and sending a preprocessing completion signal to the video stream timing control module;

The radiation image processing module, after receiving the image processing start command issued by the video stream timing control module, collects a frame of image data sent by the image preprocessing module, performs median filtering, radiation low-noise estimation, and radiation effect removal to obtain an enhanced image data, sending the enhanced image data to the image data storage module, and sending an image processing completion signal to the video stream timing control module;

The radiation image data storage module stores the image data sent by the radiation image processing module after receiving the storage start instruction sent by the video stream timing control module, and sends an image storage completion signal to the video stream timing control module;

The PAL standard video encoding module, after receiving the encoding start instruction sent by the video stream timing control module, sequentially reads the image data in the radiation image data storage module, performs PAL standard video encoding output on the image data, and sends to the video stream timing control module Send an encoded output complete signal.

Preferably, the video stream timing control module is implemented using a state machine, specifically including 7 states, respectively sta0-sta6, initialized to sta0, and the specific operations of the state machine are:

sta0: Jump to sta1 after receiving the hardware power-on and start-up completion signal of the camera electronic system;

sta1: Send the acquisition start command to the photoelectric conversion module and jump to sta2;

sta2: Wait for the photoelectric conversion module to perform photoelectric conversion; after receiving the photoelectric conversion completion signal, send the image preprocessing start command to the image preprocessing module and jump to sta3;

sta3: wait for the image preprocessing module to perform image preprocessing; after receiving the preprocessing completion signal, send an image processing start command to the radiation image processing module, and jump to sta4;

sta4: Wait for the radiation image processing module to process the radiation image; after receiving the image processing completion signal, send the image storage start command to the radiation image storage module, and jump to sta5;

sta5: Waiting for the radiation image storage module to store the image; after receiving the image storage completion signal, send a video encoding start command to the PAL video encoding module, and jump to sta6;

sta6: Wait for the PAL video coding module to output the PAL video coding; after receiving the video coding output completion signal, jump to sta1.

Preferably, the photoelectric conversion module includes a clock control module, a sensor reading control module, an image sensing module, and an analog-to-digital conversion module;

A clock control module is used to generate the working clock of the image sensing module;

The sensor reading control module, according to the timing control requirements of the image sensing module, generates address signals, reset signals, exposure signals, and read timing control signals and outputs them to the corresponding control pins of the image sensing module;

The image sensing module performs photoelectric conversion on the optical signal collected by the optical system of the camera to obtain an image analog electrical signal, and outputs a photoelectric conversion completion signal to the video stream timing control module;

The analog-to-digital conversion module performs analog-to-digital conversion on the image analog electrical signal output by the image sensing module to obtain an image digital electrical signal, and outputs it to the image preprocessing module in parallel.

Preferably, the image preprocessing module includes: an image cache module, a dead point processing module, a bright spot processing module, a fixed noise suppression module, and an image cropping module;

The image cache module is used to store a frame of image data, the size of which is M×N, where M and N correspond to the number of columns and rows of optically collected image pixels, and the number of quantized digits of each pixel image data is L, and L is greater than or equal to 10 ;

The dead point processing module traverses the data of each pixel in the image cache module, finds out the bad point, smoothes the bad point data, and updates the data in the image cache module;

The bright spot processing module traverses the data of each pixel in the image cache module, finds the bright spot, smoothes the bright spot data, and updates the data in the image cache module;

The fixed noise suppression module traverses the image data after bad point processing and bright point processing, and subtracts the fixed noise value of the sensor at the corresponding position;

The image cropping module takes the midpoint of the image data with a size of M×N obtained after noise suppression as the center, and cuts out the image data with a size of m×n, and the midpoint of the cropped image data remains the same as the midpoint of the image data before cropping unanimous.

Preferably, the radiation image processing module includes a median filter module, a radiation noise floor estimation module, and a radiation effect removal module;

The median filter module performs 1×3 median filter row by row on the image data processed by the image preprocessing module;

The radiation noise floor estimation module traverses the image data after median filtering, and uses the bubble sorting method to obtain the minimum value as the radiation estimation noise threshold;

The radiation effect removal module subtracts the radiation estimation noise threshold from the median filtered image value, and uses a linear stretching algorithm to enhance the entire image.

Preferably, the radiation image data storage module includes a ping-pang control module, a first data storage module, and a second data storage module;

The ping-pang control module initializes the pixel count variable to 0, initializes the image frame count variable to 0, and performs statistics on the number of image pixels. When the number of pixel counts reaches m×n, the image frame count variable adds 1, and the pixel count variable Set to 0; when the image frame count variable is an odd number, send the write enable signal of the image data to the first data storage module, and when the image frame count variable is an even number, send the write of the image data to the second data storage module enable signal;

The first data storage module, after receiving the write enable signal of the ping-pang control module, stores the input m×n image data into the first data storage area;

The second data storage module, after receiving the write enable signal from the ping-pang control module, stores the input m×n image data into the second data storage area.

The PAL system video coding module follows the PAL-D standard, including a pixel counter, a line counter, a line sync pulse generator, a line blanking pulse generator, a field blanking pulse generator, and an effective video signal pulse generator;

The PAL video encoding module uses a 27MHz system clock, uses the pixel counter pxlcnt to control the generation of line timing, and uses the line counter lncnt to generate field timing. According to the PAL-D standard, each frame of image is 625 lines, and the line frequency is 15625Hz. When using a 27MHz clock When scanning a line, it takes 1728 clock cycles, so the counting range of the pixel counter pxlcnt is 1~1728, and the counting range of the line counter lncnt is 1~625. Divided into two fields, odd field and even field, each field scans 312.5 lines, and transmits blanking signals during the line and field reverse travel, so that the line and field reverse retrace lines are not displayed on the fluorescent screen, and the line synchronization is sent during the line blanking period signal, sending a field synchronization signal during the field blanking period;

The specific implementation steps are as follows:

S1. After power-on, the pixel counter pxlcnt is initialized to 1, and the line counter lncnt is initialized to 1. After the radiation image data storage module stores a frame of data, pxlcnt is incremented by 1 every clock cycle. When pxlcnt=1728, pxlcnt Set 1, the counting range of pxlcnt is 1~1728; when pxlcnt=1728, add 1 to lncnt, when lncnt=625 and pxlcnt=1728, set lncnt to 1, and the counting range of lncnt is 1~625;

s2, judging whether the current image is an odd field or an even field by the line counter lncnt, when the previous field is an odd field, step S3 is performed, and when the previous field is an even field, step S4 is performed;

S3, the current field is an odd field image, the video data of the PAL system is generated by the odd field module, when the current behavior is the odd field blanking line, a field blanking pulse and a field synchronization pulse are generated in the odd field blanking pulse generator, and output; when the current behavior is an effective video line, execute steps S5-S7;

S4, the current field is an even field image, and the video data of the PAL system is generated by the even field module. When the current behavior is the even field blanking line, a field blanking pulse and a field synchronization pulse are generated in the even field blanking pulse generator, and output; when the current behavior is an effective video line, execute steps S5-S7;

S5, generating and outputting a horizontal synchronous pulse at the horizontal synchronous pulse generator;

S6, generating and outputting the line blanking pulse comprising the color burst signal at the line blanking pulse generator;

S7. Obtain the current effective pixel value from the memory, generate a chrominance signal in the effective video signal generator, use the current effective pixel value as a luminance signal, superimpose with the chrominance signal, generate and output an effective video signal.

Preferably, both the photoelectric conversion module and the radiation image data storage module are realized by independent anti-radiation chips.

Preferably, the video stream timing control module, image preprocessing module, radiation image processing module, and PAL video encoding module are integrated into the same radiation-resistant chip.

The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with prior art is:

(1), a light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip of the present invention, including a video stream timing control module, a photoelectric conversion module, an image preprocessing module, a radiation image processing module, a radiation image data storage module, and a PAL system The video coding module and all electronic systems can be realized through the design of aerospace-grade radiation-resistant chips. Compared with the existing electronic systems that can only be realized through ordinary industrial-grade chips, the shielding shell can be significantly reduced under the premise of meeting the requirements of the total radiation dose. Lightweight, highly reliable radiation-resistant camera electronic system is realized.

(2), the present invention realizes digitized image acquisition by the photoelectric conversion module, can use the radiation resistant CMOS sensor to form the image sensing module, compares the image clarity higher with the vacuum camera tube, compares with the common industrial grade CMOS sensor and the CCD sensor Radiation resistance is better and more stable.

(3), the present invention has realized the output of standard format video data in the PAL format video coding module, can realize standard PAL format video coding in radiation-resistant FPGA, compared with using common industrial grade PAL coding chip, meets coding requirement Under the premise, the radiation resistance of the electronic system is higher.

(4), the video stream timing control module, the image preprocessing module, the radiation image processing module, and the PAL video coding module in the present invention are implemented in the same radiation-resistant chip, without using ordinary industrial-grade image processing in the radiation environment The chip solves the problems of image acquisition, preprocessing and processing, and video encoding in the absence of a dedicated chip for anti-radiation image processing, and expands the application of aerospace-grade general-purpose control anti-radiation chips in the image field.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a kind of light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system architecture diagram based on the radiation-resistant chip of the present invention;

2 is a structural diagram of a photoelectric conversion module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the architecture diagram of the image preprocessing module of the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a radiation image processing architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a radiation image data storage module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the flow chart of PAL standard video coding module of the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a timing diagram of a PAL video line according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a data format diagram of a PAL system video field according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a timing diagram of a PAL video field according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Detailed ways

The structure and implementation method of a light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip of the present invention will be further described through embodiments below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited in any way.

A light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip. The system includes a video stream timing control module, a photoelectric conversion module, an image preprocessing module, a radiation image processing module, a radiation image data storage module, and a PAL video encoding module. As shown in Figure 1:

The video stream timing control module, after being powered on, sends a collection start command to the photoelectric conversion module, and after receiving the photoelectric conversion completion signal sent by the photoelectric conversion module, sends a preprocessing start command to the image preprocessing module; receives the preprocessing completion signal Afterwards, send the image processing start command to the radiation image processing module; after receiving the image processing completion signal, send the storage start command to the radiation image data storage module; after receiving the image storage completion signal, send the encoding start command to the PAL video encoding module ; The photoelectric conversion module, after receiving the acquisition start command issued by the video stream timing control module, performs photoelectric conversion on the optical signal collected by the optical system of the camera to obtain an image analog electrical signal, and converts the image analog electrical signal into an image digital signal for transmission To the image preprocessing module, and send the photoelectric conversion completion signal to the video stream timing control module;

The image preprocessing module, after receiving the preprocessing start instruction from the video stream timing control module, stores the image digital signal sent by the photoelectric conversion module, and after collecting a frame of image digital signal, performs dead point processing on the stored image data frame , bright spot processing, noise suppression, image cropping, sending the cropped image data to the radiation image processing module, and sending a preprocessing completion signal to the video stream timing control module;

The radiation image processing module, after receiving the image processing start command issued by the video stream timing control module, collects a frame of image data sent by the image preprocessing module, performs median filtering, radiation low-noise estimation, and radiation effect removal to obtain an enhanced image data, sending the enhanced image data to the image data storage module, and sending an image processing status signal to the video stream timing control module;

The radiation image data storage module stores the image data sent by the radiation image processing module after receiving the storage start instruction sent by the video stream timing control module, and sends a graphics storage completion signal to the video stream timing control module;

The PAL standard video encoding module, after receiving the encoding start instruction sent by the video stream timing control module, sequentially reads the image data in the radiation image data storage module, performs PAL standard video encoding output on the image data, and sends to the video stream timing control module Send an encoded output complete signal.

2. Video stream timing control module

The video stream timing control module is implemented by a state machine, which specifically includes 7 states, namely sta0~sta6, initialized to sta0, and the specific operation of the state machine is as follows:

sta0: Jump to sta1 after receiving the hardware power-on and start-up completion signal of the camera electronic system;

sta1: Send the acquisition start command to the photoelectric conversion module and jump to sta2;

sta2: Wait for the photoelectric conversion module to perform photoelectric conversion; after receiving the photoelectric conversion completion signal, send the image preprocessing start command to the image preprocessing module and jump to sta3;

sta3: wait for the image preprocessing module to perform image preprocessing; after receiving the preprocessing completion signal, send an image processing start command to the radiation image processing module, and jump to sta4;

sta4: Wait for the radiation image processing module to process the radiation image; after receiving the image processing completion signal, send the image storage start command to the radiation image storage module, and jump to sta5;

sta5: Waiting for the radiation image storage module to store the image; after receiving the image storage completion signal, send a video encoding start command to the PAL video encoding module, and jump to sta6;

sta6: Wait for the PAL video coding module to output the PAL video coding; after receiving the video coding output completion signal, jump to sta1.

3. Photoelectric conversion module

The photoelectric conversion module includes a clock control module, a sensor reading control module, an image sensing module, and an analog-to-digital conversion module, as shown in Figure 2:

The clock control module is used to generate the working clock of the image sensor module, and uses a DCM IP core to divide the frequency of the 27MHz system clock by two to generate a 13.5MHz clock;

The sensor reading control module, according to the timing control requirements of the image sensing module, generates address signals, reset signals, exposure signals, and read timing control signals and outputs them to the corresponding control pins of the image sensing module;

The image sensing module uses a radiation-resistant CMOS image sensor to convert the optical signal collected by the optical system of the camera into a photoelectric conversion to obtain an image analog electrical signal, and outputs a photoelectric conversion completion signal to the video stream timing control module;

The analog-to-digital conversion module performs analog-to-digital conversion on the 0-3.3V image analog electrical signal output by the image sensing module to obtain a 0-1024 image digital electrical signal, and outputs it to the image preprocessing module in parallel.

4. Image preprocessing module

The image preprocessing module includes an image cache module, a dead pixel processing module, a bright spot processing module, a fixed noise suppression module, and an image cropping module, as shown in Figure 3:

The image buffer module is used to store a frame of image data output by the photoelectric conversion module, with a size of 1024*1024, respectively corresponding to the number of columns and rows of optically collected image pixels, and the number of quantized digits for each pixel image data is 10;

The dead point processing module traverses the data of each pixel in the image cache module, finds out the pixels whose values are lower than the preset dead point threshold, records them as bad points, performs smoothing processing on the bad point data, and updates the image cache module data in

The bright spot processing module traverses the data of each pixel in the image cache module, finds the pixel whose value is higher than the preset bright spot threshold, records it as a bright spot, performs smoothing processing on the bright spot data, and updates the data in the image cache module;

The fixed noise suppression module traverses the image data after bad point processing and bright point processing, and subtracts the sensor fixed noise value of the corresponding position collected in advance. The method of collecting the fixed noise of the sensor at the corresponding position is to collect the image data output by the sensor when the sensor has no optical signal output, which is the fixed noise of the sensor;

The image cropping module takes the midpoint of the image data with a size of 1024*1024 obtained after noise suppression as the center, and cuts out the image data with a size of 720*576. unanimous.

5. Radiation image processing module

The radiation image processing module includes a median filter module, a radiation noise floor estimation module, and a radiation effect removal module, as shown in Figure 4:

The median filter module performs 1×3 median filter row by row on the image data processed by the image preprocessing module;

The radiation noise floor estimation module traverses the image data after median filtering, and uses the bubble sorting method to obtain the minimum value as the radiation estimation noise threshold;

The radiation effect removal module subtracts the radiation estimation noise threshold from the median filtered image value, and uses a linear stretching algorithm to enhance the entire image.

6. Radiation image data storage module

The radiation image data storage module includes a ping-pang control module, a first data storage module, and a second data storage module, as shown in Figure 5:

The ping-pang control module initializes the pixel count variable to 0, initializes the image frame count variable to 0, and counts the number of image pixels. When the number of pixel counts reaches 720×576, the image frame count variable adds 1, and the pixel count variable Set to 0; when the image frame count variable is an odd number, send the write enable signal of the image data to the first data storage module, and when the image frame count variable is an even number, send the write of the image data to the second data storage module enable signal;

The first data storage module, after receiving the write enable signal of the ping-pang control module, stores the input 720×576 image data into the first data storage area;

The second data storage module stores the input 720×576 image data into the second data storage area after receiving the write enable signal from the ping-pang control module.

7. PAL video encoding module

The PAL standard video encoding module mainly includes a pixel counter, a line counter, a line synchronization pulse generator, a line blanking pulse generator, a vertical blanking pulse generator, and an effective video signal pulse generator. The PAL standard video coding follows the PAL-D standard ( GB 3174-1995);

The PAL video encoding module uses a 27MHz system clock, uses the pixel counter pxlcnt to control the generation of line timing, and uses the line counter lncnt to generate field timing. According to the PAL-D standard, each frame of image is 625 lines, and the line frequency is 15625Hz. When using a 27MHz clock When scanning a line, it takes 1728 clock cycles, so the counting range of the pixel counter pxlcnt is 1~1728, and the counting range of the line counter lncnt is 1~625. It is divided into two fields, odd field and even field, and each field scans 312.5 lines. In order to display images on the display, the image signal is transmitted in the forward process of the line and field, and the blanking signal is transmitted in the reverse process of the line and field, so that the line, field The vertical retrace line is not displayed on the fluorescent screen. In order to reproduce the image correctly, the line synchronization signal is sent during the line blanking period, and the field synchronization signal is sent during the field blanking period;

As shown in Figure 6, the specific implementation steps of the PAL video encoding module are as follows:

S1. After power-on, the pixel counter pxlcnt is initialized to 1, and the line counter lncnt is initialized to 1. After the radiation image data storage module stores a frame of data, pxlcnt is incremented by 1 every clock cycle. When pxlcnt=1728, pxlcnt Set 1, the counting range of pxlcnt is 1~1728; when pxlcnt=1728, add 1 to lncnt, when lncnt=625 and pxlcnt=1728, set lncnt to 1, and the counting range of lncnt is 1~625;

S2, according to Fig. 8, judge that current image is odd field or even field by line counter lncnt, when preceding field is odd field, execute step 3, when preceding field is even field, execute step 4;

S3. The current field is an odd-field image. According to the timing requirements of Figures 8 and 9, the odd-field module generates PAL video data. When the current behavior is the odd-field blanking line, it is generated in the odd-field blanking pulse generator Vertical blanking pulse and vertical synchronizing pulse, and output; when the current behavior is an effective video line, perform steps 5 to 7;

S4. The current field is an even field image. According to the timing requirements of Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, the video data of the PAL system is generated by the even field module. When the current behavior is the even field blanking line, it is generated in the even field blanking pulse generator Vertical blanking pulse and vertical synchronizing pulse, and output; when the current behavior is an effective video line, perform steps 5 to 7;

S5, according to the timing requirement of Figure 7, the timing is controlled by pxlcnt, and the horizontal synchronization pulse is generated and output at the horizontal synchronization pulse generator;

S6, according to the timing requirement of Fig. 7, control the timing by pxlcnt, generate and output the row blanking pulse comprising color burst signal at the row blanking pulse generator;

S7. According to the timing requirements of FIG. 7, the timing is controlled by pxlcnt, the current effective pixel value is obtained from the memory, and the chrominance signal is generated in the effective video signal generator, and the current effective pixel value is used as the luminance signal, and superimposed on the chrominance signal , Generate a valid video signal and output it.

Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and any person skilled in the art can use the methods disclosed above and technical content to analyze the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Possible changes and modifications are made in the technical solution. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention, which do not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, all belong to the technical solution of the present invention. protected range.

Claims (7)

1. A light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip, characterized in that it includes a video stream timing control module, a photoelectric conversion module, an image preprocessing module, a radiation image processing module, a radiation image data storage module, and a PAL video Encoding module, where: The video stream timing control module, after being powered on, sends a collection start command to the photoelectric conversion module, and after receiving the photoelectric conversion completion signal sent by the photoelectric conversion module, sends a preprocessing start command to the image preprocessing module; receives the preprocessing completion signal Afterwards, send the image processing start command to the radiation image processing module; after receiving the image processing completion signal, send the storage start command to the radiation image data storage module; after receiving the image storage completion signal, send the encoding start command to the PAL video encoding module ; The photoelectric conversion module, after receiving the acquisition start command issued by the video stream timing control module, performs photoelectric conversion on the optical signal collected by the optical system of the camera to obtain an image analog electrical signal, converts the image analog electrical signal into an image digital signal and sends it to An image preprocessing module, and sends a photoelectric conversion completion signal to the video stream timing control module; The image preprocessing module, after receiving the preprocessing start instruction from the video stream timing control module, stores the image digital signal sent by the photoelectric conversion module, and after collecting a frame of image digital signal, performs dead point processing on the stored image data frame , bright spot processing, noise suppression, image cropping, sending the cropped image data to the radiation image processing module, and sending a preprocessing completion signal to the video stream timing control module; The radiation image processing module, after receiving the image processing start command issued by the video stream timing control module, collects a frame of image data sent by the image preprocessing module, performs median filtering, radiation low-noise estimation, and radiation effect removal to obtain an enhanced image data, sending the enhanced image data to the image data storage module, and sending an image processing completion signal to the video stream timing control module; The radiation image data storage module stores the image data sent by the radiation image processing module after receiving the storage start instruction sent by the video stream timing control module, and sends an image storage completion signal to the video stream timing control module; The PAL standard video encoding module, after receiving the encoding start instruction sent by the video stream timing control module, sequentially reads the image data in the radiation image data storage module, performs PAL standard video encoding output on the image data, and sends to the video stream timing control module Send encoding output completion signal; Both the photoelectric conversion module and the radiation image data storage module are implemented by independent anti-radiation chips; The video stream timing control module, image preprocessing module, radiation image processing module, and PAL video encoding module are integrated in the same radiation-resistant chip. 2. A light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip according to claim 1, characterized in that the video stream timing control module is implemented by a state machine, specifically including 7 states, respectively sta0 ~ sta6, initialization is sta0, the specific operation of the state machine is: sta0: Jump to sta1 after receiving the hardware power-on and start-up completion signal of the camera electronic system; sta1: Send the acquisition start command to the photoelectric conversion module and jump to sta2; sta2: Wait for the photoelectric conversion module to perform photoelectric conversion; after receiving the photoelectric conversion completion signal, send the image preprocessing start command to the image preprocessing module and jump to sta3; sta3: wait for the image preprocessing module to perform image preprocessing; after receiving the preprocessing completion signal, send an image processing start command to the radiation image processing module, and jump to sta4; sta4: Wait for the radiation image processing module to process the radiation image; after receiving the image processing completion signal, send the image storage start command to the radiation image storage module, and jump to sta5; sta5: Waiting for the radiation image storage module to store the image; after receiving the image storage completion signal, send a video encoding start command to the PAL video encoding module, and jump to sta6; sta6: Wait for the PAL video coding module to output the PAL video coding; after receiving the video coding output completion signal, jump to sta1. 3. A light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip according to claim 1, wherein the photoelectric conversion module includes a clock control module, a sensor reading control module, an image sensing module, an analog-digital conversion module; A clock control module is used to generate the working clock of the image sensing module; The sensor reading control module, according to the timing control requirements of the image sensing module, generates address signals, reset signals, exposure signals, and read timing control signals and outputs them to the corresponding control pins of the image sensing module; The image sensing module performs photoelectric conversion on the optical signal collected by the optical system of the camera to obtain an image analog electrical signal, and outputs a photoelectric conversion completion signal to the video stream timing control module; The analog-to-digital conversion module performs analog-to-digital conversion on the image analog electrical signal output by the image sensing module to obtain an image digital electrical signal, and outputs it to the image preprocessing module in parallel. 4. A light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip according to claim 1, wherein the image pre-processing module includes: an image cache module, a bad point processing module, a bright spot processing module, a fixed noise suppression module, image cropping module; The image cache module is used to store a frame of image data, the size of which is M×N, where M and N correspond to the number of columns and rows of optically collected image pixels, and the number of quantized digits of each pixel image data is L, and L is greater than or equal to 10 ; The dead point processing module traverses the data of each pixel in the image cache module, finds out the bad point, smoothes the bad point data, and updates the data in the image cache module; The bright spot processing module traverses the data of each pixel in the image cache module, finds the bright spot, smoothes the bright spot data, and updates the data in the image cache module; The fixed noise suppression module traverses the image data after bad point processing and bright point processing, and subtracts the fixed noise value of the sensor at the corresponding position; The image cropping module takes the midpoint of the image data with a size of M×N obtained after noise suppression as the center, and cuts out the image data with a size of m×n, and the midpoint of the cropped image data remains the same as the midpoint of the image data before cropping unanimous. 5. A light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip according to claim 1, wherein the radiation image processing module includes a median filter module, a radiation noise floor estimation module, and a radiation effect removal module; The median filter module performs 1×3 median filter row by row on the image data processed by the image preprocessing module; The radiation noise floor estimation module traverses the image data after median filtering, and uses the bubble sorting method to obtain the minimum value as the radiation estimation noise threshold; The radiation effect removal module subtracts the radiation estimation noise threshold from the median filtered image value, and uses a linear stretching algorithm to enhance the entire image. 6. A light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip according to claim 1, wherein the radiation image data storage module includes a ping-pang control module, a first data storage module, and a second data storage module. storage module; The ping-pang control module initializes the pixel count variable to 0, initializes the image frame count variable to 0, and performs statistics on the number of image pixels. When the number of pixel counts reaches m×n, the image frame count variable adds 1, and the pixel count variable Set to 0; when the image frame count variable is an odd number, send the write enable signal of the image data to the first data storage module, and when the image frame count variable is an even number, send the write of the image data to the second data storage module enable signal; The first data storage module, after receiving the write enable signal of the ping-pang control module, stores the input m×n image data into the first data storage area; The second data storage module, after receiving the write enable signal from the ping-pang control module, stores the input m×n image data into the second data storage area. 7. A light-weight radiation-resistant camera electronic system based on a radiation-resistant chip according to claim 1, wherein the PAL system video encoding module follows the PAL-D standard, including a pixel counter, a line counter, and a line synchronization pulse Generator, line blanking pulse generator, vertical blanking pulse generator, effective video signal pulse generator; The PAL video encoding module uses a 27MHz system clock, uses the pixel counter pxlcnt to control the generation of line timing, and uses the line counter lncnt to generate field timing. According to the PAL-D standard, each frame of image is 625 lines, and the line frequency is 15625Hz. When using a 27MHz clock When scanning a line, it takes 1728 clock cycles, so the counting range of the pixel counter pxlcnt is 1~1728, and the counting range of the line counter lncnt is 1~625. Divided into two fields, odd field and even field, each field scans 312.5 lines, and transmits blanking signals during the line and field retrace, so that the line and field retrace lines are not displayed on the fluorescent screen, and sends line synchronization during the line blanking period signal, sending a field synchronization signal during the field blanking period; The specific implementation steps are as follows: S1. After power-on, the pixel counter pxlcnt is initialized to 1, and the line counter lncnt is initialized to 1. After the radiation image data storage module stores a frame of data, pxlcnt is incremented by 1 every clock cycle. When pxlcnt=1728, pxlcnt Set 1, the counting range of pxlcnt is 1~1728; when pxlcnt=1728, add 1 to lncnt, when lncnt=625 and pxlcnt=1728, set lncnt to 1, and the counting range of lncnt is 1~625; s2, judging whether the current image is an odd field or an even field by the line counter lncnt, when the previous field is an odd field, step S3 is performed, and when the previous field is an even field, step S4 is performed; S3, the current field is an odd field image, the video data of the PAL system is generated by the odd field module, when the current behavior is the odd field blanking line, a field blanking pulse and a field synchronization pulse are generated in the odd field blanking pulse generator, and output; when the current behavior is an effective video line, execute steps S5-S7; S4, the current field is an even field image, and the video data of the PAL system is generated by the even field module. When the current behavior is the even field blanking line, a field blanking pulse and a field synchronization pulse are generated in the even field blanking pulse generator, and output; when the current behavior is an effective video line, execute steps S5-S7; S5, generating and outputting a horizontal synchronous pulse at the horizontal synchronous pulse generator; S6, generating and outputting the line blanking pulse comprising the color burst signal at the line blanking pulse generator; S7. Obtain the current effective pixel value from the memory, generate a chrominance signal in the effective video signal generator, use the current effective pixel value as a luminance signal, superimpose with the chrominance signal, generate and output an effective video signal.