CN114215532A - Tunnel structure passing through karst channel and tunnel system passing through karst channel - Google Patents
Tunnel structure passing through karst channel and tunnel system passing through karst channel Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/103—Dams, e.g. for ventilation
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and discloses a tunnel structure passing through a karst passage and a tunnel system passing through the karst passage, wherein the tunnel system passing through the karst passage comprises: the tunnel cross section mining system comprises a data acquisition module, a karst boundary judging module, a central control module, a tunnel cross section mining module, a drilling detection module, a cross section data analysis module, a leveling layer laying module, a karst channel traversing module, a data storage module and an updating display module. According to the core technical scheme, such as karst boundary judgment, tunnel section excavation, drilling detection, section data analysis, leveling layer laying, karst channel crossing and the like, the problems of drainage and sludge accumulation when a tunnel passes through a karst channel in the prior art are solved, the tunnel operation safety is improved, and the operation cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the method adopts Rayleigh wave detection technology to judge the boundary of the underground karst, can accurately analyze the distribution state of the karst, and has good treatment guiding effect and high precision on karst water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a tunnel structure passing through a karst passage and a tunnel passing through the karst passage system.
Background
At present, when traditional tunnel structure passed through the karst passageway, generally need set up the escape canal in the tunnel bottom, changed former karst passageway that crosses the tunnel shaft into ditch to the tunnel bottom, can reduce the influence of karst passageway to tunnel structure. In the current practical engineering, due to the elevation problem of the karst passage, an inverted siphon structure is needed when the traditional tunnel structure passes through the karst passage. "inverted siphon" structure can lead to the karst water of bottom drainage ditch to gather, and then leads to silt in the escape canal to pile up, and it is smooth and easy to influence the drainage, can influence tunnel structure safety itself even when seriously blockking up. For solving the accumulational problem of silt, can often consider in the engineering and set up the desilting inspection shaft in the tunnel side, the operation in-process needs regularly desilting, has increased the operation cost, and probably emits through the desilting inspection shaft when the karst water is great, gets into the tunnel body, influences the operation safety. Therefore, it is desirable to design a new tunnel structure and a tunnel karst tunneling method and system.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: in the existing method for solving the problem of sludge accumulation, the operation cost is increased by periodically dredging, and karst water possibly overflows through a dredging inspection well and enters a tunnel body when being large, so that the operation safety is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a tunnel structure penetrating through a karst channel and a tunnel penetrating through the karst channel system.
The invention is realized in such a way that a tunnel traverses a karst passage system, which comprises:
the karst boundary judging module is connected with the central control module and used for judging the karst boundary of the parking area to be excavated through a wave detector carried by the SWG multi-wave seismic detector;
the central control module is connected with the karst boundary judging module, the tunnel section excavating module, the drilling detection module and the section data analysis module and is used for coordinating and controlling the normal operation of each module of the system for the tunnel to pass through the karst channel through a single chip microcomputer and/or a central processing unit;
the tunnel section excavating module is connected with the central control module and used for enlarging and excavating a tunnel section according to the inner contour of the parking belt through the tunnel excavating device;
the drilling detection module is connected with the central control module and used for detecting the drilling of the section of the tunnel through the drilling detection device and observing and acquiring lithology, geological structure and underground water condition information of a drilling passing area by using a drilled grouting hole;
the section data analysis module is connected with the central control module and used for analyzing the acquired data information of the drill hole crossing region through a data analysis program to obtain the characteristics of the stratum, the geology and the joint fractures, and the section data analysis module comprises the following steps:
a. acquiring a color image of a drill hole passing area as an input image;
b. normalizing the input color image of the drilling hole crossing region by using a normalization formula;
wherein the normalization formula is:
wherein, V2Which represents a normalized vector of the vector,
representing an open square root operation, N representing an unnormalized vector V1Column number of (d), sigma represents the accumulation operation, eiRepresenting the non-normalized vector V1Element of column i in (1), V1Represents an unnormalized vector;
c. and acquiring the characteristics of the stratum, the geology and the joint fractures of the hole crossing region image after the normalization processing by adopting a convolutional neural network characteristic extraction algorithm.
Further, the tunnel passes through a karst passage system, which further comprises:
the data acquisition module is connected with the central control module and is used for acquiring the peripheral environment and the data information of the inner and outer outlines of the parking area to be excavated through data acquisition equipment;
the central control module is connected with the data acquisition module, the leveling layer laying module, the karst channel traversing module, the data storage module and the updating display module and is used for coordinating and controlling the normal operation of each module of the system for the tunnel to traverse the karst channel through a single chip microcomputer and/or a central processing unit;
the leveling layer laying module is connected with the central control module and used for laying a leveling layer on the top of the tunnel lining;
the karst channel traversing module is connected with the central control module and is used for traversing the karst channel through the excavating device, and a water retaining dam is arranged at a high water level port of the karst channel;
the data storage module is connected with the central control module and used for storing the peripheral environment of the parking belt to be excavated, the data information of the inner contour and the outer contour, the karst boundary judgment information, the tunnel section excavation information, the drilling detection information, the section data analysis result, the leveling layer paving information and the karst channel crossing information through a memory;
and the updating display module is connected with the central control module and is used for updating and displaying the acquired peripheral environment of the excavated parking belt, the acquired internal and external contour data information, the acquired karst boundary judgment information, the acquired tunnel section excavation information, the acquired drilling detection information, the acquired section data analysis result, the acquired leveling layer paving information and the acquired real-time data of the karst passage crossing information through the display.
Further, the karst passageway passes through module utilizes excavating gear to carry out the passing through of karst passageway, sets up the retaining dam at the high water level mouth of karst passageway, and the concrete process is:
when the karst passage is narrow, the excavation device is used for passing through the side wall foundation; when a large karst cave is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel for flowing water, arranging a water retaining dam at a high water level port of the karst channel and conducting drainage; or masonry load-bearing walls are built below the bottom of the tunnel to be used as supporting walls to span.
Further, the leveling layer laying module lays a leveling layer at the top of the tunnel lining, and the concrete process is as follows:
installing a supply ring in the tunnel, installing side walls on the left side and the right side of the tunnel, and installing inverted arch templates on the upper side and the lower side of the tunnel; after the installation is finished, the integral structure plays a role in supporting and stabilizing the tunnel;
chiseling floating slag on the top of the tunnel, cleaning a leveling layer and accurately lofting; erecting a template and installing a dowel bar and an expansion joint plate; spreading concrete on the upper side, vibrating the concrete, extracting slurry and leveling;
and after the strickling is finished, performing wood brushing, mechanical sawing and joint filling, and removing the mold and filling joints.
Further, the data storage module stores the peripheral environment of the parking zone to be excavated, the internal and external profile data information, the karst boundary judgment information, the tunnel section excavation information, the drilling detection information, the section data analysis result, the leveling layer paving information and the karst passage traversing information by using a memory, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
establishing a corresponding data set by using the peripheral environment of the parking zone to be excavated, the internal and external profile data information, the karst boundary judgment information, the tunnel section excavation information, the drilling detection information, the section data analysis result, the leveling layer paving information and the karst channel crossing information;
establishing classes and groups of data classification according to the data in the data set; and randomly initializing their respective center points;
determining the distance from each data point to the central point, and comparing the distance with the determined set value;
less than the set value, classifying the plants into one class; then calculating the central point in each class as a new central point;
the above steps are repeated until the center of each class does not change much after each iteration.
Further, in the karst boundary determination module, the determination of the karst boundary of the parking zone to be excavated by using the SWG multi-wave seismic detector equipped with a detector includes:
(1) collecting karst boundary data of a parking zone to be excavated by adopting an SG-5m type detector with a main frequency of 5-15 Hz configured by an SWG multi-wave seismic detector;
(2) in the field, a transient Rayleigh wave excitation mode is adopted, and a coarse sand cushion layer and a thick rubber pad with the thickness of 10-20 cm are paved on a karst boundary excitation point of a parking zone to be excavated;
(3) and (3) hanging a heavy hammer to a height of 1.5-2.5 m, freely falling down to impact an excitation point, interpreting the recorded traveling wave waveform obtained by excitation, and obtaining judgment data of the karst boundary of the parking area to be excavated.
Further, in the drilling detection module, the drilling detection of the tunnel section by the drilling detection device includes:
(1) constructing a long borehole on the section of the tunnel by using a borehole detection device;
(2) in the drilling construction process, a drilling flushing fluid method and a detection drill bit comprising a pressure sensor are adopted to determine the damage height of the overlying strata;
(3) and after the drilling construction is finished, a drilling detector is adopted to stretch into the detection hole to observe, record and analyze the development condition and the damage characteristics of the drilling structural surface of the tunnel section.
Further, the aperture of the opening of the drilled hole is 80-120 mm, and the aperture of the final hole is 70-90 mm; the length of the data transmission line of the drilling detector is not less than 100mm, and the diameter of the probe is 40-60 mm.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a karst tunnel-traversing tunnel structure using the system, wherein the karst tunnel-traversing tunnel structure comprises a karst tunnel and a tunnel lining traversing the karst tunnel;
the tunnel structure is integrally cast by adopting reinforced concrete, a leveling layer is laid on the top of the tunnel lining, and a water blocking dam is arranged at a high water level port of the karst channel.
Further, the retaining dam is made of concrete, and the distance between a dam opening of the retaining dam and the tunnel lining is larger than or equal to 5 m.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: according to the tunnel karst passage crossing system provided by the invention, through core technical schemes of karst boundary judgment, tunnel section excavation, drilling detection, section data analysis, leveling layer laying, karst passage crossing and the like, the problems of drainage and sludge accumulation in the prior art when a tunnel passes through a karst passage are solved, the tunnel operation safety is improved, and the operation cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the method adopts Rayleigh wave detection technology to judge the boundary of the underground karst, can accurately analyze the distribution state of the karst, has good guiding effect and high precision on treatment of the karst water, saves grouting materials, shortens the treatment time of the karst water and reduces the construction risk.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a tunnel-traversing karst tunnel system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a data acquisition module; 2. a karst boundary determination module; 3. a central control module; 4. a tunnel section excavation module; 5. a borehole detection module; 6. a section data analysis module; 7. a screed layer laying module; 8. a karst passage traversing module; 9. a data storage module; 10. and updating the display module.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for tunnel crossing karst tunnels according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for determining a karst boundary of a stope to be excavated by the karst boundary determination module according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a tunnel section by using the borehole detection module according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining formation, geological and joint fracture characteristics by a fracture data analysis module according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a tunnel structure passing through a karst passageway and a tunnel system passing through the karst passageway, and the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The tunnel structure penetrating through the karst channel provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the karst channel and a tunnel lining penetrating through the karst channel; the tunnel structure is integrally cast by adopting reinforced concrete, a leveling layer is laid on the top of the tunnel lining, and a water blocking dam is arranged at a high water level port of the karst channel.
The dam provided by the embodiment of the invention is made of concrete, and the distance between the dam opening of the dam and the tunnel lining is more than or equal to 5 m.
As shown in fig. 1, the tunnel karst tunnel crossing system provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes a data acquisition module 1, a karst boundary determination module 2, a central control module 3, a tunnel section mining module 4, a borehole detection module 5, a section data analysis module 6, a leveling layer laying module 7, a karst tunnel crossing module 8, a data storage module 9, and an update display module 10.
The data acquisition module 1 is connected with the central control module 3 and used for acquiring data information of the peripheral environment and the inner and outer outlines of the parking belt to be excavated through data acquisition equipment;
the karst boundary judging module 2 is connected with the central control module 3 and used for judging the karst boundary of the parking area to be excavated through a wave detector carried by the SWG multi-wave seismic detector;
the central control module 3 is connected with the data acquisition module 1, the karst boundary judgment module 2, the tunnel section excavation module 4, the drilling detection module 5, the section data analysis module 6, the leveling layer laying module 7, the karst channel traversing module 8, the data storage module 9 and the updating display module 10, and is used for coordinating and controlling the normal operation of each module of the system for the tunnel traversing the karst channel through a single chip microcomputer and/or a central processing unit;
the tunnel section excavating module 4 is connected with the central control module 3 and is used for enlarging and excavating a tunnel section according to the inner contour of the parking belt through a tunnel excavating device;
the drilling detection module 5 is connected with the central control module 3 and used for detecting the drilling of the section of the tunnel through the drilling detection device and observing and acquiring lithology, geological structure and underground water condition information of a drilling passing area by using a drilled grouting hole;
the section data analysis module 6 is connected with the central control module 3 and used for analyzing the acquired data information of the drill hole crossing region through a data analysis program to obtain the characteristics of the stratum, the geology and the joint fracture;
a smoothening layer laying module 7 connected with the central control module 3 for laying a smoothening layer on the top of the tunnel lining;
the karst channel traversing module 8 is connected with the central control module 3 and is used for traversing the karst channel through an excavating device, and a water retaining dam is arranged at a high water level port of the karst channel;
the data storage module 9 is connected with the central control module 3 and is used for storing the peripheral environment of the parking belt to be excavated, the internal and external profile data information, the karst boundary judgment information, the tunnel section excavation information, the drilling detection information, the section data analysis result, the leveling layer paving information and the karst passage traversing information through a memory;
and the updating display module 10 is connected with the central control module 3 and is used for updating and displaying the acquired peripheral environment of the excavated parking zone, the acquired internal and external profile data information, the acquired karst boundary judgment information, the acquired tunnel section excavation information, the acquired drilling detection information, the acquired section data analysis result, the acquired leveling layer paving information and the acquired real-time data of the karst passage crossing information through the display.
As shown in fig. 2, a method for a tunnel to traverse a karst passage provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s101, acquiring data information of the surrounding environment and the inner and outer contours of a parking belt to be excavated by using data acquisition equipment through a data acquisition module; judging the karst boundary of the parking area to be excavated by utilizing the SWG multi-wave seismic detector carrying detector through a karst boundary judging module;
s102, normally operating each module of the system for enabling the tunnel to pass through the karst channel in a coordinated mode through a central control module by utilizing a single chip microcomputer and/or a central processing unit; enlarging and excavating the tunnel section according to the inner contour of the parking belt by using a tunnel section excavating module through a tunnel excavating device;
s103, detecting the drilling of the section of the tunnel by using a drilling detection device through a drilling detection module, and observing and acquiring lithology, geological structure and underground water condition information of a drilling passing area by using a drilled grouting hole;
s104, analyzing the acquired data information of the drill hole crossing region by using a data analysis program through a section data analysis module to obtain stratum, geotropism and joint fracture characteristics;
s105, paving a leveling layer on the top of the tunnel lining through a leveling layer paving module; the karst channel is penetrated through by the karst channel penetrating module through an excavating device, and a water retaining dam is arranged at a high water level port of the karst channel;
s106, the data storage module stores the peripheral environment of the parking zone to be excavated, the internal and external profile data information, the karst boundary judgment information, the tunnel section excavation information, the drilling detection information, the section data analysis result, the leveling layer laying information and the karst channel crossing information by using a memory;
and S107, updating and displaying the peripheral environment, the inner and outer contour data information, the karst boundary judgment information, the tunnel section excavation information, the drilling detection information, the section data analysis result, the leveling layer laying information and the real-time data of the karst passage crossing information of the excavated parking zone by using the display through the updating and displaying module.
As shown in fig. 3, in step S101 provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the determining module of a karst boundary, which determines a karst boundary of a stope to be excavated by using an SWG multi-wave seismic detector equipped detector, includes:
s201, collecting karst boundary data of a parking area to be excavated by adopting an SG-5m type detector with a main frequency of 5-15 Hz configured by an SWG multi-wave seismic detector;
s202, paving a coarse sand cushion layer and a thick rubber pad with the thickness of 10-20 cm on a karst boundary excitation point of a parking zone to be excavated by adopting an excitation mode of transient Rayleigh waves on site;
s203, hanging a heavy hammer to a height of 1.5-2.5 m, freely falling down to impact an excitation point, interpreting a recording waveform obtained by excitation, and obtaining judgment data of a karst boundary of the parking area to be excavated.
As shown in fig. 4, in step S103 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the drilling detection module performs drilling detection on a tunnel section by using a drilling detection device, including:
s301, constructing a long borehole by using a borehole detection device on the section of the tunnel;
s302, in the drilling construction process, a drilling flushing fluid method and a detection drill bit comprising a pressure sensor are adopted to determine the damage height of the overlying strata;
and S303, after the drilling construction is finished, extending the drilling detector into the detection hole to observe, record and analyze the development condition and the damage characteristics of the drilling structural surface of the tunnel section.
The aperture of the opening of the drilled hole provided by the embodiment of the invention is 80-120 mm, and the aperture of the final hole is 70-90 mm; the length of the data transmission line of the drilling detector is not less than 100mm, and the diameter of the probe is 40-60 mm.
As shown in fig. 5, in step S104 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the analyzing module of the fracture data analyzes the acquired data information of the borehole-crossing region by using a data analysis program to obtain the characteristics of the formation, the geology and the joint fracture, including:
s401, acquiring a color image of a drilling hole passing area as an input image;
s402, normalizing the input color image of the borehole crossing region by using a normalization formula;
and S403, acquiring the features of the normalized hole-crossing region image, which are related to the stratum, the geology and the joint fractures, by using a convolutional neural network feature extraction algorithm.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for normalizing an input color image of a borehole crossing region by using a normalization formula, which comprises the following steps:
wherein, V2Which represents a normalized vector of the vector,
representing an open square root operation, N representing an unnormalized vector V1Column number of (d), sigma represents the accumulation operation, eiRepresenting the non-normalized vector V1Element of column i in (1), V1Representing the non-normalized vector.
In S105 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a karst passageway is passed through by an excavating device through a karst passageway passing module, and a water blocking dam is disposed at a high water level port of the karst passageway, which includes the following specific processes:
when the karst passage is narrow, the excavation device is used for passing through the side wall foundation; when a large karst cave is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel for flowing water, arranging a water retaining dam at a high water level port of the karst channel and conducting drainage; or masonry load-bearing walls are built below the bottom of the tunnel to be used as supporting walls to span.
In S105 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the leveling layer laying module lays a leveling layer on the top of the tunnel lining, and the specific process is as follows:
installing a supply ring in the tunnel, installing side walls on the left side and the right side of the tunnel, and installing inverted arch templates on the upper side and the lower side of the tunnel; after the installation is finished, the integral structure plays a role in supporting and stabilizing the tunnel;
chiseling floating slag on the top of the tunnel, cleaning a leveling layer and accurately lofting; erecting a template and installing a dowel bar and an expansion joint plate; spreading concrete on the upper side, vibrating the concrete, extracting slurry and leveling;
and after the strickling is finished, performing wood brushing, mechanical sawing and joint filling, and removing the mold and filling joints.
In S106 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the data storage module stores, by using the memory, the peripheral environment of the parking zone to be excavated, the internal and external contour data information, the karst boundary determination information, the tunnel section excavation information, the borehole detection information, the section data analysis result, the leveling layer paving information, and the karst passage traversing information, and the specific process is as follows:
establishing a corresponding data set by using the peripheral environment of the parking zone to be excavated, the internal and external profile data information, the karst boundary judgment information, the tunnel section excavation information, the drilling detection information, the section data analysis result, the leveling layer paving information and the karst channel crossing information;
establishing classes and groups of data classification according to the data in the data set; and randomly initializing their respective center points;
determining the distance from each data point to the central point, and comparing the distance with the determined set value;
less than the set value, classifying the plants into one class; then calculating the central point in each class as a new central point;
the above steps are repeated until the center of each class does not change much after each iteration.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "head", "tail", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the above embodiments, the implementation may be wholly or partially realized by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When used in whole or in part, can be implemented in a computer program product that includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded or executed on a computer, cause the flow or functions according to embodiments of the invention to occur, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a network of computers, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website site, computer, server, or data center to another website site, computer, server, or data center via wire (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.)). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device, such as a server, a data center, etc., that includes one or more of the available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy Disk, hard Disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., Solid State Disk (SSD)), among others.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A tunnel traversing karst passage system, the tunnel traversing karst passage system comprising:
the karst boundary judging module is connected with the central control module and used for judging the karst boundary of the parking area to be excavated through a wave detector carried by the SWG multi-wave seismic detector;
the central control module is connected with the karst boundary judging module, the tunnel section excavating module, the drilling detection module and the section data analysis module and is used for coordinating and controlling the normal operation of each module of the system for the tunnel to pass through the karst channel through a single chip microcomputer and/or a central processing unit;
the tunnel section excavating module is connected with the central control module and used for enlarging and excavating a tunnel section according to the inner contour of the parking belt through the tunnel excavating device;
the drilling detection module is connected with the central control module and used for detecting the drilling of the section of the tunnel through the drilling detection device and observing and acquiring lithology, geological structure and underground water condition information of a drilling passing area by using a drilled grouting hole;
the section data analysis module is connected with the central control module and used for analyzing the acquired data information of the drill hole crossing region through a data analysis program to obtain the characteristics of the stratum, the geology and the joint fractures, and the section data analysis module comprises the following steps:
a. acquiring a color image of a drill hole passing area as an input image;
b. normalizing the input color image of the drilling hole crossing region by using a normalization formula;
wherein the normalization formula is:
wherein, V2Which represents a normalized vector of the vector,
representing an open square root operation, N representing an unnormalized vector V1Column number of (d), sigma represents the accumulation operation, eiRepresenting the non-normalized vector V1Element of column i in (1), V1Represents an unnormalized vector;
c. and acquiring the characteristics of the stratum, the geology and the joint fractures of the hole crossing region image after the normalization processing by adopting a convolutional neural network characteristic extraction algorithm.
2. The tunnel-traversing karst tunnel system of claim 1, further comprising:
the data acquisition module is connected with the central control module and is used for acquiring the peripheral environment and the data information of the inner and outer outlines of the parking area to be excavated through data acquisition equipment;
the central control module is connected with the data acquisition module, the leveling layer laying module, the karst channel traversing module, the data storage module and the updating display module and is used for coordinating and controlling the normal operation of each module of the system for the tunnel to traverse the karst channel through a single chip microcomputer and/or a central processing unit;
the leveling layer laying module is connected with the central control module and used for laying a leveling layer on the top of the tunnel lining;
the karst channel traversing module is connected with the central control module and is used for traversing the karst channel through the excavating device, and a water retaining dam is arranged at a high water level port of the karst channel;
the data storage module is connected with the central control module and used for storing the peripheral environment of the parking belt to be excavated, the data information of the inner contour and the outer contour, the karst boundary judgment information, the tunnel section excavation information, the drilling detection information, the section data analysis result, the leveling layer paving information and the karst channel crossing information through a memory;
and the updating display module is connected with the central control module and is used for updating and displaying the acquired peripheral environment of the excavated parking belt, the acquired internal and external contour data information, the acquired karst boundary judgment information, the acquired tunnel section excavation information, the acquired drilling detection information, the acquired section data analysis result, the acquired leveling layer paving information and the acquired real-time data of the karst passage crossing information through the display.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the karst passage traversing module is used for traversing the karst passage by using an excavating device, and a water retaining dam is arranged at a high water level port of the karst passage, and the specific process is as follows:
when the karst passage is narrow, the excavation device is used for passing through the side wall foundation; when a large karst cave is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel for flowing water, arranging a water retaining dam at a high water level port of the karst channel and conducting drainage; or masonry load-bearing walls are built below the bottom of the tunnel to be used as supporting walls to span.
4. The tunnel-traversing karst tunnel system according to claim 2, wherein the leveling layer laying module lays a leveling layer on top of the tunnel lining by:
installing a supply ring in the tunnel, installing side walls on the left side and the right side of the tunnel, and installing inverted arch templates on the upper side and the lower side of the tunnel; after the installation is finished, the integral structure plays a role in supporting and stabilizing the tunnel;
chiseling floating slag on the top of the tunnel, cleaning a leveling layer and accurately lofting; erecting a template and installing a dowel bar and an expansion joint plate; spreading concrete on the upper side, vibrating the concrete, extracting slurry and leveling;
and after the strickling is finished, performing wood brushing, mechanical sawing and joint filling, and removing the mold and filling joints.
5. The system of claim 2, wherein the data storage module stores the surrounding environment of the parking zone to be excavated, the internal and external profile data information, the karst boundary determination information, the tunnel section excavation information, the drilling detection information, the section data analysis result, the leveling layer laying information, and the karst passage traversing information by using a memory, and the specific process is as follows:
establishing a corresponding data set by using the peripheral environment of the parking zone to be excavated, the internal and external profile data information, the karst boundary judgment information, the tunnel section excavation information, the drilling detection information, the section data analysis result, the leveling layer paving information and the karst channel crossing information;
establishing classes and groups of data classification according to the data in the data set; and randomly initializing their respective center points;
determining the distance from each data point to the central point, and comparing the distance with the determined set value;
less than the set value, classifying the plants into one class; then calculating the central point in each class as a new central point;
the above steps are repeated until the center of each class does not change much after each iteration.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein in the karst boundary determination module, the determination of the karst boundary of the stope to be excavated by using the SWG multi-wave seismic detector equipped detector comprises:
(1) collecting karst boundary data of a parking zone to be excavated by adopting an SG-5m type detector with a main frequency of 5-15 Hz configured by an SWG multi-wave seismic detector;
(2) in the field, a transient Rayleigh wave excitation mode is adopted, and a coarse sand cushion layer and a thick rubber pad with the thickness of 10-20 cm are paved on a karst boundary excitation point of a parking zone to be excavated;
(3) and (3) hanging a heavy hammer to a height of 1.5-2.5 m, freely falling down to impact an excitation point, interpreting the recorded traveling wave waveform obtained by excitation, and obtaining judgment data of the karst boundary of the parking area to be excavated.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the drilling detection module is configured to perform drilling detection of a section of the tunnel by using a drilling detection device, and the drilling detection module comprises:
(1) constructing a long borehole on the section of the tunnel by using a borehole detection device;
(2) in the drilling construction process, a drilling flushing fluid method and a detection drill bit comprising a pressure sensor are adopted to determine the damage height of the overlying strata;
(3) and after the drilling construction is finished, a drilling detector is adopted to stretch into the detection hole to observe, record and analyze the development condition and the damage characteristics of the drilling structural surface of the tunnel section.
8. The tunnel-through karst passageway system of claim 7, wherein the bore hole opening has a bore diameter of 80-120 mm and a final bore diameter of 70-90 mm; the length of the data transmission line of the drilling detector is not less than 100mm, and the diameter of the probe is 40-60 mm.
9. A karst tunnel traversing tunnel structure applying the system of tunnel traversing karst passageways as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the karst tunnel traversing structure comprises a karst passageway and a tunnel lining traversing the karst passageway;
the tunnel structure is integrally cast by adopting reinforced concrete, a leveling layer is laid on the top of the tunnel lining, and a water blocking dam is arranged at a high water level port of the karst channel.
10. The karst tunnel traversing tunnel structure according to claim 9, wherein the barrage is made of concrete, and a distance between a dam opening of the barrage and a tunnel lining is 5m or more.
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