CN114214784A - 一种竹纤维玉米纤维双组分无纺布的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种竹纤维玉米纤维双组分无纺布的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114214784A
CN114214784A CN202111510065.7A CN202111510065A CN114214784A CN 114214784 A CN114214784 A CN 114214784A CN 202111510065 A CN202111510065 A CN 202111510065A CN 114214784 A CN114214784 A CN 114214784A
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张欢
孙全
王欢
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种竹纤维玉米纤维双组分无纺布的制备方法。包括以下步骤：丙烯酸与纯水混合后加入氢氧化钠溶液中和，再依次加入丙烯酰胺单体，引发剂和交联剂，得到透明混合液，搅拌下加入PVA溶液和环己烷，使其形成一个均相体系，聚合升温。反应完成后得到白色固体颗粒，将颗粒烘干，粉碎，进行表面交联处理，得到多孔吸水树脂。本发明利用PVA特性使水相和有机相融为一相；环己烷均匀的分散在体系中，吸水树脂聚合放热，环己烷利用热量汽化，使其形成微孔结构，聚合反应在低温下即可完成，环己烷通过蒸馏回收，不影响环境，还可重复利用；制得的吸水树脂不需要造粒，制作周期大大缩减；且吸收速度快，残留量底，回渗量小；特别适合于卫生巾和纸尿裤的吸收芯体。

Description

一种竹纤维玉米纤维双组分无纺布的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纤维制备技术领域，尤其涉及一种竹纤维玉米纤维双组分无纺布的制备方法。
背景技术
竹纤维是从自然生长的竹子中提取出的纤维素纤维，继棉、麻、毛、丝后的第五大天然纤维。竹纤维具有良好的透气性、瞬间吸水性、较强的耐磨性和良好的染色性等特性，具有天然抗菌、抑菌、除螨、防臭和抗紫外线功能。竹原纤维的化学成分主要是纤维素、半纤维素和木质素，三者同属于高聚糖，总量占纤维干质量的90％以上，其次是蛋白质、脂肪、果胶、单宁、色素、灰分等，大多数存在于细胞内腔或特殊的细胞器内，直接或间接地参与其生理作用。纤维素是组成竹原纤维细胞的主要物质，也是它能作为纺织纤维的意义所在。由于竹龄的不同，其纤维素含量也不同，如毛竹嫩竹为75％、1年生为66％、3年生为58％。竹原纤维中的半纤维素含量一般为14％～25％，毛竹平均含量约为22.7％，并且随着竹龄的增加，其含量也有所下降，如2年生长竹24.9％，4年生23.6％。
玉米纤维是玉米淀粉发酵、聚合制得聚乳酸树脂，经纺丝工艺生产的聚乳酸纤维。玉米纤维源自天然淀粉，可生物降解，吸湿排汗透气性好，抗皱回弹性好，抗拉伸强度高，具有真丝光泽，手感柔软、滑爽，穿着舒适。难燃、以着色，还具有抑菌、防臭功能。用其制造成的织物面料自然弹性好、抗起球、易染色、不易燃，具有亮丽真丝光泽。
现有技术中已有将竹纤维、玉米纤维复合制备无纺布的报道，如中国专利公开号为CN101818405A的玉米纤维与竹纤维混纺针织面料，采用玉米纤维与竹纤维混纺织造，其特征在于两种纤维组分的重量百分组成为：玉米纤维(wt％)40-45，竹纤维(wt％)60-55，生产方法包括纺纱-织造-染整三大生产工艺步骤。提供了一种在保持玉米纤维、竹纤维竹全部自身天然生态功能与优良性能的前提下，还具有自然弹性、保型性好，易于织造的玉米纤维与竹纤维混纺针织面料及其生产方法。
目前尚未有非织造成网方式形成的的玉米纤维与竹纤维双组分无纺布的制备方法的报道。
本领域中已知的适用于制备双组分纤维的非织造纺丝方法包括复合纺丝法，制成并列型、皮芯型和多芯型复合纤维；也可以采用共混纺丝法，制成海岛型复合纤维。利用两种组分聚合物性质的不同，可以制成三维永久卷曲纤维、热粘合纤维(如ES纤维)、导电纤维等。现有双组份制备技术采用不同性能差异的聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)组份和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)组份原料分别进行熔融,PBT熔体与PET熔体在喷丝微孔口处挤出复合成单丝束丝,经拉伸,冷却固化,卷绕成型和拉伸变形工艺，通过熔体粘附到纤维上并在结构上加固由此获得的纤维性幅材而使纤维性幅材的纤维在内部粘合。
上述现有方法的缺点：现有的双组分纤维制备各纤维为单一组分纺丝，存在纤维不能混合均匀，从而影响其纤维铺网后的均匀性，导致无纺布的透气性能、干爽性能差。
发明内容
本发明提供一种竹纤维玉米纤维双组分无纺布的制备方法，采用竹纤维、玉米纤维进行复合，通过添加络合交联剂、发泡剂非织造方法，控制络合交联剂的量及温度，制备双组分纤维，最终得到竹纤维玉米纤维双组分透气性、干爽性能优的水刺无纺布。
为了达到上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种竹纤维玉米纤维双组分无纺布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，制取纺丝混合原液，将平均聚合度为300-600的竹纤维素浆粕和玉米芯纤维素纤维素浆粕按竹纤维：玉米纤维质量比为(1-9)：1混合切片待用；将N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(即NMMO)溶液负压蒸馏，保持含水率为20-30％；再加入混合纤维切片，络合交联剂和发泡剂，交联剂用量为混合纤维切片质量的0.05％-0.5％，发泡剂用量为混合纤维切片质量的0.1％-0.8％；上述物料经超声波处理30min-60min后升温至80℃-110℃处理10min-30min；负压蒸馏除去多余水分，保持NMMO溶液含水率为10％-15％，得到纺丝混合原液，粘度为1000-1500Pa.S。其中，发泡剂用量过多会造成纤维内空隙多，易断裂难以成布，发泡剂用量过少会造成纤维内空隙少，无法形成明显的虹吸效应，影响最终成品的干爽性；络合交联剂用量过多会造成交联过度，纤维硬度大，成布后柔软度差，络合交联剂用量过多会造成双组份纤维成型不良，成品率降低；
步骤2，制取双组分植物纤维，将纺丝混合原液过滤进入计量泵、经过干喷湿纺工艺经喷丝头喷出，得到再生纤维素纤维丝束，进入NMMO稀水溶液(浓度为10％～20％)成形，再经过水洗、切断、上油、干燥等后处理工序后得到竹纤维玉米纤维双组分复合纤维；
步骤3，制取双组分水刺布，将复合双组分纤维开松，混合，进入梳理机一梳理，交叉铺网机一铺网；再将竹纤维和复合双组分纤维开松后进入梳理机二进行梳理，进入交叉铺网机二梳理铺网；铺网机来料之间进行上下叠合；两面水刺成型，得到竹纤维玉米纤维双组分水刺无纺布。
优选的，所述络合交联剂为葡萄糖酸、二乙撑三胺五乙酸(DTPA)、焦磷酸钠、二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸(DTPMP)、氨基三甲叉膦酸(ATP)中的至少两种；
优选的，所述发泡剂为丙烯酸树脂表面涂沫纳米碳酸钙的高分子中空微球体。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果：
本发明专利纤维含有两种成分，吸收率较一般的竹纤维低，干爽性得到改善；
本发明采用发泡非织造工艺，发泡剂在高温下发泡纤维形成多孔结构，纤维吸收速度加快快，制成无纺布后透气性较好，提升体验感；
本发明采用超声波辅助处理，能提升纺丝原液的纤维素含量，且两种纤维素能混合均匀；
与传统竹纤维-玉米纤维混合梳理工艺相比，本发明专利纤维铺网更均匀，性能更稳定。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例一制得的双组分纤维的电镜图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案以及本发明的有益效果，下面将对本发明作进一步详细说明。
一种竹纤维玉米纤维双组分无纺布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：步骤1，制取纺丝混合原液，将平均聚合度为300-600的竹纤维素浆粕和玉米芯纤维素纤维素浆粕按竹纤维：玉米纤维质量比＝(1-9)：1混合切片待用；将N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(即NMMO)溶液负压蒸馏，保持含水率为20-30％；再加入混合纤维切片，络合交联剂和发泡剂，交联剂用量为混合纤维切片质量的0.05％-0.5％，发泡剂用量为混合纤维切片质量的0.1％-0.8％；物料经超声波处理30min-60min；升温至80℃-110℃处理10min-30min；负压蒸馏除去多余水分，保持NMMO溶液含水率为10％-15％，得到纺丝混合原液，粘度为1000-1500Pa.S。发泡剂用量过多会造成纤维内空隙多，易断裂难以成布；发泡剂用量过少会造成纤维内空隙少，无法形成明显的虹吸效应，影响最终成品的干爽性。络合交联剂用量过多会造成交联过度，纤维硬度大，成布后柔软度差；络合交联剂用量过多会造成双组份纤维成型不良，成品率降低；
步骤2，制取双组分植物纤维，将纺丝混合原液过滤进入计量泵、经过干喷湿纺工艺经喷丝头喷出，得到再生纤维素纤维丝束，进入NMMO稀水溶液(浓度为10％～20％)成形，再经过水洗、切断、上油、干燥等后处理工序后得到竹纤维玉米纤维双组分复合纤维；
步骤3，制取双组分水刺布，将复合双组分纤维开松，混合，进入梳理机一梳理，交叉铺网机一铺网；再将竹纤维和复合双组分纤维开松后进入梳理机二进行梳理，进入交叉铺网机二梳理铺网；铺网机来料之间进行上下叠合；两面水刺成型，得到竹纤维玉米纤维双组分水刺无纺布。
优选的，所述络合交联剂为葡萄糖酸、二乙撑三胺五乙酸(DTPA)、焦磷酸钠、二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸(DTPMP)、氨基三甲叉膦酸(ATP)中的至少两种；
优选的，所述发泡剂为丙烯酸树脂表面涂沫纳米碳酸钙的高分子中空微球体。
实施例一
本实施例的一种竹纤维玉米纤维双组分无纺布的制备方法，发泡剂为丙烯酸树脂表面涂沫纳米碳酸钙的高分子中空微球体，原料选用重量份数进行称量，其中组合物组份为下表1：
表1
Figure BDA0003404902090000051
通过扫描电镜观察，实施例一制得的双组份纤维的微观形貌如图1，实施例一的纤维在高倍显微镜下，可以观察到制得的纤维细度均匀，无节点，添加的络合剂葡萄糖酸使双组份充分组合，图中单根纤维中的亮点为气泡，增加了纤维的透气性。
对采用现有非织造方法螺杆挤压式制得的水刺布对比例和实施例1制得的水刺布进行纵向拉力等性能测试，将测试结果示于表2。
表2
Figure BDA0003404902090000052
Figure BDA0003404902090000061
根据上述表格内的数据进行效果分析：
由表2数据可知，本发明方法制备的双组分纤维制成的无纺布与现有非织造技术制备双组分纤维制成的无纺布相比，可通过控制葡萄糖酸和发泡剂的含量比例，得到不同伸长率的非织物，从而得到柔软度不同的非织物，而不影响其拉伸力，也就是柔软度不同的非织造布，上机拉力相同。同时可得到在相同含量双组份纤维的前提下，吸水倍数不同，因此可根据非织造布的应用范围，比如面层还是底层，只需要通过调整葡萄糖酸和发泡剂的含量，就可得到所需相应吸水倍数的非织物。
本具体实施方式的实施例均为本发明的较佳实施例，并非依此限制本发明的保护范围，故：凡依本发明的原理所做的等效变化，均应涵盖于本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种竹纤维玉米纤维双组分无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：以重量份数计：
步骤1，制取纺丝混合原液，竹纤维：玉米纤维质量比为(1-9)：1混合切片待用；将N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物溶液负压蒸馏，保持一定含水率，再加入混合纤维切片、络合交联剂和发泡剂，混合物料经超声波处理30min-60min后升温至80℃-110℃，处理10min-30min；再次负压蒸馏除去N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物溶液保持一定含水率，得到纺丝混合原液，粘度为1000-1500Pa.S；
步骤2，制取双组分植物纤维，将纺丝混合原液过滤进入计量泵、经过干喷湿纺工艺经喷丝头喷出，得到再生纤维素纤维丝束，加入浓度为10％～20％的N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物水溶液成形，再经过水洗、切断、上油、干燥等后处理工序后得到竹纤维玉米纤维双组分复合纤维；
步骤3，制取双组分水刺布，将复合双组分纤维开松，混合，进入梳理机一梳理，交叉铺网机一铺网；再将竹纤维和复合双组分纤维开松后进入梳理机二进行梳理，进入交叉铺网机二梳理铺网；铺网机来料之间进行上下叠合；两面水刺成型，得到竹纤维玉米纤维双组分水刺无纺布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种竹纤维玉米纤维双组分无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1竹纤维素浆粕和玉米芯纤维素纤维素浆粕的平均聚合度为300-600。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种竹纤维玉米纤维双组分无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，将N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物溶液负压蒸馏第一次的含水率为20-30％，再次负压蒸馏厚度含水率为10％-15％。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种竹纤维玉米纤维双组分无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，所述交联剂用量为混合纤维切片质量的0.05％-0.5％，发泡剂用量为混合纤维切片质量的0.1％-0.8％。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种竹纤维玉米纤维双组分无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，所述络合交联剂为葡萄糖酸、二乙撑三胺五乙酸、焦磷酸钠、二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸、氨基三甲叉膦酸中的至少两种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种竹纤维玉米纤维双组分无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为丙烯酸树脂表面涂沫纳米碳酸钙的高分子中空微球体。
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