CN114208768A - High-yield yak breeding method - Google Patents
High-yield yak breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114208768A CN114208768A CN202111524418.9A CN202111524418A CN114208768A CN 114208768 A CN114208768 A CN 114208768A CN 202111524418 A CN202111524418 A CN 202111524418A CN 114208768 A CN114208768 A CN 114208768A
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007320 Avena fatua Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000005601 Trisetum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000579 Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 101000857870 Squalus acanthias Gonadoliberin Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- XLXSAKCOAKORKW-AQJXLSMYSA-N gonadorelin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)NCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 XLXSAKCOAKORKW-AQJXLSMYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940035638 gonadotropin-releasing hormone Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000000231 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000207961 Sesamum Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 210000002249 digestive system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000012173 estrus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
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- Birds (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and particularly relates to a high-yield yak breeding method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) starting at the beginning of 4 months every year, herding cows and bulls in groups; after the cows and the bulls are grouped in 11 months, feeding the cows and the bulls with essence in a farm; (2) performing cow breeding task in February of the next year, and finishing the growth of the cow from the middle ten to 11 months of gestation; (3) feeding the bred calves in a breeding farm for 90-100 days, then entering a growth period, and performing grazing and supplementary feeding breeding in the growth period; and (4) slaughtering in 2 months in the second year after the breeding period, and performing group feeding on the cattle after slaughtering. The invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the yak breeding technology, the yak is bred in winter, the disease of calves is few, the feeding is convenient, the survival rate of the calves is high, the breeding efficiency is improved, the number of yaks is increased, and the production performance of the yaks is improved; within 155 days of winter and spring in one year, a stable pasture breeding system is formed and the fat condition of the yaks is kept.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and particularly relates to a high-yield yak breeding method.
Background
Yak is a rare species which can adapt to high-cold climate and continues to the present, and is a region of distribution in the earth of domestic animals in the world and a limited rare animal species resource. To date, yaks still belong to the original closed species with low growth performance. In alpine regions, the growth period of the pasture is short, the withering period is long, so that the yak grows slowly, the body condition and the weight gain of the yak show vicious circle of 'strong in summer, fertile in autumn, thin in winter and dead in spring' along with the growth season of the pasture, the group reproduction rate is low, the turnover is slow, and the product commodity rate is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a high-yield yak breeding method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-yield yak breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) raising in different pens, wherein the cows and the bulls are herded and fed manually in groups from the beginning of 4 months in the year; after the cows and the bulls are grouped in 11 months, feeding the cows and the bulls with essence in a farm;
(2) breeding and breeding, breeding the cows and the bulls in a close pen in the next 2 months, mating and breeding the cows to enter the gestation period, and feeding the cows by fine feeding in the gestation period; calving cow from 10 middle ten to 11 months; feeding 5-7 cattle per hundred square meters in the closed-space breeding;
(3) the calf grows, the bred calf enters a growth period after being fed for 90-150 days in a farm, and grazing and artificial supplementary feeding breeding are carried out in the growth period; and (5) marketing in the second year after the breeding period for 2 months.
Preferably, the formula of the concentrate feed comprises 43-73 wt% of green feed, 10-40 wt% of oat grass, 3-20 wt% of corn, 4-15 wt% of bean cake, 4-15 wt% of salt, and 0.5-5 wt% of mineral elements and vitamins.
Preferably, the supplementary feeding in the growing period comprises, by weight, 60-80% of corn flour, 10-30% of sesame cake, 2-15% of bran, 0.1-1% of salt, and 05-3% of mineral elements and vitamins.
Preferably, the temperature of the culture in the farm is 5.8-9 ℃.
Preferably, the pregnant cows in the step (2) should keep sufficient drinking water and exercise, and the exercise rate is 1200-1600 meters per day.
Preferably, before the farm in the step (1) is raised, 60-100 g of artificial salt is orally taken by each yak, the artificial salt is mixed with water into a mixture of 1-1.5 kg for drenching, and the yak enters a farm barn after observation for 20 days.
Preferably, the basic cow nutrition regulation adopts a step measure: feeding each cow in a circle by 0.4-0.6 kg of concentrate daily; 2-4 kg of concentrate is fed on each day during gestation; 1-3 kg of concentrate is fed daily in the lactation period, and meanwhile, the nutrient brick and green hay are fed additionally.
Preferably, the artificial feeding time is 8-9 am, 12-13 am and 18-19 pm.
Preferably, the cows that are not in heat are injected with gonadotropin releasing hormone during the mating period, 100 μ g per cow.
The invention adjusts the temperature and the feed of the feeding house when the group feeding is carried out, so that the feeding house can be in estrus in the next 2 months.
According to the invention, a stable pasture breeding system and yak fat condition maintenance are formed within 155 days in winter and spring in one year.
The breeding season of the female yaks is artificially modified, and calving is regulated 10-11 months per year because the female yaks are superior to the female yaks in winter. The calf has high resistance in winter, few diseases of main calves, convenient feeding, high survival rate of calves, abundant nutrition of milk in winter and high price. The natural green feed can be taken by yaks in the second year of age for seven months and the like, so that the yak feed has many advantages,
the technology is used in a farm in winter and spring, has low cost, high fat condition maintaining capacity and strong epidemic prevention capacity, and can protect the digestive system of yaks. The yaks in winter and spring can keep fat for 360 days in a pasture.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the yak breeding technology, the yak is bred in winter, the disease of calves is few, the feeding is convenient, the survival rate of the calves is high, the breeding efficiency is improved, the number of yaks is increased, and the yak production performance is improved. Grazing on natural grassland for 205 days within one year. Rest on natural grassland for 155 days.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
A high-yield yak breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) raising in different pens, wherein the cows and the bulls are herded and fed manually in groups from the beginning of 4 months in the year; after the cows and the bulls are grouped in 11 months, feeding the cows and the bulls with essence in a farm;
(2) breeding and breeding, breeding the cows and the bulls in a close pen in the next 2 months, mating and breeding the cows to enter the gestation period, and feeding the cows by fine feeding in the gestation period; calving cow from 10 middle ten to 11 months; feeding 5-7 cattle per hundred square meters in the closed-space breeding;
(3) the calf grows, the bred calf enters a growth period after being fed for 90-150 days in a farm, and grazing and artificial supplementary feeding breeding are carried out in the growth period; and (5) marketing in the second year after the breeding period for 2 months.
Example 2
The yak diet program in the growing period:
(1) checking the body height and the body weight of each yak;
(2) defining a first feed standard for each yak;
(3) performing first inspection on yaks within 40 days;
(4) defining a second feed standard according to the test result;
(5) performing second test on the yaks within 40 days;
(6) and (4) defining a third feed standard according to the test result.
Example 3
The formula of the concentrate feed comprises: 43% of green feed, 10% of oat grass, 3-20% of corn, 4% of bean cake, 4% of salt, and 0.5% of mineral elements and vitamins.
The supplementary feeding in the growth period comprises 60% of corn flour, 10% of sesame cakes, 2% of bran, 0.1% of salt, and 05-3% of mineral elements and vitamins.
The temperature of the pen-culture in the farm is 5.8 ℃.
And (2) before the yaks are raised in the step (1), 60g of artificial salt is orally taken by each yak, the artificial salt is mixed with water into a mixture of 1kg for drenching, and the yaks enter a raising house of the farm after observation for 20 days. The basic cow nutrition regulation adopts a step measure: feeding the cattle in different rings with 0.4 of concentrated feed each day; the concentrate is fed for 4.0 every day during the gestation period; the concentrate feed is fed 3.0 daily in lactation period, and the nutrient brick and green hay are fed additionally.
Example 4
A high-yield yak breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1) raising in different pens, wherein the cows and the bulls are herded and fed manually in groups from the beginning of 4 months in the year; after the cows and the bulls are grouped in 11 months, feeding the cows and the bulls with essence in a farm;
(2) breeding and breeding, breeding the cows and the bulls in a close pen in the next 2 months, mating and breeding the cows to enter the gestation period, and feeding the cows by fine feeding in the gestation period; calving cow from 10 middle ten to 11 months; feeding 5-7 cattle per hundred square meters in the closed-space breeding;
(3) the calf grows, the bred calf enters a growth period after being fed for 90-150 days in a farm, and grazing and artificial supplementary feeding breeding are carried out in the growth period; and (5) marketing in the second year after the breeding period for 2 months.
The formula of the concentrate feed comprises: 53% of green feed, 20% of oat grass, 13% of corn, 6% of bean cake, 6% of salt, mineral elements and 2% of vitamins.
The supplementary feeding in the growth period comprises 70% of corn flour, 20% of sesame cake, 8% of bran, 0.5% of salt, 1.5% of mineral elements and 1.5% of vitamins.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A high-yield yak breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) raising in different pens, wherein the cows and the bulls are herded and fed manually in groups from the beginning of 4 months in the year; after the cows and the bulls are grouped in 11 months, feeding the cows and the bulls with essence in a farm;
(2) breeding and breeding, breeding the cows and the bulls in a close pen in the next 2 months, mating and breeding the cows to enter the gestation period, and feeding the cows by fine feeding in the gestation period; calving cow from 10 middle ten to 11 months; feeding 5-7 cattle per hundred square meters in the closed-space breeding;
(3) the calf grows, the bred calf enters a growth period after being fed for 90-150 days in a farm, and grazing and artificial supplementary feeding breeding are carried out in the growth period; and (5) marketing in the second year after the breeding period for 2 months.
2. The high-yield yak breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the formula of the concentrated feed comprises 43-73 wt% of green feed, 10-40 wt% of oat grass, 3-20 wt% of corn, 4-15 wt% of bean cake, 4-15 wt% of salt, 0.5-5 wt% of mineral elements and 0.5-5 wt% of vitamins.
3. The high-yield yak breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the supplementary feeding in the growth period comprises, by weight, 60-80% of corn flour, 10-30% of sesame cake, 2-15% of bran, 0.1-1% of salt, and 05-3% of mineral elements and vitamins.
4. The high-yield yak breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the temperature of the captive breeding of the farm is 5.8-9 ℃.
5. The high-yield yak breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the pregnant cows need to keep sufficient drinking water and exercise, and the exercise rate is 1200-1600 meters per day.
6. The high-yield yak breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: before the yaks are raised in the step (1), 60-100 g of artificial salt is orally taken by each yak, the artificial salt is mixed with water into a mixture of 1-1.5 kg for drenching, and the yaks enter a raising house of the farm after observation for 20 days.
7. The high-yield yak breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the basic cow nutrition regulation adopts a step measure: feeding each cow in a circle by 0.4-0.6 kg of concentrate daily; 2-4 kg of concentrate is fed on each day during gestation; 1-3 kg of concentrate is fed daily in the lactation period, and meanwhile, the nutrient brick and green hay are fed additionally.
8. The high-yield yak breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the artificial feeding time is 8-9 am, 12-13 am and 18-19 pm.
9. The high-yield yak breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: injecting gonadotropin releasing hormone into the cow without heat in the mating period, wherein each cow is injected with 100 mu g.
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| CN202111524418.9A CN114208768B (en) | 2021-12-14 | 2021-12-14 | High-yield yak breeding method |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103503825A (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2014-01-15 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Method for improving reproductive rate of yaks |
| CN107926847A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-20 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of method for improving yak reproduction power |
| CN108967350A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-12-11 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of cultural method of extremely frigid zones cold season Yak cow |
| CN110959573A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2020-04-07 | 大理展鹏农业科技有限公司 | Breeding method for cattle |
-
2021
- 2021-12-14 CN CN202111524418.9A patent/CN114208768B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103503825A (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2014-01-15 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Method for improving reproductive rate of yaks |
| CN107926847A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-20 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of method for improving yak reproduction power |
| CN108967350A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-12-11 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of cultural method of extremely frigid zones cold season Yak cow |
| CN110959573A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2020-04-07 | 大理展鹏农业科技有限公司 | Breeding method for cattle |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 巴桑旺堆: "牦牛规模化养殖技术", 《草学》 * |
| 青海省国际互联网新闻中心: "东科日：轮牧带来的馈赠", 《青海新闻网》 * |
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