CN114203454B - Gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114203454B
CN114203454B CN202111422213.XA CN202111422213A CN114203454B CN 114203454 B CN114203454 B CN 114203454B CN 202111422213 A CN202111422213 A CN 202111422213A CN 114203454 B CN114203454 B CN 114203454B
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gel electrolyte
pole piece
super capacitor
metal salt
hydrogel
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CN114203454A (en
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曾炜
郭欣颖
张静斐
石超生
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Institute of Chemical Engineering of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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Institute of Chemical Engineering of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
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    • C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
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    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54—Electrolytes
    • H01G11/56—Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
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    • C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
    • C08J2333/14—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
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Abstract

The invention discloses a gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: selecting any two of polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, polyvidone poloxamer or polyacrylamide as polymer network structures, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propyl benzene ketone as photoinitiator, and using the wavelength of 365nm and the light source power of 80mW/cm 2 Preparing hydrogel by ultraviolet initiation; dissolving metal salt with organic solvent to obtain metal salt solution; soaking the hydrogel in a metal salt solution to obtain a gel electrolyte; and respectively placing the first pole piece and the second pole piece at two ends of the gel electrolyte, and enabling the temperature of the first pole piece to be higher than that of the second pole piece to finish the preparation of the super capacitor. The preparation method of the super capacitor provided by the embodiment of the application can avoid the liquid leakage of the super capacitor, and is convenient to package. The embodiment of the application provides that the super capacitor can be charged by utilizing heat dissipated in the environment, and energy recycling is facilitated.

Description

Gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of thermoelectric conversion, in particular to a gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Currently, the energy crisis has become a global problem, people in life need to consume a large amount of energy every day, but the energy is not fully applied, and a considerable part of the energy is converted into heat energy to be dissipated, so that huge resource waste is caused. Therefore, the thermoelectric conversion technology realized by the part of the dissipated heat is beneficial to realizing the reutilization of energy, and has wide market application value.
In the related art, there are various technologies related to thermoelectric conversion, such as a thermoelectric generator based on the seebeck effect, a thermal regenerative battery, or a liquid thermochemical battery, and the like. However, thermoelectric generators based on the seebeck effect are expensive in materials and operation; thermally regenerative batteries are complex and present a certain safety risk; the liquid thermochemical battery has the defects of easy leakage, difficult packaging, easy cross contamination, incapability of being used at low temperature and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a method for preparing a gel electrolyte thermal/electric charging super capacitor, including: selecting any two of polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, polyvidone poloxamer or polyacrylamide as polymer network structures, using 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propyl benzene ketone as photoinitiator, adopting the wavelength of 365nm and the light source power of 80mW/cm 2 Initiating by ultraviolet light to prepare hydrogel; dissolving metal salt with organic solvent to obtain metal salt solution; soaking the prepared hydrogel in the metal salt solution to obtain a gel electrolyte; respectively placing a first pole piece and a second pole piece at two ends of the gel electrolyte; and (3) making the temperature of the first pole piece higher than that of the second pole piece to finish the preparation of the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor.
Optionally, the metal salt is any one of lithium chloride, lithium sulfate or lithium hexafluorophosphate.
Optionally, the organic solvent is ethylene glycol or ethanol.
Optionally, the first pole piece and the second pole piece are both graphite sheets or carbon cloth; or modifying the surfaces of the first pole piece and the second pole piece by using a conductive material.
Optionally, the metal salt solution has a molar ratio of 2mol/L, 4mol/L, 6mol/L, and 8 mol/L.
Optionally, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate and povidone poloxamer are selected as the polymer network junctionThe preparation method comprises the following steps of selecting any two of polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, povidone poloxamer or polyacrylamide as a high-molecular network structure, using 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propyl phenyl ketone as a photoinitiator, and initiating by adopting ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 365nm to prepare hydrogel, and specifically comprises the following steps: mixing 1g of hydroxyethyl acrylate, 0.2g of povidone poloxamer, 0.01g of the photoinitiator and 2.8g of water to obtain a mixture, and uniformly stirring the mixture by using a magnetic stirrer; the luminous wavelength is 365nm, and the power of the light source is 80mW/cm 2 The mixture was initiated with ultraviolet light for 2 minutes to obtain the hydrogel.
Optionally, the soaking the prepared hydrogel in the metal salt solution to obtain a gel electrolyte includes: and soaking the hydrogel in the metal salt solution with different molar ratios, and obtaining the gel electrolyte after the hydrogel and the metal salt solution reach equilibrium.
Optionally, the making the temperature of the first pole piece higher than the temperature of the second pole piece includes: and clamping the first pole piece at the hot end of a temperature changer, clamping the second pole piece at the cold end of the temperature changer, and setting the temperature of the hot end to be higher than that of the cold end through the temperature changer.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor, where the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor includes a first pole piece, a second pole piece, and a gel electrolyte, and the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor is prepared by the method for preparing the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor according to the first aspect.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment of the application are as follows: in the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor in the embodiment of the application, any two of polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, povidone poloxamer or polyacrylamide are selected as a polymer network structure, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propyl ketone is used as a photoinitiator, and 365nm of wavelength and 80mW/cm of light source power are adopted 2 Preparing hydrogel by ultraviolet initiation; and dissolving the metal salt in an organic solventObtaining a metal salt solution; soaking the prepared hydrogel in the metal salt solution to obtain a gel electrolyte; then, assembling the super capacitor: and respectively placing a first pole piece and a second pole piece at two ends of the gel electrolyte, and enabling the temperature of the first pole piece to be higher than that of the second pole piece to finish the preparation of the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor. The preparation method of the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages that the preparation process is simple and rapid; the super capacitor conducts electricity by using the gel electrolyte, so that the situation of liquid leakage in the using process of the super capacitor can be avoided, and the requirement of the gel electrolyte on packaging is lower, so that the packaging is more convenient; in addition, the metal salt is added into the gel electrolyte, so that the conductivity of the gel electrolyte is effectively improved, and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the supercapacitor is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the claimed subject matter and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the subject matter and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the subject matter and not to limit the subject matter.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating steps of a method for fabricating a gel electrolyte thermally/electrically charged supercapacitor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gel electrolyte thermally/electrically charged supercapacitor provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a thermoelectric conversion principle of a gel electrolyte thermally/electrically charged supercapacitor according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is an electrical charging diagram of a gel electrolyte thermally/electrically charged supercapacitor provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a thermal charging diagram of a gel electrolyte thermal/electrical super capacitor provided in an example of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
It should be noted that although functional block divisions are provided in the system drawings and logical orders are shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown and described may be performed in different orders than the block divisions in the systems or in the flowcharts. The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims, and the drawings described above, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
Currently, the energy crisis has become a global problem, and in the transportation industry, industry and people's daily life, a large amount of energy is consumed every day, and the energy is not fully utilized, and part of the energy is converted into heat energy to be dissipated. Therefore, the thermoelectric conversion technology realized by dissipating heat is beneficial to realizing the reutilization of energy, and has wide market application value.
In the related art, there are various technologies related to thermoelectric conversion, such as a thermoelectric generator based on the seebeck effect, a thermal regenerative battery, or a liquid thermochemical battery. The thermoelectric generator based on the seebeck effect can collect low-grade heat energy by utilizing the temperature difference between a human body and the surroundings and then generate electric energy for a sensor to use, however, the material cost and the operation cost of the thermoelectric generator are high, and the wide application of the thermoelectric generator is influenced. Thermal regenerative batteries can produce higher power than other thermoelectric devices, however, the system complexity of thermal regenerative batteries is high and the safety risk of thermal regenerative batteries is high, making them difficult to use on a large scale. In addition, the liquid thermochemical battery has the disadvantages of easy leakage, difficult packaging, easy cross contamination, and difficult use at low temperature.
Based on the above, the embodiments of the present application provide a method for preparing a dual-network gel electrolyte thermal charging super capacitor, where the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor selects any two of polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, povidone poloxamer, or polyacrylamide as the selection materialIs in a macromolecular network structure, takes 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propyl phenyl ketone as a photoinitiator, adopts the wavelength of 365nm and the light source power of 80mW/cm 2 Preparing hydrogel by ultraviolet light initiation; dissolving metal salt with organic solvent to obtain metal salt solution; soaking the prepared hydrogel in a metal salt solution to obtain a gel electrolyte; then, assembling the super capacitor: and respectively placing the first pole piece and the second pole piece at two ends of the gel electrolyte, and enabling the temperature of the first pole piece to be higher than that of the second pole piece to finish the preparation of the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor. The preparation method of the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages that the preparation process is simple and rapid; the super capacitor conducts electricity by using the gel electrolyte, so that the situation of liquid leakage in the using process of the super capacitor can be avoided, and the requirement of the gel electrolyte on packaging is lower, so that the packaging is more convenient; in addition, the metal salt is added into the gel electrolyte, so that the conductivity of the gel electrolyte is effectively improved, and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the supercapacitor is improved.
The embodiments of the present application will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating steps of a method for manufacturing a gel electrolyte thermally/electrically charged supercapacitor according to an embodiment of the present application, the method including, but not limited to, steps S100 to S140:
s100, selecting any two of polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, povidone poloxamer or polyacrylamide as a high polymer network structure, taking 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propyl phenyl ketone as a photoinitiator, and adopting the wavelength of 365nm and the light source power of 80mW/cm 2 The ultraviolet light is used for initiation to prepare the hydrogel.
And S110, dissolving the metal salt with an organic solvent to obtain a metal salt solution.
Generally, gel-textured electrolytes are less conductive than liquid electrolytes. In order to improve the conductivity of the double-network gel electrolyte in the embodiment of the present application, the embodiment of the present application proposes to add a metal salt to the hydrogel, thereby improving the conductivity of the gel electrolyte. In the examples of the present application, the metal salt is dissolved using an organic solvent to obtain a metal salt solution, so that the metal salt can be added to the hydrogel during the subsequent solution replacement.
In some embodiments, the metal salt may be any one of lithium chloride, lithium sulfate, or lithium hexafluorophosphate; in other embodiments, the metal salt may also be other salts soluble in organic solvents.
It is understood that metal salt solutions with different molar ratios can be obtained according to different ratios of the organic solvent and the metal salt, and in the embodiment of the present application, the molar ratios of the metal salt solutions can be 2mol/L, 4mol/L, 6mol/L and 8 mol/L. It will be appreciated that the conductivity of gel electrolytes obtained using metal salt solutions of different molar ratios may vary.
S120, soaking the prepared hydrogel in a metal salt solution to obtain a gel electrolyte;
in particular, under a low-temperature environment, the aqueous electrolyte solution in the related art may freeze, resulting in the inability of the supercapacitor to be used. Therefore, the examples of the present application propose a method using solvent replacement, in which the solvent in the hydrogel prepared in step S100 is replaced with an organic solvent. The organic solvent in the embodiment of the application is glycol or ethanol, the glycol is taken as an example and is used as an industrial antifreeze, the glycol is widely applied to the field of automobile antifreeze, and the antifreeze can enable an automobile engine to still normally operate in cold winter. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, it is proposed to replace the solvent in the hydrogel with an organic solvent such as ethylene glycol, so that the supercapacitor can be normally used in a low-temperature environment.
Therefore, in step S110, the metal salt is dissolved by the organic solvent to obtain a metal salt solution, and the hydrogel prepared in step S100 is soaked in the metal salt solution to perform solution replacement on the hydrogel and the metal salt solution, so as to obtain the gel electrolyte with strong conductivity and good freezing resistance.
S130, respectively placing the first pole piece and the second pole piece at two ends of the gel electrolyte;
specifically, after the gel electrolyte is prepared, the assembly of the supercapacitor in the example of the present application is performed. The super capacitor in the embodiment of the application has two pole pieces, namely a first pole piece and a second pole piece. The first pole piece and the second pole piece are made of the same material, and the pole pieces can be graphite sheets or carbon cloth. In other embodiments, other materials that can be used as the pole pieces may be used, or the surfaces of the first pole piece and the second pole piece may be modified with a conductive material so that they can perform a conductive function.
When the super capacitor is assembled, the first pole piece and the second pole piece are respectively disposed at two ends of the gel electrolyte, a specific assembly manner may refer to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor provided in the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 2, the hot end 210 and the cold end 220 are respectively two ends of the temperature changer, the first pole piece 230 is in contact with the hot end, the second pole piece 240 is in contact with the cold end, a cylindrical portion between the first pole piece and the second pole piece in fig. 2 is the gel electrolyte 250, and a load is denoted by reference numeral 260.
It is understood that when the supercapacitor of the embodiment of the present application is actually assembled, the gel electrolyte may be encapsulated using a designated container, and then the first and second pole pieces are respectively contacted with the gel electrolyte at both sides. The application only describes that two pole pieces of the super capacitor respectively contact the gel electrolyte, and the actual shape of the super capacitor is not particularly limited.
S140, making the temperature of the first pole piece higher than that of the second pole piece to finish the preparation of the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor.
Specifically, the gel electrolyte thermal/electric charging super capacitor proposed in the embodiment of the present application performs thermoelectric conversion according to the temperature difference between the first pole piece and the second pole piece. Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a thermoelectric conversion principle of a gel electrolyte thermally/electrically charged supercapacitor according to an embodiment of the present application. The high molecular polymers adopted in the preparation of the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor shown in fig. 3 are polyhydroxyethyl acrylate and povidone poloxamer respectively, and the selected metal salt is lithium chloride.
As shown in fig. 3, the two high molecular polymers, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate and povidone-poloxamer, form a double-network type high molecular network structure, the high molecular network structure composed of polyhydroxyethyl acrylate is denoted by reference numeral 310, and the high molecular network structure composed of povidone-poloxamer is denoted by reference numeral 320. In addition, a lithium ion positively charged in lithium chloride is denoted by reference numeral 330, and a chloride ion negatively charged in lithium chloride is denoted by reference numeral 340. In addition, the first pole piece is denoted by reference numeral 350, the second pole piece is denoted by reference numeral 360, and the load is denoted by reference numeral 370.
As shown in fig. 3, the temperature of the first pole piece is higher than that of the second pole piece, a temperature difference occurs between the two pole pieces, lithium ions and chloride ions in the gel electrolyte migrate from the hotter side to the cooler side due to thermal diffusion effects, since the gel electrolyte in the embodiment of the present application includes a polymer network structure in the form of a double network, migration of lithium ions and chloride ions is affected by the network structure, however, since lithium ions have a smaller volume, resulting in a smaller migration resistance and a faster migration speed of lithium ions than chlorine ions, lithium ions are eventually accumulated at the cooler side, i.e., the second plate, and more chloride ions stay on the hotter side, namely the side of the first pole piece, and at this time, an electric double layer is formed at the interface of the pole piece and the gel electrolyte, so that the thermoelectric conversion process of the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor provided by the embodiment of the application is completed.
Therefore, according to the above thermoelectric conversion principle, in step S140, the temperature of the first electrode plate is higher than that of the second electrode plate, so that ions in the gel electrolyte can approach to different electrode plates, and finally, an electrical layer is formed, thereby completing the preparation of the gel electrolyte thermal/electrical charging super capacitor.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the first pole piece may be sandwiched between the hot side of the temperature varying instrument and the second pole piece may be sandwiched between the cold side of the temperature varying instrument, with the temperature of the hot side being set higher than the temperature of the cold side by the temperature varying instrument, thereby creating a temperature differential between the first pole piece and the second pole piece. In other embodiments, the temperature difference between the first pole piece and the second pole piece can be generated by heating only the first pole piece.
Through the steps S100 to S140, the embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a gel electrolyte thermal/electrical super capacitor, wherein any two of polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, povidone-poloxamer or polyacrylamide are selected as a polymer network structure, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propyl ketone is used as a photoinitiator, and 365nm light source power is 80mW/cm 2 Preparing hydrogel by ultraviolet initiation; dissolving metal salt with organic solvent to obtain metal salt solution; soaking the prepared hydrogel in a metal salt solution to obtain a gel electrolyte; then, assembling the super capacitor: and respectively placing the first pole piece and the second pole piece at two ends of the gel electrolyte, and enabling the temperature of the first pole piece to be higher than that of the second pole piece to finish the preparation of the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor. The preparation method of the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages that the preparation process is simple and rapid; the super capacitor conducts electricity by using the gel electrolyte, so that the situation of liquid leakage in the using process of the super capacitor can be avoided, and the requirement of the gel electrolyte on packaging is lower, so that the packaging is more convenient; in addition, the metal salt is added into the gel electrolyte, so that the conductivity of the gel electrolyte is effectively improved, and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the supercapacitor is improved.
The embodiment of the application also provides a gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor, which comprises a first pole piece, a second pole piece and a gel electrolyte, wherein the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor is prepared by combining one or more preparation methods of the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor. The method for preparing the gel electrolyte thermal/electric charging super capacitor is explained below by combining practical parameters.
Firstly, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate and povidone poloxamer are selected to construct a high-molecular network structure, ethylene glycol is selected as an organic solvent, and LiCl (lithium chloride) is selected as a metal salt. 1g of hydroxyl acrylate was added to the sample bottleEthyl ester, 0.2g of povidone poloxamer, 0.01g of photoinitiator and 2.8g of water are mixed to obtain a mixture, and the mixture is stirred uniformly by using a magnetic stirrer. Then using the light-emitting wavelength of 365nm and the light source power of 80mW/cm 2 The mixture was initiated with ultraviolet light for 2 minutes to obtain a hydrogel. Preparing LiCl/EG solutions (metal salt solutions) with different molar ratios by using ethylene glycol and LiCl, soaking hydrogel in the LiCl/EG solutions, and obtaining the gel electrolyte after 7 days of the hydrogel and the metal salt solutions reach equilibrium. The gel electrolyte is taken out, two graphite sheets are used as a first pole piece and a second pole piece, the pole pieces are respectively placed at two ends of the gel electrolyte to be assembled into a super capacitor, the assembled super capacitor is clamped to two pole pieces of a temperature changer and respectively clamped at two ends of the temperature changer, and the open-circuit voltage of the super capacitor is tested by setting different temperature differences.
Through a plurality of experiments, it was confirmed that the preferable molar ratio of the LiCl/EG solution was 4mol/L in the method for manufacturing the gel electrolyte thermally/electrically charged supercapacitor proposed in the examples of the present application. The conductivity of the gel electrolyte can be calculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003376932020000071
where σ denotes the conductivity of the gel electrolyte, t denotes the thickness of the gel electrolyte, R denotes the resistance of the gel electrolyte, and a denotes the area of contact of the gel electrolyte with the first or second electrode sheet. Through experimental calculation, when LiCl/EG solution with the molar ratio of 4mol/L is used, the conductivity of the gel electrolyte in the embodiment of the application is calculated to be 0.83S/m at most.
In addition, both of the electric charging and the thermal charging experiments were performed on the gel electrolyte thermally charged/electrically charged super capacitor provided in the example of the present application under the laboratory conditions, and the experimental results were shown in fig. 4 and 5.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is an electric charge diagram of a gel electrolyte thermal charge/electric charge super capacitor provided in this embodiment of the present application, and it can be found through the constant current charge and discharge test of the dual-network gel capacitor in fig. 4 that the capacitor is charged and discharged in the voltage interval of 0-1V, which proves that the super capacitor prepared in this embodiment of the present application can be electrically charged.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a thermal charging diagram of a gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor provided in this embodiment of the present application, and fig. 5 shows that when a temperature varying instrument applies different temperature differences to a first pole piece and a second pole piece of a super capacitor, different open-circuit voltages can be obtained, which proves that the capacitor can be charged through the temperature difference between the two pole pieces, that is, the super capacitor prepared in this embodiment of the present application can be thermally charged.
The preparation method of the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages that the preparation process is simple and rapid; the super capacitor conducts electricity by using the gel electrolyte, so that the situation of liquid leakage in the using process of the super capacitor can be avoided, and the requirement of the gel electrolyte on packaging is lower, so that the packaging is more convenient; in addition, the metal salt is added into the gel electrolyte, so that the conductivity of the gel electrolyte is effectively improved, and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the supercapacitor is improved.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included in the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A method for preparing a gel electrolyte thermal/electric charging super capacitor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting any two of polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, polyvidone poloxamer or polyacrylamide as polymer network structures, using 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propyl benzene ketone as photoinitiator, adopting the wavelength of 365nm and the light source power of 80mW/cm 2 Initiating by ultraviolet light to prepare hydrogel;
dissolving metal salt with organic solvent to obtain metal salt solution;
soaking the prepared hydrogel in the metal salt solution to obtain a gel electrolyte;
respectively placing a first pole piece and a second pole piece at two ends of the gel electrolyte;
and (3) making the temperature of the first pole piece higher than that of the second pole piece to finish the preparation of the gel electrolyte thermal charging/electric charging super capacitor.
2. The method for producing a gel electrolyte thermally/electrically charged supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the metal salt is any one of lithium chloride, lithium sulfate or lithium hexafluorophosphate.
3. The method for manufacturing a gel electrolyte thermally/electrically charged supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is ethylene glycol or ethanol.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second electrode sheets are both graphite sheets and carbon cloth;
or modifying the surfaces of the first pole piece and the second pole piece by using a conductive material.
5. The method for producing a gel electrolyte thermally/electrically charged supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein the metal salt solution is in a molar ratio of 2mol/L, 4mol/L, 6mol/L and 8 mol/L.
6. The method for preparing a gel electrolyte thermal/electric charging super capacitor according to claim 1, wherein polyhydroxyethyl acrylate and povidone-poloxamer are selected as the polymer network structure, any two of polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, povidone-poloxamer or polyacrylamide are selected as the polymer network structure, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propyl benzene ketone is used as a photoinitiator, and ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 365nm is used for initiating the preparation of the hydrogel, which specifically comprises the following steps:
mixing 1g of hydroxyethyl acrylate, 0.2g of povidone poloxamer, 0.01g of the photoinitiator and 2.8g of water to obtain a mixture, and uniformly stirring the mixture by using a magnetic stirrer;
The luminous wavelength is 365nm, and the power of the light source is 80mW/cm 2 The mixture is initiated by ultraviolet light for 2 minutes to obtain the hydrogel.
7. The method for preparing a gel electrolyte thermal/electric charging super capacitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein said soaking the prepared hydrogel in the metal salt solution to obtain a gel electrolyte comprises: and soaking the hydrogel in the metal salt solution with different molar ratios, and obtaining the gel electrolyte after the hydrogel and the metal salt solution reach equilibrium.
8. The method for preparing a gel electrolyte thermal/electric charging super capacitor according to claim 1, wherein said making the temperature of the first pole piece higher than the temperature of the second pole piece comprises:
and clamping the first pole piece at the hot end of a temperature changer, clamping the second pole piece at the cold end of the temperature changer, and setting the temperature of the hot end to be higher than that of the cold end through the temperature changer.
9. A dual-network gel electrolyte thermal/electric charging super-capacitor, which is characterized in that the gel electrolyte thermal/electric charging super-capacitor comprises a first pole piece, a second pole piece and a gel electrolyte, and the dual-network gel electrolyte thermal/electric charging super-capacitor is prepared by the preparation method of the gel electrolyte thermal/electric charging super-capacitor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
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