CN114203006B - Stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experiment device - Google Patents

Stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experiment device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114203006B
CN114203006B CN202111504697.2A CN202111504697A CN114203006B CN 114203006 B CN114203006 B CN 114203006B CN 202111504697 A CN202111504697 A CN 202111504697A CN 114203006 B CN114203006 B CN 114203006B
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sleeve
columnar container
heat
heating
heater
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CN114203006A (en
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赵富龙
邢李泽
董显敏
杨舒宁
谭思超
卢瑞博
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Harbin Engineering University
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B25/00Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30Nuclear fission reactors

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a demonstration experiment device for a Stirling cycle reactor system, wherein a bracket is built by an aluminum profile, and a heating device is divided into a control device and an invasive heater; the heat conducting device is divided into a columnar container, a heat conducting medium, temperature measuring equipment, a sleeve and a heat insulating layer. The support is welded on the flange through the contact limiting and the rest part of the supporting device, the left end face of the columnar container is opened, the invasive heater is connected through a bolt, the right end face of the columnar container is closed, a hole is drilled in the center and is welded with the sleeve, and the heating end of the Stirling engine is completely embedded into the sleeve to realize heat transfer with the heat conducting device. The invention provides the compact small modularized Stirling cycle reactor demonstration verification device which has the advantages of simple structure, low price, wide demonstration verification working condition range, high control speed, wide control power range, wide temperature range and excellent heat conduction performance, and fills the blank of the demonstration verification of Stirling cycle reactor systems in China.

Description

Stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experiment device
Technical Field
The invention relates to a demonstration experiment device for a Stirling cycle reactor system, which mainly relates to the technical fields of heat transfer science, fluid mechanics, nuclear physics, engineering thermodynamics and the like.
Background
At present, various industrial countries are under development for tightening a small-sized special nuclear reactor power supply system, wherein the U.S. and Russian are successful in launching satellites using isotope power supplies. The heat pipe space reactor Kilopower power supply based on Stirling cycle is proposed in the United states in 2015, and has the advantages of simple related design, excellent equipment performance and subversive significance for the design of special stacks. The related work in China is started later, and most of the current work is focused on the conceptual design and numerical calculation of space nuclear reactor power supply systems in universities and scientific research institutions, or independent researches on certain parts, such as the research on space Stirling engines in the Lanzhou space technology physics institute and the conceptual design of heat pipe space piles in the northwest nuclear technology institute. The construction of a reactor requires that a prototype pile be first established, particularly a pile type applied to a special scene (such as space or deep sea), and that a ground prototype pile be established to verify the design thereof. At present, relevant reports of ground prototype stacks are not yet presented in China, and the blank in the field of demonstration verification can influence the development progress of future special stacks in China to a certain extent. The demonstration experiment device for the Stirling cycle reactor system provided by the invention can simulate the working conditions of the reactor under different working conditions (such as start-up, shutdown and stable working) through the adjustment of device parameters so as to verify the feasibility of related conceptual design and provide an experiment foundation for building a ground prototype reactor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides the compact small modularized Stirling cycle reactor demonstration verification device which has the advantages of simple structure, low price, wide demonstration verification working condition range, high control speed, wide control power range, wide temperature range and excellent heat conduction performance, and fills the blank of the demonstration verification of Stirling cycle reactor systems in China.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way: the device comprises a bracket, a heating device, a heat conduction device and a Stirling engine, wherein the bracket is built by an aluminum profile, and the heating device is divided into a control device and an invasive heater; the heat conduction device is divided into a columnar container, a heat conduction medium, temperature measuring equipment, a sleeve and a heat insulation layer. The support is welded on the flange through contact limitation and the rest part of the supporting device, the left end face of the columnar container is opened and connected with the invasive heater through bolts, the right end face of the columnar container is closed, a hole is drilled in the center and welded with the sleeve, and the heating end of the Stirling engine is completely embedded into the sleeve to realize heat transfer with the heat conducting device.
Preferably, the sleeve is cylindrical, has an end face closed to contact the heat transfer medium and an end open to facilitate access to the heating end of the Stirling engine.
Preferably, the cylindrical container is drilled on the upper and lower sides respectively, and the external thread platform is welded.
Preferably, the external thread platform on the upper side surface of the columnar container is a feed inlet and is close to the left end surface of the columnar container. The outer thread platform of the lower side surface of the columnar container is a discharge hole and is close to the right end surface of the columnar container.
Preferably, the heat conducting medium is lead bismuth alloy or sodium potassium alloy or lead metal or molten salt, and enters the columnar container through the feed inlet and leaves the columnar container through the discharge outlet.
Optionally, the left end face of the columnar container is lifted by the cushion block, so that the heat conducting medium is conveniently and completely discharged through the discharge hole.
Optionally, the invasive heater is connected with the control device, the control device indirectly adjusts the temperature of the device by adjusting the power parameter of the invasive heater, power output is achieved within response time (100 ms), and adjustment of the overall temperature distribution inside the heat conduction device is achieved within 5min. By adjusting the power parameters by the control device, the invention can simulate the working conditions of the reactor under different working conditions (such as starting, stopping and stable operation, etc.), the power range covers 0-200% of full power, and covers all the operating power ranges of the reactor.
Preferably, the insulating layer is made of ceramic fiber material (with a conductivity of about 0.1W/(mk)) and completely covers the cylindrical container side and right side except the sleeve.
Alternatively, the heat conducting medium may be a heat pipe, and is fixed in the columnar container by combining with a spacer grid, and is in heat transfer with the sleeve.
Preferably, the sleeve can be a common sleeve, and the gap connected with the heating end of the Stirling engine is filled with heat conducting silica gel, and a special casting sleeve can be used for enhancing heat transfer.
When the invention is used for demonstration verification, the control device is firstly used for inputting preset heating parameters, the heat conducting medium in the container is used for transmitting the energy generated by the invasive heater to the heating end of the Stirling engine, and finally the whole device reaches the preset working state, so that the demonstration verification is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The invention can realize the power regulation of the heating device within the response time (within 100 ms) by regulating the heat source parameters, and realize the regulation of the whole temperature distribution within 5min, thereby simulating the working condition of the reactor under 15 different working conditions (start/stop, power step rising, power slowly rising, power step reducing, power slowly reducing, large break accident, small break accident, loss of coolant accident, stable working and the like), and the power range covers 0% -200% of full power. Demonstration verification of different reactor core temperatures and different reactor working conditions is realized (wherein the break accident can be simulated by adjusting the opening of the discharge hole).
2. The heating device, the heat conduction device, the Stirling engine and the support are widely connected by bolts, the heat conduction device and the Stirling engine are connected by sleeves, and on the basis of meeting the sealing, heat transfer and mechanical properties of an instrument, the overall greater flexibility of the invention is provided, and demonstration verification of concept designs of different geometric shapes and arrangement modes can be realized. Meanwhile, the control device and the Stirling engine are contained or fixedly connected to the columnar container, so that the device has a simple integral structure and a compact design, and is convenient for miniaturization and modularization of equipment. The method can be conveniently expanded according to special requirements, for example, a plurality of module arrangements are adopted to realize demonstration verification of higher power, or the operation characteristics of a parallel process of a plurality of reactor systems are simulated.
3. According to the invention, the lead-bismuth alloy is mainly used as a heat conducting medium in combination with practical experiment experience, so that the heat power dissipation of the heating device is reduced. Meanwhile, as the heat conduction performance of the liquid metal is excellent, the phenomenon that the temperature of a partial area is too high due to the fact that energy is accumulated in a heat conduction medium can be effectively avoided, and therefore demonstration verification (100-1000 ℃) of a reactor system in a wider temperature range is carried out; the temperature of a Stirling cycle heat source can be effectively improved, and the thermodynamic cycle efficiency is improved; and heat can be quickly conducted in the heat conducting medium, so that the response speed (not more than 5 min) of the demonstration device is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heating device and a heat conducting device according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall connection of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the temperature distribution at the axis of the columnar vessel in a stable operation.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention includes a heating device 1, a heat conduction device 2, a stirling engine 3, and a bracket 4. The heating device comprises a 1-1 invasive heater, a 1-2 control system, 1-3 wires, a 1-4 outer flange, and a flange 2-1 connected with the heat conduction device 2 through a 1-5 gasket and a 1-6 bolt. The columnar container 2-2 is welded with the flange 2-1, the outer side is covered with the ceramic fiber heat insulation layer 2-3, the upper side is provided with holes, the external thread platform feed inlet 2-4 is welded, and the lower side is provided with holes, the external thread platform discharge outlet 2-5 is welded. The right end face of the columnar container 2-2 is closed, a hole is formed in the center of the columnar container, the sleeve 2-6 is inserted into the cavity through the hole to a certain depth and welded to the right end face, and the heat conducting medium 2-7 is contained in the cavity. The ball valve 2-8 and the ball valve 2-9 are respectively connected with the external thread feed inlet 2-4 and the external thread discharge outlet 2-5, and when a heat conducting medium (such as molten salt) needing to isolate air heating or a heat conducting medium (such as heat conducting oil) needing to release pressure is adopted, the ball valve 2-8 can be replaced by a one-way valve or a pressure release valve.
As shown in fig. 2, the stirling engine 3 is divided into a heating end 3-1 of the stirling engine and the remaining part 3-2, the heating end 3-1 of which is inserted into the sleeve 2-6 and the gap is filled with heat conductive silica gel 3-3. The bracket 4 is divided into a left bracket 4-2, a right bracket 4-4 and a cross beam 4-3. The cushion block 4-1 is connected to the cross beam 4-3 through a bolt, the left end of the heat conduction device 2 is lifted, the heat conduction medium 2-7 is conveniently discharged from the discharge port 2-5, so that the accident condition of coolant deficiency is simulated, the heat conduction medium is discharged after the experiment is finished, and the chemical corrosion of the device is reduced. The remainder of the Stirling engine 3-2 is secured by contact constraint to a platform 4-5 which is bolted to the right bracket 4-4 and supported by the ribs 4-6. In addition, the output of the Stirling generator is connected to a power measuring device, and thermocouples, not shown here, are arranged around the sleeves 2-6.
When the invention is used for demonstration verification, the power parameters of the invasive heater 1-1 are set by the control device 1-2, the power output is completed within 100ms, after heating for a period of time (not more than 20s, the temperature of the heater is higher than the melting point of the heat conducting medium), the heat conducting medium 2-7 is added from the feed port 2-5 (if a heat pipe or the heat conducting medium can be stored in the columnar container 2-2 for a long time (such as heat conducting oil is used), the experiment can be directly started), after the heat conducting medium is filled (can be confirmed visually), the spherical valve 2-8 is closed, and data recording is started (the temperature field distribution in the columnar container 2-2 reaches a steady state after simulation calculation under the geometric parameters of the existing experiment table for about 5 min).
The heat conducting medium 2-7 (here, lead bismuth alloy) is added after the invasive heater (1-1) is preheated for 30s, at which time the heater temperature exceeds the medium melting point, and the melted heat conducting medium flows to the right side of the cylindrical container 2-2 due to the lower medium viscosity. Due to the excellent heat conductive properties of the heat conductive medium, a large amount of heating power can be conducted to the stirling engine 3. After the heating end 3-1 of the Stirling engine is heated, gas in the engine is heated and expanded, and heat energy is converted into electric energy through a thermodynamic cycle (Stirling cycle) and a generator. In the conversion process, the thermocouple measures the temperature of the inner wall of the sleeve in real time, the universal meter measures the power generation parameter in real time, and the demonstration verification of different working conditions is realized by combining the setting parameters of the control system.
In particular, a stirling cycle reactor demonstration verification device made in accordance with the present invention is pointed out herein. The device adopts a heating device 1 with the power range of 1-8kW, the size of a heating rod of the invasive heater 1-1 is phi 10x250mm, and 4 heating rods are uniformly distributed on the circumference of phi 40. The columnar container 2-2 is made of a 304 stainless steel tube with the length DN80 of 300mm, the thickness of the ceramic fiber heat insulation layer 2-3 is 20mm, the caliber of the external thread platforms 2-4 and 2-5 is 1.5 inches, and the high-temperature spherical valves 2-8 and 2-9 of DN40 are matched. The sleeve 2-6 is 19mm long and 2mm thick, the heating end of the Stirling engine is 3-1 mm long, and the heat conductivity of the heat conducting silica gel 3-3 is 2W/(mK). The size of the support is not directly related to the verification target of the system core demonstration, and the description is omitted here.
Referring to fig. 3 (cylindrical vessel 2-2 axis temperature distribution), when the heating rod temperature reached 873K, the sleeve steady state temperature reached 790K (about 520 ℃), thereby demonstrating the rationality and advancement of the present invention by numerical calculations.
It should be understood that the heat transfer medium 2-7, the power parameters of the invasive heater 1-1, the geometry of the columnar container 2-2, the heat transfer medium 2-7, etc. are not limited to those exemplified in the above examples, and the above parameters may be adjusted according to the verification accuracy and conceptual design.
For example, some conceptual designs may optionally include coolant circulation loops, and when such conceptual designs are demonstrated, mating externally threaded tubing and circulation pumps may be connected to the other side of ball valves 2-8 and 2-9.
For example, the present invention may alternatively employ a mass-produced Stirling engine as the modular part 3 based on the original purpose of inexpensive design and the current state of the art of domestic space Stirling engines. If special requirements are required on the accuracy of demonstration verification, the Stirling engine prototype selected by the conceptual design can be selected for demonstration verification.
For example, alternatively, fig. 3 only shows the temperature distribution at the axis of the columnar vessel 2-2 at the time of steady-state operation at the set parameters, and the temperature distribution of the remaining operation states (such as the transient temperature distribution of start-up/shut-down and the time when the coolant is gradually lost) may be set to the corresponding initial conditions for numerical calculation.
For example, the present invention may alternatively employ a substance having heat conductive ability such as heat conductive oil, molten salt, heat pipe, or the like as the heat conductive medium. According to the existing experimental data, the highest heating temperature should not exceed 220 ℃ when using heat conduction oil, forced convection equipment (such as a stirrer) or a flow loop needs to be arranged in the columnar container 2-2 when using molten salt as a heat conduction medium, and a positioning grid needs to be arranged in the columnar container 2-2 when using a heat pipe, so that the structural stability is improved.
In summary, the invention provides a Stirling cycle reactor demonstration verification device, which comprises four parts, namely a bracket, a heating device, a heat conduction device and a Stirling engine. The heating device and the heat conduction device are connected through a welding flange and a bolt, the invasive heater and the heat conduction medium are contained in the cavity of the heat conduction device, the upper side surface and the lower side surface of the heat conduction device are respectively provided with holes and welded with a threaded platform, and the spherical valve is installed. The heating end of the Stirling engine realizes heat conduction through the sleeve, and heat conduction silica gel is filled at the contact part of the heating end and the sleeve to reduce heat resistance. The heating device, the heat conduction device and the Stirling engine are all arranged on the support, and the left end face of the heat conduction device is lifted through the cushion block, so that heat conduction medium can flow and be discharged conveniently.
The invention regulates and controls the power parameters of the invasive heater through the control system, completes power regulation and output within 100ms, and realizes the redistribution of an internal temperature field (using lead bismuth alloy) within a few minutes, thereby simulating different reactor core temperatures and realizing demonstration verification of the reactor working condition under the working conditions of starting, stable operation, shutdown and partial accidents.
For the Stirling engine, the invention adopts the model of the Stirling engine produced in batch based on the principle of low price, thereby being convenient for the production and the assembly of experimental devices. For high-precision verification requirements, part of modules (such as Stirling engines, sleeves and the like) can be replaced by special prototype parts, so that the rationality of the overall design of the reactor can be verified on the one hand, and the rationality of the special Stirling engines can be verified on the other hand.
In the design of the invention, a large number of detachable bolt connection and modularized designs are used, so that the invention has great flexibility, and demonstration verification of different conceptual designs can be realized.
For the heat conduction portion, based on the experimental and simulation results conducted so far, it is preferable to use a lead bismuth alloy as the heat conduction medium. For part of special designs, the heat conducting medium can be flexibly replaced by corresponding substances, or the feed inlet and the discharge outlet are connected with a pipeline to manufacture a gaseous/liquid working medium circulation loop, so that the application range of the invention is enlarged.
Through numerical calculation, the heat transfer efficiency of the invention is higher, and the rationality and the advancement of the design are verified. The invention can be used as a demonstration verification device of a reactor type based on Stirling cycle, and has the advantages of simple body design, low price, accurate and convenient data acquisition and wide research range.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "upper side", "lower side", "left end face", "right end face", "left side", "right side", etc. are directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or relative positional relationships between the two, are merely for convenience in describing the simplified description of the present invention, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be configured and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A Stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experiment device is characterized in that: the device comprises a bracket, a heating device, a heat conduction device and a Stirling engine; the bracket is built by an aluminum profile; the heating device is divided into a control device and an invasive heater; the heat conduction device is divided into a columnar container, a heat conduction medium, temperature measurement equipment, a sleeve and a heat insulation layer; the rest of the support and support means being contacted by the support; the invasive heater is welded on the flange; the left end face of the columnar container is provided with an opening, and is connected with an invasive heater through a bolt; the right end face of the columnar container is sealed, and a hole is drilled in the center and welded with the sleeve; the external thread platform on the upper side surface of the columnar container is a feed inlet and is close to the left end surface of the columnar container; the outer thread platform on the lower side surface of the columnar container is a discharge hole and is close to the right end surface of the columnar container; the heat conducting medium is lead bismuth alloy or sodium potassium alloy or lead metal or molten salt, enters the columnar container through the feed inlet and leaves the columnar container through the discharge outlet; the heating end of the Stirling engine is completely embedded into the sleeve to realize heat transfer with the heat conduction device; the sleeve is cylindrical, one end face of the sleeve is closed and is in contact with the heat conducting medium, and the other end of the sleeve is open so that the heating end of the Stirling engine can enter the sleeve conveniently;
the control device is used for indirectly regulating the temperature of the device by regulating the power parameter of the invasive heater, realizing power output in response time, regulating the overall temperature distribution in the heat conduction device in 5min and regulating the power parameter by the control device;
When demonstration verification is carried out, setting power parameters of an invasive heater through a control device, completing power output, heating to enable the temperature of the heater to be higher than the melting point of a heat conducting medium, then starting to add the heat conducting medium through a feed inlet, closing a spherical valve after filling, and starting to record data, wherein the distribution of a temperature field in a columnar container reaches a steady state within 5 minutes; the melted heat conducting medium flows to the right side of the cylindrical container due to the inclined arrangement of the cylindrical container, and the heating power can be conducted to the Stirling engine; after the heating end of the Stirling engine is heated, gas in the engine is heated and expanded, and heat energy is converted into electric energy through Stirling cycle and a generator; in the conversion process, the thermocouple measures the temperature of the inner wall of the sleeve in real time, the universal meter measures the power generation parameter in real time, and the demonstration verification of different working conditions is realized by combining the setting parameters of the control system.
2. A stirling cycle reactor system demonstration test device in accordance with claim 1 wherein: and the columnar container is drilled on the upper side surface and the lower side surface respectively, and an external thread platform is welded.
3. A stirling cycle reactor system demonstration test device in accordance with claim 1 wherein: the left end face of the columnar container is lifted by the cushion block, so that the heat conducting medium is conveniently and completely discharged through the discharge hole.
4. A stirling cycle reactor system demonstration test device in accordance with claim 1 wherein: the heat insulation layer is made of ceramic fiber materials and completely covers the side surface and the right side surface of the columnar container except the sleeve.
CN202111504697.2A 2021-12-10 2021-12-10 Stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experiment device Active CN114203006B (en)

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