CN114203006A - Stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experimental apparatus - Google Patents

Stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experimental apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114203006A
CN114203006A CN202111504697.2A CN202111504697A CN114203006A CN 114203006 A CN114203006 A CN 114203006A CN 202111504697 A CN202111504697 A CN 202111504697A CN 114203006 A CN114203006 A CN 114203006A
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China
Prior art keywords
heat
sleeve
stirling cycle
reactor system
container
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CN202111504697.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
赵富龙
邢李泽
董显敏
杨舒宁
谭思超
卢瑞博
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Harbin Engineering University
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Harbin Engineering University
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Priority to CN202111504697.2A priority Critical patent/CN114203006A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B25/00Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes

Abstract

The invention provides a Stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experimental device.A bracket is built through an aluminum profile, and a heating device is divided into a control device and an invasive heater; the heat conducting device is divided into a columnar container, a heat conducting medium, temperature measuring equipment, a sleeve and a heat insulating layer. The support limits and supports the rest parts of the device through contact, the intrusive heater is welded on the flange, the left end face of the columnar container is opened, the intrusive heater is connected through a bolt, the right end face of the columnar container is closed, a hole is drilled in the center of the columnar container and welded with the sleeve, and the heating end of the Stirling engine is completely embedded into the sleeve to realize heat transfer with the heat conduction device. The compact type small modular Stirling cycle reactor demonstration and verification device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low price, wide demonstration and verification working condition range, high control speed, wide control power range, wide temperature range and excellent heat conduction performance, and fills the blank in the demonstration and verification aspect of Stirling cycle reactor systems in China.

Description

Stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experimental apparatus
Technical Field
The invention relates to a Stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experimental device, which mainly relates to the technical fields of heat transfer science, hydromechanics, nuclear physics, engineering thermodynamics and the like.
Background
At present, all industrial strong countries in the world are tightening the development of power systems of small special nuclear reactors, wherein satellites using isotope power sources are successfully transmitted in the United states and Russia. The Kilopower power supply of the heat pipe space reactor based on the Stirling cycle is provided in 2015 in the United states, the related design is simple, the equipment performance is excellent, and the Kilopower power supply has subversive significance on the design of a special reactor type. However, relevant work in China is started later, and most of the work at present focuses on the conceptual design and numerical calculation of a spatial nuclear reactor power supply system in universities and scientific research institutes, or on independent research of some parts, such as the research of a Lanzhou spatial technology physics research institute on a spatial Stirling engine and the conceptual design of a heat pipe spatial reactor in the northwest nuclear technology research institute. The construction of a reactor requires first establishing a prototype stack, especially a stack type applied to a special scene (such as space or deep sea), and establishing a ground prototype stack to verify the design. At present, relevant reports of ground prototype piles do not appear in China, and the blank of the demonstration and verification field can influence the research and development progress of future special piles in China to a certain extent. The Stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experimental device provided by the invention can simulate the reactor working conditions under different working conditions (such as start-up, shutdown and stable working) through the adjustment of device parameters so as to verify the feasibility of related concept design and provide an experimental basis for establishing a ground prototype reactor.
Disclosure of Invention
The compact type small modular Stirling cycle reactor demonstration and verification device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low price, wide demonstration and verification working condition range, high control speed, wide control power range, wide temperature range and excellent heat conduction performance, and fills the blank in the demonstration and verification aspect of Stirling cycle reactor systems in China.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the Stirling engine comprises a bracket, a heating device, a heat conducting device and a Stirling engine, wherein the bracket is built through an aluminum profile, and the heating device is divided into a control device and an invasive heater; the heat conducting device comprises a columnar container, a heat conducting medium, temperature measuring equipment, a sleeve and a heat insulating layer. The support limits and supports the rest part of the device through contact, the invasive heater is welded on the flange, the left end face of the columnar container is open and is connected with the invasive heater through a bolt, the right end face of the columnar container is closed, a hole is drilled in the center of the columnar container and is welded with the sleeve, and the heating end of the Stirling engine is completely embedded into the sleeve to realize heat transfer with the heat conduction device.
Preferably, the sleeve is cylindrical, one end face of the sleeve is closed and is in contact with the heat-conducting medium, and the other end of the sleeve is opened so as to be convenient for the heating end of the Stirling engine to enter.
Preferably, the cylindrical containers are respectively drilled on the upper and lower sides, and the externally threaded platforms are welded.
Preferably, the threaded platform outside the side surface of the cylindrical container is a feed inlet and is close to the left end surface of the cylindrical container. The outer thread platform on the lower side surface of the cylindrical container is a discharge hole and is close to the right end surface of the cylindrical container.
Preferably, the heat-conducting medium is a lead-bismuth alloy or a sodium-potassium alloy or a lead metal or a molten salt, enters the columnar container through the feeding hole, and leaves the columnar container through the discharging hole.
Optionally, the left end face of the columnar container is raised by a cushion block, so that the heat-conducting medium is completely discharged from the discharge port.
Optionally, the invasive heater is connected to the control device, and the control device indirectly adjusts the temperature of the device by adjusting the power parameter of the invasive heater, so as to achieve power output within a response time (100ms) and achieve adjustment of the overall temperature distribution inside the heat conduction device within 5 min. By adjusting the power parameters through the control device, the invention can simulate the working conditions of the reactor under different working conditions (such as reactor starting, reactor shutdown, stable operation and the like), and the power range covers 0-200% of the full power and covers all the operating power ranges of the reactor.
Preferably, the heat insulation layer is made of ceramic fiber materials (the conductivity coefficient is about 0.1W/(mk)), and the heat insulation layer completely covers the side face and the right side face of the columnar container except the sleeve.
Alternatively, the heat conducting medium may be a heat pipe, and is fixed in the cylindrical container by combining with a spacer grid, and is in heat transfer with the sleeve.
Preferably, the sleeve can be a common sleeve, a heat-conducting silica gel is filled in a connecting gap between the sleeve and the heating end of the Stirling engine, and a special casting sleeve can be used for enhancing heat transfer.
When the device is used for demonstration and verification, firstly, preset heating parameters are input through the control device, the heat-conducting medium in the container transmits the energy generated by the invasive heater to the heating end of the Stirling engine, and finally, the whole device reaches a preset working state to finish the demonstration and verification.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can realize the power regulation of the heating device within the response time (within 100ms) by regulating the heat source parameters, and realize the regulation of the whole temperature distribution within 5min, thereby simulating the working conditions of the reactor under 15 different working conditions (start/stop, power step rise, power slow rise, power step fall, power slow fall, large break accident, small break accident, coolant loss accident, stable work and the like), and the power range covers 0-200% of the full power. The demonstration verification of different reactor core temperatures and different working conditions of the reactor is realized (wherein the break accident can be simulated by adjusting the opening of the discharge hole).
2. According to the invention, the heating device, the heat conducting device, the Stirling engine and the bracket are widely connected through bolts, and the heat conducting device and the Stirling engine are connected through sleeves, so that the instrument has relatively great flexibility on the basis of meeting the requirements of instrument sealing, heat transfer and mechanical properties, and the demonstration and verification of conceptual designs of different geometric shapes and arrangement modes can be realized. Meanwhile, the control device and the Stirling engine are contained or fixedly connected with the columnar container, so that the whole structure is simple, the design is compact, and the miniaturization and modularization of equipment are facilitated. The method can be conveniently expanded according to special needs, such as demonstration verification of higher power by adopting a plurality of module arrangements or simulation of the operating characteristics of a plurality of reactor systems in parallel connection.
3. According to the invention, the lead-bismuth alloy is mainly used as a heat-conducting medium by combining with practical experimental experience, so that the heat power dissipation of the heating device is reduced. Meanwhile, due to the excellent heat-conducting property of the liquid metal, the over-high temperature of partial areas caused by the accumulation of energy in the heat-conducting medium can be effectively avoided, so that the demonstration and verification (100-1000 ℃) of the reactor system in a wider temperature range can be carried out; the temperature of a Stirling cycle heat source can be effectively increased, and the thermodynamic cycle efficiency is improved; the heat can be quickly conducted in the heat-conducting medium, and the response speed of the demonstration device is improved (not more than 5 min).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heating device and a heat conducting device according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the overall connection of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the temperature profile at the axis of the cylindrical vessel during steady state operation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention includes a heating device 1, a heat conducting device 2, a stirling engine 3, and a bracket 4. The heating device comprises a 1-1 invasive heater, a 1-2 control system, a 1-3 conducting wire, a 1-4 outer flange and a flange 2-1 which is connected with the heat conducting device 2 through a 1-5 gasket and a 1-6 bolt. The cylindrical container 2-2 is welded with the flange 2-1, the outer side of the cylindrical container is covered with a ceramic fiber heat insulation layer 2-3, the upper side of the cylindrical container is provided with a hole, an external thread platform feeding hole 2-4 is welded, and the lower side of the cylindrical container is provided with a hole, and an external thread platform discharging hole 2-5 is welded. The right end face of the columnar container 2-2 is closed and is provided with a hole in the center, the sleeve 2-6 is inserted into the cavity by a certain depth through the hole and is welded on the right end face, and the heat-conducting medium 2-7 is contained in the cavity. The spherical valves 2-8 and 2-9 are respectively connected with the external thread feed inlets 2-4 and the external thread discharge outlets 2-5, and when a heat-conducting medium (such as fused salt) needing air isolation heating or a heat-conducting medium (such as heat-conducting oil) needing pressure relief is adopted, the spherical valves 2-8 can be replaced by one-way valves or pressure relief valves.
As shown in FIG. 2, the Stirling engine 3 is divided into a Stirling engine heating end 3-1 and a remaining portion 3-2, and the heating end 3-1 is inserted into the sleeve 2-6 and the gap is filled with heat conductive silica gel 3-3. The support 4 is divided into a left support 4-2, a right support 4-4 and a beam 4-3. The cushion block 4-1 is connected to the cross beam 4-3 through a bolt, the left end of the heat conduction device 2 is lifted, the heat conduction medium 2-7 is conveniently discharged from the discharge port 2-5, the working condition of the coolant loss accident is simulated, the heat conduction medium is completely discharged after the experiment is finished, and the chemical corrosion of the device is reduced. The rest of the stirling engine 3-2 is fixed to a platform 4-5 by contact restraint, which is bolted to the right bracket 4-4 and supported by ribs 4-6. In addition, the output end of the Stirling generator is connected with a power measuring device, and thermocouples, which are not shown, are arranged around the sleeves 2-6.
When the device is used for demonstration and verification, the power parameters of the invasive heater 1-1 are set through the control device 1-2, power output is completed within 100ms, after the device is heated for a period of time (the temperature of the heater is not more than 20s and is higher than the melting point of a heat-conducting medium), the heat-conducting medium 2-7 is added from the feed port 2-5 (if a heat pipe or the heat-conducting medium can be stored in the cylindrical container 2-2 for a long time (such as heat-conducting oil), an experiment can be directly started), after the heat pipe or the heat-conducting medium is filled, the spherical valve 2-8 can be closed (determined visually), and data recording is started (the temperature field distribution in the cylindrical container 2-2 reaches a stable state within about 5min under the geometric parameters of an existing experiment table through simulation calculation).
The heat-conducting medium 2-7 (lead bismuth alloy in the present case) is added after the intrusive heater (1-1) is preheated for 30s, at this time, the temperature of the heater exceeds the melting point of the medium, and the melted heat-conducting medium flows to the right side of the cylindrical container 2-2 due to the lower viscosity of the medium. Due to the excellent heat-conducting property of the heat-conducting medium, a large amount of heating power can be conducted to the stirling engine 3. After the heating end 3-1 of the Stirling engine is heated, gas in the engine is heated and expanded, and heat energy is converted into electric energy through a thermodynamic cycle (Stirling cycle) and a generator. In the conversion process, the thermocouple measures the temperature of the inner wall of the sleeve in real time, the universal meter measures the power generation parameters in real time, and demonstration verification of different working conditions is realized by combining the setting parameters of the control system.
In particular, a stirling cycle reactor demonstration and verification device made in accordance with the present invention is disclosed. The device adopts a heating device 1 with the power range of 1-8kW, the size of a heating rod of an invasive heater 1-1 is phi 10x250mm, and 4 heating rods are uniformly distributed on the circumference of phi 40. The cylindrical container 2-2 is made of a 304 stainless steel pipe 300mm long DN80, the ceramic fiber heat-insulating layer 2-3 is 20mm thick, the external thread platform 2-4 and 2-5 inches in caliber are matched with DN40 high-temperature ball valves 2-8 and 2-9. 2-6 of the sleeve is 19mm long and 2mm thick, 3-1 of the heating end of the Stirling engine is 39mm long, and 3-3 of the heat-conducting silica gel has the heat conductivity of 2W/(mK). The size of the bracket is not directly related to the demonstration verification target of the system core, and the detailed description is omitted here.
With reference to fig. 3 (cylindrical vessel 2-2 axis temperature profile), when the heater rod temperature reached 873K, the sleeve steady state temperature reached 790K (about 520 c), thereby proving the rationality and advancement of the present invention by numerical calculations.
It should be understood that the heat transfer medium 2-7, the power parameters of the invasive heater 1-1, the geometric dimensions of the cylindrical container 2-2, the heat transfer medium 2-7, etc. are not limited to those listed in the above examples, and can be adjusted according to the verification accuracy and the conceptual design.
For example, some conceptual designs optionally include a coolant circulation loop, and when such conceptual designs are demonstrated, mating external threaded pipes and circulation pumps may be connected to the other side of the globe valves 2-8 and 2-9.
For example, the present invention alternatively employs a mass-produced stirling engine as the modular component 3, based on the initial design of low cost and the current state of research of the stirling engine in domestic space. If special requirements are required for demonstration and verification precision, a Stirling engine prototype selected by concept design can be selected for demonstration and verification.
For example, alternatively, fig. 3 shows only the temperature distribution at the axis of the cylindrical vessel 2-2 in steady state operation under the set parameters, and the temperature distribution in the remaining operating states (such as transient temperature distribution at start/stop and gradual absence of coolant) may be set to the corresponding initial conditions for numerical calculation.
For example, the present invention may also optionally employ a heat conductive oil, a molten salt, a heat pipe, or the like having a heat conductive capability as a heat conductive medium. According to the existing experimental data, the maximum heating temperature when using heat conduction oil should not exceed 220 ℃, forced convection equipment (such as a stirrer) or a flow loop needs to be arranged in the columnar container 2-2 when using molten salt as a heat conduction medium, and a positioning grid needs to be arranged in the columnar container 2-2 when using a heat pipe, so that the structural stability is improved.
In conclusion, the invention provides a demonstration and verification device for a Stirling cycle reactor, which comprises a support, a heating device, a heat conduction device and a Stirling engine. The heating device and the heat conducting device are connected through a welding flange and a bolt, the intrusive heater and the heat conducting medium are contained in a cavity of the heat conducting device, the upper side surface and the lower side surface of the heat conducting device are respectively provided with a hole and welded with a threaded platform, and the spherical valve is installed. The heating end of the Stirling engine realizes heat conduction through the sleeve, and heat conduction silica gel is filled at the contact part of the Stirling engine and the sleeve to reduce thermal resistance. The heating device, the heat conducting device and the Stirling engine are all placed on the support, and the left end face of the heat conducting device is lifted through the cushion block, so that the heat conducting medium can flow and be discharged conveniently.
The invention regulates and controls the power parameter of the invasive heater through the control system, finishes the power regulation and output within 100ms, and realizes the redistribution of the internal temperature field (using the lead-bismuth alloy) within several minutes, thereby simulating different reactor core temperatures and realizing the demonstration and verification of the working conditions of the reactor under the working conditions of starting, stable operation, shutdown and partial accidents.
For the Stirling engine, the Stirling engine model is produced in batch based on the principle of low price, and the production and assembly of the experimental device are facilitated. For the high-precision verification requirement, partial modules (such as a Stirling engine, a sleeve and the like) can be replaced by special original parts, on one hand, the reasonability of the whole design of the reactor can be verified, and on the other hand, the reasonability of the special Stirling engine can also be verified.
In the design of the invention, a large number of detachable bolt connection and modularized designs are used, so that the invention has great flexibility and can realize demonstration and verification of different concept designs.
For the heat conducting portion, it is preferable to use a lead bismuth alloy as the heat conducting medium based on the experimental and simulation findings performed so far. For part of special designs, the heat-conducting medium can be flexibly replaced by corresponding substances, or the feed inlet and the discharge outlet are connected with a pipeline to manufacture a gaseous/liquid working medium circulation loop, so that the application range of the invention is expanded.
Through numerical calculation, the heat transfer efficiency of the invention is proved to be higher, and the reasonability and the advancement of the design are verified. The invention can be used as a reactor type demonstration and verification device based on Stirling cycle, and has the advantages of simple body design, low price, accurate and convenient data acquisition and wide research range.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper side surface", "lower side surface", "left end surface", "right end surface", "left side", "right side", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or relative positional relationships between the two, and are only used for simplifying the description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a stirling cycle reactor system demonstrates experimental apparatus which characterized in that: the Stirling engine comprises a bracket, a heating device, a heat conducting device and a Stirling engine, wherein the bracket is built through an aluminum profile, and the heating device is divided into a control device and an invasive heater; the heat conduction device comprises a columnar container, a heat conduction medium, temperature measurement equipment, a sleeve and a heat insulation layer, the support is limited by contact with the rest of the support device, the intrusive heater is welded on the flange, the left end face of the columnar container is open and connected with the intrusive heater through a bolt, the right end face of the columnar container is closed, a hole is drilled in the center of the columnar container and welded with the sleeve, and the heating end of the Stirling engine is completely embedded into the sleeve to realize heat transfer with the heat conduction device.
2. A stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experiment apparatus according to claim 1 wherein: the sleeve is cylindrical, one end face of the sleeve is closed and is in contact with the heat-conducting medium, and the other end of the sleeve is opened so that the heating end of the Stirling engine can enter the sleeve conveniently.
3. A stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experiment apparatus according to claim 1 wherein: the cylindrical container is drilled on the upper side surface and the lower side surface respectively, and the external thread platform is welded.
4. A stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experiment apparatus according to claim 1 wherein: the side external screw thread platform is the feed inlet on the column container, is close to column container left end face, column container downside external screw thread platform is the discharge gate, is close to column container right-hand member face.
5. A stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experiment apparatus according to claim 1 wherein: the heat conducting medium is lead bismuth alloy or sodium potassium alloy or lead metal or molten salt, enters the columnar container through the feeding hole, and leaves the columnar container through the discharging hole.
6. A stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experiment apparatus according to claim 1 wherein: the left end face of the columnar container is lifted through the cushion block, so that the heat-conducting medium is completely discharged through the discharge hole.
7. A stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experiment apparatus according to claim 1 wherein: the control device adjusts the temperature of the device indirectly by adjusting the power parameter of the invasive heater, realizes power output in response time, adjusts the whole temperature distribution in the heat conduction device within 5min, and adjusts the power parameter by the control device.
8. A stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experiment apparatus according to claim 1 wherein: the heat insulation layer is made of ceramic fiber materials and completely covers the side face and the right side face of the columnar container except the sleeve.
9. A stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experiment apparatus according to claim 1 wherein: the heat conducting medium can also adopt a heat pipe, is fixed in the columnar container by combining with a positioning grid and transfers heat with the sleeve.
CN202111504697.2A 2021-12-10 2021-12-10 Stirling cycle reactor system demonstration experimental apparatus Pending CN114203006A (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103050159A (en) * 2012-12-18 2013-04-17 成都宇能通能源开发有限公司 Emergent cooling system of nuclear power station based on heat accumulating type Stirling engine
CN105131985A (en) * 2015-07-22 2015-12-09 北京矿冶研究总院 Microwave-assisted vacuum horizontal biochar carbonization equipment
CN105424740A (en) * 2015-12-10 2016-03-23 西安交通大学 Device for performance testing of molten salt heat exchange/accumulation equipment
CN206858488U (en) * 2017-06-27 2018-01-09 于三刚 A kind of biomass continuous high-temperature carbonization device
CN109841290A (en) * 2019-03-11 2019-06-04 中国核动力研究设计院 A kind of device and method suitable for the research of nuclear reactor natural circulation characteristic
CN111968765A (en) * 2020-08-22 2020-11-20 西安交通大学 Liquid nuclear fuel heat pipe reactor power supply system and method adopting Stirling cycle
CN112086211A (en) * 2020-09-15 2020-12-15 华北电力大学 Experimental device and experimental method for simulating secondary hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon of zirconium alloy cladding

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103050159A (en) * 2012-12-18 2013-04-17 成都宇能通能源开发有限公司 Emergent cooling system of nuclear power station based on heat accumulating type Stirling engine
CN105131985A (en) * 2015-07-22 2015-12-09 北京矿冶研究总院 Microwave-assisted vacuum horizontal biochar carbonization equipment
CN105424740A (en) * 2015-12-10 2016-03-23 西安交通大学 Device for performance testing of molten salt heat exchange/accumulation equipment
CN206858488U (en) * 2017-06-27 2018-01-09 于三刚 A kind of biomass continuous high-temperature carbonization device
CN109841290A (en) * 2019-03-11 2019-06-04 中国核动力研究设计院 A kind of device and method suitable for the research of nuclear reactor natural circulation characteristic
CN111968765A (en) * 2020-08-22 2020-11-20 西安交通大学 Liquid nuclear fuel heat pipe reactor power supply system and method adopting Stirling cycle
CN112086211A (en) * 2020-09-15 2020-12-15 华北电力大学 Experimental device and experimental method for simulating secondary hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon of zirconium alloy cladding

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