CN114200408A - Meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar transmitting-receiving front end - Google Patents
Meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar transmitting-receiving front end Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/282—Transmitters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/024—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using polarisation effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/2813—Means providing a modification of the radiation pattern for cancelling noise, clutter or interfering signals, e.g. side lobe suppression, side lobe blanking, null-steering arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/285—Receivers
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Abstract
A transmit-receive front end of a meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar comprises a filter coupling network, a duplex isolating switch matrix component, a first amplitude limiting filter low-noise amplifier, a broadband power amplifier module and a second amplitude limiting filter low-noise amplifier; the filtering coupling network integrates and designs the pre-selection filtering and correction coupling network, one end of the filtering coupling network is interconnected with the dual-polarized antenna, and the other end of the filtering coupling network is interconnected with the duplex isolating switch matrix component; the duplex isolating switch matrix component realizes the switching of transmitting and receiving signals, the switching of horizontal and vertical polarization and the switching of high and low frequencies; the output end of the duplex isolating switch matrix component respectively outputs horizontal and vertical polarization signals to the first amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier and the second amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier, and the output end of the broadband power amplification module is connected with the duplex isolating switch matrix component. The invention adopts duplex isolation to eliminate the influence of load traction on the power amplifier under the condition of antenna scanning, and improves the amplitude-phase stability and reliability of a transmitting link; broadband emission can reduce cost, and the integrated design reduces weight.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a new generation meter wave digital array radar, in particular to a meter wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar transmitting and receiving front end.
Background
In recent years, along with the development of digital array technology, multifunctional and multitask phased array radars become research hotspots, and are mainly characterized in that one digital array radar realizes the functions of the former two or more phased array radars, has random waveform generation capacity in emission, and supports the generation of complex waveforms and MIMO waveforms; the receiving adopts a digital technology, the support bandwidth, the time delay, the filtering and the like can be defined by software, and the system has the functions of bistatic detection, passive detection, cooperative detection and the like.
At present, various stealth aircrafts are limited by the aerodynamic force and the frequency response of wave-absorbing materials, the stealth frequency range is limited to 1-20 GHz, and if the radar working frequency exceeds the range, the stealth effect is greatly reduced, namely the purpose of anti-stealth can be achieved. The modern meter-wave radar works in a Very High Frequency (VHF) frequency band of 30-300 MHz and has a remarkable anti-stealth advantage of the frequency band. However, considering that the external electromagnetic environment of the meter-wave frequency band radar is complex, and a large number of broadcasting, television and communication users exist, the new-generation meter-wave digital array radar needs to improve the anti-interference capability, provide a larger dynamic range, retain small target information under a strong clutter background, and provide conditions for improving the capability of detecting small targets, particularly stealth targets.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar transmitting-receiving front end, which improves the anti-interference capability of a new-generation meter-wave digital array radar, the capability of detecting small targets and shadow targets, improves the amplitude-phase stability and reliability of a transmitting link, and reduces the cost and the weight.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a transmit-receive front end of a meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar comprises a filter coupling network (1), a duplex isolation switch matrix component (2), a first amplitude limiting filter low-noise amplifier (3), a broadband power amplifier module (4) and a second amplitude limiting filter low-noise amplifier (5); the filtering coupling network (1) integrates and designs a preselected filtering and correcting coupling network, one end of the preselected filtering and correcting coupling network is interconnected with the dual-polarized antenna, and the other end of the preselected filtering and correcting coupling network is interconnected with the duplex isolating switch matrix component (2); the duplex isolating switch matrix component (2) realizes the switching of transmitting and receiving signals, the switching of horizontal and vertical polarization and the switching of high and low frequencies; the duplex isolating switch matrix assembly (2) outputs horizontal polarization signals and vertical polarization signals to the first amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier (3) and the second amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier (5) respectively, and the output end of the broadband power amplifier module (4) is connected with the duplex isolating switch matrix assembly (2).
As a further optimized technical scheme, the transmitting and receiving front end of the meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar is interconnected with the integrated digital transmitting and receiving module through a switch filter amplifier, the output end of a first amplitude limiting filter low-noise amplifier (3) is connected with the integrated digital transmitting and receiving module through the first switch filter amplifier, the output end of a second amplitude limiting filter low-noise amplifier (5) is connected with the integrated digital transmitting and receiving module through the second switch filter amplifier, and the input end of a broadband power amplification module (4) is connected with the integrated digital transmitting and receiving module through the third switch filter amplifier.
As a further optimized technical scheme, cavities are milled on the front and back surfaces of a shell of the filter coupling network (1) in a machining mode, each cavity is integrated with 8 high-power preselection LC filters and 8 correction coupling networks, 8 channels are respectively arranged in the upper cavity and the lower cavity, and 16 correction coupling networks are connected end to form a series feedback mode.
As a further optimized technical scheme, a shell of the filter coupling network (1) is made of an aluminum plate, a heat dissipation water channel is arranged in the middle, one end of the filter coupling network is connected with the dual-polarized antenna through a TNC-K type connector, and the other end of the filter coupling network is connected with the duplex isolating switch matrix assembly (2) through a floating blind mating connector.
As a further optimized technical scheme, the duplex isolation switch matrix assembly (2) comprises a duplexer (21), a low-frequency isolator (22), a high-frequency isolator (23), a frequency switch (24), a polarization switch (25), a first transceiving switch (26) and a second transceiving switch (27), wherein an input end of the duplexer (21) is connected with an output end of the broadband power amplifier module (4), an output end of the duplexer (21) is connected to the frequency switch (24) through the low-frequency isolator (22) and the high-frequency isolator (23) respectively, an output end of the frequency switch (24) is connected to the polarization switch (25), an output end of the polarization switch (25) is connected to receiving ends of the first transceiving switch (26) and the second transceiving switch (27) respectively, a horizontal polarization signal and a vertical polarization signal sent by the filter coupling network (1) are also connected to the first transceiving switch (26) and the second transceiving switch (27) respectively, the transmitting terminals of the first transceiving switch (26) and the second transceiving switch (27) are connected to the first amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier (3) and the second amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier (5), and the duplexer (21) adopts a passive duplexer.
As a further optimized technical scheme, the duplexer (21) is realized by adopting a high-power LC mode, and the dielectric plate is RO4350B, the single-layer thickness is 1.27mm, and the dielectric constant is 2.94; the low-frequency isolator (22) and the high-frequency isolator (23) are placed in the middle of the duplex isolating switch matrix assembly (2), loads of the low-frequency isolator (22) and the high-frequency isolator (23) are placed in a centralized mode during design, and the loads of the low-frequency isolator (22) and the high-frequency isolator (23) are connected with a circulator through transmission lines; the switch matrix of the integrated frequency change-over switch (24), the polarization switch (25), the first transceiving switch (26) and the second transceiving switch (27) adopts a mode of radio frequency and power supply and control cavity design, a radio frequency circuit is arranged on the front side, a power supply control circuit is arranged on the back side, the radio frequency circuit is processed by adopting a microwave circuit board process, and the dielectric type is RF-60TC, the single-layer thickness is 1.27mm, and the dielectric constant is 2.94; the power supply and control circuit is realized by an FR4 printed circuit board circuit, the input voltage is +28V, and the input voltage is converted into +5V and-250V by an internal DC/DC power supply to supply power to the switching tube.
As a further optimized technical solution, the first clipping filtering low noise amplifier (3) and the second clipping filtering low noise amplifier (5) have the same structure, and both include: the low noise amplifier comprises a first 3dB bridge, two limiters, two first-stage low noise amplifiers LNA1, a second 3dB bridge, a first filter, an adjustable attenuator, a second-stage low noise amplifier LNA2 and a second filter. The input end of the first 3dB bridge is connected with the output end of the duplex isolation switch matrix component (2) to receive polarized signals, one port of the first 3dB bridge is connected with a load, 2 output ends of the first 3dB bridge are divided into two paths and are respectively connected with two input ends of the second 3dB bridge after passing through a limiter and a first-stage low noise amplifier LNA1, one port of the second 3dB bridge is connected with the load, and the output end of the second 3dB bridge is connected with a switch filter amplifier through a first filter, an adjustable attenuator, a second-stage low noise amplifier LNA2 and a second filter.
As a further optimized technical scheme, the connection relationship of each part of the broadband power amplifier module (4) is as follows: the radio frequency input insulator (41) is placed at one side end part of the red copper substrate (55), the fixed attenuator (42) is placed on the back surface of the red copper substrate (55) and is connected with the bottom end of the radio frequency input insulator (41), the driving stage amplifier (43) adopts a linear amplification mode and is placed on the back surface of the red copper substrate (55), the low-frequency insulator (50) supplies power to the front stage power amplifier (45) through the driving stage, and the front stage power amplifier (45) and the final stage power amplifier (47) are both placed on the front surface of the red copper substrate (55); the power supply modulation circuit (49) is arranged at the lower position of a final power tube output matching circuit (48) on the back surface of a red copper substrate (55), and outputs power to each stage of amplifier through a-5V power supply insulator (51), +5V power supply insulator (52) and a +48V power supply insulator (53), a microstrip plate (54) is arranged between the upper end of the red copper substrate (55) and a driving stage output radio frequency insulator (44), a preceding stage power amplifier (45), a final power tube input matching circuit (46), a final power amplifier (47) and a final power tube output matching circuit (48), and each insulator is connected to the microstrip plate (54).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the transmitting link of the invention adopts a duplex isolating switch matrix component to eliminate the influence of load traction on a broadband power amplifier module under the condition of antenna scanning, thereby improving the amplitude-phase stability and reliability of the transmitting link; compared with a switch, the duplexer can avoid the damage of the power amplification module due to over reflection caused by the error of the switch time sequence, thereby further improving the reliability of the transmitting link.
2. By adopting a large dynamic radio frequency link design, the input saturation level of the first-stage low-noise amplifier is +5dBm, and a preselection filter + LNA1+ filter + adjustable attenuator + LNA2 architecture is adopted, so that the noise coefficient of a receiving channel can be minimized while enough out-of-band rejection is obtained, and the maximum input P of a front-end link is received-1dBIs +2dBm, output P-1dBAt +22dBm, the two-tone spurious-free dynamic range is better than 70 db.
3. The meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar transmitting-receiving front end filter coupling network, the duplex isolating switch matrix assembly, the first amplitude limiting filter low-noise amplifier, the broadband power amplifier module and the second amplitude limiting filter low-noise amplifier are integrally designed, and the meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar transmitting-receiving front end filter coupling network has the advantages of high performance, high reliability, low cost, light weight and the like;
4. the dual-polarization receiving can improve the system performance and is beneficial to the multi-function upgrade of the system;
5. according to the embodiment of the invention, three-level filtering (preselection filtering of the filtering coupling network, a first filter and a second filter) is added with filtering of a switch filter amplifier connected with an integrated digital transceiver module and multi-rate signal processing digital filtering based on FPGA, and the out-of-band rejection of a receiving band after frequency domain five-level filtering is better than 130dB, so that the anti-interference capability of a system is improved;
6. and a large dynamic design is received, and a guarantee is provided for improving the capability of detecting small targets, particularly stealth targets.
Drawings
In order to illustrate the embodiments of the invention more clearly, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be derived from these drawings by those skilled in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a transmitting and receiving front end of a meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filter coupling network of the present invention, wherein fig. 2(a) is a bottom view showing only the lower interface, fig. 2(b) is a top view showing only the upper interface, and fig. 2(c) is a side view showing only one side of the structure;
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a duplex isolator matrix assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of the switching limiting filter low noise amplifier of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional layered view of a broadband power amplifier module according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of peak power of the transmitted output pulse over the full temperature range;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the received noise coefficient over the full temperature range (horizontal polarization);
fig. 8 is a graph of the received noise coefficient over the full temperature range (vertical polarization).
In fig. 4: the power supply circuit comprises a radio frequency input insulator 1, a fixed attenuator 2, a drive stage 3, a drive stage 4 output radio frequency insulator, a preceding stage power amplifier 5, a final stage power tube input matching circuit 6, a final stage power tube 7, a final stage power tube output matching circuit 8, a power supply modulation circuit 9, a drive stage 10 power supply low frequency insulator, a power supply insulator of 11-5V, a power supply insulator of 12+5V, a power supply insulator of 13+48V, a microstrip board 14 and a red copper substrate 15.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the transmit-receive front end of a meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar of this embodiment includes a filtering coupling network 1, a duplex isolator matrix component 2, a first amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier 3, a broadband power amplifier module 4, and a second amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier 5.
The filtering coupling network 1 integrates and designs a preselected filtering and correcting coupling network, one end of the preselected filtering and correcting coupling network is interconnected with the dual-polarized antenna, and the other end of the preselected filtering and correcting coupling network is interconnected with the duplex isolating switch matrix component 2; the duplex isolating switch matrix component 2 realizes the functions of signal receiving and transmitting switching, horizontal and vertical polarization switching, high and low frequency switching and the like; the duplex isolator matrix assembly 2 outputs a horizontal polarization signal to the first amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier 3 and outputs a vertical polarization signal to the second amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier 5, the first amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier 3 and the second amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier 5 have the same structure, and an amplitude limiter, a filter, an adjustable attenuator and a low-noise amplifier are integrated to realize a dual-polarization broadband receiving function; the broadband power amplifier module 5 integrates a driving stage, a front stage, a final stage power amplifier and a power supply modulation circuit to realize the broadband high-power transmitting function, and the output end of the broadband power amplifier module 4 is connected with the duplex isolating switch matrix component 2. The meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar transmitting and receiving front end is connected with the integrated digital transmitting and receiving module through the switch filter amplifier, specifically, the output end of the first amplitude limiting filter low-noise amplifier 3 is connected with the integrated digital transmitting and receiving module through the first switch filter amplifier, the output end of the second amplitude limiting filter low-noise amplifier 5 is connected with the integrated digital transmitting and receiving module through the second switch filter amplifier, and the input end of the broadband power amplifier module 4 is connected with the integrated digital transmitting and receiving module through the third switch filter amplifier.
As shown in fig. 2(a) and (b), the housing material of the filter coupling network 1 is an aluminum plate, the thickness is 61mm, cavities with the depth of 26mm are milled on the front and back sides of the housing respectively by a machining method, each cavity integrates 8 calibration coupling networks 12 and 8 high-power preselection LC filters 14, and 16 calibration coupling networks 12 on the front and back sides are connected end to form a series feed manner, each of the 16 calibration coupling networks 12 has a connector XP01 to XP16, and is located on one side of the filter coupling network 1, each of the 16 high-power preselection LC filters 14 has a connector XS01 to XS16, and is located on the other side of the filter coupling network 1, as shown in fig. 2(c), the substrate of the filter coupling network 1 is processed based on a microwave circuit board process, and has a dielectric model number of RO4350B, a single-layer thickness of 1.27mm, and a dielectric constant of 2.94. The filtering coupling network 1 integrates 16 high-power preselection LC filters 14 and 16 correction coupling networks 12, 8 channels are respectively arranged in the upper cavity and the lower cavity, a heat dissipation water channel is arranged in the middle, one end of the filtering coupling network is connected with a dual-polarized antenna by adopting a TNC-K type connector, and the other end of the filtering coupling network is connected with the duplex isolating switch matrix component 2 by adopting a floating blind mating connector, so that the functions of signal filtering and channel amplitude-phase correction are realized. The corrective coupling network 12 and the 8 high power preselection LC filters 14 use existing technology.
As shown in fig. 3, the duplex isolation switch matrix assembly 2 includes a duplexer 21, a low frequency isolator 22, a high frequency isolator 23, a frequency switch 24, a polarization switch 25, a first transceiving switch 26, and a second transceiving switch 27. The output of broadband power amplifier module 4 is connected to duplexer 21's input, and duplexer 21's output is connected to frequency switch 24 through low frequency isolator 22 and high frequency isolator 23 respectively, and frequency switch 24 output connection is to polarization switch 25, and polarization switch 25's output is connected to first receiving and dispatching switch 26 and second receiving and dispatching switch 27's receiving terminal respectively, the horizontal polarization signal that filtering coupling network 1 sent and vertical polarization signal also are connected to first receiving and dispatching switch 26 and second receiving and dispatching switch 27 respectively, and first receiving and dispatching switch 26 and second receiving and dispatching switch 27's transmitting terminal is connected to first amplitude limiting filtering low noise amplifier 3 and second amplitude limiting filtering low noise amplifier 5. The duplexer 21 adopts a passive duplexer.
The duplex isolating switch matrix component 2 adopts an integrated design to integrate the duplexer 21, the low-frequency isolator 22, the high-frequency isolator 23, the frequency change-over switch 24, the polarization switch 25, the first transceiving switch 26 and the second transceiving switch 27, the duplexer 21 is realized in a high-power LC mode, and the dielectric plate is RO4350B, the single-layer thickness is 1.27mm, and the dielectric constant is 2.94; the low-frequency isolator 22 and the high-frequency isolator 23 are arranged in the middle of the duplex isolating switch matrix component 2, the loads of the low-frequency isolator 22 and the high-frequency isolator 23 are arranged in a concentrated mode during design, heat dissipation design is facilitated, and the loads of the low-frequency isolator 22 and the high-frequency isolator 23 are connected with a circulator through transmission lines; the switch matrix of the integrated frequency change-over switch 24, the polarization switch 25, the first transceiving switch 26 and the second transceiving switch 27 adopts a mode of radio frequency and power supply and control cavity division design, a radio frequency circuit is arranged on the front side, a power supply control circuit is arranged on the back side, the radio frequency circuit is processed by adopting a microwave circuit board process, the type of a medium is RF-60TC, the thickness of a single layer is 1.27mm, and the dielectric constant is 2.94; the power control circuit is realized by an FR4 printed circuit board circuit, the input voltage is +28V, and the input voltage is converted into +5V and-250V by an internal DC/DC power supply to supply power to the switching tube. The selection control of the duplex isolating switch matrix component 2 adopts four-bit TTL level control to realize 5 states of high-frequency and low-frequency horizontal/vertical polarization emission and dual-polarization simultaneous broadband reception, the size of the duplex isolating switch matrix component 2 is 125mm multiplied by 120mm multiplied by 22mm, and the weight is less than 550 g.
The duplex isolating switch matrix component 2 divides the transmitting signal output by the broadband power amplifier module 4 into a high frequency band and a low frequency band through the duplexer 21, and realizes high-frequency and low-frequency dual-polarization time-sharing transmission through the low-frequency isolator 22, the high-frequency isolator 23, the frequency selector switch 24 and the polarization switch 25. Compared with the realization only by using a switch matrix mode, the method eliminates the influence of load traction on the power amplifier under the condition of broadband antenna scanning, and improves the reliability and amplitude-phase stability of a transmitting link; compared with a switch, the duplexer 21 can avoid the power amplification module from being damaged by over reflection caused by the error of the switch time sequence, thereby further improving the reliability of the transmitting link.
As shown in fig. 4, the first clipping filter low noise amplifier 3 and the second clipping filter low noise amplifier 5 have the same structure, and both include: the low noise amplifier comprises a first 3dB bridge, two limiters, two first-stage low noise amplifiers LNA1, a second 3dB bridge, a first filter, an adjustable attenuator, a second-stage low noise amplifier LNA2 and a second filter. The input end of the first 3dB bridge is connected with the output end of the duplex isolation switch matrix component 2 to receive polarization signals, one port of the first 3dB bridge is connected with a load, 2 output ends of the first 3dB bridge are divided into two paths and are respectively connected with two input ends of a second 3dB bridge after passing through a limiter and a first low noise amplifier LNA1, one port of the second 3dB bridge is connected with the load, and the output end of the second 3dB bridge is connected with a switch filter amplifier through a first filter, an adjustable attenuator, a second low noise amplifier LNA2 and a second filter.
The receiving link is designed by adopting a balanced type amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier, so that the matching between the receiving link and an antenna unit can be well realized, and the standing wave of the balanced type amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier in the near octave working frequency range is less than 1.3; the interstage matching characteristic is improved by adopting a pi-shaped attenuation network between the radio frequency links; the receiving radio frequency link and the ADC interface adopt a broadband transmission line balun to realize impedance conversion from 50 ohms to 100 ohms, amplitude fluctuation is less than 0.15dB, phase unbalance is less than 5 degrees, and standing wave is less than 1.15 degrees.
By adopting a large dynamic radio frequency link design, the input saturation level of a first-stage low noise amplifier LNA1 is +5dBm, and a preselection filter + LNA1+ a first filter + an adjustable attenuator + LNA2+ a second filter architecture are adopted, so that the noise coefficient of a receiving channel can be minimized while enough out-of-band rejection is obtained, and the maximum input P of a front-end link is received-1dBIs +2dBm, output P-1dBAt +22dBm, the two-tone spurious-free dynamic range is better than 70 db.
In the amplitude limiting and filtering low-noise amplifier, a 3dB bridge, a first filter and a second filter are designed by adopting LTCC (Low temperature Co-fired ceramic), and an amplitude limiter, a first-stage low-noise amplifier LNA1 and a second-stage low-noise amplifier LNA2 are designed by adopting an FET (field effect transistor) die, so that the low noise, high reliability, high gain and miniaturization of a receiving link are realized. The following criteria are achieved by the reception:
(a) noise coefficient: less than or equal to 3.0 dB;
(b) linear dynamics: more than or equal to 60dB (5 MHz);
(c) channel gain: 40dB to 55 dB;
(d) A/D bit number: 14 bits.
As shown in fig. 5, the broadband power amplifier module 4 includes a radio frequency input insulator 41, a fixed attenuator 42, a driver stage amplifier 43, a driver stage output radio frequency insulator 44, a pre-stage power amplifier 45, a final stage power tube input matching circuit 46, a final stage power amplifier 47, a final stage power tube output matching circuit 48, a power supply modulation circuit 49, a driver stage power supply low frequency insulator 50, a-5V power supply insulator 51, a +5V power supply insulator 52, a +48V power supply insulator 53, a microstrip board 54, and a red copper substrate 55.
The radio frequency input insulator 41 is placed on one side end portion of the red copper substrate 55, the fixed attenuator 42 is placed on the back surface of the red copper substrate 55, connected to the bottom end of the rf input insulator 41, the driver stage amplifier 43, in linear amplification mode, is placed on the back side of the copper substrate 55, the low frequency insulator 50 is powered by the driving stage to output signals to the front stage power amplifier 45, the front stage power amplifier 45 and the final stage power amplifier 47 are both arranged on the front surface of the red copper substrate 55, through interstage link matching and input/output matching circuit optimization design, a push-pull power tube is adopted by a final power amplifier 47, a radio frequency transmission line balun is adopted by a final power tube input matching circuit 46 and a final power tube output matching circuit 48 to realize broadband impedance conversion, the saturation depth is controlled within 3dB, the output power in a transmitting full-temperature range is larger than 430W, and the amplitude fluctuation is smaller than 2.0 dB; the power supply modulation circuit 49 is arranged at the position below the output matching circuit 48 of the last-stage power tube on the back of the red copper substrate 55, the input power supply is +48V, the modulation power supplies of-5V, +5V and +48V are generated, the modulation power supplies are respectively output to amplifiers of each stage through a-5V power supply insulator 51, +5V power supply insulator 52 and a +48V power supply insulator 53, and a negative pressure protection circuit is integrated. Microstrip plates 54 are arranged between the upper end of the red copper substrate 55 and the driving stage output radio frequency insulator 44, the preceding stage power amplifier 45, the final stage power tube input matching circuit 46, the final stage power amplifier 47 and the final stage power tube output matching circuit 48, and the insulators are connected to the microstrip plates 54.
The broadband power amplifier module 4 adopts a board-level circuit for integrated design, integrates a driving level, a preceding level and a final level three-level amplifying link, integrates circuits such as power supply modulation, filtering and energy storage, further reduces the volume and weight of the module, and improves the integration level of the module. By adopting the measures and considering factors such as passive intermodulation and the like, the emission design is designed according to the principle of preferentially ensuring that the output power reaches the system index and considering the index requirements such as linear phase, stray, harmonic wave, intermodulation and the like. The emission achieved the following criteria:
(a) output peak power: not less than 430W;
(b) maximum duty cycle: less than or equal to 25 percent;
(c) maximum pulse width: less than or equal to 1200 mu s;
(d) stray suppression: less than or equal to-60 dB.
According to the embodiment of the invention, three-level filtering (preselection filtering of the filtering coupling network, a first filter and a second filter) is added with filtering of a switch filter amplifier connected with an integrated digital transceiver module and multi-rate signal processing digital filtering based on FPGA, and the out-of-band rejection of the receiving band after frequency domain five-level filtering is better than 130 dB.
By adopting the 8-channel Digital Array Module (DAM) designed by the embodiment of the invention and measures such as efficient heat dissipation of micro-channels, derating design and the like, the junction temperature of the final-stage GaN power amplifier is less than 120 ℃ in a working temperature range, and the MTBF of the final-stage GaN power amplifier is superior to 10-7The MTBF of DAM is better than 15X 10-6About 66666.7 hours.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a meter ripples dual-frenquency dual polarization radar send-receive front end which characterized in that: the duplex isolation switch array comprises a filtering coupling network (1), a duplex isolation switch matrix component (2), a first amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier (3), a broadband power amplifier module (4) and a second amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier (5); the filtering coupling network (1) integrates and designs a preselected filtering and correcting coupling network, one end of the preselected filtering and correcting coupling network is interconnected with the dual-polarized antenna, and the other end of the preselected filtering and correcting coupling network is interconnected with the duplex isolating switch matrix component (2); the duplex isolating switch matrix component (2) realizes the switching of transmitting and receiving signals, the switching of horizontal and vertical polarization and the switching of high and low frequencies; the duplex isolating switch matrix assembly (2) outputs horizontal signals and vertical polarization signals to the first amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier (3) and the second amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier (5) respectively, and the output end of the broadband power amplifier module (4) is connected with the duplex isolating switch matrix assembly (2).
2. The meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar transceiving front end of claim 1, wherein: the receiving and transmitting front end of the meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar is connected with the integrated digital receiving and transmitting module through a switch filter amplifier, the output end of a first amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier (3) is connected with the integrated digital receiving and transmitting module through the first switch filter amplifier, the output end of a second amplitude limiting filtering low-noise amplifier (5) is connected with the integrated digital receiving and transmitting module through the second switch filter amplifier, and the input end of a broadband power amplifier module (4) is connected with the integrated digital receiving and transmitting module through the third switch filter amplifier.
3. The meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar transceiving front end of claim 1, wherein: the front and back surfaces of a shell of the filter coupling network (1) are respectively milled into a cavity in a machining mode, each cavity is integrated with 8 high-power preselection LC filters and 8 correction coupling networks, 8 channels are respectively arranged in the upper cavity and the lower cavity, and 16 correction coupling networks are connected end to form a series-feed mode.
4. The meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar transceiving front end of claim 1, wherein: the shell of the filter coupling network (1) is made of an aluminum plate, the middle of the filter coupling network is provided with a heat dissipation water channel, one end of the filter coupling network is connected with the dual-polarized antenna through a TNC-K type connector, and the other end of the filter coupling network is connected with the duplex isolating switch matrix assembly (2) through a floating blind mating connector.
5. The meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar transceiving front end of claim 1, wherein: the duplex isolating switch matrix component (2) comprises a duplexer (21), a low-frequency isolator (22), a high-frequency isolator (23), a frequency switch (24), a polarization switch (25), a first transceiving switch (26) and a second transceiving switch (27), wherein the input end of the duplexer (21) is connected with the output end of the broadband power amplifier module (4), the output end of the duplexer (21) is connected to the frequency switch (24) through the low-frequency isolator (22) and the high-frequency isolator (23) respectively, the output end of the frequency switch (24) is connected to the polarization switch (25), the output end of the polarization switch (25) is connected to the receiving ends of the first transceiving switch (26) and the second transceiving switch (27) respectively, and a horizontal polarization signal and a vertical polarization signal sent by the filter coupling network (1) are also connected to the first transceiving switch (26) and the second transceiving switch (27) respectively, the transmitting ends of the first transceiving switch (26) and the second transceiving switch (27) are connected to the first limiting filtering low noise amplifier (3) and the second limiting filtering low noise amplifier (5).
6. The meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar transceiving front end of claim 5, wherein: and the duplexer (21) adopts a passive duplexer.
7. The meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar transceiving front end of claim 5, wherein: the low-frequency isolator (22) and the high-frequency isolator (23) are placed in the middle of the duplex isolator matrix assembly (2), loads of the low-frequency isolator (22) and the high-frequency isolator (23) are placed in a concentrated mode, and the loads of the low-frequency isolator (22) and the high-frequency isolator (23) are connected with the circulator through transmission lines.
8. The meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar transceiving front end of claim 7, wherein: the duplexer (21) is realized by adopting a high-power LC mode, a dielectric plate is RO4350B, the thickness of a single layer is 1.27mm, and the dielectric constant is 2.94, the duplex isolating switch matrix component (2) adopts a mode of radio frequency and power supply and control cavity splitting design, a radio frequency circuit is arranged on the front surface, a power supply control circuit is arranged on the back surface, the radio frequency circuit is processed by adopting a microwave circuit board process, and the type of the medium is RF-60TC, the thickness of the single layer is 1.27mm, and the dielectric constant is 2.94; the power control circuit is realized by an FR4 printed circuit board circuit, the input voltage is +28V, and the input voltage is converted into +5V and-250V by an internal DC/DC power supply to supply power to the switching tube.
9. The meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar transceiving front end of claim 1, wherein: the first limiting filtering low noise amplifier (3) and the second limiting filtering low noise amplifier (5) have the same structure and both comprise: the low noise amplifier comprises a first 3dB bridge, two limiters, two first-stage low noise amplifiers LNA1, a second 3dB bridge, a first filter, an adjustable attenuator, a second-stage low noise amplifier LNA2 and a second filter. The input end of the first 3dB bridge is connected with the output end of the duplex isolation switch matrix component (2) to receive polarized signals, one port of the first 3dB bridge is connected with a load, 2 output ends of the first 3dB bridge are divided into two paths and are respectively connected with two input ends of the second 3dB bridge after passing through a limiter and a first-stage low noise amplifier LNA1, one port of the second 3dB bridge is connected with the load, and the output end of the second 3dB bridge is connected with a switch filter amplifier through a first filter, an adjustable attenuator, a second-stage low noise amplifier LNA2 and a second filter.
10. The meter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization radar transceiving front end of claim 1, wherein: the connection relationship of each part of the broadband power amplifier module (4) is as follows: the radio frequency input insulator (41) is placed at one side end part of the red copper substrate (55), the fixed attenuator (42) is placed on the back surface of the red copper substrate (55) and is connected with the bottom end of the radio frequency input insulator (41), the driving stage amplifier (43) adopts a linear amplification mode and is placed on the back surface of the red copper substrate (55), the low-frequency insulator (50) supplies power to the front stage power amplifier (45) through the driving stage, and the front stage power amplifier (45) and the final stage power amplifier (47) are both placed on the front surface of the red copper substrate (55); the power supply modulation circuit (49) is arranged at the lower position of a final power tube output matching circuit (48) on the back surface of a red copper substrate (55), and outputs power to each stage of amplifier through a-5V power supply insulator (51), +5V power supply insulator (52) and a +48V power supply insulator (53), a microstrip plate (54) is arranged between the upper end of the red copper substrate (55) and a driving stage output radio frequency insulator (44), a preceding stage power amplifier (45), a final power tube input matching circuit (46), a final power amplifier (47) and a final power tube output matching circuit (48), and each insulator is connected to the microstrip plate (54).
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