CN114199715B - Continuous sewage sand content acquisition device and test method - Google Patents
Continuous sewage sand content acquisition device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114199715B CN114199715B CN202111501199.2A CN202111501199A CN114199715B CN 114199715 B CN114199715 B CN 114199715B CN 202111501199 A CN202111501199 A CN 202111501199A CN 114199715 B CN114199715 B CN 114199715B
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Abstract
The invention provides a continuous sewage sand content acquisition device and a test method, comprising a rotational flow sand settling column; a water inlet is formed in the rotational flow sand settling column; the outer side wall of the rotational flow sand settling column is communicated with an emptying valve; the bottom of the rotational flow sand settling column is communicated with a buffer sand settling hopper; the end part of the buffering sand settling hopper, which deviates from the rotational flow sand settling column, is provided with a sand discharge port, and the sand discharge port is provided with a sand discharge valve. The invention can accurately measure the sand content of the sewage and the sand content of different grain sizes in the sewage, solves a plurality of problems in the prior art, has the advantages of accurate test result, strong representativeness, good practical effect, simple and convenient operation and the like, and can better guide the debugging and optimization of the sand removal system of the sewage treatment plant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment and detection, in particular to a continuous sewage sand content acquisition device and a test method.
Background
The pretreatment system is a key link for ensuring the stable operation of a sewage plant and generally comprises a grating, a grit chamber and a primary settling chamber. If the sand basin has poor operation effect and low sand removal efficiency, excessive sand enters a subsequent sewage treatment system, which causes a series of problems of poor stability of a biochemical system, high inorganic matter content of residual sludge, serious abrasion of mechanical equipment, difficult production stoppage and sand removal and the like. The problems show that the understanding of the condition of sand content in the sewage and the understanding of the sand removal efficiency of the grit chamber are the basis for guaranteeing the normal operation of the sewage treatment plant. In addition, related researches show that the grain size of fine sand which can affect activated sludge flocs in a biochemical system is generally less than 200 microns, the traditional grit chamber is mainly designed for removing sand grains with the grain size of more than 200 microns, and the designed minimum removal grain size of the novel efficient sand removal process can reach 75-100 microns. Therefore, after the sand content of the sewage is grasped, the particle size distribution of the sand grains contained in the sewage should be grasped to clarify the sand removing effect of the sand setting unit on the sand grains with different particle sizes, and the targeted optimization and debugging work can be carried out. The existing testing method aiming at the sand content and the particle size distribution of sewage mainly comprises a suspended matter testing method, a burning method, a screening method and the like.
The Chinese patent invention with the publication number of CN103149116A discloses a method for rapidly measuring sand content in sewage, which establishes a correlation coefficient between the sand content and the volume number of settled sand in a unit volume of water sample through a large amount of experimental data, measures the volume number of settled sand in sewage through a rapid measuring device for the sand content in sewage in the later measuring process of the same pipe network, and obtains the sand content with different particle sizes in the sewage by calculating the correlation coefficient, wherein the rapid measuring device for the sand content in sewage comprises a funnel-shaped water container, the lower end of the water container is connected with a measuring pipe with scales through a switch valve, an air outlet conduit communicated with the inner cavity of the measuring pipe is arranged between the switch valve and the measuring pipe, the air outlet conduit is positioned above the scales of the measuring pipe, and the bottom end of the measuring pipe is provided with an end cover which covers the bottom end of the measuring pipe. And (4) testing the sand content by establishing the correlation between the volume and the mass of the sand in the sewage. The method belongs to a suspended matter testing method, and because the difference between sand and suspended matter cannot be distinguished, and the content of sand grains with different grain diameters is converted through volume, the error is relatively large.
The Chinese invention patent document with the publication number of CN102998235A discloses a test method for evaluating the sand removing effect of a grit chamber in a sewage pretreatment stage, which comprises the steps of continuously taking a raw water sample in a turbulent flow area of a grit chamber water inlet channel for sedimentation; uniformly adding a certain amount of sand with the same size distribution as the sand in the raw water at a water inlet of the grit chamber, continuously sampling in an effluent turbulent flow zone of the grit chamber, and settling a water sample by using a settling device; rinsing, drying and weighing the silt mixture collected by the settling device to obtain the sand content of inlet and outlet water of the grit chamber, and calculating the sand removal rate of the grit chamber by using the ratio of the difference of the total sand content of the inlet and outlet water of the grit chamber to the total sand content of the inlet water in the sampling period. The method belongs to the comprehensive use of a burning method and a screening method, but because the proportion of the prepared sand and the raw sand in a sand sample cannot be distinguished, the actual sand content and particle size distribution in the sewage cannot be determined, and the method can only be used for testing the removal efficiency of the grit chamber.
The utility model discloses a chinese utility model patent that publication number is CN203203984U discloses a sewage sand content spot test device is provided with leaks hopper-shaped water container, water container lower extreme is connected with end closed's metering tube, vertically is provided with even scale on this metering tube pipe shaft, metering tube upper portion is provided with the pipe of giving vent to anger, should give vent to anger pipe and metering tube inner chamber intercommunication, the pipe of giving vent to anger is located the top of scale, and this pipe of giving vent to anger one end is connected with metering tube upper portion, and the other end upwards extends to with water container upper end parallel and level, water container is the pear shape, and the upper end is provided with the top cap, vertically is provided with the scale on this water container, be provided with the ooff valve between water container lower extreme and the metering tube top, the metering tube bottom is equipped with the end cover, and this end cover metering tube bottom, the zero scale of last scale of metering tube is located the metering tube bottom.
In addition, these methods also ignore the test result representative problem. Because the movement rule of sand grains in sewage is influenced by various factors such as hydraulic flow state, sand grain density, water temperature and the like, the distribution of the sand grain concentration in time and space is not uniform, if the sampling volume is too small (such as 500mL and 1000 mL) or the sampling time is too short, the representativeness of a test result is greatly influenced, and the content of the sand grains in the water and the particle size distribution can not be correctly reflected. Therefore, the development of a continuous, large-volume and quantifiable sampling test device is an important basis for guaranteeing the representativeness of results.
In view of the related art in the foregoing, the inventors consider that the main problems of the prior art include: (1) The testing method cannot distinguish sand and suspended matters, so that the sand content testing error is large; (2) The testing method belongs to an indirect testing method, and needs to establish an association relationship between the sand volume and the sand content, the association relationship needs to be checked regularly, and the testing method is not suitable for the case of large water quality fluctuation; (3) the particle size distribution of sand in the sewage cannot be reflected; (4) The method lacks of a technical means for guaranteeing the representativeness of the test result and lacks of a continuous, large-volume and quantifiable test device.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a continuous sewage sand content acquisition device and a test method.
The invention provides a continuous sewage sand content acquisition device, which comprises a rotational flow sand settling column;
a water inlet is formed in the rotational flow sand settling column;
the outer side wall of the rotational flow sand settling column is communicated with an emptying valve;
the bottom of the rotational flow sand settling column is communicated with a buffer sand settling hopper;
the end part of the buffering sand settling hopper, which deviates from the rotational flow sand settling column, is provided with a sand discharge port, and the sand discharge port is provided with a sand discharge valve.
Preferably, one end of the water inlet is communicated with a water inlet rotational flow pipe, the other end of the water inlet is communicated with a water inlet pipe, the water inlet rotational flow pipe is positioned inside the rotational flow sand settling column, and the water inlet pipe is positioned outside the rotational flow sand settling column;
and a water inlet control valve is arranged on the water inlet pipe.
Preferably, the water inlet pipe is communicated with a water inlet shunt pipe for shunting liquid in the water inlet pipe, and the water inlet shunt pipe is provided with a water inlet shunt valve.
Preferably, a water collecting tank is arranged on the rotational flow sand settling column, a water outlet is arranged in the water collecting tank, the water outlet is communicated with a water outlet pipe of the water collecting tank, and the water outlet pipe of the water collecting tank is communicated with a flow calibration barrel; the bottom of the flow calibration barrel is communicated with a water outlet pipe, and a water outlet control valve is arranged on the water outlet pipe.
Preferably, one side of the buffering sand settling hopper, which is far away from the rotational flow sand settling column, is provided with a filtering screen for collecting sand samples precipitated in the buffering sand settling hopper and filtering redundant moisture.
Preferably, one end of the water inlet pipe, which is far away from the water inlet, is connected with the sampling pump.
The invention provides a continuous testing method for sand content of sewage, which comprises the following steps:
a sampling step: selecting a sand sample collection site, opening a water inlet control valve, closing a sand discharge valve and an exhaust valve, sending sewage at the sand sample collection site into a rotational flow sand setting column, and stopping sampling when a preset condition is reached;
a sand sample obtaining step: after standing and settling for a preset standing time, opening an emptying valve to discharge supernatant after standing in the sewage, after the supernatant is discharged, closing the emptying valve, and opening a sand discharge valve to obtain a sand sample precipitated in a buffer sand settling hopper;
sand sample treatment: drying the sand sample, then firing to obtain a finished sand sample, and weighing the finished sand sample to obtain M;
a first formula calculating step: calculating the sand content C of the sewage according to a first formula;
where V represents the cumulative sample volume.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
screening: screening the finished sand sample sequentially through screens with different apertures, and weighing the weight of oversize materials respectively;
calculating a second formula: calculating the content C of sand grains with different grain size ranges in the sewage according to a second formula i ；
Wherein M is i The weight of the oversize for screens of different pore sizes.
Preferably, in the sampling step, the sewage in the channel is sent into the continuous sand sample collecting device at a sampling flow Q, and the sampling flow Q and the sampling hydraulic load N are measured and recorded at preset intervals during the sand sample collecting period;
the range of the sampling flow Q is 1-10 m 3 The sampling hydraulic load N is in the range of 3-12.5 m/h.
Preferably, in the sampling step, the water outlet control valve is opened before the sampling pump is opened; when the rotational flow sand setting column starts to continuously discharge water, the water discharge control valve is closed, and the liquid level in the flow calibration barrel is recorded to reach the maximum scale V max Calculating the sampling flow Q according to a third formula at the time t; calculating the sampled water according to a fourth formulaA force load N;
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can accurately measure the sand content of the sewage and the sand content of different grain sizes in the sewage, solves a plurality of problems in the prior art, has the advantages of accurate test result, strong representativeness, good practical effect, simple and convenient operation and the like, and can better guide the debugging and optimization of the sand removal system of the sewage treatment plant;
2. the invention has the advantages of simple manufacture and installation, small size and occupied area, convenient manual operation and the like, can realize continuous sampling and fixed volume sampling of sewage, and ensures the representativeness of a test result;
3. by controlling the sampling flow and the sampling hydraulic load, the invention ensures that sand grains with the diameter of more than 50 micrometers in the sewage can be collected by the continuous sand sample collecting device, and ensures the accuracy of the test result;
4. the invention also provides a flow calibration barrel and a method for calibrating and measuring the sampling flow, which ensure the accuracy of the sampling flow and further ensure the accuracy of the test result.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a front view of a schematic structural view of a continuous sand sample collection apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a schematic of the continuous sand sample collection assembly;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a flow calibration barrel;
FIG. 4 is a schematic sampling diagram of a continuous sand sample collection device;
FIG. 5 is a test flow chart of a sewage sand content test method;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the sand content in the inlet and outlet water of an aerated grit chamber and the sand removal efficiency of the aerated grit chamber for a range of different grit sizes according to the example;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the content of sand grains in the inlet water and the outlet water of an aerated grit chamber and the sand removal efficiency of the aerated grit chamber in two different particle size ranges in example two;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the contents of sand grains in the inlet and outlet water of the aerated grit chamber and the sand removal efficiency of the aerated grit chamber in three different particle size ranges according to the example.
Reference numerals:
Water inlet control valve 2 buffer sand setting hopper 9 water inlet pipe 16
Water inlet shunt pipe 17 of sand discharge valve 10 at bottom of water inlet shunt valve 3
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a continuous sewage sand content acquisition device, which comprises a rotational flow sand setting column 1 as shown in figures 1 and 2. The rotational flow sand settling column 1 is provided with a water inlet 12. One end of the water inlet 12 is communicated with a water inlet rotational flow pipe 4, the other end of the water inlet 12 is communicated with a water inlet pipe 16, the water inlet rotational flow pipe 4 is positioned inside the rotational flow sand settling column 1, and the water inlet pipe 16 is positioned outside the rotational flow sand settling column 1. The water inlet pipe 16 is provided with a water inlet control valve 2. The water inlet pipe 16 is communicated with a water inlet shunt pipe 17 for shunting liquid in the water inlet pipe 16, and the water inlet shunt pipe 17 is provided with a water inlet shunt valve 3. The outer side wall of the rotational flow sand settling column 1 is communicated with an emptying valve 8. The cyclone sand settling column 1 is provided with a water collecting tank 5, a water outlet 13 is arranged in the water collecting tank 5, the water outlet 13 is communicated with a water collecting tank water outlet pipe 15, and the water collecting tank water outlet pipe 15 is communicated with a flow calibration barrel 6; the bottom of the flow calibration barrel 6 is communicated with a water outlet pipe 18, and the water outlet pipe 18 is provided with a water outlet control valve 7.
Specifically, the rotational flow sand setting column 1 is a cylindrical reactor, a water inlet 12 is arranged at the middle part of the rotational flow sand setting column, an emptying valve 8 is arranged at the lower part of the rotational flow sand setting column, a water collecting tank 5 is arranged above the rotational flow sand setting column, and a flow calibration barrel 6 is arranged on the lateral side of the rotational flow sand setting column. The water inlet 12 is respectively connected with a water inlet pipe 16 and a water inlet cyclone pipe 4, and the water inlet pipe 16 is also connected with a water inlet flow dividing pipe 17. A water outlet 13 is arranged in the water collecting tank 5, and the water outlet 13 is connected with a water outlet pipe 15 of the water collecting tank. The water collecting tank water outlet pipe 15 is arranged inside the flow calibration barrel 6, and the central axis of the water collecting tank water outlet pipe 15 is coaxial with the central axis of the flow calibration barrel 6. The flow calibration barrel 6 is a cylindrical barrel, a water outlet pipe 18 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the barrel, and a water outlet control valve 7 is arranged on the water outlet pipe 18. The rotational flow sand settling column 1 is the upper half part of the continuous sand sample collecting device, and the upper half part is of a cylindrical barrel body structure. After entering the rotational flow sand settling column 1, sand grains are influenced by the water inlet rotational flow pipe 4 and perform rotational flow settling operation inside the rotational flow sand settling column 1.
The diameter D of the rotational flow sand setting column 1 is in the range of 0.5-2.5 m, preferably 0.6-1.0 m, and the effective volume is not less than 125L. The included angle alpha between the water inlet rotational flow pipe 4 and the horizontal plane is 0-60 degrees, preferably 20-40 degrees, so as to ensure that the inlet water can form effective rotational flow in the rotational flow sand settling column 1 and promote the settling collection of sand grains; 4 end installation check valves of the whirl pipe of intaking, when preventing that the sampling from stopping, the interior sewage refluence loss of continuous type sand sample collection system causes the sampling error. The included angle beta of the water inlet 12 and the water outlet 13 on the horizontal projection is 60-120 degrees, and the preferred angle beta is 90 degrees.
The bottom of the rotational flow sand settling column 1 is communicated with a buffering sand settling hopper 9. The end part of the buffering sand settling hopper 9 departing from the rotational flow sand settling column 1 is provided with a sand discharge port, and the sand discharge port is provided with a sand discharge valve. One side of the buffer sand settling hopper 9 departing from the cyclone sand settling column 1 is provided with a filtering screen for collecting sand samples precipitated in the buffer sand settling hopper 9 and filtering redundant moisture. The sand discharge port comprises a bottom sand discharge port 14. The filter screen comprises a wet sand filter screen 11.
Specifically, the lower end of the rotational flow sand settling column 1 is provided with a buffering sand settling hopper 9. The buffering sand settling hopper 9 is an inverted conical reactor, and the diameter of the circular top surface of the buffering sand settling hopper is the same as that of the rotational flow sand settling column 1. The bottom of the buffering sand settling hopper 9 is provided with a bottom sand discharge port 14, and the opening and closing of the bottom sand discharge port 14 are controlled by a bottom sand discharge valve 10. A wet sand sample filtering screen 11 is arranged under the buffer sand settling hopper 9 and is used for collecting sand samples precipitated in the buffer sand settling hopper 9 and filtering redundant moisture. The included angle gamma between the conical generatrix of the buffering sand setting hopper 9 and the horizontal line is 10-100 degrees, preferably 45-70 degrees, and the effective volume of the buffering sand setting hopper 9 accounts for 30-40 percent of the effective volume of the rotational flow sand setting column 1. The wet sand-like filter screen 11 has a screen opening of 50 μm or 100 μm or 75 μm, preferably 50 μm. Buffering grit chamber 9 represents continuous type sand sample collection system's the latter half, and buffering grit chamber 9 is the conical funnel-shaped of invering. Where the sand particles eventually settle at the bottom and collect.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the flow calibration barrel 6 is used for calibrating the sampling flow of the continuous sand sample collection device, the measuring range is 6-10L, and the surface of the barrel body is marked with volume scales 20. The minimum scale of the volume scale 20 is 0.2-0.5 mL.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the end of the inlet pipe 16 facing away from the inlet 12 is connected to a sampling pump 19.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a continuous sewage sand content testing method, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, comprising the following steps: a sampling step: selecting a sand sample collection place, opening the water inlet control valve 2, closing the sand discharge valve and the emptying valve 8, sending sewage at the sand sample collection place into the rotational flow sand settling column 1, and stopping sampling when a preset condition is reached. The sewage in the channel is sent into a continuous mode by using the sampling flow QIn the sand sample collection device, during the sand sample collection period, the sampling flow Q and the sampling hydraulic load N are measured and recorded at preset intervals. The range of the sampling flow Q is 1 to 10m 3 The sampling hydraulic load N is in the range of 3-12.5 m/h.
Specifically, a turbulent flow position in the channel is selected as a sand sample collecting place, the water inlet control valve 2, the water inlet flow dividing valve 3 and the water outlet control valve 7 are opened, the bottom sand discharge valve 10 and the emptying valve 8 are closed, and the sampling pump 19 is started to send the sewage in the channel into the continuous sand sample collecting device at the sampling flow Q. The sewage flows through the water inlet pipe 16 and the water inlet 12 in sequence and enters the rotational flow sand settling column 1 in a rotational flow mode under the action of the water inlet rotational flow pipe 4. In the rotational flow sand setting column 1, sand grains with the grain size larger than 50 μm are rapidly settled in the buffering sand setting hopper 9 under the dual influence of hydraulic rotational flow and gravity, and the effluent is collected by the water collecting tank 5, discharged into the flow calibration barrel 6 through the water outlet 13 and the water outlet pipe 15 of the water collecting tank, and discharged through the water outlet pipe 18.
When the accumulative sampling time T reaches 1-3 hours and the accumulative sampling volume V exceeds 2m 3 And stopping sampling. And during the sand sample collection period, measuring and recording the sampling flow Q and the sampling hydraulic load N every 10-15 min. The sampling flow Q is 1-10 m 3 H, preferably 1 to 4m 3 The specific range of the sampling hydraulic load N of the continuous sand sample collecting device during sand sample collection is 3-12.5 m/h, and preferably 3-5 m/h. The sampling representativeness of the test method is greatly influenced by the sampling time and the sampling volume. The longer the sampling time and the larger the sampling volume, the better the sampling representativeness. Therefore, on the basis of the previous repeated experiments, the relatively appropriate and better condition for stopping sampling under the test method is summarized, namely that the accumulative sampling time reaches 1-3 hours, and the accumulative sampling volume exceeds 2m 3 ”。
A sand sample obtaining step: and after standing and settling for a preset standing time, opening the emptying valve 8 to discharge supernatant after standing in the sewage, after the supernatant is discharged, closing the emptying valve 8, and opening the sand discharge valve to obtain a sand sample precipitated in the buffer sand settling hopper 9.
Specifically, after standing and settling for 0.5-1 hour, opening an emptying valve 8 to discharge supernatant, after the supernatant is discharged, closing the emptying valve 8, opening a bottom sand discharge valve 10, collecting sand samples precipitated in a buffer sand settling hopper 9 by using a wet sand sample filtering screen 11, and reserving oversize materials as sand samples.
Sand sample treatment: and drying the sand sample, then firing to obtain a finished sand sample, and weighing the finished sand sample by weight M.
Specifically, the collected sand sample is dried to constant weight, then the sand sample is moved to a muffle furnace to be burned to constant weight, a finished sand sample is obtained, and the weight of the weighed finished sand sample is M. The drying temperature of the sand sample is 103-105 ℃, and the burning temperature of the sand sample is 550-600 ℃.
A first formula calculating step: calculating the sand content C of the sewage according to a first formula;
where V represents the cumulative sample volume.
Screening: and (4) screening the finished sand sample sequentially through screens with different apertures, and weighing the oversize materials respectively. Specifically, the finished sand sample is sequentially screened by standard screens with different apertures, and the weight of oversize materials is respectively weighed. The number and the aperture of the standard screens are determined according to the test requirements, and the minimum aperture is consistent with the aperture of the wet sand sample filter screen 11. Preferably, the standard screen may have one or more of 560 μm, 350 μm, 200 μm, 150 μm, 100 μm, 75 μm, 50 μm pore size. And (3) sequentially sieving the finished sand sample by standard sieves with the mesh openings of 560 microns, 350 microns, 200 microns, 150 microns, 100 microns, 75 microns and 50 microns, and respectively weighing the oversize materials.
Calculating a second formula: calculating the content C of sand grains with different grain size ranges in the sewage according to a second formula i ；
Wherein M is i For sieves of different aperturesWeight of the oversize of the mesh.
The water outlet control valve 7 is opened before the sampling pump 19 is started; when the rotational flow sand setting column 1 begins to continuously discharge water, the water discharge control valve 7 is closed, the liquid level in the flow calibration barrel 6 is recorded and reaches the maximum scale V max Calculating the sampling flow Q according to a third formula at the time t; and calculating the sampling hydraulic load N according to a fourth formula. Namely, the measuring method of the sampling flow Q and the sampling hydraulic load N comprises the following steps: when the continuous sand sample collecting device starts to continuously output water, the water output control valve 7 is closed, and the liquid level in the flow rate recording calibration barrel 6 reaches the maximum scale V max Calculating corresponding sampling flow Q and sampling hydraulic load N according to a third formula and a fourth formula at the time t;
the calculation method of the cumulative sampling volume V is specifically shown in the fifth formula:
wherein Q is i The flow rate of the sample recorded at the ith measurement is m, and the total number of times of measurement recording is m.
Before sand sample collection in the sampling step, sampling flow and sampling hydraulic load are preconditioned and calibrated by adjusting the water inlet control valve 2, the water inlet shunt valve 3 and the flow calibration barrel 6, and the method comprises the following specific steps: the first step is as follows: and opening the water inlet control valve 2, the water inlet shunt valve 3 and the water outlet control valve 7, closing the bottom sand discharge valve 10 and the emptying valve 8, and starting the sampling pump 19. The second step is that: and when the sewage is discharged into the flow calibration barrel 6 from the water outlet pipe 15 of the water collecting tank, measuring the sampling flow Q and the sampling hydraulic load N according to the measuring method of the sampling flow Q and the sampling hydraulic load N. The third step: the opening degree of the water inlet control valve 2 and the opening degree of the water inlet flow dividing valve 3 are adjustedThe flow distribution in the water inlet pipe 16 and the water inlet shunt pipe 17 is controlled, so that the sampling flow Q and the sampling hydraulic load N meet the specific range; the sampling flow Q is enabled to satisfy 1-4 m 3 The hydraulic load N of sampling meets 3-5 m/h. The fourth step: keeping the opening degrees of the water inlet control valve 2 and the water inlet shunt valve 3 unchanged, closing the sampling pump 19, opening the emptying valve 8 and the bottom sand discharge valve 10, emptying the sewage and sand grains in the continuous sand sample collection device, and then closing the emptying valve 8 and the bottom sand discharge valve 10.
Specifically, in the first embodiment, a continuous sewage sand content collecting device and a testing method are used to test the sewage sand content and the sand removal efficiency of the aeration grit chamber in the first sewage treatment plant.
The adopted continuous sand sample collecting device is characterized in that: (1) The diameter D of the rotational flow sand setting column 1 is 0.6m, and the effective volume is 170L. (2) The included angle gamma between the conical generatrix of the buffering sand setting hopper 9 and the horizontal line is 58 degrees, and the effective volume of the buffering sand setting hopper 9 accounts for 34.9 percent of the effective volume of the rotational flow sand setting column 1. (3) The included angle alpha between the water inlet rotational flow pipe 4 and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees, and the tail end of the water inlet rotational flow pipe 4 is provided with a check valve. (4) The measuring range of the flow calibration barrel 6 is 8L, the surface of the barrel body is marked with volume scales 20, and the minimum scale is 0.5mL. (5) The included angle beta between the water inlet 12 and the water outlet 13 on the horizontal projection is 90 degrees. (6) the mesh opening size of the wet sand-like filter mesh 11 is 50 μm.
In the sampling step, turbulent flow positions in a water inlet channel and a water outlet channel of the aeration grit chamber are selected as sand sample collecting places, a water inlet control valve 2, a water inlet flow dividing valve 3 and a water outlet control valve 7 are opened, a bottom sand discharge valve 10 and an emptying valve 8 are closed, a sampling pump 19 is opened, and sampling is started. The sampling flow and the sampling hydraulic load during sampling are respectively maintained at Q =1.2m 3 /h、N＝4.24m/h。
When the cumulative sampling time T reaches 2 hours, the sampling is stopped. And during the sand sample collection period, measuring and recording the sampling flow Q and the sampling hydraulic load N every 15 min.
In the step of obtaining the sand sample, after standing and settling for 0.5 hour, opening an emptying valve 8 to discharge supernatant, collecting the sand sample precipitated in a buffer sand settling hopper 9 by using a wet sand sample filtering screen 11, and reserving oversize as the sand sample.
In the sand sample treatment step, drying the collected sand sample at 105 ℃ to constant weight, then transferring the sand sample to a muffle furnace to be burned at 600 ℃ to constant weight to obtain a finished sand sample, and weighing the finished sand sample to obtain the weight M.
In the screening step, the finished sand sample is sequentially screened by standard screens with the screen mesh aperture of 350 microns, 200 microns, 100 microns and 75 microns, and the weight of oversize products is respectively weighed.
In the first formula calculation step and the second formula calculation step, the sand content C of the sewage and the content C of sand grains with different grain size ranges in the sewage are calculated i In (1). The sand content of the inlet water of the aeration grit chamber of the plant is 11.59g/m by calculation 3 The sand content of the effluent is 2.54g/m 3 The average sand removal efficiency of the aerated grit chamber is 78.11%, and the content of sand grains with different grain size ranges in the inlet water and the outlet water of the aerated grit chamber and the sand removal efficiency of the aerated grit chamber are shown in fig. 6.
The continuous sewage sand content acquisition device and the test method realize continuous sampling and fixed volume sampling of sewage through the continuous sand sample acquisition device, ensure that sand grains in the sewage are all collected by controlling sampling flow and sampling hydraulic load, and ensure the accuracy and the representativeness of test results through a standardized test method.
In the invention, by adjusting the water inlet control valve 2, the water inlet shunt valve 3 and the flow calibration barrel 6, the sampling flow Q and the sampling hydraulic load N are maintained in proper ranges, which is the key for ensuring that sand grains with the diameter of more than 50 mu m can be collected by the continuous sand sample collecting device and also the key for ensuring that the continuous sand sample collecting device can continuously and quantitatively collect sand-containing sewage. According to the testing method, the sampling flow and the sampling hydraulic load are pre-adjusted and calibrated before the test is carried out, the opening degrees of the water inlet control valve 2 and the water inlet shunt valve 3 are kept unchanged during sampling, the opening degrees of the two valves are not required to be adjusted frequently in the testing process, and the convenience and the accuracy of the sampling test are improved.
The testing method has the advantages of accurate and representative testing result, good practical effect, simple and convenient operation and the like, and can better guide the debugging optimization of the sewage treatment plant sand removal system. The collecting device and the testing method can accurately measure the sand content of the sewage and the sand content of different grain sizes in the sewage, solve a plurality of problems in the prior art, have the advantages of accurate testing result, strong representativeness, good practical effect, simple and convenient operation and the like, and can better guide the debugging and optimization of a sand removing system of a sewage treatment plant. The continuous sewage sand content acquisition device and the test method have the advantages of simple manufacture and installation, small size and land occupation, convenient manual operation and the like, can realize continuous sampling and fixed volume sampling of sewage, and ensure the representativeness of test results; by controlling the sampling flow and the sampling hydraulic load, the sand grains with the diameter of more than 50 micrometers in the sewage can be collected by the continuous sand sample collecting device, and the accuracy of the test result is ensured. In addition, because the sampling flow is still relatively less, the traditional electromagnetic flowmeter is difficult to select types, and the inflow is the sewage of the pretreatment section and contains more impurities, and the traditional float-type flowmeter is also easily influenced by particle impurities in the measuring process. Therefore, the invention also provides the flow calibration barrel 6 and a method for calibrating and measuring the sampling flow, which ensure the accuracy of the sampling flow and further ensure the accuracy of the test result.
The second embodiment of the invention also discloses a continuous sewage sand content acquisition device and a test method, and as shown in fig. 1 and 7, the second sewage treatment plant performs the test work of the sewage sand content and the sand removal efficiency of the aeration grit chamber.
The adopted continuous sand sample collecting device is characterized in that: (1) The diameter D of the rotational flow sand setting column 1 is 1.0m, and the effective volume is 480L. (2) The included angle gamma between the conical generatrix of the buffering sand setting hopper 9 and the horizontal line is 45 degrees, and the effective volume of the buffering sand setting hopper 9 accounts for 34 percent of the effective volume of the rotational flow sand setting column 1. (3) The included angle alpha between the water inlet rotational flow pipe 4 and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees, and the tail end of the water inlet rotational flow pipe 4 is provided with a check valve. (4) The measuring range of the flow calibration barrel 6 is 10L, the surface of the barrel body is marked with volume scales 20, and the minimum scale is 0.5mL. (5) The included angle beta between the water inlet 12 and the water outlet 13 on the horizontal projection is 90 degrees. (6) the mesh opening size of the wet sand-like filter mesh 11 is 50 μm.
In the sampling step, turbulent flow positions in a water inlet channel and a water outlet channel of the aeration grit chamber are selected as sand sample collecting places, a water inlet control valve 2, a water inlet flow dividing valve 3 and a water outlet control valve 7 are opened, a bottom sand discharge valve 10 and an emptying valve 8 are closed, a sampling pump 19 is opened, and sampling is started. The sampling flow and the sampling hydraulic load during sampling are respectively maintained at Q =3.0m 3 /h、N＝3.82m/h。
When the cumulative sampling time T reaches 1 hour, the sampling is stopped. And during the sand sample collection period, measuring and recording the sampling flow Q and the sampling hydraulic load N every 15 min.
In the step of obtaining the sand sample, after standing and settling for 1.0 hour, opening an emptying valve 8 to discharge supernatant, collecting the sand sample precipitated in a buffer sand settling hopper 9 by using a wet sand sample filtering screen 11, and reserving oversize as the sand sample.
In the sand sample processing step, drying the collected sand sample at 105 ℃ to constant weight, then transferring the sand sample to a muffle furnace, burning the sand sample at 600 ℃ to constant weight to obtain a finished sand sample, and weighing the finished sand sample to obtain M.
In the screening step, the finished sand sample is sequentially screened by standard screens with the screen hole diameters of 350 microns, 200 microns, 100 microns and 75 microns, and the weight of oversize products is respectively weighed.
In the first formula calculation step and the second formula calculation step, the sand content C of the sewage and the content C of sand grains with different grain size ranges in the sewage are calculated i In (1). The sand content of the inlet water of the aeration grit chamber of the plant is 14.07g/m through calculation 3 The sand content of the effluent is 1.46g/m 3 The average sand removal efficiency of the aeration grit chamber is 89.63%, and the content of sand grains with different grain size ranges in the inlet water and the outlet water of the aeration grit chamber and the sand removal efficiency of the aeration grit chamber are shown in fig. 7.
The third embodiment of the invention also discloses a continuous sewage sand content acquisition device and a test method, and as shown in figures 1 and 8, 6 sewage treatment plants in 5 cities carry out test work on the proportion of sand grains in sewage in different grain size ranges.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore, are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (8)
1. A continuous sewage sand content collecting device comprises a rotational flow sand setting column (1);
a water inlet (12) is formed in the rotational flow sand settling column (1);
the outer side wall of the rotational flow sand settling column (1) is communicated with an emptying valve (8);
the bottom of the rotational flow sand settling column (1) is communicated with a buffer sand settling hopper (9);
a sand discharge port is formed in the end part, away from the rotational flow sand settling column (1), of the buffer sand settling hopper (9), and a sand discharge valve is arranged at the sand discharge port;
one end of the water inlet (12) is communicated with a water inlet rotational flow pipe (4), the other end of the water inlet (12) is communicated with a water inlet pipe (16), the water inlet rotational flow pipe (4) is positioned inside the rotational flow sand settling column (1), and the water inlet pipe (16) is positioned outside the rotational flow sand settling column (1);
the water inlet pipe (16) is provided with a water inlet control valve (2);
a water collecting tank (5) is arranged on the rotational flow sand settling column (1), a water outlet (13) is arranged in the water collecting tank (5), the water outlet (13) is communicated with a water collecting tank water outlet pipe (15), and the water collecting tank water outlet pipe (15) is communicated with a flow calibration barrel (6); the bottom of the flow calibration barrel (6) is communicated with a water outlet pipe (18), and a water outlet control valve (7) is arranged on the water outlet pipe (18);
the diameter D of the rotational flow sand settling column (1) ranges from 0.6m to 1.0m;
an included angle beta between the water inlet (12) and the water outlet (13) on the horizontal projection is 90 degrees;
a wet sand sample filtering screen (11) is arranged right below the buffer sand settling hopper (9), and the screen mesh diameter of the wet sand sample filtering screen (11) is 50 mu m; sending the sewage in the channel into a continuous sand sample collecting device at a sampling flow Q, and measuring and recording the sampling flow Q and the sampling hydraulic load N at preset intervals during the sand sample collecting period;
ensuring that sand grains with the particle size of more than 50 mu m in the sewage can be collected by a continuous sand sample collecting device;
the included angle alpha between the water inlet rotational flow pipe (4) and the horizontal plane is 20-40 degrees.
2. The continuous sewage sand content collecting device according to claim 1, wherein the water inlet pipe (16) is communicated with a water inlet shunt pipe (17) for shunting liquid in the water inlet pipe (16), and the water inlet shunt pipe (17) is provided with a water inlet shunt valve (3).
3. The continuous sewage sand content acquisition device according to claim 1, characterized in that one side of the buffer sand settling hopper (9) away from the cyclone sand settling column (1) is provided with a filter screen for acquiring sand samples precipitated in the buffer sand settling hopper (9) and filtering excessive water.
4. The continuous sand content collector for sewage water as claimed in claim 1, wherein the end of the water inlet pipe (16) departing from the water inlet (12) is connected with a sampling pump (19).
5. A continuous sewage sand content testing method is characterized in that the continuous sewage sand content testing device of any one of claims 1 to 4 is applied, and comprises the following steps:
a sampling step: selecting a sand sample collection place, opening a water inlet control valve (2), closing a sand discharge valve and an exhaust valve (8), sending sewage at the sand sample collection place into a rotational flow sand setting column (1), and stopping sampling when a preset condition is reached;
a sand sample obtaining step: after standing and settling for a preset standing time, opening an emptying valve (8) to discharge supernatant after standing in the sewage, after the supernatant is discharged, closing the emptying valve (8), and opening a sand discharge valve to obtain a sand sample precipitated in a buffer sand settling hopper (9);
sand sample treatment: drying the sand sample, then firing to obtain a finished sand sample, and weighing the finished sand sample to obtain M;
a first formula calculating step: calculating the sand content C of the sewage according to a first formula;
where V represents the cumulative sample volume.
6. The continuous sewage sand content testing method according to claim 5, further comprising the steps of:
screening: screening the finished sand sample sequentially through screens with different apertures, and weighing the weight of oversize materials respectively;
calculating a second formula: calculating the content C of sand grains with different grain size ranges in the sewage according to a second formula i ；
Wherein M is i The weight of the oversize for screens of different pore sizes.
7. The continuous sand content testing method of sewage water according to claim 5, wherein in the sampling step, the sewage water in the channel is fed into the continuous sand at a sampling flow rate QIn the sample collection device, during the sand sample collection period, measuring and recording the sampling flow Q and the sampling hydraulic load N at preset intervals; the sampling flow Q ranges from 1 m to 4m 3 And the sampling hydraulic load N ranges from 3 to 5m/h.
8. The continuous sand content test method of sewage according to claim 5, wherein in the sampling step, the outlet control valve (7) is opened before the sampling pump (19) is started; when the rotational flow sand setting column (1) starts to continuously discharge water, the water discharge control valve (7) is closed, and the liquid level in the flow calibration barrel (6) is recorded to reach the maximum scale V max Calculating the sampling flow Q according to a third formula at the time t; calculating a sampling hydraulic load N according to a fourth formula;
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