CN114199037A - Electric furnace flue gas dioxin inhibition cooperative adsorption control system and method - Google Patents
Electric furnace flue gas dioxin inhibition cooperative adsorption control system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114199037A CN114199037A CN202111464194.7A CN202111464194A CN114199037A CN 114199037 A CN114199037 A CN 114199037A CN 202111464194 A CN202111464194 A CN 202111464194A CN 114199037 A CN114199037 A CN 114199037A
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 meanwhile Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000185 dioxinlike effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bicarbonate Substances [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/008—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/06—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D53/685—Halogens or halogen compounds by treating the gases with solids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
- B01D53/83—Solid phase processes with moving reactants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
- C21C5/562—Manufacture of steel by other methods starting from scrap
- C21C5/565—Preheating of scrap
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- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
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- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
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- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
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- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
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- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for controlling dioxin suppression and cooperative adsorption of electric furnace flue gas. The primary flue gas purification system comprises an electric furnace (1), a heat insulation flue (3), a combustion settling chamber (4), a waste heat boiler (5), a primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter (6) and a chimney (7), which are connected in sequence through flues; the secondary flue gas purification system comprises a dog house (2), a flue gas capture cover (8), a secondary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter (9) and a chimney (7), and an inhibitor injection system (10) is arranged between the electric furnace (1) and the heat insulation flue (3); a primary flue gas adsorbent injection system (11) is arranged between the primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter (6) and the waste heat boiler (5); a secondary flue gas adsorbent injection system (12) is arranged between the flue gas trapping cover (8) and the ultra-clean bag filter (9). According to the invention, the primary flue gas dioxin is controlled by adopting a process of firstly inhibiting and then synergistically adsorbing, the secondary flue gas dioxin is controlled by adopting the tail end of an adsorption technology, and an ultra-clean bag filtration technology is simultaneously assisted, so that the synergistic and efficient control of two forms of dioxin and PM2.5 fine particles is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of industrial flue gas pollution control, and particularly relates to a system and a method for inhibiting and cooperatively adsorbing dioxin in waste steel smelting electric furnace flue gas and industrial flue gas.
Background
Dioxin is a chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon mixture, is difficult to degrade, and can remain for a long time once entering the environment, so that dioxin is an unconventional pollutant to be treated urgently.
The production amount of dioxin in the electric furnace smelting process is large, the discharge total amount of the dioxin in the electric furnace steelmaking accounts for 14 percent, and the method is one of the main dioxin industrial pollution sources in China.
The dioxin in the flue gas of the electric furnace exists in two forms of gas and solid, namely gas-state dioxin and solid-state dioxin adsorbed on the surface of particles.
Therefore, gaseous dioxin and solid particles containing dioxin in flue gas need to be comprehensively treated so as to realize the final standard emission of dioxin.
The dioxin source control technology mainly comprises steel scrap pretreatment, flue gas quenching, secondary combustion and inhibitor injection, the steel scrap source in China is unstable and uneven, and the control of a chlorine source and an organic source is difficult to realize through pretreatment; dioxin can be decomposed at the high temperature of 850 ℃, but the secondary combustion consumes a coal gas heat source and has high running cost; the flue gas quenching can not recycle the waste flue gas heat and the outlet flue gas temperature can not be controlled, thereby influencing the follow-up bag dust remover.
The injection inhibitor cuts off the dioxin-generating raw material by injecting an alkaline substance in combination with a chlorine source, but this technique is less applicable.
The end control technology mainly comprises an adsorption technology and a catalytic decomposition technology. The existing adsorbent has limited adsorption capacity, poor adsorption effect, high cost of the adsorbent and high operating cost, and is difficult for enterprises to bear. The catalytic decomposition technology has the advantages of high catalyst cost, easy poisoning, reaction temperature of more than 300 ℃ and less industrial application cases.
Patent document CN201911117488, a method for controlling dioxin emission in electric furnace steel making process, combines ultrasonic oscillation and adopts Na2CO3Or NaHCO3Cleaning scrap with alkaline solution and using CaCO3CaO and dolomite are used as inhibitors, waste water generated by cleaning waste steel can cause secondary pollution, the waste steel doped with the waste water during smelting can influence electric furnace smelting, and the inhibitors are sprayed on the surface of the waste steel, so that the chlorine source is difficult to cut off effectively, and the generation of dioxin is reduced.
In patent document CN201911140071, a method and a system for utilizing the waste heat of flue gas of an electric furnace are disclosed, in which combustible components in the flue gas of the electric furnace are at least partially combusted to obtain high-temperature flue gas and dioxin-like substances in the flue gas are decomposed; sending the high-temperature flue gas into a waste heat boiler for waste heat recovery, and then discharging; the CO content in the flue gas of the electric furnace is not more than 5 percent, and the self-sustaining secondary combustion is difficult to improve the temperature of the flue gas to be more than 850 ℃ without the assistance of external energy sources so as to decompose dioxin at high temperature; in addition, because the flue gas contains a chlorine source and a carbon source, the high-temperature flue gas can generate dioxin secondarily after heat exchange and temperature reduction in the waste heat boiler, so that secondary pollution is caused; again, this document does not consider dioxin pollution of the secondary flue gas of the electric furnace.
Patent document CN 201910245549 is a direct evaporative cooling device for treating dioxin in electric furnaces, which adopts a heat-insulating flue as a flue gas channel and a combustion chamber, and an evaporative cooler as a quench tower and a settling chamber; the method consumes extra energy in secondary combustion and has high operation cost; the flow velocity of the flue gas of the quenching tower is 3-4 m/s, and the occupied area of equipment is large; meanwhile, the smoke temperature at the outlet of the quenching tower is difficult to control, and the dust removal effect of the bag dust remover is easily influenced due to the large water spraying amount.
Patent document CN 201910757859.X discloses a system and a method for reducing emission of dioxin in flue gas in a waste incineration process, in which an adsorbent is sprayed into a flue in front of an inlet of a high-temperature resistant filtering unit to realize adsorption of dioxin, and the adsorbent has low high-temperature adsorption efficiency and high low-temperature adsorption efficiency, so that the method has a problem in spraying position and cannot be widely applied.
The main sources of dioxin in electric furnaces in China are primary flue gas and secondary flue gas, the primary flue gas generally adopts a purification scheme of a heat insulation flue, a combustion settling chamber, a quenching waste heat boiler and a bag filter type dust remover, the secondary flue gas generally adopts a scheme of a dog house, a top gas collecting hood and a bag filter type dust remover, and the scheme cannot control the pollution problem of the dioxin; the technology of adopting a quenching spray tower, secondary combustion and catalyst decomposition has little engineering application due to high investment, high operation cost and great implementation difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a system and a method for controlling the dioxin suppression and cooperative adsorption of electric furnace flue gas.
The inventor researches and finds that ash slag generated in steel making and iron making has strong alkalinity and can be effectively combined with a chlorine source in smoke to form a stable chlorine-containing compound, so that the generation condition of dioxin is cut off; meanwhile, the waste carbon-based material can effectively increase the aperture and the specific surface area after pore-forming modification, thereby improving the capability of adsorbing dioxin.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: an electric furnace flue gas dioxin inhibition cooperative adsorption control system comprises a primary flue gas purification system and a secondary flue gas purification system, wherein the primary flue gas purification system comprises an electric furnace, a heat insulation flue, a combustion settling chamber, a waste heat boiler, a primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter and a chimney which are connected in sequence through flues; the secondary flue gas purification system comprises a dog house, a flue gas capture cover, a secondary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter and a chimney, wherein the flue gas capture cover is arranged at the top of the dog house, and the flue gas capture cover, the secondary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter and the chimney are connected in sequence through a flue; an inhibitor injection system is arranged between the electric furnace and the heat insulation flue; a primary flue gas adsorbent injection system is arranged between the primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter and the waste heat boiler; a secondary flue gas adsorbent injection system is arranged between the flue gas trapping cover and the ultra-clean bag filter.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the electric furnace is a hanging basket top feeding electric furnace, a horizontal feeding vestibule type scrap steel preheating electric furnace, a top feeding shaft type scrap steel preheating electric furnace or a composite type scrap steel preheating electric furnace.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter adopts a vertical top air inlet bag filter.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the secondary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter adopts a pre-charged bag filter.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the nozzle of the inhibitor injection system is positioned in the inlet flue of the heat insulation flue, and the nozzle of the primary flue gas adsorbent injection system is positioned in the inlet flue of the primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter; and a nozzle of the secondary flue gas adsorbent injection system is positioned in an inlet flue of the secondary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter.
An electric furnace flue gas dioxin inhibition cooperative adsorption control method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the electric furnace generates primary flue gas which is pumped out by the electric furnace body and reaches the waste heat boiler through the heat insulation flue and the combustion settling chamber, inhibitor is sprayed into the position of the flue at the inlet of the heat insulation flue by an inhibitor spraying system to combine with a chlorine source in the flue gas, and the flue gas after reaction enters a primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter;
step 2: spraying an adsorbent into a flue at the inlet of the primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter by a primary flue gas adsorbent spraying system, wherein the adsorbent can adsorb gaseous dioxin in flue gas, meanwhile, powder cakes on the surface of a filter bag of the primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter further adsorb and remove the gaseous dioxin, and finally, particulate matters such as an inhibitor, the adsorbent, fly ash and the like in the flue gas are filtered and separated by the ultra-clean filter bag and are discharged from a chimney after purification;
and step 3: the secondary flue gas of the electric furnace is collected by a dog house and a flue gas collecting cover at the top, the flue gas temperature is not more than 80 ℃, the flue gas reaches a secondary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter through the flue gas collecting cover and a flue, a secondary flue gas adsorbent injection system injects an adsorbent into the flue at the inlet of the secondary ultra-clean bag filter, the adsorbent and the surface powder cake of the secondary ultra-clean bag filter cooperatively adsorb and remove the gaseous dioxin, finally, the adsorbent containing the dioxin and the particulate matters of fly ash are filtered and separated by the secondary ultra-clean bag filter, and the purified flue gas is discharged from a chimney.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the inhibitor is alkaline fly ash generated in iron making and steel making or fly ash modified by alkaline solution.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the raw material of the adsorbent is waste carbon or a carbon-based material, the average pore diameter is 2-20 nm after pore-forming modification, the specific surface area of the screening is more than 700, and the particle size is more than 75 μm when 95%.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the suppressant of the suppressant injection system is fed into the flue with compressed air.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: the method has the advantages that the method is simple and easy to implement, small in occupied area, high in removal efficiency, low in investment and low in operation cost, and is suitable for efficiently purifying industrial flue gas dioxin and fine particulate matters such as waste steel smelting and burning.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a 100t conventional basket electric furnace flue gas dioxin suppression cooperative adsorption control system.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a system for controlling dioxin suppression and synergistic adsorption in flue gas of a 100t Consisti electric furnace.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a 100t quantum Di electric furnace flue gas dioxin suppression synergistic adsorption control system.
In the figure: 1-electric furnace, 2-dog house, 3-heat insulation flue, 4-combustion settling chamber, 5-waste heat boiler, 6-primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter, 7-chimney, 8-flue gas capture cover, 9-secondary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter, 10-inhibitor injection system, 11-primary flue gas adsorbent injection system, and 12-secondary flue gas adsorbent injection system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An electric furnace flue gas dioxin inhibition cooperative adsorption control system comprises a primary flue gas purification system and a secondary flue gas purification system, wherein the primary flue gas purification system comprises an electric furnace 1, a heat insulation flue 3, a combustion settling chamber 4, a waste heat boiler 5, a primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter 6 and a chimney 7 which are connected in sequence through flues; the secondary flue gas purification system comprises a dog house 2, a flue gas capture cover 8, a secondary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter 9 and a chimney 7, wherein the flue gas capture cover 8 is arranged at the top of the dog house 2, and the flue gas capture cover 8, the secondary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter 9 and the chimney 7 are sequentially connected through a flue; an inhibitor injection system 10 is arranged between the electric furnace 1 and the heat insulation flue 3; a primary flue gas adsorbent injection system 11 is arranged between the primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter 6 and the waste heat boiler 5; a secondary flue gas adsorbent injection system 12 is arranged between the flue gas trapping cover 8 and the ultra-clean bag filter 9.
The nozzle of the inhibitor injection system 10 is positioned in the inlet flue of the heat insulation flue 3, and the nozzle of the primary flue gas adsorbent injection system 11 is positioned in the inlet flue of the primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter 6; the nozzle of the secondary flue gas adsorbent injection system 12 is positioned in the inlet flue of the secondary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter 9; the sprayed adsorbent can effectively adsorb gaseous dioxin in the flue gas, and the concentration of the dioxin in the flue gas is controlled to be 0.1ng-TEQ/m3。
The primary flue gas dioxin generated by the electric furnace 1 is controlled by adopting a process of inhibiting firstly and then cooperatively adsorbing, and the secondary flue gas dioxin is controlled by adopting the tail end of an adsorption technology.
The primary flue gas inhibitor injection system 11 injects an inhibitor before the flue gas is cooled, and is used for blocking the problem of secondary generation of dioxin caused by the cooling of the flue gas; the inhibitor is input into the flue by adopting compressed air, and can be uniformly mixed with the flue gas in a short time.
The inhibitor is preferably alkaline fly ash generated in iron making and steel making or fly ash modified by alkaline solution, and the alkaline fly ash can be combined with a chlorine source in flue gas so as to cut off a secondary generation path of dioxin.
The adsorbent is input into the flue by adopting compressed air, and can be uniformly mixed with flue gas in a short time.
The adsorbent is prepared from waste carbon or carbon-based materials, the average pore diameter is 2-20 nm after pore-forming modification, materials with the specific surface area larger than 700 and the particle size of 95% larger than 75 microns are screened, and the adsorbent can efficiently adsorb macromolecular dioxin.
The primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter 6 adopts a vertical top air inlet bag filter, has the effects of strong field adaptability of the vertical air inlet bag filter, good air flow distribution and low pressure drop operation, can reduce the volume by 20 percent compared with the traditional dust remover, and can reduce the steel consumption by at least more than 20 percent.
The secondary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter 9 adopts a pre-charged bag filter, and has the functions of being capable of adapting to million-level large-air-volume dust removal, high in dust removal efficiency and low in running resistance.
The filter bags of the primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter 6 and the secondary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter 9 preferentially adopt PM2.5 superfine surface layer gradient filter materials, efficiently filter and separate inhibitors, dioxin-containing adsorbents and fly ash particles, and simultaneously the filter bags can further adsorb and remove gaseous dioxin in flue gas because powder cakes with certain thickness are formed on the surfaces of the filter bags after PM2.5 grade particles are filtered.
The electric furnace 1 is a hanging basket top feeding electric furnace, a horizontal feeding vestibule type scrap steel preheating electric furnace, a top feeding shaft type scrap steel preheating electric furnace or a composite type scrap steel preheating electric furnace; the inhibition synergistic adsorption process can be suitable for controlling the pollution of dioxin generated in primary flue gas and secondary flue gas discharged by electric furnaces of different forms.
Referring to fig. 1, taking a 100t basket electric furnace as an example, scrap steel is fed into the electric furnace 1 from the top of the electric furnace 1 through a basket ladle, primary flue gas generated by smelting the electric furnace 1 is pumped out through a fourth hole, the temperature of the primary flue gas is as high as 1000-1200 ℃, the flue gas reaches a combustion settling chamber 4 through an insulating flue 3, steel-making dust with larger particles is removed through the settling chamber, then the flue gas enters a waste heat boiler 5, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 200 ℃ from 1000 ℃ after heat exchange, and steam generated by the waste heat boiler can be used for power generation.
As shown in fig. 2, taking a 100t constanta electric furnace as an example, the scrap steel is conveyed to a preheating gallery of the constanta electric furnace through a conveying belt, in the preheating gallery, the scrap steel is preheated by high-temperature flue gas generated by smelting the electric furnace 1, the temperature of the preheated scrap steel can reach 500 ℃, and the preheated scrap steel enters the electric furnace 1 through the conveying belt for smelting; primary flue gas generated by smelting in the electric furnace 1 is extracted through a preheating gallery, the temperature of the primary flue gas is as high as 1000-1200 ℃, the flue gas reaches a combustion settling chamber 4 through an insulating flue 3, steel-making dust with large particles is removed through the settling chamber, then the flue gas enters a waste heat boiler 5, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 200 ℃ after heat exchange from 1000 ℃, and steam generated by the waste heat boiler 5 can be used for power generation.
As shown in fig. 3, taking a 100t quantum electric furnace as an example, scrap steel is conveyed into a vertical shaft at the top of the quantum electric furnace through a hoisting machine, high-temperature flue gas is input into the vertical shaft through an exhaust fan to preheat the scrap steel, the temperature of the scrap steel can reach 600 ℃, and the preheated scrap steel vertically falls into the electric furnace 1 for smelting; primary flue gas generated by smelting in the electric furnace 1 is pumped out through the heat insulation flues 3 at two sides, the temperature of the primary flue gas is about 600 ℃, the flue gas reaches the combustion settling chamber 4 through the heat insulation flues 3, steel-making dust with larger particles is removed through the settling chamber, then the flue gas enters the waste heat boiler 5, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 200 ℃ after heat exchange from 600 ℃, and steam generated by the waste heat boiler 5 can be used for power generation.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, an inhibitor injection system 10 injects an inhibitor into an insulated flue 3, and the inhibitor and a chlorine source in flue gas form stable chloride so as to effectively cut off the secondary synthesis of dioxin in a waste heat boiler; then the flue gas enters a vertical top air inlet bag filter, an adsorbent is sprayed in a flue at the inlet of the bag filter, the adsorbent can adsorb the gaseous dioxin in the flue gas, and meanwhile, the powder cake on the surface of a filter bag of the bag filter further adsorbs and removes the gaseous dioxin, and finally, the flue gas enters a vertical top air inlet bag filterThe inhibitor, the adsorbent and the fly ash in the final flue gas are filtered and separated by an ultra-clean filter bag, so that the synergistic and efficient control of the inhibition and the adsorption of the dioxin in the primary flue gas is realized, and the emission concentration of the particulate matters in the primary flue gas is less than 5mg/Nm3The discharge concentration of dioxin is less than 0.1ng-TEQ/m3。
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, an electric furnace 1 can generate explosive secondary flue gas in an oxygen blowing stage, the flue gas is generally leaked into the environment from a scrap adding opening, an electric furnace gap, an electric furnace steel tapping hole, an electrode gap and the like, the flue gas is collected by a dog house 2 and a flue gas collecting cover 8 at the top, the smoke temperature of the secondary flue gas is generally not more than 80 ℃, the flue gas reaches a pre-charged bag filter through the flue gas collecting cover 8 and a flue, an adsorbent is sprayed in the flue at the inlet of the bag filter, the adsorbent and a powder cake on the surface of the bag filter cooperatively adsorb and remove dioxin gas, and finally the adsorbent and fly ash rich in dioxin are filtered and separated by a super-clean filter bag, at the moment, the emission concentration of particulate matters of secondary flue gas pollutants is less than 5mg/Nm3The discharge concentration of dioxin is less than 0.1ng-TEQ/m3。
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the details of the above embodiments, and any modifications and substitutions within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An electric furnace flue gas dioxin inhibition cooperative adsorption control system comprises a primary flue gas purification system and a secondary flue gas purification system, wherein the primary flue gas purification system comprises an electric furnace (1), a heat insulation flue (3), a combustion settling chamber (4), a waste heat boiler (5), a primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter (6) and a chimney (7), and the flues are connected in sequence; the secondary flue gas purification system comprises a dog house (2), a flue gas capture cover (8), a secondary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter (9) and a chimney (7), wherein the flue gas capture cover (8) is arranged at the top of the dog house (2), and the flue gas capture cover (8), the secondary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter (9) and the chimney (7) are sequentially connected through a flue; it is characterized in that an inhibitor injection system (10) is arranged between the electric furnace (1) and the heat insulation flue (3); a primary flue gas adsorbent injection system (11) is arranged between the primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter (6) and the waste heat boiler (5); a secondary flue gas adsorbent injection system (12) is arranged between the flue gas trapping cover (8) and the ultra-clean bag filter (9).
2. The system for controlling the dioxin suppression and cooperative adsorption in flue gas of electric furnaces according to claim 1, wherein the electric furnace (1) is a basket top-feed electric furnace, a horizontal-feed vestibule type scrap preheating electric furnace, a top-feed shaft type scrap preheating electric furnace or a composite type scrap preheating electric furnace.
3. The electric furnace flue gas dioxin suppression cooperative adsorption control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter (6) adopts a vertical top air intake bag filter.
4. The electric furnace flue gas dioxin suppression cooperative adsorption control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter (9) adopts a pre-charged bag filter.
5. The electric furnace flue gas dioxin suppression cooperative adsorption control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle of the inhibitor injection system (10) is located in the inlet flue of the heat insulation flue (3), and the nozzle of the primary flue gas adsorbent injection system (11) is located in the inlet flue of the primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter (6); the nozzle of the secondary flue gas adsorbent injection system (12) is positioned in the inlet flue of the secondary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter (9).
6. The electric furnace flue gas dioxin suppression cooperative adsorption control method adopting the system in any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: primary flue gas generated by the electric furnace (1) is extracted from the electric furnace body, and reaches a waste heat boiler (5) through an insulating flue (3) and a combustion settling chamber (4), an inhibitor is sprayed into an inlet flue of the insulating flue (3) by an inhibitor spraying system (10) to combine with a chlorine source in the flue gas, and the flue gas after reaction enters a primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter (6);
step 2: spraying an adsorbent into a flue at the inlet of the primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter (6) by a primary flue gas adsorbent spraying system (11), wherein the adsorbent can adsorb gaseous dioxin in flue gas, meanwhile, powder cakes on the surface of a filter bag of the primary flue gas ultra-clean bag filter (6) further adsorb and remove the gaseous dioxin, finally, particulate matters such as an inhibitor, the adsorbent, fly ash and the like in the flue gas are filtered and separated by the ultra-clean filter bag, and the purified particulate matters are discharged from a chimney (7);
and step 3: the secondary flue gas of the electric furnace (1) is collected by a dog house (2) and a flue gas collecting cover (8) at the top, the flue gas temperature is not more than 80 ℃, the flue gas reaches a secondary ultra-clean bag filter (9) through the flue gas collecting cover (8) and a flue, a secondary flue gas adsorbent injection system (12) injects an adsorbent into the flue at the inlet of the secondary ultra-clean bag filter (9), the adsorbent and a powder cake on the surface of the secondary ultra-clean bag filter (9) cooperatively adsorb and remove gaseous dioxin, finally, the adsorbent containing the dioxin and particulate matters of fly ash are filtered and separated through the secondary ultra-clean bag filter (9), and the purified flue gas is discharged from a chimney (7).
7. The electric furnace flue gas dioxin suppression cooperative adsorption control method according to claim 6, characterized in that the inhibitor is alkaline fly ash produced in iron making and steel making or fly ash modified by alkaline solution.
8. The electric furnace flue gas dioxin suppression synergistic adsorption control method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the adsorbent raw material is waste carbon or carbon-based material, the average pore diameter after pore-forming modification is 2-20 nm, the screening specific surface area is greater than 700, and the particle size 95% is greater than 75 μm.
9. The electric furnace flue gas dioxin suppression cooperative adsorption control method according to claim 6, characterized in that the suppressant of the suppressant injection system (10) is fed into the flue by compressed air.
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| CN114692434A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-07-01 | 河北科技大学 | Grading method and device for preheating scrap steel, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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