CN114194243A - Electromagnetic guiding and braking integrated device - Google Patents

Electromagnetic guiding and braking integrated device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114194243A
CN114194243A CN202111468817.8A CN202111468817A CN114194243A CN 114194243 A CN114194243 A CN 114194243A CN 202111468817 A CN202111468817 A CN 202111468817A CN 114194243 A CN114194243 A CN 114194243A
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China
Prior art keywords
braking
track
permanent magnet
magnet module
brake
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CN202111468817.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114194243B (en
Inventor
段家珩
史黎明
李耀华
王培龙
徐炜钰
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Institute of Electrical Engineering of CAS
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Institute of Electrical Engineering of CAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F9/00—Rail vehicles characterised by means for preventing derailing, e.g. by use of guide wheels
    • B61F9/005—Rail vehicles characterised by means for preventing derailing, e.g. by use of guide wheels by use of non-mechanical means, e.g. acoustic or electromagnetic devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L13/00—Electric propulsion for monorail vehicles, suspension vehicles or rack railways; Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
    • B60L13/04—Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/28—Eddy-current braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromagnetic guiding and braking integrated device, which mainly comprises a permanent magnet module, a mechanical braking slide block, a hydraulic push rod, a vehicle-mounted hydraulic pump station and a guiding and braking track, wherein when the device runs at a guiding section, the permanent magnet module has a fixed air gap between the permanent magnet module and the guiding track under the limitation of the hydraulic rod and a spring, and a guiding force generated by an eddy current effect between the permanent magnet module and a reaction plate arranged on the guiding track restricts the transverse movement of the device; when the device runs in the braking section, the hydraulic rod pushes the permanent magnet module and the mechanical braking slide block covered on the surface of the magnetic field, the mechanical braking slide block clamps the guide and braking track to decelerate the vehicle body, and the braking force is gradually increased along with the reduction of the speed. The device realizes the integration of the guiding function and the braking function, has simple system and high-speed operation safety, and can be used for a high-acceleration and fast-braking system.

Description

Electromagnetic guiding and braking integrated device
Technical Field
The invention relates to a magnetic suspension device, in particular to an electromagnetic guiding and braking integrated device which can be applied to guiding and braking of vehicles in the field of high-speed transportation.
Background
High-speed electromagnetic driving technology generally refers to that a small-weight driving body is accelerated from zero to have an appreciable running speed in a short time by utilizing the electromagnetic relation between objects with magnetic and electric conduction characteristics, and the process can be completed within one second or even tens of milliseconds. High-speed electromagnetic drive generally adopts long stator linear drive system to realize, compares in traditional mechanical type or steam drive, and electromagnetic drive's energy utilization is higher, has controllable simultaneously, energy release advantage such as fast. Besides the driving technology, a supporting system of the vehicle body in the linear electromagnetic driving is also a key factor for ensuring the driving success rate. In terms of contact, the supporting manner of the car body includes several categories, including mechanical supporting system, air-float guide system and magnetic suspension system. The mechanical support system utilizes wheel rails or skids, large friction force exists between a vehicle body and the rails, and the support body is seriously worn; the air-float guide rail has the problems of low suspension efficiency, unstable support and the like. In summary, the ejection mode related to the present invention is mainly based on a magnetic suspension mode, that is, the device of the present invention is mainly applied to a driving scheme implemented based on an electromagnetic support principle.
For the patents related to the application background, reference may be made to 202110062770.9 high-speed linear electromagnetic propulsion and electromagnetic braking system, 201910842738.5 electromagnetic launching device, and WO 2021/012729 a1 aerospace launching system and method based on electromagnetic propulsion; besides, there are 200580001059.1 magnetic suspension train with eddy current brake, 200780042933.5 magnetic suspension railway and its running method.
In the electromagnetic driving system generally adopting the magnetic suspension scheme, a guiding system and a suspension system are combined into a whole, or the guiding system is arranged independently, the former may have the problem of coupling between the guiding system and the suspension system, and the latter increases the complexity of the system. The invention provides a hybrid brake device with a guide function in the field of electromagnetic driving, and when a driving body runs in an acceleration stage, the device plays a role of a guide mechanism by utilizing an electric repulsion type suspension principle; when the driving body is in a braking state, the device can play a role of mechanical and electromagnetic hybrid braking, and has higher braking efficiency compared with the existing single braking mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electromagnetic guiding and braking integrated device which has guiding and braking functions simultaneously and aims to combine two functions in an electromagnetic driving system, which are effective in different operation stages, so as to achieve the purpose of simplifying the system.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an electromagnetic guiding and braking integrated device comprises a vehicle body, a permanent magnet module, a mechanical braking slider, a hydraulic spring push rod, a vehicle-mounted hydraulic pump station, a guiding and braking track and a track foundation, wherein the permanent magnet module, the mechanical braking slider, the hydraulic spring push rod and the vehicle-mounted hydraulic pump station are mounted on the vehicle body;
the two groups of permanent magnet modules are respectively positioned on two sides of the vehicle body and are fixedly arranged in the sleeve;
one side of the mechanical braking sliding block is arranged on one side of the permanent magnet module with a strong magnetic field and is rigidly connected with the sleeve, and the other side of the mechanical braking sliding block is arranged opposite to the guide and braking track;
the hydraulic spring push rod is connected with the other side of the permanent magnet module, can push the permanent magnet module to move back and forth, and plays a role in adjusting a gap between the mechanical brake sliding block and the guide and brake track.
Furthermore, the permanent magnet module consists of permanent magnet blocks arranged in a Halbach mode, and the sleeve is made of a conductive and non-conductive material; and a heat insulation layer is arranged on one side of the sleeve connected with the mechanical brake sliding block.
Furthermore, the heat insulation layer is made of asbestos materials.
Furthermore, the mechanical brake sliding block is made of a graphite block or a wear copper plate, and the mechanical brake sliding block is rigidly connected with the sleeve through a bolt or a rivet.
Further, the guiding and braking track is divided into three sections: the first section is a guide section track, the body of the guide section track is a non-magnetic and non-conductive structural member, and a metal reaction plate made of a conductive and non-magnetic material is laid on the surface of the track facing the mechanical brake sliding block; the second section is a braking section track, which is laid in parallel with the guiding section track along the running direction, a metal plate with good magnetic conductivity is laid on the inner layer of the upper part of the braking section track, a metal reaction plate made of conductive and non-conductive materials is laid on the outer layer of the upper part of the braking section track, and a friction-resistant track surface with magnetic conductivity is installed on the lower part of the braking section track, and the friction-resistant track surface slightly protrudes out of the metal reaction plate on the upper part of the braking track by several millimeters in the transverse direction, so that a mechanical braking slide block is ensured to be in contact with the friction-resistant track surface for friction braking during mechanical braking; the third section is a separation section track, the body of the separation section track is a non-magnetic and non-conductive structural member, and when the operation process is finished, the vehicle body moves to the separation section and retracts, so that the vehicle body can smoothly return to the initial position.
Furthermore, the hydraulic spring push rod mainly comprises a spring, a piston push rod, a front chamber, a rear chamber, a first oil inlet and outlet and a second oil inlet and outlet; one end of the piston push rod is connected with the spring, and the other end of the piston push rod is connected with the permanent magnet module; the front cavity and the rear cavity are respectively communicated with a first oil inlet and a second oil outlet;
when the integrated device is positioned on the guide section track, the hydraulic spring push rod ensures that a certain gap exists between the permanent magnet module and the guide section track, so that the permanent magnet module plays a role of generating guide restoring force, and when the integrated device is positioned on the brake section track, the hydraulic spring push rod pushes the permanent magnet module and the brake slider, and meanwhile, the permanent magnet module and a metal plate on the upper part of the brake section track or a magnetic conductive metal friction-resistant track surface on the lower part of the brake section track attract each other, so that the brake slider and the brake section track are in contact friction braking with each other.
Further, on-vehicle hydraulic power unit is by the running state control its action of on-vehicle computer control system according to the automobile body, on-vehicle hydraulic power unit through first oil inlet and outlet pipeline and second oil inlet and outlet pipeline respectively with hydraulic spring push rod's first oil inlet and outlet, second oil inlet and outlet are connected to reach control through control business turn over hydraulic oil volume hydraulic spring push rod promotes the purpose of permanent magnet module.
In order to integrate the guiding, electromagnetic braking and mechanical braking functions in an electromagnetic driving system into the same device, the scheme provided by the invention is characterized in that an exciting magnet in the repulsion electrodynamic suspension principle is used as a braking magnet, and a braking slide block is arranged outside the magnet, so that two electromagnetic-mechanical braking modes can be activated simultaneously.
The main difference between the operation of the device in the guiding mode and the braking mode of the invention is also the mechanical clearance between the exciter body and the track, except for the operating state of the vehicle and the position of the track. Therefore, the adjustment of the mechanical clearance by the control command in time is the key point in the device system of the invention. The actuating device for controlling the position of the magnet is preferably realized by adopting a hydraulic spring push rod, and the purpose of controlling the mechanical clearance between the exciting body and the track is achieved by controlling the oil inlet and outlet amount of a small hydraulic pump station arranged on the carrier vehicle body to the hydraulic push rod.
The exciter body is made of a permanent magnet material, preferably a hard magnetic material with high coercive force such as neodymium iron boron, and the magnetizing arrangement of the magnet preferably adopts a Halbach array form capable of enhancing the magnetic field density on one side of the exciter body. The permanent magnet array is fixed in a sleeve made of high-strength material, the sleeve is preferably made of high-strength material and can effectively insulate heat, and the strong magnetic side of the exciter body is covered and installed with a mechanical brake slider.
The brake block is made of materials which can be used for the mechanical braking requirement of the car body, preferably a friction body made of materials with high strength and large friction coefficient with a brake rail, such as a graphite block, a wear copper plate and the like, and when the brake block and the brake slide rail are in direct mechanical contact and are subjected to normal pressure applied by each other, enough friction force can be generated to achieve the purpose of mechanical braking.
The working process of the device is as follows:
when the carrying vehicle body runs on the guide track section, the vehicle-mounted hydraulic control system ensures that a push rod position enables a certain mechanical gap to exist between the excitation magnet and the mechanical brake slide block and the guide track, because of the eddy effect existing between the excitation magnet and the reaction plate installed on the guide track and the differential action of the excitation magnet arranged on two sides of the vehicle body, when the carrying vehicle body deviates transversely in the accelerating running process, the small air gap side generates more transverse force than the large air gap side, and the vehicle body can be pushed back to the centering position by the integrally expressed transverse force, so that the guide function is realized.
When the delivery automobile body moves to the braking track section, promote the push rod by hydraulic controller and make excitation magnet and brake block action and carry the braking track, simultaneously because the braking track adopts layered structure, set up the magnetic conduction board with the even adjacent side in reaction rail surface promptly, because the reason of magnetism short circuit can make and produce magnetic attraction between excitation magnet and the magnetic conduction board, can alleviate the pressure that the transverse force that produces because the eddy current effect brought the hydraulic push rod in the braking process to a certain extent. Once the brake shoes grip the brake rail, friction is generated between the brake shoes and the slide rail, and in addition, a reluctance force is also present between the exciter mass and the reaction plate, which constitute the braking force to which the vehicle body is subjected during braking.
When the carrier vehicle body is completely stopped, the carrier vehicle body needs to be pulled back to the driving initial position by using the tractor so as to carry out the next traction work. At the moment, if the vehicle body still stays on the brake track and the situation that the brake magnet and the sliding block clamp the track occurs, due to the magnetic attraction between the magnetic steel and the layered track, the push rod is difficult to recover, the carrier vehicle can be firstly pulled to the third part of the track, namely, the carrier vehicle is separated from the track section, and the magnetic conduction layer is removed from the separated track section, so that the pull rod can be easily retracted to enable an air gap to be formed between the brake block and the guide/brake track again, and then the carrier vehicle can be easily pulled back to the initial position to perform next traction preparation work.
The running state of the device in all the section processes is realized by a train-mounted guiding/braking controller, and the controller receives the speed and position information of the carrier vehicle body in real time, judges that the device works in the guiding/braking state according to the speed and position information and controls the action of the hydraulic push rod.
The invention realizes the integration of the guiding and braking functions, and has simple system and high-speed operation safety.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of an electromagnetic guiding and braking integrated device according to the present invention in a guiding operation state;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the electromagnetic guiding and braking integrated device according to the present invention in a braking operation state;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a segmented component of the guidance/braking track;
fig. 4(a) is a schematic diagram of a guiding stage track structure, fig. 4(b) is a schematic diagram of a braking stage track structure, and fig. 4(c) is a schematic diagram of a disengaging stage track structure;
FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) are the position and force relationship between the magnet and the brake shoe and the track, respectively, in two different operating states, wherein FIG. 5(a) depicts the force condition when the inventive device is operating in the guiding state, and FIG. 5(b) depicts the force condition when the inventive device is operating in the braking state;
fig. 6 is a characteristic curve of the magnetic resistance force exerted on the vehicle body when the excitation permanent magnet performs a guiding function (large air gap) and a braking function (small air gap).
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to the attached drawings 1 and 2, the electromagnetic guiding and braking integrated device for a magnetic levitation catapulting system provided by the invention essentially utilizes the principle of electrodynamic repulsion suspension, when an excitation body and a guiding reaction track in the device have a large air gap and the excitation body moves at a high speed, the repulsion force generated by an eddy current effect can play a guiding role, and at the moment, the magnetic resistance force is smaller; when there is a small air gap between the exciter mass and the guide reaction rail, the eddy current effect generates a strong reluctance force acting as a braking force.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the general structure of the device of the present invention includes: the device comprises a carrying vehicle body 1, a vehicle-mounted permanent magnet module x0, a magnetic steel sleeve x2, a mechanical brake slider x10, a heat insulation layer x11, a guide and brake track x20, a track foundation x50, a hydraulic spring push rod x30 and a vehicle-mounted hydraulic pump station x 40.
The vehicle-mounted permanent magnet module x0 is preferably made of permanent magnet steel with high coercive force, the magnetic steel forming an excitation body is fixedly installed in a sleeve x2, in order to strengthen the magnetic field intensity on the track side, a Halbach array magnetizing mode is preferably adopted for a single piece of magnetic steel x1 in the module x0, and structural parameters such as the number of blocks, the magnetizing angle, the number of pole pairs and the like of the excitation magnet can be designed according to the highest braking speed of a train.
The mechanical brake slider x10 is installed on the strong magnetic side of the exciter and fixed with the magnetic steel sleeve x2 as a brake clip, the sleeve x2 is preferably made of a material with high mechanical strength, conductivity and non-permeability, a heat insulation layer x11 is arranged on the side, connected with the mechanical brake slider x10, of the sleeve x2, and the material is made of a material with good heat insulation performance such as asbestos, so that demagnetization of the permanent magnet caused by high temperature of an eddy current effect is prevented.
The guide and brake track x20 is arranged at a position right opposite to the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet module x0, and a gap exists between the guide and brake track x20 and the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet module x0 when the guide and brake track is in a guide function; when in the braking function, there is mechanical contact between the two. The rail foundation x50 is installed behind the guide and brake rail x20 and serves to support the guide and brake rail x 20.
The main structure of the hydraulic spring push rod x30 comprises a spring x301, a piston push rod x302, a front chamber x303, a rear chamber x304, a first oil inlet and outlet port x305, a first oil inlet and outlet port x306 and the like, wherein the hydraulic spring push rod x30 is connected with a magnet module, can push a magnet to move back and forth, and plays a role in adjusting the gap between a vehicle-mounted permanent magnet module x0 and a mechanical brake slider x10 and a guide brake track x 20. The piston push rod x302 controls the relative position between the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet module x0 and the mechanical brake slider x10 and the guide and brake tracks through specific action commands. When the vehicle-mounted hydraulic pump station receives an instruction, the pump station exchanges hydraulic oil circulation with a first oil inlet and outlet x305 and a first oil inlet and outlet x306 of a hydraulic spring push rod x30 through a first oil inlet and outlet pipeline x405 and a second oil inlet and outlet pipeline x406 respectively, so that the hydraulic oil quantity and the corresponding pressure in a front cavity x303 and a rear cavity x304 can be respectively adjusted, and the effects of pushing/retracting the piston push rod x302 and resetting/compressing the spring x301 are achieved.
With reference to fig. 3 and fig. 4(a) and 4(b), the guiding and braking tracks are divided into three parts according to the function, and the process of the device working in different phases can be described as follows:
referring to fig. 4(a), the track body of the guide section track x21 includes a structural member x210 that is magnetically and electrically non-conductive, and a metal reaction plate x211 that is made of an electrically and magnetically non-conductive material and is laid along the track surface. The guided phase process is described as: and starting a driving process, wherein the carrier vehicle body 1 starts to run in a guide functional section x21 at ultrahigh acceleration under the driving of external force, the hydraulic spring push rod x30 is controlled by a vehicle-mounted pump station x40 during guiding, so that the pressure in a front cavity x303 is greater than that in a rear cavity x304, the spring x301 is in a compressed state, the piston push rod x302 is in a retracted state, and a guide air gap exists between the magnetic steel sleeve x2 and a guide section track. According to the electric suspension principle, when the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet module x0 and the metal reaction plate x211 have relative movement speed, magnetic resistance force and transverse force exist between the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet module x0 and the metal reaction plate x211 due to the effect of eddy current effect, and the transverse force generated by the exciting bodies on two sides can play a guiding function under the differential action.
Referring to fig. 4(b), a metal plate x220 with good magnetic permeability is laid on the upper portion of the brake segment track x22 along the running direction at the inner layer, a metal reaction plate x221 made of an electric-conducting and non-magnetic-conducting material is laid on the outer layer, a friction-resistant track surface x222 with magnetic permeability is installed on the lower portion of the brake segment track, and the friction-resistant track surface x222 protrudes a few millimeters slightly in the transverse direction than the metal reaction plate x221 on the upper portion of the brake track, so that the mechanical brake slider x10 is in contact with the friction-resistant track surface x222 on the lower portion of the brake track during mechanical braking to perform friction braking. The braking phase process is described as: after the carrier vehicle body reaches a preset running speed, the carrier vehicle body starts to enter a braking function section, at the moment, the hydraulic spring push rod x30 is controlled by a vehicle-mounted pump station, so that the pressure in the front cavity x303 is smaller than that in the rear cavity x304, the spring x301 gradually recovers to push out the piston push rod x302, and the mechanical brake slide block x10 is in mechanical contact with a brake track. At the moment, the friction force caused by the clamping pressure between the sliding block and the braking rail and the magnetic resistance force between the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet module x0 and the guide rail x20 are mutually superposed, so that the device can play a braking role.
In the brake track segment x22, it can be seen that in this example, the anti-friction track surface x222 and the metal reaction plate x221 both face the surface of the mechanical brake slider x10, but the width and thickness of the anti-friction track surface x222 are different from those of the metal reaction plate x 221. When the vehicle body enters a braking stage, an attractive force is generated between the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet module x0 and the metal plate x220 and between the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet module x222, a part of a repulsive force generated by an eddy current effect between the metal reaction plate x221 and the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet module x0 can be counteracted, the load of the hydraulic spring push rod x30 is reduced, and the contact process between the mechanical brake slider x10 and a brake rail is shortened.
Referring to fig. 4(c), the third segment is a disengagement segment track x23, and the track body is a non-conductive and non-conductive structural member x 230. The disengagement phase process is described as: if the vehicle body is still in the brake track section after being completely parked, magnetic attraction force exists between the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet module x0 and the magnetic conductive metal fixed track in the brake track, namely the metal plate x220, and the attraction force can be larger and difficult to retract by using the hydraulic spring push rod if the thickness of the mechanical brake slider x10 is smaller. At the moment, the carrier vehicle body can be pulled into the separation track section by a tractor or under the driving of external force, the track in the separation track section can be made of non-magnetic-conductive materials, the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet module x0 and the mechanical brake slider x10 can be easily retracted, and then the vehicle body is pulled back to the initial point to prepare for the next traction operation.
Referring to fig. 5(a), when the vehicle body is in the guiding running state, the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet modules x0 are respectively subjected to the pushing force F of the spring x301sHydraulic force FhTransverse force F due to vortex flow in guide section structure x210gAnd magnetic drag force Fd. The resultant force in the y direction of the coordinate system is:
Fy＝Fh+Fg-Fs (1)
in the formula FyI.e. a unilateral guiding force. Magnetic resistance force F in output force characteristic due to electric suspensiondWill increase and then decrease with increasing operating speed, while the transverse force F will increasegThe magnetic resistance is small and cannot bring excessive burden to a driving system when the vehicle body runs under the driving condition of high speed or even ultra high speed; meanwhile, the guiding force and the guiding rigidity determine that the carrier vehicle body is more suitable for running in a high-speed environment.
Referring to fig. 5(b), when the vehicle body is in the braking operation state, the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet modules x0 are subjected to hydraulic thrust F, respectivelyhTransverse forces F due to eddy currentsgMagnetic attraction force F between the permanent magnet module x0 and the magnetic metal track, i.e. metal plate x220, friction-resistant track x222mAnd a magnetic resistance force F generated with the reaction track, i.e. the metal reaction plate x221dFrictional force Fb. The resultant force in the y direction of the coordinate system is:
Fy＝Fh+Fm-Fg (2)
let the coefficient of friction between the mechanical brake slide x10 and the guide-and-brake track x20 be μsThen frictional force FbComprises the following steps:
Fd＝μsFy (3)
the braking force of the single vehicle-mounted permanent magnet module x0 and the mechanical braking slider x10 along the x direction of the coordinate axis is as follows:
Fx＝Fd+Fb (4)
the transverse force F caused by eddy effect is reduced along with the running speed of the vehicle body in the braking processgWill gradually decrease while the reluctance force FdWill gradually increase, so that the hydraulic push rod output F is required to be carried out at the initial stage of brakinghThe larger value is kept to ensure sufficient friction braking force, and after the speed of the vehicle body is gradually reduced, the hydraulic thrust can be reduced, and the device can also output stable braking force until the vehicle is completely stopped.
Referring to fig. 6, it can be seen that, in the situation that the magnetic resistance force exerted on the train varies with the running speed in the non-running environment, firstly, the characteristics of the magnetic resistance force exerted on the train body are basically the same no matter the excitation permanent magnet is in the guiding function state or the braking function state, that is: the magnetic resistance force caused by the eddy current is increased to reach a peak value and then gradually reduced to be stable. It can be seen from fig. 6 that the difference of the reluctance force characteristics in the two operating states is the difference of the peak reluctance force and the stable reluctance force at high speed, and when a small air gap exists between the excitation body and the track, the reluctance force applied to the vehicle body is far smaller than the reluctance force generated under the large air gap. This difference allows the device proposed in the present invention to function as a guide without adding too much load to the drive system, and to function as a brake with greater braking action of the detent force.
The foregoing detailed description of the exemplary embodiments is provided to illustrate some of the relevant principles of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the scope of the invention is not limited to this exemplary embodiment. All possible alternative and modified embodiments according to the above description are considered to fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides an electromagnetism direction and braking integrated device which characterized in that:
the integrated device comprises a vehicle body, a permanent magnet module, a mechanical brake sliding block, a hydraulic spring push rod, a vehicle-mounted hydraulic pump station, a guide and brake track and a track foundation, wherein the permanent magnet module, the mechanical brake sliding block, the hydraulic spring push rod and the vehicle-mounted hydraulic pump station are arranged on the vehicle body;
the two groups of permanent magnet modules are respectively positioned on two sides of the vehicle body and are fixedly arranged in the sleeve;
one side of the mechanical braking sliding block is arranged on one side of the permanent magnet module with a strong magnetic field and is rigidly connected with the sleeve, and the other side of the mechanical braking sliding block is arranged opposite to the guide and braking track;
the hydraulic spring push rod is connected with the other side of the permanent magnet module, can push the permanent magnet module to move back and forth, and plays a role in adjusting a gap between the mechanical brake sliding block and the guide and brake track.
2. An electromagnetic steering and braking integrated apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the permanent magnet module consists of permanent magnet blocks arranged in a Halbach mode, and the sleeve is made of a conductive and non-conductive material; and a heat insulation layer is arranged on one side of the sleeve connected with the mechanical brake sliding block.
3. An electromagnetic steering and braking integrated apparatus according to claim 2, wherein:
the heat insulation layer is made of asbestos materials.
4. An electromagnetic steering and braking integrated apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the mechanical brake sliding block is made of a graphite block or a wear copper plate, and the mechanical brake sliding block is rigidly connected with the sleeve through a bolt or a rivet.
5. An electromagnetic steering and braking integrated apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the guiding and braking track is divided into three sections: the first section is a guide section track, the body of the guide section track is a non-magnetic and non-conductive structural member, and a metal reaction plate made of a conductive and non-magnetic material is laid on the surface of the track facing the mechanical brake sliding block; the second section is a braking section track, which is laid in parallel with the guiding section track along the running direction, a metal plate with good magnetic conductivity is laid on the inner layer of the upper part of the braking section track, a metal reaction plate made of conductive and non-conductive materials is laid on the outer layer of the upper part of the braking section track, and a friction-resistant track surface with magnetic conductivity is installed on the lower part of the braking section track, and the friction-resistant track surface slightly protrudes out of the metal reaction plate on the upper part of the braking track by several millimeters in the transverse direction, so that a mechanical braking slide block is ensured to be in contact with the friction-resistant track surface for friction braking during mechanical braking; the third section is a separation section track, the body of the separation section track is a non-magnetic and non-conductive structural member, and when the operation process is finished, the vehicle body moves to the separation section and retracts, so that the vehicle body can smoothly return to the initial position.
6. An electromagnetic steering and braking integrated apparatus according to claim 5, wherein:
the hydraulic spring push rod mainly comprises a spring, a piston push rod, a front cavity, a rear cavity, a first oil inlet and outlet and a second oil inlet and outlet; one end of the piston push rod is connected with the spring, and the other end of the piston push rod is connected with the permanent magnet module; the front cavity and the rear cavity are respectively communicated with a first oil inlet and a second oil outlet;
when the integrated device is positioned on the guide section track, the hydraulic spring push rod ensures that a certain gap exists between the permanent magnet module and the guide section track, so that the permanent magnet module plays a role of generating guide restoring force, and when the integrated device is positioned on the brake section track, the hydraulic spring push rod pushes the permanent magnet module and the brake slider, and meanwhile, the permanent magnet module and a metal plate on the upper part of the brake section track or a magnetic conductive metal friction-resistant track surface on the lower part of the brake section track attract each other, so that the brake slider and the brake section track are in contact friction braking with each other.
7. An electromagnetic steering and braking integrated apparatus according to claim 6, wherein:
the vehicle-mounted hydraulic pump station is controlled to move by a vehicle-mounted computer control system according to the running state of the vehicle body, and is respectively connected with a first oil inlet and outlet and a second oil inlet and outlet of the hydraulic spring push rod through a first oil inlet and outlet pipeline and a second oil inlet and outlet pipeline, and the purpose of pushing the permanent magnet module by the hydraulic spring push rod is achieved by controlling the amount of the hydraulic oil to enter and exit.
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CN111267629A (en) * 2020-03-23 2020-06-12 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 Integrated electromagnet and magnetic-levitation train
CN111907336A (en) * 2019-05-09 2020-11-10 株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司 Eddy current brake, control device of eddy current brake and magnetic suspension train
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1842431A (en) * 2004-03-19 2006-10-04 蒂森克鲁伯快速运输有限公司 Magnetic levitation train mounted with vortex brake
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