Automobile electronic mechanical braking system and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to an automobile braking system technology, in particular to an automobile electronic mechanical braking system and a control method thereof.
Background
Conventional braking systems are mature in technology and are used by most automobiles. However, the structure is complex, the control precision is low, and the problems of large braking noise and the like are difficult to solve. With the continuous development of science and technology, people put higher demands on the braking system of the automobile. An electro-hydraulic brake system and an electro-mechanical brake system are emerging and widely applied to electric automobiles.
Currently, electro-mechanical braking systems perform more optimally than electro-hydraulic braking systems. However, the existing electromechanical brake system technology is not mature, and most electromechanical brake systems still have the problems of complex structure, low brake precision, poor compatibility, slow pressure building and the like. The development of the electromechanical braking system with simple structure, rapid pressure build, high braking precision, small braking noise, energy conservation and environmental protection, thereby meeting the market demand, and having great significance.
The piezoelectric brake actuator of the vehicle electromechanical brake system disclosed in China patent publication No. CN103486163A applies the deformation of the electroceramic to provide braking force, so that the structure of the brake is simplified and the braking efficiency is improved. However, the device still has the defects of complex structure, inaccurate control precision, long pressure building time and the like, and the problems of the traditional electromechanical braking system are not fundamentally solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems, the invention provides the automobile electronic mechanical brake system and the control method thereof, which can realize the functions of quick pressure establishment, small brake noise, accurate brake pressure adjustment and the like, and enrich the application of the electronic mechanical brake system in the aspect of automobile braking.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows:
the electronic mechanical brake system for the automobile and the control method thereof comprise a first brake caliper body, a second brake caliper body, a first return spring, a second return spring, an electromagnet, a fixed electromagnet, an armature, an electromagnet, a guide rod, a support lever, a shell, a brake friction block and a piston sealing ring. The brake caliper body I, the brake caliper body II and one end close to the brake disc are provided with brake friction blocks, and a piston sealing ring is arranged between the brake caliper body II and the shell. The first return spring is sleeved on the moving electromagnet and is abutted with the moving magnet and the shell, and a locking hole is formed in the outer surface of the moving magnet. Coil windings are arranged in the movable magnet and the fixed magnet, and electric brushes are arranged on the outer surfaces of the movable magnet and the fixed magnet, and the electric brushes are connected with a conductive chute on the shell. The center positions of the surfaces of the electrokinetic magnet and the fixed electromagnet are provided with guide holes, and the electrokinetic magnet and the fixed electromagnet are sleeved on the guide rod. The support lever is installed on the support base, and the support base is fixedly installed on the shell. The electromagnet and the armature are both arranged inside the shell. After the electric motor is electrified, the electric magnet and the fixed electromagnet are attracted mutually, and the electric motor drives the brake caliper body connected with the electric motor to move so that the brake friction block contacts the brake disc to brake; meanwhile, the second brake caliper body on the right side of the brake disc drives the upper end of the supporting lever to move along with the second brake caliper body, so that the lower end of the supporting lever pushes the second brake caliper body on the right side of the brake disc to move towards the brake disc, and the brake friction block is in contact with the brake disc to brake. When the power is off, the first brake caliper body and the second brake caliper body are reset under the action of the first return spring, the second return spring and the piston sealing ring, so that the brake friction blocks on the left side and the right side are separated from the brake disc to stop braking. When the parking brake is performed, the electromagnet and the fixed electromagnet are electrified, so that the brake friction blocks at the left side and the right side are tightly attached to the brake disc, and the electromagnet is powered off, so that the armature enters the locking hole on the outer surface of the electromagnet, and the parking brake function is realized.
Further, the rear end of the shell is provided with a binding post, and the binding post is connected with a conductive chute on the inner surface of the shell and an electromagnet in the shell through a wire inside the shell.
Furthermore, the shell is provided with a heat dissipation device, so that the working temperature of the electromagnet can be kept within the normal working temperature range.
Furthermore, the two ends of the supporting lever are in cylindrical design and always contact with two phases of the brake caliper body in the working process.
Furthermore, the top end of the guide rod is provided with an anti-collision block, so that parts can be protected in the braking process, and braking noise is reduced.
Further, the electric control water removing device is arranged on the brake disc, so that the water recession phenomenon can be effectively prevented.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can control the brake caliper bodies at two sides of the brake disc to brake by using one set of electromagnet, can avoid the defects of complex structure, complicated parts, slow pressure building and the like of the motor type brake actuating mechanism, greatly reduces the brake noise and improves the control precision of the brake. When braking is needed and a driver does not make a braking instruction, the invention can actively control the brake, thereby ensuring the safety of vehicles and passengers.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural view of the present invention at the time of braking.
Fig. 3 is a structural view of an electromagnet according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of the fixed electromagnet of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a partial structural view of the housing of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a structural view of the support lever of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a braking schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a control schematic diagram of the ECU of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the brake caliper comprises a brake caliper body I, a brake magnet II, a motor 201, a brush 202, a guide hole 3, a magnet, a armature 4, a fixed magnet 5, a brush 501, a guide hole 502, a binding post 6, a guide rod 7, an anti-collision block 8, a locking hole 9, a return spring I, a piston seal ring 11, a support base 13, a support lever 14, a housing 1401, a conductive chute 15, a brake caliper body II, a return spring II, a piston seal ring 17, a brake friction block 18 and a brake disc 19.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent actual structures or true proportions of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention, an electromechanical brake system, comprising a first brake caliper body 1 and a second brake caliper body 15, a housing 14, a first return spring 10, a second return spring 16, an electromagnet 3, an armature 4, an electromagnet 2, a fixed electromagnet 5, a guide rod 7, a binding post 6, a support lever 13, and a support base 12;
a part of the first brake caliper body 1 and a part of the second brake caliper body 15 are arranged in the shell 14, and the first brake caliper body 1 is connected with the electromagnet 2. The first return spring 10 is sleeved on the electromagnet 2 and is abutted against the shell 14; the second return spring 16 is sleeved on the second brake caliper body 15 and is abutted against the shell 14. The electromagnet 2 is slidably arranged on the guide rod 7, and the fixed electromagnet 5 is fixedly arranged on the guide rod 7. The electromagnet 2 and the fixed electromagnet 5 are both arranged in the shell 14. The terminal 6 is mounted on the housing 14 and is connected to the conductive runner 1401 on the inner surface of the housing and the electromagnet 3 inside the housing by wires inside the housing 14. The supporting lever 13 is fixedly arranged in the shell 14 through the supporting base 12, the upper end of the supporting lever 13 is contacted with the first brake caliper body 1, and the lower end of the supporting lever 13 is contacted with the second brake caliper body 15.
Fig. 3 and 4 are schematic structural views of an electromagnet and a fixed electromagnet, respectively. The surface of the electromagnet 2 is provided with a locking hole 9, the diameter of the locking hole 9 is larger than that of the armature 4, and the armature 4 can fall into the locking hole 9 to lock the electromagnet 2. The outer surfaces of the electromagnet 2 and the fixed electromagnet 5 are respectively provided with a brush 201 and a brush 501, and the brush 201 and the brush 501 slide in a conductive sliding groove 1401 on the inner surface of the shell 14. The moving magnet 2 and the fixed electromagnet 5 are respectively provided with a guide hole 202 and a guide hole 502, the moving magnet 2 is slidably arranged on the guide rod 7 through the guide hole 202, and the fixed electromagnet 5 is fixedly arranged on the guide rod 7 through the guide hole 502.
The working principle of the invention is described below with reference to fig. 2:
in the braking process, the binding post 6 is connected with current, the current is transmitted into the conductive sliding groove 1401 on the inner surface of the shell 14 through a wire inside the shell 14, the electric brush 201 on the outer surface of the electromagnet 2 and the electric brush 501 on the outer surface of the fixed electromagnet 5 are in contact with the conductive sliding groove 1401, so that the electromagnet 2 and the fixed electromagnet 5 are electrified to generate an electromagnetic field, and the electromagnet 2 and the fixed electromagnet 5 are attracted to each other. The electromagnet 2 slides on the guide rod 7 to drive the brake caliper body 1 to move towards the fixed electromagnet 5 against the elastic force of the return spring 10, so that the brake friction block 18 is tightly attached to the brake disc 19 to carry out friction braking. In the braking process, the upper end of the supporting lever 13 is driven to move in the same direction together in the moving process of the first brake caliper body 1, so that the lower end of the supporting lever 13 moves reversely, and the second brake caliper body 15 is pushed to move towards the brake disc 19 against the elastic force of the second return spring 16, so that the brake friction block 18 is tightly attached to the brake disc 19 to carry out friction braking. In the braking process, the electromagnet 3 is electrified to attract the armature 4, so that the armature 4 is ensured not to fall into the locking hole 9. The suction force between the electromagnet 2 and the fixed electromagnet 5 is controlled by controlling the magnitude of the current, so as to control the displacement of the first brake caliper body 1 and the second brake caliper body 15, and further control the magnitude of the braking force of the brake; the braking frequency is controlled by controlling the on-off of the current, so that the braking performance and the braking efficiency of the brake are improved.
When stopping braking, the binding post 6 is not connected with current, and the magnetism of the electromagnet 2 and the fixed electromagnet 5 is disappeared. The electromagnet 2 and the fixed electromagnet 5 are not attracted to each other any more, the piston sealing ring 11 and the return spring 10 push the brake caliper body 1 and the electromagnet 2 to be far away from the fixed electromagnet 5, and the brake caliper body 1 drives the brake friction block 18 to be away from the brake disc 19 to stop braking. The upper end of the supporting lever 13 loses thrust in the returning process of the first brake caliper body 1, and the piston sealing ring 17 and the return spring 16 push the second brake caliper body 15 to be far away from the brake disc 19, so that the brake friction block 18 is separated from the brake disc 19 to stop braking. In the stopping process, the electromagnet 3 is electrified to attract the armature 4, so that the armature 4 is ensured not to fall into the locking hole. After braking is finished, in the returning process of the first brake caliper body 1 and the second brake caliper body 15, the piston sealing ring 11 and the piston sealing ring 17 arranged in the shell 14 can automatically adjust an overlarge braking gap generated by abrasion in the braking process.
During parking braking, the binding post 6 is firstly connected with current to enable the brake to brake, and the brake disc 19 is clamped. Then, the electromagnet 3 is stopped, and the armature 4 is moved into the locking hole 9 of the electromagnet 2 by the attractive force of the electromagnet 2 to the armature 4, thereby locking the electromagnet 2. The power supply to the electromagnet 2 and the fixed electromagnet 5 is then stopped.
The following describes, with reference to fig. 7 and 8, different braking control methods implemented by the present invention when the vehicle encounters various conditions.
When the automobile encounters a signal lamp at an intersection and needs to brake, if a driver actively changes a gear to press a brake pedal, a brake pedal position change signal generated by a brake pedal position sensor is transmitted to the ECU, and a signal lamp state receiver generates a signal lamp change signal and transmits the signal lamp change signal to the ECU as an auxiliary signal. The ECU processes the signals to generate braking signals, synthesizes the wheel speeds, generates secondary electric signals for preventing the wheel from locking, and outputs the secondary electric signals for braking. When the automobile is stopped, a brake pedal position change signal is generated by a brake pedal position sensor and transmitted to the ECU, and a signal for stopping braking is generated by a signal processor in the ECU. When in parking braking, a driver pulls the hand brake. If the driver does not press the brake pedal to brake, a signal lamp change signal is generated through a signal lamp state receiver, and an object distance signal generated by an object position sensor around the automobile is transmitted to the ECU as a main signal. The signal is processed in the ECU to produce a brake signal. When the automobile is stopped, the wheel rotation speed signal generated by the wheel rotation speed sensor is transmitted to the ECU, and a signal for stopping braking is generated by a signal processor in the ECU. And then transmitting the signal lamp change signal generated by the signal lamp state receiver and the wheel rotation speed signal generated by the wheel rotation speed sensor to the ECU, and generating a parking brake signal through a signal processor in the ECU.
When the distance between the object around the automobile and the automobile is smaller than the safe distance in the advancing or reversing process of the automobile, if a driver actively takes braking measures, braking is carried out according to the intention of the driver, and an object distance signal generated by the position sensor and a wheel rotating speed signal generated by the wheel rotating speed sensor are used as auxiliary signals to be transmitted to the ECU. The ECU processes the signals to generate braking signals, and then synthesizes the wheel speeds to brake. If the driver does not actively take braking measures, the object distance signal generated by the position sensor and the wheel rotating speed signal generated by the wheel rotating speed sensor are used as main signals to be transmitted to the ECU. The ECU processes the signal to generate a braking signal for braking.