CN114193021A - Aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire and intelligent preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire and intelligent preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy welding materials, and relates to an aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire and an intelligent preparation method thereof. The aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: silicon Si: 4.5-7.0 wt%; strontium Sr: 0.005-0.05 wt%; titanium Ti: 0.005-1.20 wt%; b, boron B: 0.0005 to 0.05 wt%; beryllium Be: 0.0001-0.001 wt%; magnesium Mg: 0.001 to 0.15 wt%; copper Cu: 0.001 to 0.5 wt%, the balance being aluminum and inevitable impurity elements; the content of inevitable impurity elements is less than 0.5 wt%. The aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire has excellent properties in the aspects of casting property of welding wire materials, mechanical property of the welding wire, welding quality and the like of the whole alloy prepared by controlling components and the content of each component through an advanced intelligent preparation technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy welding wires, and relates to an aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire and an intelligent preparation method thereof.
Background
With the policy of our country's industrial structure optimization and upgrade pace acceleration and energy saving and consumption reduction, the urgent needs of lightweight in the industries such as high-speed rail, automobile, rail transit, pressure vessel, ship engineering, petrochemical industry, aerospace, military industry and the like are brought, and the demand of aluminum manufacturing products is rapidly increased, so the demand of high-performance aluminum and aluminum-based alloy welding wire products (hereinafter referred to as aluminum welding wires) is rapidly increased. However, due to the limitation of late industrial start and weak foundation in China, the high-end aluminum welding wire is completely monopolized by manufacturers in several countries of developed markets in Europe and America under the current economic situation, and the development of related industries in China is seriously hindered. The domestic aluminum alloy falls behind the processes of raw material smelting and brightening surface treatment, only low-end aluminum welding wires can be produced at present, the aluminum welding wires are used for welding in the aspects of non-key structures and high performance, and the welding and manufacturing requirements of high-end equipment cannot be met.
In the application process of light weight, aluminum products mainly appear in the form of plate strips, a large amount of welding operation is required in the application process, and at present, the aluminum alloy welding mainly adopts inert gas shielded arc welding. Inert gas shielded arc welding is an arc welding technique using an inert gas as a shielding medium; in order to meet the welding requirements of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, stainless steel and the like, gas shielded arc welding has been developed in the three, four and ten years of the last century. Inert gas arc welding is classified into tungsten inert gas welding (TIG welding) and metal inert gas welding (MIG welding). With the development of aluminum alloy application, higher requirements are placed on the welding strength, automation and stability of the aluminum alloy inert gas shielded arc welding.
Aluminum alloy welding materials (aluminum alloy welding wires) are the key of aluminum and aluminum alloy inert gas shielded arc welding, and high-quality aluminum welding wires are required for obtaining excellent welding quality. The preparation of the aluminum welding wire needs to have an optimized component design and an optimized preparation process design. At present, the domestic welding wire can not meet the requirement of the high-end aluminum welding wire market, and the high-end aluminum welding wire market is occupied by foreign brands. Compared with imported welding wires, domestic welding wires have the defects of low strength of welded seams, large splashing, more internal air holes and impurities, poor stability of the welding wires, poor surface quality and the like.
At present, 4XXX series aluminum-silicon alloy is mainly adopted to prepare welding wires, the welding wires have the characteristics of low melting point, good fluidity and the like, the welding wires are mainly applied to industries such as automobile parts, bicycles, new energy automobiles and the like, the typical mark is ER4043, the problems of low welding strength, thick welding seam structures and the like exist in the using process of the traditional mark aluminum welding wires, the strength of the welding seams is improved by adding Cu elements, and Mn and Sr are added to refine crystal grains of the welding wires in China, for example, patent CN105331856A, but the performance of the prepared welding wires can not meet the requirements of high-end products.
The domestic aluminum welding wire is prepared by the following two processes:
smelting → horizontal continuous casting phi 9.5 → drawing (including multiple annealing) → finished product;
smelting → semi-continuous casting → extrusion phi 9.5 → wire drawing (including multi-pass annealing) → finished product;
when the process is adopted for producing the aluminum welding wire, firstly, effective melt treatment cannot be carried out, and the wire has more inclusions and high hydrogen content, so that the defects of pores, inclusions and the like of a welding line during welding are caused, and the welding quality is influenced; secondly, the phi 9.5 female rod produced by the process is an as-cast structure, the casting defects in the female rod are more, such as large granular compounds, looseness, holes and the like, and the casting defects of the female rod are not eliminated only through multi-pass stretching, and the defects can affect the welding process and the quality of a welding seam. Therefore, the process can only produce low-end aluminum welding wires.
When the aluminum welding wire is produced by adopting the process II, the weight of each coil of the mother rod is not more than 100Kg under the influence of the length of an extruded cast ingot, each coil of the wire needs to be connected together before subsequent stretching, and excessive welding points not only consume time, but also have the difference between the performance of wire joints and the performance of the wire, influence the overall consistency of the wire and are not suitable for batch welding wire production.
The foreign aluminum welding wire is generally manufactured by the following method: smelting → continuous casting and rolling phi 9.5 → wire drawing (including multiple annealing) → finished product.
By adopting the process, the phi 9.5 mother rod which is heavy in package and uniform and fine in structure can be obtained, so that the finished product of the aluminum welding wire with higher and more stable quality can be further obtained. Related continuous casting and rolling processes are also researched in China, such as patent CN 106244861A. However, the specification of the mother rod after hot rolling is phi 9.5mm, the specification of a common welding wire is phi 1.2mm, the subsequent processing flow is long, and meanwhile, the mother rod with the specification of phi 9.5mm needs to be rolled, a high-power rolling mill and a casting wheel with a larger diameter are needed, and the equipment investment of the whole product line is large.
In the preparation process of the aluminum welding wire, various alloys need to be added in the smelting process, the addition amount of the alloys is usually calculated by stokehold personnel through experience, and the alloys are added into a smelting furnace. The process depends on the experience of personnel for a long time, the component fluctuation between different teams and batches is large, meanwhile, the whole process of batching and feeding is manually participated, once the personnel calculate the error or feed the error, the whole furnace is scrapped, and the harmfulness to the production and the quality is great. With the continuous expansion of the application scenes of high-end aluminum alloy welding materials, the requirements of customers on the performance stability and consistency of the materials are continuously improved, more and more manufacturers realize the influence of the accurate control of components on the product quality, and optimize the welding materials in various aspects. The practice of different manufacturers is slightly different, but the following three methods are generally adopted in summary:
one is optimization of the criteria. Usually, the use effect is pursued by welding wire customers, and the components only need to meet the national standard and do not give special requirements. In order to achieve stability between batches, manufacturers can set own enterprise standards on the basis of national standards. The standards of each enterprise vary depending on the equipment, process, detection capability and operation level, and sometimes economic factors are considered, for example, some precious metals that must be added will be set to a lower limit range, and some cheap metals will be set to an upper limit control.
Secondly, computer-aided calculation is adopted. When the aluminum alloy is smelted, a plurality of elements are required to be added, and once the elements are added, the elements cannot be removed, so that the adding amount of each material needs to be accurately calculated before the alloy is added. The calculation is not complicated, but the added materials are more, so that the materials can be added in batches, the manual calculation is only needed, and even if a person with special skills rechecks, the error is easy to make. If the addition amount is more, dilution is needed, and the quality risk exists when the dilution is not carried out for the whole heat; if the addition amount is less, the addition amount needs to be added, and the production efficiency is influenced. Therefore, many manufacturers introduce computer-aided calculation, and operators only need to complete sampling work according to requirements and input the analysis result into a computer, so that the addition of each material can be automatically calculated, and the problem that manual calculation is prone to errors is reduced.
And thirdly, performing regional management and identification management on the materials. The furnace charge management is the key point of each aluminum alloy smelting manufacturer, and particularly, in the production process of high-end aluminum alloy welding wires, more materials are used, and the high-end aluminum alloy welding wires have scrap returns with different brands and various intermediate alloys. In order to avoid material mixing, enterprises generally adopt manual carrying and ground stacking to stack materials, perform regional management according to the materials, and distinguish various materials by using different color marks. This kind of traditional way, area is big, space utilization is low, civil engineering occupies storage cost height, artifical intensity of labour is big, the potential safety hazard is high, material turnover rate is low, production efficiency is low, degree of automation is low, adopt traditional manual management mode moreover, can not master inventory information in real time for raw materials transfer response ability is poor, transfer cycle length, intelligent information management degree is low, artifical transport error rate is high, and transport many times, cause the cost such as manpower land to live high. Even if the large manpower and material resources are input, the occurrence of material mixing cannot be completely avoided, and the input-output income ratio is not proportional to the severity.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire and the intelligent preparation method thereof, the high-performance aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron welding wire with high welding line strength and uniform and fine welding line tissue is obtained, and the intelligent production of the aluminum welding wire is realized by adopting automatic batching and automatic feeding, casting and alloying.
One purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
silicon: 4.5-7.0 wt%; strontium: 0.005-0.05 wt%; titanium: 0.005-1.20 wt%; boron: 0.0005 to 0.05 wt%; beryllium: 0.0001-0.001 wt%; magnesium: 0.001 to 0.15 wt%; copper: 0.001 to 0.5 wt%, the balance being aluminum and inevitable impurity elements; the content of inevitable impurity elements is less than 0.5 wt%.
The invention refines the crystal grains by adding Sr and B: sr can spheroidize acicular eutectic silicon, and prevent Si particles in the AlSi alloy from growing, thereby playing a role in refining grains; b can form TiB particles with Ti, and the TiB particles serve as crystal nuclei to promote the internal nucleation of the liquid metal during the solidification process of the aluminum melt to form fine crystal grains.
The trace amount of simple substance Cu added in the invention can promote impurity Fe in solute to generate Cu2FeAl6The method reduces the crack sensitivity of Fe to the alloy in the casting process, reduces the rolling stress in the rolling process, widens the hot working temperature range of the alloy, ensures that the rolling is more stable, can also improve the mechanical property of the alloy material, and improves the weld strength in the final welding process.
The invention adds trace Be element in the alloy. Generally, the more the types of alloying elements are, the poorer the compactness of an oxide layer in the smelting process is, which can lead to the continuous burning loss of various elements before casting and forming, and finally cause the content of the elements in the material to be not in accordance with the designed value. After Be is added, the element is more active and can preferentially react with aluminum liquid to form a more compact oxide layer, so that the influence of other elements on the structure of the oxide layer is protected, and the burning loss of the material is reduced.
The invention can play the roles of improving the strength and refining the crystal grains by adding a certain amount of Ti element. On one hand, Ti and B react to generate TiB phase which plays a role in refining grains, and on the other hand, the residual Ti forms Al3Ti phase can improve the strength of the alloy.
According to the invention, by adding a small amount of Mg element, the strength is improved: mg forms Mg in AlSi alloy2Si phase, which plays a certain role of refining crystal grains and simultaneously dispersed Mg2The Si particles can block dislocation movement and improve the deformation resistance of the alloy.
The welding wire manufactured by the invention is remelted and resolidified to form a weld joint structure during welding application, wherein Ti, B and Mg elements adopted in the welding wire preferentially form a second phase in the resolidification process and are dispersed and distributed in a weld joint melt to be used as crystal nuclei to promote the internal nucleation of liquid metal in a weld joint, so that the welding wire has the effect of refining weld joint structure grains. According to the design of the chemical components of the alloy, the Ti, B and Mg elements added during alloying smelting are verified by the research and welding application of the final welding wire product, and the metal compounds generated by the three elements can properly increase the viscosity of the melt, improve the splashing phenomenon during aluminum alloy welding and improve the quality of welding seams.
The elements added in the invention do not play an isolated role, but influence each other, and the formed alloy has excellent performance in the aspects of alloy mechanical property, casting property, grain refinement, welding quality and the like by controlling the components and the content of each component of the welding wire.
Preferably, the mass percentage of inevitable impurity elements is 0.5 wt% or less. The impurity elements include: less than or equal to 0.020 wt% of Pb, less than or equal to 0.015 wt% of Sb, less than or equal to 0.015 wt% of Bi, less than or equal to 0.015 wt% of Te, less than or equal to 0.015 wt% of S, less than or equal to 0.025 wt% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.015 wt% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.010 wt% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.005 wt% of Ba, less than or equal to 0.005 wt% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.005 wt% of P, less than or equal to 0.015 wt% of Ga, less than or equal to 0.015 wt% of V, less than or equal to 0.005 wt% of Ce, less than or equal to 0.0005 wt% of Li, less than or equal to 0.0015 wt% of Na, and less than or equal to 0.0030 wt% of Ca. Preferably, Li + Na + Ca is 0.0030 wt%.
The other purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an intelligent preparation method of an aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire comprises the following steps:
s1, automatic material storage and automatic material preparation;
s2, smelting: putting an aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace to be melted into aluminum liquid, guiding the aluminum liquid into a heat preservation furnace, then sending the intermediate alloy into the heat preservation furnace, stirring, refining, slagging off, sampling and inspecting;
s3, casting: when the temperature of aluminum alloy liquid is 720-800 ℃, the heat preservation furnace tilts, aluminum liquid in the furnace sequentially flows into a degassing box, a filtering box and a large casting ladle, the large casting ladle is lifted at the beginning, when the temperature of molten metal reaches 670-750 ℃, the large casting ladle is put down, a buoy is put in, casting is started, and the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the small casting ladle is kept at 660-740 ℃, so that a casting blank is obtained;
s4, rolling: controlling the temperature of a casting blank before rolling to be maintained at 320-500 ℃, and quenching after rolling to control the temperature of the aluminum rod to be below 150 ℃ to obtain a female rod;
s5, carrying out plastic processing on the female rod to obtain a bus; carrying out secondary plastic processing after the multi-stage annealing treatment of the bus to obtain a blank before the welding wire is formed; and peeling the blank before the welding wire is formed, and then subpackaging to obtain the aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire.
Preferably, the automatic material storing and automatic material preparing steps comprise:
(1) warehousing raw materials: manually pressing a button of the conveying line to call an empty tray; putting the materials to be warehoused on a mother tray of a warehousing opening; manually selecting material information at a PDA terminal, scanning the number of a mother tray, clicking 'confirmation of stock entry', and finishing the binding of warehousing and grouping trays; manually pressing a button of a conveying line, and conveying the material to a code reading position by the conveying line for appearance detection; the appearance is unqualified in detection, returned to a warehousing port, and warehoused again after manual treatment; the appearance is detected to be qualified, the product is conveyed to a weighing station to be weighed, the weight is bound to a tray number by a system, and warehousing is requested;
(2) material storage: after the shape of the material is detected to be qualified, the WCS (storage control system) system receives the warehousing information and allocates a proper warehouse position according to the material information; after the warehouse location is locked, the stacker finishes taking materials from the material inlet and sends the materials to the distributed warehouse location; after the material warehousing is finished, binding material information and warehouse location information and recording the material information and the warehouse location information into a WCS (warehousing control system) system; a WCS (storage control system) system schedules the stacker to put on the shelf and automatically fills empty trays to a storage port;
(3) intelligently taking materials: after receiving a material taking instruction, a WCS (storage control system) system dispatches a stacker to convey materials in a warehouse to a cache station; after the cache station receives a material use instruction of the production line, the movable manipulator moves the material to a corresponding material temporary storage position and places the required material in a feeding frame; the AGV trolley is responsible for conveying the materials in the feeding frame to the cache region for temporary placement;
(4) intelligent feeding: after the production line sends and throws the material demand, by AGV dolly with the material from the buffer memory according to route and the calling sequence of setting for, transport the material to the production line in proper order.
(5) Automatic feeding: and after the furnace platform receives the material receiving information sent by the production line, starting the feeding device, sequentially feeding the materials to the specified positions in the hearth, and implementing automatic stirring.
All raw materials used for production, including aluminum ingots, intermediate alloys, scrap returns and the like, are stored in a stereoscopic warehouse shelf (vertical warehouse), and the raw materials are stored in the vertical warehouse through the steps of raw material warehousing and material storage. And after receiving a material taking instruction, conveying the raw materials to a production line through the steps of intelligent material taking and intelligent material feeding.
The invention realizes the functions of storage, transportation and feeding automation of alloying raw materials by industrial automation control and combination of computer information and monitoring management, and really realizes real-time visualization of dynamic data of materials, automation of material storage and material taking and material delivery and ordering according to system instructions.
Preferably, in the step S2, the temperature of the molten aluminum is controlled to be 690-800 ℃.
Preferably, in the step S3, the wire feeding machine is started in the casting process, and Al-Ti-B wires (3-6% of Ti, 0.1-1% of B, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements) are fed at a wire feeding speed of 5-100 cm/min.
Preferably, the parent rod diameter of step S4 is Φ 3.5 to Φ 8.5 mm.
Preferably, the generatrix diameter of step S5 is Φ 1.8 to Φ 4.5 mm.
Preferably, the multi-stage annealing process of step S5 is: heating to 160-480 ℃ within 0.5-5 h, preserving heat for 1.5-15 h at 160-480 ℃, then cooling to 80-110 ℃ within 2-10 h, and finally air-cooling to room temperature.
Preferably, the diameter of the aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire is 0.8-4.0 mm, the tensile strength is 100-250 MPa, and the strength of the welded joint after cladding is not less than 0.60 times of the strength of the welding wire.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. sr and B elements are added into the alloy to refine grains; the trace Cu element is added, so that the alloy has crack sensitivity in the casting process by Fe, the rolling is more stable, and the mechanical property and the weld strength of the alloy are improved; the added Be element can reduce the burning loss of the material; ti element is added to refine crystal grains and form a reinforcing phase, so that the alloy strength is improved; addition of Mg element can form Mg2The Si phase plays a role in refining grains and a role in blocking dislocation movement, and the deformation resistance of the alloy is improved.
2. The welding wire simultaneously contains a proper amount of Ti, B and Mg elements, the Ti, B and Mg elements are remelted and resolidified during welding application to preferentially form a second phase, and are dispersed and distributed in a weld melt to be used as crystal nuclei to promote the nucleation inside liquid metal in a weld, so that the welding wire has the effect of refining weld structure grains; and the metal compounds generated by the three elements can properly increase the viscosity of the melt, improve the splashing phenomenon during the welding of the aluminum alloy and improve the quality of the welding seam.
3. The aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: silicon: 4.5-7.0 wt%; strontium: 0.005-0.05 wt%; titanium: 0.005-1.20 wt%; boron: 0.0005 to 0.05 wt%; beryllium: 0.0001-0.001 wt%; magnesium: 0.001 to 0.15 wt%; copper: 0.001 to 0.5 wt%, the balance being aluminum and inevitable impurity elements; the content of inevitable impurity elements is less than 0.5 wt%. By controlling the components and the content of each component of the welding wire, the formed alloy has excellent properties in the aspects of alloy mechanical property, casting property, grain refinement, welding quality and the like.
4. According to the design of the invention, the product relates to about 8 kinds of materials, if the materials are arranged in different regions according to a common stock yard form and are managed by a special person, a large warehouse and turnover space is occupied, after an intelligent three-dimensional warehouse shelf is adopted, the area of the warehouse is reduced to more than 50% of the traditional area, and meanwhile, the WCS (warehouse control system) system is adopted for management, so that the mixed use of different materials with the same form is avoided, and the malignant quality accident caused by the mixed use of the materials is avoided.
5. According to the invention, after the intelligent vertical warehouse stacking system and the AGV logistics intelligent conveying system are adopted, the transmission of production information does not need to wait, calculation work and material conveying execution can be completed while information is acquired, the smelting waiting time is greatly shortened, and the adopted intelligent batching and feeding system can greatly reduce batching time, reduce element burning loss and reduce gas consumption.
6. The process method combining automatic feeding and stirring overcomes the problems of unfixed position and poor stirring uniformity during manual feeding, and simultaneously, the feeding is accompanied with timely stirring every time, so that the alloy components in the furnace are more uniform.
7. The intelligent material taking, feeding and throwing system adopted by the invention furthest reduces the influence of external interference factors on the stability of the product quality, avoids quality accidents caused by material mixing, and realizes accurate calculation of the materials, so that the consistency of the product performance of different batches is maximized, and the product quality is more stable.
8. According to the intelligent preparation method of the aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire, provided by the invention, the processes of intelligent material taking, feeding and stirring are adopted, and then continuous casting and continuous rolling are carried out, so that the labor intensity of workers can be greatly reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the manufacturing cost of the aluminum alloy welding wire material is reduced; on the other hand, the aluminum alloy welding wire produced according to the intelligent process has the advantages of stable performance, stable welding process, stable welding forming, high welding seam quality, less splashing and low porosity, and is suitable for batch industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the texture of a product made according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of the product manufacturing process designed by the present invention.
In fig. 1, 1: an Al matrix; 2: si; 3: al (Al)4Sr；4：Al3Ti；5：Mg2Si；6：Ti2B。
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described and illustrated below by specific examples, it should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to be specific limitations of the present invention. The raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are those commonly used in the art, and the methods used in the examples are those conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
silicon: 4.6 wt%; strontium: 0.01 wt%; titanium: 0.018 wt%; boron: 0.001 wt%; beryllium: 0.0005 wt%; magnesium: 0.008 wt%; copper: 0.03 wt%; the balance being aluminum and inevitable impurity elements.
The aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire is prepared by the following steps:
s1, automatic material storage and automatic material preparation; (1) warehousing raw materials: manually pressing a button of the conveying line to call an empty tray; putting the materials to be warehoused on a mother tray of a warehousing opening; manually selecting material information (the material information comprises a material number, a product form, a supplier and the like) at the PDA terminal, scanning the number of the mother tray, clicking 'confirmation of entering the warehouse', and finishing the binding of warehousing and grouping trays; manually pressing a button of a conveying line, and conveying the material to a code reading position by the conveying line for appearance detection; the appearance is unqualified in detection, returned to a warehousing port, and warehoused again after manual treatment; the appearance is detected to be qualified, the product is conveyed to a weighing station to be weighed, the weight is bound to a tray number by a system, and warehousing is requested;
(2) material storage: after the shape of the material is detected to be qualified, the WCS (storage control system) system receives the warehousing information, and the WCS (storage control system) system distributes proper warehouse positions according to the material information; after the warehouse location is locked, the stacker finishes taking materials from the material inlet and sends the materials to the distributed warehouse location; after the material warehousing is finished, binding material information and warehouse location information and recording the material information and the warehouse location information into a WCS (warehousing control system) system; a WCS (storage control system) system schedules the stacker to put on the shelf and automatically fills empty trays to a storage port;
(3) intelligently taking materials: after receiving a material taking instruction, a WCS (storage control system) system dispatches a stacker to convey materials in a warehouse to a cache station; after the cache station receives a material use instruction of the production line, the movable manipulator moves the material to a corresponding material temporary storage position and places the required material in a feeding frame; the AGV trolley is responsible for conveying the materials in the feeding frame to the cache region for temporary placement;
(4) intelligent feeding: after the production line sends a feeding demand, the AGV trolley conveys the materials to the production line from the cache area in sequence according to a set route and a set calling sequence;
s2, smelting: the AGV trolley conveys an aluminum ingot with the brand number of Al99.7 to the side of a smelting furnace, an aluminum pad is put into the smelting furnace to be melted into aluminum liquid, the temperature of the aluminum liquid is controlled to be 780 ℃, the AGV trolley conveys intermediate alloy materials to a heat preservation furnace, the aluminum liquid is guided into the heat preservation furnace, after the aluminum liquid is put well, the intermediate alloy materials are conveyed into the heat preservation furnace, and meanwhile, the aluminum liquid is stirred; after stirring, nitrogen is adopted for powder injection refining, powder injection refining agents are filled into a powder injection refiner tank, an air source is opened, a refining pipe is introduced into the furnace, mobile blowing type powder injection refining is carried out, the powder discharge speed is controlled, the refining time is 45min, bubbles cannot be too large during refining, violent reaction of aluminum alloy liquid is avoided, and the condition that the alloy liquid is slightly boiled is suitable; after refining, a slag removing tool is used for removing slag, when the slag is removed, internal floating slag in the furnace is firstly removed to a furnace door opening and is gathered at the furnace door opening for a little stay, the floating slag is removed from a slag tray outside the furnace after a few minutes of sedimentation, and when the slag is removed from the furnace door, the slag is slowly moved so as to avoid taking molten aluminum in the furnace out of the furnace; and after slagging off is finished, sampling by using a test sample, and rapidly analyzing the content of the alloy liquid by using a spectrum analyzer in a sample sending quality part, wherein the system can carry out component adjustment according to a sample result and give a material transportation instruction to an automatic batching system.
S3, casting: when the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 750 ℃, the holding furnace tilts, the aluminum liquid in the furnace sequentially flows into a degassing box, a filter box and a large casting ladle, the large casting ladle is lifted at the beginning so that the initial metal can be discharged into an aluminum discharging box from a discharging groove, the large casting ladle is put down when the temperature of the metal liquid reaches 680 ℃, a buoy is put in for starting casting, the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the small casting ladle is kept at 700 ℃ to obtain a casting blank, a wire feeder is started during casting, Al-Ti-B wires (Ti: 5%, B: 0.3%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements) are fed, and the wire feeding speed is 100 cm/min;
s4, rolling: cutting off a casting blank cold head by more than 30 meters before a casting blank is rolled, then determining whether the rolling condition is met according to the appearance quality of the casting blank, the smoothness of a knife edge and the temperature of an aluminum blank, stopping cutting the casting blank after the quality of the casting blank meets the requirement, starting an induction heating furnace, controlling the temperature of the casting blank to be maintained at 370 ℃ before rolling, and quenching after rolling to control the temperature of an aluminum rod to be below 150 ℃ so as to obtain a parent rod with the diameter of phi 6 mm;
s5, carrying out plastic processing on the female rod to obtain a bus with the diameter of phi 2.7 mm; and (3) after bus annealing treatment (heating to 400 ℃ within 3.5h, keeping the temperature at 400 ℃ for 12h, then cooling to 100 ℃ within 6h, finally air-cooling to room temperature for second plastic processing (plastic deformation with high processing rate) to obtain a blank before the welding wire is formed, peeling the blank before the welding wire is formed, and then subpackaging to obtain the aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire with the diameter phi of 1.2 mm.
The product manufacturing flow chart of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 2: after the continuous casting and rolling process, the female rod is subjected to plastic processing, then multi-stage annealing is carried out, large-processing-rate plastic deformation is carried out, and peeling and split charging are carried out to obtain a finished product.
Examples 2 to 3
The components and contents of the Al-Si-Sr-Ti-B alloy welding wires of examples 2-3 are shown in Table 1, and the Al-Si-Sr-Ti-B alloy welding wires of examples 2-3 were prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 4
The aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
silicon: 6.0 wt%; strontium: 0.02 wt%; titanium: 0.0125 wt%; boron: 0.001 wt%; beryllium: 0.0009 wt%; magnesium: 0.05 wt%; copper: 0.02 wt%; the balance being aluminum and inevitable impurity elements.
The aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire is prepared by the following steps:
s1, automatic material storage and automatic material preparation; (1) warehousing raw materials: manually pressing a button of the conveying line to call an empty tray; putting the materials to be warehoused on a mother tray of a warehousing opening; manually selecting material information (the material information comprises a material number, a product form, a supplier and the like) at the PDA terminal, scanning the number of the mother tray, clicking 'confirmation of entering the warehouse', and finishing the binding of warehousing and grouping trays; manually pressing a button of a conveying line, and conveying the material to a code reading position by the conveying line for appearance detection; the appearance is unqualified in detection, returned to a warehousing port, and warehoused again after manual treatment; the appearance is detected to be qualified, the product is conveyed to a weighing station to be weighed, the weight is bound to a tray number by a system, and warehousing is requested;
(2) material storage: after the shape of the material is detected to be qualified, the WCS (storage control system) system receives the warehousing information, and the WCS (storage control system) system distributes proper warehouse positions according to the material information; after the warehouse location is locked, the stacker finishes taking materials from the material inlet and sends the materials to the distributed warehouse location; after the material warehousing is finished, binding material information and warehouse location information and recording the material information and the warehouse location information into a WCS (warehousing control system) system; a WCS (storage control system) system schedules the stacker to put on the shelf and automatically fills empty trays to a storage port;
(3) intelligently taking materials: after receiving a material taking instruction, a WCS (storage control system) system dispatches a stacker to convey materials in a warehouse to a cache station; after the cache station receives a material use instruction of the production line, the movable manipulator moves the material to a corresponding material temporary storage position and places the required material in a feeding frame; the AGV trolley is responsible for conveying the materials in the feeding frame to the cache region for temporary placement;
(4) intelligent feeding: after the production line sends and throws the material demand, by AGV dolly with the material from the buffer memory according to route and the calling sequence of setting for, transport the material to the production line in proper order.
S2, smelting: the AGV trolley conveys an aluminum ingot with the brand number of Al99.7 to the side of a smelting furnace, an aluminum pad is put into the smelting furnace to be melted into aluminum liquid, the temperature of the aluminum liquid is controlled to be 780 ℃, the AGV trolley conveys intermediate alloy materials to a heat preservation furnace, the aluminum liquid is guided into the heat preservation furnace, after the aluminum liquid is put well, the intermediate alloy materials are conveyed into the heat preservation furnace, and meanwhile, the aluminum liquid is stirred; after stirring, nitrogen is adopted for powder injection refining, powder injection refining agents are filled into a powder injection refiner tank, an air source is opened, a refining pipe is introduced into the furnace, mobile blowing type powder injection refining is carried out, the powder discharge speed is controlled, the refining time is 45min, bubbles cannot be too large during refining, violent reaction of aluminum alloy liquid is avoided, and the condition that the alloy liquid is slightly boiled is suitable; after refining, a slag removing tool is used for removing slag, when the slag is removed, internal floating slag in the furnace is firstly removed to a furnace door opening and is gathered at the furnace door opening for a little stay, the floating slag is removed from a slag tray outside the furnace after a few minutes of sedimentation, and when the slag is removed from the furnace door, the slag is slowly moved so as to avoid taking molten aluminum in the furnace out of the furnace; and after slagging off is finished, sampling by using a test sample, and rapidly analyzing the content of the alloy liquid by using a spectrum analyzer in a sample sending quality part, wherein the system can carry out component adjustment according to a sample result and give a material transportation instruction to an automatic batching system.
S3, casting: when the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 750 ℃, the holding furnace tilts, the aluminum liquid in the furnace sequentially flows into a degassing box, a filter box and a large casting ladle, the large casting ladle is lifted at the beginning so that the initial metal can be discharged into an aluminum discharging box from a discharging groove, the large casting ladle is put down when the temperature of the metal liquid reaches 680 ℃, a buoy is put in for starting casting, the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the small casting ladle is kept at 700 ℃ to obtain a casting blank, a wire feeder is started during casting, Al-Ti-B wires (Ti: 5%, B: 0.3%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements) are fed, and the wire feeding speed is 20 cm/min;
s4, rolling: cutting off a casting blank cold head by more than 30 meters before the casting blank is rolled, then determining whether the rolling condition is met according to the appearance quality of the casting blank, the smoothness of a knife edge and the temperature of an aluminum blank, stopping cutting the casting blank after the quality of the casting blank meets the requirement, starting an induction heating furnace, controlling the temperature of the casting blank to be maintained at 420 ℃ before rolling, and quenching after rolling to control the temperature of an aluminum rod to be below 150 ℃ so as to obtain a parent rod with the diameter of phi 6 mm;
s5, carrying out plastic processing on the female rod to obtain a bus with the diameter of phi 3.5 mm; and (3) after the bus annealing treatment (heating to 420 ℃ within 5h, keeping the temperature at 420 ℃ for 8h, then cooling to 80 ℃ within 4h, finally air-cooling to room temperature for second plastic processing to obtain a blank before the welding wire is formed, peeling the blank before the welding wire is formed, and then subpackaging to obtain the aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire with the diameter of phi 1.6 mm.
Examples 5 to 6
The components and contents of the Al-Si-Sr-Ti-B alloy welding wires of examples 5-6 are shown in Table 1, and the Al-Si-Sr-Ti-B alloy welding wires of examples 5-6 were prepared in the same manner as in example 4.
The components and contents of the Al-Si-Sr-Ti-B alloy welding wires of comparative examples 1 to 6 are shown in Table 1, and the preparation method of the Al-Si-Sr-Ti-B alloy welding wires of comparative examples 1 to 6 is the same as that of example 1.
TABLE 1 EXAMPLES 1-6 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1-6 AlSiSrTibB ALLOY WIRE COMPOSITIONS
TABLE 2 ALSO STRONTIUM-TITANIUM-BORON ALLOY WELDING WIRE PERFORMANCE AND WELDING SEAL PERFORMANCE OF EXAMPLE 1 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1-6
In addition, since comparative example 1 does not contain Mg, the strength of the welding wire and the weld is reduced; the materials of comparative examples 2 to 3, which did not contain Cu and Ti as refining metals, were continuously castThe defects of difficult forming and low production efficiency exist in the continuous rolling manufacturing process, and the continuous rolling manufacturing process is not suitable for batch production; comparative examples 4 to 5 the plasticity of the material was reduced and the plasticity (elongation) of the weld was also reduced because B, Be refined metal element was added excessively; comparative example 6 Mg because of excessive addition of Mg element2The strength of the welding wire is improved due to the large amount of Si, but the plasticity is seriously reduced, and the requirement of the service performance of the welding wire cannot be met, so that the addition amount of Mg cannot exceed 0.15 wt% according to the design concept of the invention.
Table 3 shows the comparison of the performance of the welding wire of the embodiment of the invention and a comparative welding wire, wherein the grade of the comparative welding wire is ER4043 which is commonly used in the market, and a welding base material 6061 is used.
TABLE 3 comparison of the Performance of the inventive and comparative welding wires
| Welding wire | As-welded tensile strength MPa | Percentage elongation in welded state% |
| Comparative welding wire ER4043 | 165 | 11 |
| Example 1 | 170 | 12 |
| Example 2 | 165 | 12 |
| Example 3 | 160 | 13 |
| Example 4 | 170 | 11 |
| Example 5 | 172 | 10 |
| Example 6 | 175 | 12 |
In addition, the structure of the product prepared by the embodiment of the invention is schematically shown in the attached figure 1: 1: an Al matrix; 2: si; 3: al4 Sr; 4: al3 Ti; 5 Mg2 Si; ti2B, and the schematic structure shows the distribution and position of each main element in the structure of the product prepared by the invention.
The embodiment shows that the high-performance aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire can be obtained, the welding line strength is about 10MPa higher than that of the common ER4043 welding wire, meanwhile, the plasticity of the welding line is not reduced, a mother rod with the package weight of 2 tons can be obtained after continuous casting and rolling, the problems of welding and production efficiency caused by adopting an extrusion process are solved, the specification of the mother rod is smaller, and compared with the conventional continuous casting and rolling process, the corresponding manufacturing cost and equipment cost are lower.
Finally, it should be noted that the specific examples described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention and do not limit the embodiments of the invention. Various modifications, additions and substitutions for the embodiments described herein will occur to those skilled in the art, and all such embodiments are neither required nor possible. While the invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments, it will be appreciated that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An Al-Si-Sr-Ti-B alloy for manufacturing welding wires is characterized in that: the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
silicon: 4.5-7.0 wt%; strontium: 0.005-0.05 wt%; titanium: 0.005-1.20 wt%; boron: 0.0005 to 0.05 wt%; beryllium: 0.0001-0.001 wt%; magnesium: 0.001 to 0.15 wt%; copper: 0.001 to 0.5 wt%, the balance being aluminum and inevitable impurity elements; the content of inevitable impurity elements is less than 0.5 wt%.
2. The Al-Si-Sr-Ti-B alloy for manufacturing welding wire according to claim 1, wherein the impurity elements are: less than or equal to 0.020 wt% of Pb, less than or equal to 0.015 wt% of Sb, less than or equal to 0.015 wt% of Bi, less than or equal to 0.015 wt% of Te, less than or equal to 0.015 wt% of S, less than or equal to 0.025 wt% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.015 wt% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.010 wt% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.005 wt% of Ba, less than or equal to 0.005 wt% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.005 wt% of P, less than or equal to 0.015 wt% of Ga, less than or equal to 0.015 wt% of V, less than or equal to 0.005 wt% of Ce, less than or equal to 0.0005 wt% of Li, less than or equal to 0.0015 wt% of Na and less than or equal to 0.0030 wt% of Ca.
3. The al-si-sr-ti-b alloy for manufacturing welding wire according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein: li + Na + Ca is less than or equal to 0.0030wt percent.
4. An intelligent preparation method of the Al-Si-Sr-Ti-B alloy for manufacturing the welding wire according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, automatic material storage and automatic material preparation;
s2, smelting: putting an aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace to be melted into aluminum liquid, guiding the aluminum liquid into a heat preservation furnace, then sending the intermediate alloy into the heat preservation furnace, stirring, refining, slagging off, sampling and inspecting;
s3, casting: when the temperature of aluminum alloy liquid is 720-800 ℃, the heat preservation furnace tilts, aluminum liquid in the furnace sequentially flows into a degassing box, a filtering box and a large casting ladle, the large casting ladle is lifted at the beginning, when the temperature of molten metal reaches 670-750 ℃, the large casting ladle is put down, a buoy is put in, casting is started, and the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the small casting ladle is kept at 660-740 ℃, so that a casting blank is obtained;
s4, rolling: controlling the temperature of a casting blank before rolling to be maintained at 320-500 ℃, and quenching after rolling to control the temperature of the aluminum rod to be below 150 ℃ to obtain a female rod;
s5, carrying out plastic processing on the female rod to obtain a bus; carrying out secondary plastic processing after the multi-stage annealing treatment of the bus to obtain a blank before the welding wire is formed; and peeling the blank before the welding wire is formed, and then subpackaging to obtain the aluminum-silicon-strontium-titanium-boron alloy welding wire.
5. The intelligent preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the automatic material storage and automatic material preparation steps comprise:
(1) warehousing raw materials: manually pressing a button of the conveying line to call an empty tray; putting the materials to be warehoused on a mother tray of a warehousing opening; manually selecting material information at a PDA terminal, scanning the number of a mother tray, clicking 'confirmation of stock entry', and finishing the binding of warehousing and grouping trays; manually pressing a button of a conveying line, and conveying the material to a code reading position by the conveying line for appearance detection; the appearance is unqualified in detection, returned to a warehousing port, and warehoused again after manual treatment; the appearance is detected to be qualified, the product is conveyed to a weighing station to be weighed, the weight is bound to a mother tray number by a system, and warehousing is requested;
(2) material storage: after the shape of the material is detected to be qualified, the WCS receives warehousing information, and allocates proper warehouse positions according to the material information; after the warehouse location is locked, the stacker finishes taking materials from the material inlet and sends the materials to the distributed warehouse location; after the materials are put in a warehouse, binding the material information and the warehouse location information and inputting the material information and the warehouse location information into a WCS system; the WCS system schedules the stacker to put on the shelf and automatically fills empty trays to a warehousing port;
(3) intelligently taking materials: after receiving a material taking instruction, the WCS system dispatches a stacker to convey materials in the warehouse to a cache station; after the cache station receives a material use instruction of the production line, the movable manipulator moves the material to a corresponding material temporary storage position and places the required material in a feeding frame; the AGV trolley is responsible for conveying the materials in the feeding frame to the cache region for temporary placement;
(4) intelligent feeding: after the production line sends and throws the material demand, by AGV dolly with the material from the buffer memory according to route and the calling sequence of setting for, transport the material to the production line in proper order.
(5) Automatic feeding: and after the furnace platform receives the material receiving information sent by the production line, starting the feeding device, sequentially feeding the materials to the specified positions in the hearth, and implementing automatic stirring.
6. The intelligent preparation method of claim 4, wherein in step S2, the temperature of the molten aluminum is controlled to be 690-800 ℃.
7. The intelligent preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step S3, a wire feeder is started to feed Al-Ti-B wires at a wire feeding speed of 5-100 cm/min.
8. The intelligent preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the diameter of the mother rod of step S4 is Φ 3.5 to Φ 8.5 mm; the diameter of the generatrix of the step S5 is phi 1.8 to phi 4.5 mm.
9. The intelligent preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the multi-stage annealing of step S5 adopts four stages of treatment, which are respectively: heating to 160-480 ℃ within 0.5-5 h, preserving heat for 1.5-15 h at 160-480 ℃, then cooling to 80-110 ℃ within 2-10 h, and finally air-cooling to room temperature.
10. The Al-Si-Sr-Ti-B alloy welding wire of claim 4, wherein the Al-Si-Sr-Ti-B alloy welding wire has a diameter of 0.8-4.0 mm, a tensile strength of 100-250 MPa, and a weld strength after cladding is not less than 0.60 times of the welding wire strength.
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