CN114192933B - Vacuum consumable electrode welding device and method - Google Patents
Vacuum consumable electrode welding device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114192933B CN114192933B CN202111346523.8A CN202111346523A CN114192933B CN 114192933 B CN114192933 B CN 114192933B CN 202111346523 A CN202111346523 A CN 202111346523A CN 114192933 B CN114192933 B CN 114192933B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 258
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000008918 voyeurism Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 108010066057 cabin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/09—Arrangements or circuits for arc welding with pulsed current or voltage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
- B23K9/325—Devices for supplying or evacuating shielding gas
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium alloy smelting, in particular to a vacuum consumable electrode welding device which comprises a working cabin body, a rotary workbench, a welding gun and a welding gun moving mechanism, wherein the rotary workbench is installed at the inner bottom of the working cabin body, a rotary shaft is axially arranged at the middle position of the rotary workbench, one end of the rotary shaft is connected with a rotary motor, the other end of the rotary shaft is connected with a chuck for installing an electrode blank block, the chuck is horizontally arranged on the table top of the rotary workbench, the welding gun moving mechanism is arranged on the inner side wall of the working cabin body, and the welding gun moving mechanism is connected with the welding gun for assembling and welding the electrode blank block and is used for driving the welding gun to move along the vertical direction, and a vacuum exhaust pipe and an air charging pipe are connected to the side wall of the working cabin body. By using the device, the assembly welding efficiency is improved, the problems of tungsten clamping, falling and oxidization in the consumable electrode smelting process caused by welding are avoided, and the device has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation, high production efficiency, automation and good welding quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium alloy smelting, in particular to a vacuum consumable electrode welding device and a method.
Background
Aiming at smelting titanium and titanium alloy, the most commonly used method at present is a vacuum consumable arc smelting method, and the principle is as follows: the raw materials are firstly made into strip-shaped blanks (the strip-shaped blanks are commonly called as consumable electrodes), then the strip-shaped blanks are put into a vacuum consumable arc melting furnace, the strip-shaped blanks are melted and transited into a molten pool through arc heating, and finally the molten pool is solidified into titanium alloy ingots on a water-cooled crucible (crystallizer). By adopting the method, not only can titanium and other alloy elements be fused into alloy, but also the pollution of oxide or graphite refractory materials to high-activity titanium melt can be avoided, and large-scale cast ingots with uniform components can be obtained by remelting for a plurality of times.
Wherein, the main raw material titanium for smelting the titanium alloy is generally a block cut from titanium sponge, and other alloys or intermediate alloys are in block, strip or other shapes. In the process of manufacturing the consumable electrode, the raw materials are usually pressed into a plurality of cylindrical blanks with smaller diameters and lighter weights in a press, and then the cylindrical blanks are welded into the required consumable electrode by a welding method, rather than directly pressing the cylindrical blanks with larger diameters and heavier weights from the press. The friction force between the material and the die is increased sharply in the pressing process of the pressing machine, the pressure applied to the middle part of the pressed cylindrical blank is far smaller than that applied to the two ends, the density of the middle part is small and the cylindrical blank is loose, so that the consumable electrode welded by a plurality of cylindrical blanks is easy to fall off in the melting process, and the problem of uneven components of cast ingots is caused. Therefore, even if thousands of tons of high-pressure oil presses are selected, for the preparation of consumable electrodes with the weight of 2-3 tons and the length of more than 3 meters, one-time press forming is impossible, and a plurality of cylindrical blanks with the diameter of 200-800 mm and the weight of tens-150 kg are needed to be pressed for multiple times, and then the blanks are assembled and welded into the consumable electrodes.
The current common assembly welding method is argon arc welding or plasma arc welding. The welding process is typically manual welding, spot welding, and the gun nozzle provides inert gas shielding during welding. However, these methods have respective disadvantages, which result in failure to meet production requirements, such as easy tungsten pinching caused by manual argon arc welding, i.e., the tungsten electrode is melted into the consumable electrode, resulting in deterioration of the properties (toughness, fatigue properties, etc.) of the titanium alloy product and low efficiency; spot welding (i.e., a discontinuous girth welding process in which electrodes are connected by a plurality of discrete welds in the circumferential direction) may result in the loss of bulk material from the consumable electrode during melting, affecting the compositional uniformity of the ingot. Further, the inert gas protection provided by the welding gun nozzle is insufficient in the methods, oxidation phenomena often occur in welding spots and the vicinity thereof, so that oxygen and nitrogen are increased in the titanium alloy, and even hard and brittle oxides and nitride inclusions are formed, and for important titanium alloy parts, the oxygen content and the nitrogen content are important control indexes, and the oxides, the nitrides and the tungsten inclusions are not allowed to exist.
Therefore, there is a need for a vacuum consumable electrode welding device that improves assembly welding efficiency while avoiding problems of tungsten inclusion, chipping and oxidation during consumable electrode melting due to welding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a vacuum consumable electrode welding device, which aims to solve the problems of tungsten clamping, oxidation, falling in consumable electrode smelting process and low production efficiency caused by welding during consumable electrode assembly welding, particularly during consumable electrode assembly welding for large titanium alloy ingots.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a vacuum consumable electrode welding apparatus comprising: the welding gun comprises a working cabin body, a rotary workbench, a welding gun and a welding gun moving mechanism;
the rotary workbench is arranged at the inner bottom of the operation cabin body, a rotary shaft is axially arranged at the middle position of the rotary workbench, one end of the rotary shaft is connected with a rotary motor, the other end of the rotary shaft is connected with a chuck for mounting an electrode blank block, and the chuck is horizontally arranged on the table top of the rotary workbench;
the welding gun moving mechanism is arranged on the inner side wall of the operation cabin body and is connected with the welding gun for assembling and welding the electrode blank block so as to drive the welding gun to move along the vertical direction;
The side wall of the operation cabin body is connected with a vacuum exhaust pipe and an inflation pipe, the vacuum exhaust pipe is used for vacuumizing the operation cabin body, and the inflation pipe is used for inflating the operation cabin body.
Preferably, the rotating motor is connected to a frequency converter for controlling the rotational speed of the chuck.
Preferably, the welding gun moving mechanism includes: and the welding gun is arranged on the welding gun fixing bracket, and is an argon arc welding gun controlled by an argon arc welding machine.
Preferably, the distance between the outer surface of the electrode blank block and the tungsten electrode of the welding gun is fixed to be 2.0-3.5mm.
Preferably, a peeping window is arranged on the side wall of the operation cabin body and used for manually calibrating the position of the welding gun.
Preferably, one end of the vacuum exhaust pipe is connected with the inside of the operation cabin body, and the other end of the vacuum exhaust pipe is connected with a vacuum system; one end of the inflation tube is connected with the inside of the operation cabin body, and the other end of the inflation tube is connected with the inflation system.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a vacuum consumable electrode welding method implemented using the vacuum consumable electrode welding apparatus described above, the method comprising:
s1) clamping: the electrode blank blocks are arranged on the chuck of the rotary workbench, and a plurality of other electrode blank blocks are stacked and aligned layer by layer and the relative positions between the upper layer and the lower layer are kept fixed by means of gravity;
S2) vacuumizing: closing a cabin door of the operation cabin body, vacuumizing the operation cabin by adopting the vacuum system until the pressure value in the operation cabin body is smaller than a set value, and closing the vacuum system;
s3) inflating: adopting the inflation system to inflate protective gas into the operation cabin until the pressure value in the operation cabin is greater than atmospheric pressure, and closing the inflation system;
s4) centering: the upper position and the lower position of the welding gun are adjusted through the welding gun moving mechanism, so that the welding gun is aligned to the middle position of the welding seam;
S5) welding: after setting welding parameters, rotating the electrode blank block on the chuck through the rotating motor, controlling the welding gun to start welding, and finishing welding of a first welding line after rotating for one circle;
s6) moving the welding gun to the next welding line, repeating the centering step S4 and the welding step S5, and finishing the welding of the second welding line;
s7) repeating the step S6 to finish the welding of all the welding seams.
Preferably, the vacuum system is adopted to vacuumize the interior of the operation cabin, and when the pressure value in the operation cabin is detected to be smaller than 1pa, the vacuum system is closed.
Preferably, the protective gas filled into the working cabin by the inflation system is argon.
Preferably, the inflation system is used for inflating the interior of the operation cabin, and the inflation is stopped when the pressure value in the interior of the operation cabin is detected to be 1000-1200 mbar.
According to the technical scheme, the vacuum consumable electrode welding device is used, in the practical application process, the electrode blank blocks are installed on the chuck, a plurality of other electrode blank blocks are stacked on the electrode blank blocks on the chuck layer by layer and aligned, then the inside of the operation cabin body is vacuumized, protective gas is filled into the operation cabin body after the vacuumization is finished, then the rotating motor, the welding gun moving mechanism and the welding gun are matched for use, and in the process of rotating the electrode blank blocks, welding of the girth joint between the two electrode blank blocks is completed.
Meanwhile, the distance between the tungsten electrode of the welding gun and the outer surface of the electrode blank block is fixed to be 2.0-3.5mm, so that the problem of tungsten clamping caused by too small distance between the tungsten electrode of the welding gun and the outer surface of the electrode blank block is avoided.
The welding gun moving mechanism drives the welding gun to move along the vertical direction, so that the distance between the welding gun and the welding seam is a fixed value when the welding gun welds welding seams at different positions, and the consistency of welding effect is ensured.
The vacuum system firstly vacuumizes the interior of the operation cabin until the internal air pressure is lower than 1pa, and then fills the protection gas argon into the interior of the operation cabin to 1000-1200mbar, so that the oxygen content and the nitrogen content in the interior of the operation cabin are both lower than 0.001%, thereby providing better inert gas protection for welding operation and further avoiding the problems of oxidization and nitridation.
By arranging the argon arc welding gun controlled by the argon arc welding machine, larger penetration can be obtained during welding, and defects such as undercut, flash, incomplete penetration and the like generated during manual transverse welding are effectively reduced; meanwhile, compared with the conventional manual argon arc welding spot welding seam, the connecting effect between the electrode blank blocks is greatly improved, and the problem of consumable electrode block dropping in the smelting process is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vacuum consumable electrode welding apparatus;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method of vacuum consumable electrode welding.
Description of the reference numerals
A working cabin 1; a rotary table 2; an electrode blank block 3; a welding gun 4; a welding gun fixing bracket 5; a welding gun moving mechanism 6; a vacuum extraction tube 7; an inflation tube 8; and a weld 9.
Detailed Description
The following describes the detailed implementation of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the invention, are not intended to limit the invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise stated, terms such as "up, down, left, right" are used to refer generally to the up, down, left, right directions of the vacuum consumable electrode welding apparatus as shown in fig. 1.
The first aspect of the invention provides a vacuum consumable electrode welding device, as shown in fig. 1, which comprises a working cabin 1, a rotary workbench 2, a welding gun 4 and a welding gun moving mechanism 6;
the rotary workbench 2 is arranged at the inner bottom of the operation cabin body 1, a rotary shaft is axially arranged at the middle position of the rotary workbench 2, one end of the rotary shaft is connected with a rotary motor, the other end of the rotary shaft is connected with a chuck for mounting the electrode blank block 3, and the chuck is horizontally arranged on the table top of the rotary workbench 2;
the welding gun moving mechanism 6 is arranged on the inner side wall of the operation cabin body 1, and the welding gun moving mechanism 6 is connected with the welding gun 4 for assembling and welding the electrode blank block 3 so as to drive the welding gun 4 to move along the vertical direction;
The side wall of the operation cabin body 1 is connected with a vacuum exhaust pipe 7 and an air charging pipe 8, the vacuum exhaust pipe 7 is used for vacuumizing the operation cabin body 1, and the air charging pipe 8 is used for charging air into the operation cabin body 1.
According to the technical scheme, the vacuum consumable electrode welding device is used, in the practical application process, the electrode blank blocks are installed on the chuck, a plurality of other electrode blank blocks are stacked on the electrode blank blocks on the chuck layer by layer and aligned, then the inside of the operation cabin body is vacuumized, protective gas is filled into the operation cabin body after the vacuumization is finished, then the rotating motor, the welding gun moving mechanism and the welding gun are matched for use, and in the process of rotating the electrode blank blocks, welding of the girth joint between the two electrode blank blocks is completed.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the rotating electrical machine is connected to a frequency converter for controlling the rotational speed of the chuck.
In the embodiment of the invention, the frequency converter is a high-precision frequency converter, so that the rotating speed of the rotating motor is accurately controlled, and the rotating speed of the electrode blank block 3 is further controlled, thereby improving the welding quality.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gun motion mechanism 6 includes: and the welding gun fixing bracket 5, the welding gun 4 is arranged on the welding gun fixing bracket 5, and the welding gun 4 is an argon arc welding gun controlled by an argon arc welding machine.
Further, the distance between the outer surface of the electrode blank block 3 and the tungsten electrode of the welding gun 4 is fixed to be 2.0-3.5mm. Preferably, the distance between the outer surface of the electrode blank block 3 and the tungsten electrode of the welding gun 4 is fixed to be 2.0-3.0mm.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the welding gun moving mechanism 6 further includes: slide rail, lead screw and driving motor. The welding gun moving mechanism 6 has high displacement precision, and the working principle of the welding gun moving mechanism is similar to that of a screw type lifter, so as to drive the welding gun 4 to move along the vertical direction and accurately position. Wherein, the installation position of the welding gun 4 on the welding gun fixing bracket 5 is adjustable. Specifically, after the welding gun 4 is installed, the distance between the tungsten electrode of the welding gun 4 and the outer surface of the electrode blank block 3 is 2.0-3.0mm, so that the problem of tungsten clamping caused by too small distance between the tungsten electrode of the welding gun 4 and the outer surface of the electrode blank block 3 during welding, particularly manual welding, is avoided.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a peeping window is provided in the side wall of the nacelle 1 for manually calibrating the position of the welding gun 4.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, one end of the vacuum exhaust pipe 7 is connected with the interior of the operation cabin 1, and the other end is connected with a vacuum system;
one end of the inflation tube 8 is connected with the inside of the operation cabin body 1, and the other end is connected with the inflation system.
In the embodiment of the invention, the vacuum system comprises a vacuum pump, a pipeline, a valve and a vacuum degree detection system. The vacuum pump can be a primary vacuum pump of a mechanical vacuum pump, a secondary vacuum pump set consisting of the mechanical vacuum pump and the Roots vacuum pump, and a tertiary vacuum pump set consisting of the mechanical vacuum pump, the Roots vacuum pump and the diffusion pump. Preferably, the vacuum pump adopts a secondary vacuum pump group to ensure that the interior of the operation cabin 1 is vacuumized to a set value. The inflation system comprises an air source, a pipeline, a valve, a flowmeter and a pressure gauge, and is used for inflating the interior of the operation cabin 1 to a set value.
The second aspect of the present invention also provides a vacuum consumable electrode welding method implemented using the vacuum consumable electrode welding apparatus described above, as shown in fig. 2, the method comprising the steps of:
S1) clamping: the electrode blank blocks 3 are arranged on the chuck of the rotary workbench 2, and a plurality of other electrode blank blocks 3 are stacked and aligned layer by layer and the relative positions between the upper layer and the lower layer are kept fixed by means of gravity;
specifically, the cylindrical electrode blank 3 mounted on the chuck in step S1 is mounted with the center of the circle aligned with the axis of the rotation shaft, and the other several electrode blanks 3 stacked on the electrode blank 3 are stacked layer by layer on the electrode blank 3 by gravity and aligned. Wherein preferably the chuck can also be replaced by a clamp having the same function.
S2) vacuumizing: closing a cabin door of the operation cabin body 1, vacuumizing the operation cabin 1 by adopting the vacuum system until the pressure value in the operation cabin body 1 is smaller than a set value, and closing the vacuum system;
Specifically, before executing step S2, the method further includes: and debugging the rotating motor and the welding gun moving mechanism 6 to ensure that the distance between the outer surface of the electrode blank block 3 and the tungsten electrode of the welding gun 4 is fixed to be 2.0-3.0mm when the chuck rotates.
S3) inflating: adopting the inflation system, and filling protective gas into the operation cabin body 1 until the pressure value in the operation cabin body 1 is greater than atmospheric pressure, and closing the inflation system;
s4) centering: the up-down position of the welding gun 4 is adjusted through the welding gun moving mechanism 6 so as to be aligned with the middle position of the welding seam 9;
S5) welding: after setting welding parameters, rotating the electrode blank block 3 on the chuck through the rotating motor, controlling the welding gun 4 to start welding, and finishing welding of a first welding line 9 after rotating for one circle;
Specifically, the welding parameters set in step S5 mainly include: setting the welding current of an argon arc welding machine to be 200-400A, the pulse frequency to be 1-5HZ, the duty ratio to be 30-70% and the basic value current to be 30-70% by adopting a pulse welding method; the rotational speed of the rotating electric machine, i.e. the rotational linear speed of the electrode blank block 3, is 0.5-10mm/s, i.e. the welding speed is 0.5-10mm/s.
S6) moving the welding gun 4 to the next welding line 9, repeating the centering step S4 and the welding step S5, and finishing the welding of the second welding line 9;
s7) repeating the step S6 to finish the welding of all the welding seams 9.
In the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, when there are a plurality of the welding seams 9 to be welded, the welding sequence is from bottom to top, so as to ensure the stability of welding.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the vacuum system is used to evacuate the interior of the working chamber 1, and the vacuum system is turned off when it is detected that the pressure value in the interior of the working chamber 1 is less than 1 pa.
Further, the protective gas filled into the working cabin 1 by the inflation system is argon.
Further, the inflation system is adopted to inflate the inside of the operation cabin body 1, and when the pressure value of the inside of the operation cabin body 1 is detected to be 1000-1200mbar, the inflation is stopped.
In the embodiment of the invention, when in actual use, the vacuum system firstly vacuumizes the inside of the operation cabin body 1 until the internal air pressure is lower than 1pa, and then the inflation system fills argon into the inside of the operation cabin body 1 to 1100mbar, so that the oxygen content and the nitrogen content in the inside of the operation cabin body 1 are both lower than 0.001%, and the problems of oxidization and nitridation are effectively solved.
Two different types of titanium alloys are combined and are specifically described below by way of two examples.
Example 1
Assembly welding of TC4 titanium alloy electrode blank block 3
Raw material block-shaped titanium sponge, aluminum and vanadium are proportioned according to a proportion, are arranged in a cylindrical die, and are sequentially pressed into seven electrode blank blocks 3 with the diameter of 200mm and the height of about 200mm by adopting a hydraulic press.
S1) clamping: one electrode blank block 3 is arranged on a chuck, then the other six electrode blank blocks 3 are stacked layer by layer and aligned, and the relative positions between the upper layer and the lower layer are kept fixed by means of gravity;
S2) vacuumizing: closing a cabin door of the operation cabin body 1, and vacuumizing the operation cabin 1 by adopting the vacuum system until the pressure value in the operation cabin body 1 is less than 1pa, and closing the vacuum system; before vacuumizing, the rotating motor and the welding gun moving mechanism 6 are debugged, so that when the chuck rotates, the distance between the outer surface of the electrode blank block 3 and the tungsten electrode of the welding gun 4 is fixed to be 2.0-3.0mm.
S3) inflating: adopting the inflation system, and filling protective gas argon into the operation cabin body 1 until the pressure value in the operation cabin body 1 is 1100mbar, and closing the inflation system;
s4) centering: the up-down position of the welding gun 4 is adjusted through the welding gun moving mechanism 6 so as to be aligned with the middle position of the first welding seam 9 at the bottommost layer;
S5) welding: after setting welding parameters, rotating the electrode blank block 3 on the chuck through the rotating motor, controlling the welding gun 4 to start welding, and finishing welding of a first welding line 9 after rotating for one circle; wherein, specifically, setting welding parameters includes: setting the welding current of an argon arc welding machine to be 350A, the pulse frequency to be 1Hz, the duty ratio to be 50% and the basic value current to be 50% by adopting a pulse welding method; the rotational speed of the rotating electric machine was 0.125r/min (corresponding to a welding speed of about 1.3 mm/s).
S6) the welding gun 4 is moved upwards to the next welding line 9, and the centering step S4 and the welding step S5 are repeated to finish the welding of the second welding line 9;
s7) repeating the step S6 to finish the welding of six welding seams 9.
The TC4 titanium alloy vacuum consumable electrode assembled and welded based on the method has the weight of 220kg and the height of about 1.4m. Meanwhile, after assembly welding is completed, the tungsten electrode of the argon arc welding gun is inspected, and obvious burning loss is not found; the assembly welding seam has no serious undercut and weld flash; the surface of the welding seam is bright and has no oxidation color; when the alloy ingot is used for vacuum consumable arc melting, no obvious blocking phenomenon exists in the melting process, and tungsten inclusion is not found in the obtained titanium alloy ingot; the oxygen content after secondary smelting is about 0.045wt.%, which meets the requirements of low oxygen content TC4 titanium alloy.
Example 2
Assembly welding of TA15 titanium alloy electrode blank block 3
The block raw materials are proportioned and arranged in a cylindrical mould, and six electrode blank blocks 3 with the diameter of 400mm and the height of about 300mm are sequentially pressed by a hydraulic press.
S1) clamping: one electrode blank block 3 is arranged on a chuck, then the other five electrode blank blocks 3 are stacked and aligned layer by layer, and the relative positions between the upper layer and the lower layer are kept fixed by means of gravity;
S2) vacuumizing: closing a cabin door of the operation cabin body 1, and vacuumizing the operation cabin 1 by adopting the vacuum system until the pressure value in the operation cabin body 1 is less than 1pa, and closing the vacuum system; before vacuumizing, the rotating motor and the welding gun moving mechanism 6 are debugged, so that when the chuck rotates, the distance between the outer surface of the electrode blank block 3 and the tungsten electrode of the welding gun 4 is fixed to be 2.0-3.0mm.
S3) inflating: adopting the inflation system, and filling protective gas argon into the operation cabin body 1 until the pressure value in the operation cabin body 1 is 1100mbar, and closing the inflation system;
s4) centering: the up-down position of the welding gun 4 is adjusted through the welding gun moving mechanism 6 so as to be aligned with the middle position of the first welding seam 9 at the bottommost layer;
S5) welding: after setting welding parameters, rotating the electrode blank block 3 on the chuck through the rotating motor, controlling the welding gun 4 to start welding, and finishing welding of a first welding line 9 after rotating for one circle; wherein, specifically, setting welding parameters includes: setting the welding current of an argon arc welding machine to be 400A, the pulse frequency to be 1.5Hz, the duty ratio to be 40 percent and the basic value current to be 50 percent by adopting a pulse welding method; the rotation speed of the rotating electric machine was 0.07r/min (corresponding to a welding speed of about 1.5 mm/s).
S6) the welding gun 4 is moved upwards to the next welding line 9, and the centering step S4 and the welding step S5 are repeated to finish the welding of the second welding line 9;
S7) repeating the step S6 to finish the welding of the five welding seams 9.
The TA15 titanium alloy vacuum consumable electrode assembled and welded based on the method has the weight of 1150kg and the height of about 1.8m. Meanwhile, after assembly welding is completed, the tungsten electrode of the argon arc welding gun is inspected, and obvious burning loss is not found; the assembly welding seam has no serious undercut and weld flash; the surface of the welding seam is bright and has no oxidation color; when the alloy is used for vacuum consumable arc melting, no obvious blocking phenomenon is caused in the melting process, and the obtained titanium alloy ingot does not find tungsten inclusion.
According to the vacuum consumable electrode welding device and method provided by the invention, in the practical application process, the electrode blank blocks are arranged on the chuck, a plurality of other electrode blank blocks are stacked on the electrode blank blocks on the chuck layer by layer and aligned, then the interior of the operation cabin body is vacuumized, and then protective gas is filled into the operation cabin body after the vacuumization is finished, and then the rotating motor, the welding gun moving mechanism and the welding gun are matched for use, so that the welding of the girth weld between the two electrode blank blocks is finished in the process of rotating the electrode blank blocks, and the vacuum consumable electrode welding device has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation, high production efficiency, automation and good welding quality.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, a plurality of simple variants can be made to the technical proposal of the invention, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the invention does not need to be additionally described for various possible combinations. Such simple variations and combinations are likewise to be regarded as being within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (9)
1. The vacuum consumable electrode welding device is characterized by comprising a working cabin (1), a rotary workbench (2), a welding gun (4) and a welding gun moving mechanism (6);
The rotary workbench (2) is arranged at the inner bottom of the operation cabin body (1), a rotary shaft is axially arranged at the middle position of the rotary workbench (2), one end of the rotary shaft is connected with a rotary motor, the other end of the rotary shaft is connected with a chuck for mounting an electrode blank block (3), and the chuck is horizontally arranged on the table top of the rotary workbench (2);
the welding gun moving mechanism (6) is arranged on the inner side wall of the operation cabin body (1), and the welding gun moving mechanism (6) is connected with the welding gun (4) for assembling and welding the electrode blank block (3) so as to drive the welding gun (4) to move along the vertical direction;
the side wall of the operation cabin body (1) is connected with a vacuum exhaust pipe (7) and an air charging pipe (8), the vacuum exhaust pipe (7) is used for vacuumizing the interior of the operation cabin body (1), and the air charging pipe (8) is used for charging air into the operation cabin body (1);
the welding gun (4) is an argon arc welding gun controlled by an argon arc welding machine;
the distance between the outer surface of the electrode blank block (3) and the tungsten electrode of the welding gun (4) is fixed to be 2.0-3.5mm.
2. The vacuum consumable electrode welding apparatus of claim 1 wherein the rotating motor is coupled to a frequency converter for controlling the rotational speed of the chuck.
3. The vacuum consumable electrode welding apparatus of claim 1, wherein the gun movement mechanism (6) comprises: a welding gun fixing bracket (5);
The welding gun (4) is arranged on the welding gun fixing bracket (5).
4. Vacuum consumable electrode welding unit according to claim 1, characterized in that a peeping window is provided on the side wall of the working chamber (1) for manually calibrating the position of the welding gun (4).
5. The vacuum consumable electrode welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that one end of the vacuum extraction tube (7) is connected to the inside of the working chamber (1), the other end is connected to a vacuum system;
one end of the inflation tube (8) is connected with the inside of the operation cabin body (1), and the other end is connected with the inflation system.
6. A method of welding a vacuum consumable electrode using a vacuum consumable electrode welding apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, the method comprising:
S1) clamping: the electrode blank blocks (3) are arranged on the chuck of the rotary workbench (2), and a plurality of other electrode blank blocks (3) are stacked and aligned layer by layer and keep the relative position between the upper layer and the lower layer fixed by means of gravity;
s2) vacuumizing: closing a cabin door of the operation cabin body (1), vacuumizing the interior of the operation cabin (1) by adopting a vacuum system until the pressure value in the operation cabin body (1) is smaller than a set value, and closing the vacuum system;
S3) inflating: adopting an inflation system, and filling protective gas into the operation cabin body (1) until the pressure value in the operation cabin body (1) is greater than atmospheric pressure, and closing the inflation system;
s4) centering: the up-down position of the welding gun (4) is adjusted through the welding gun moving mechanism (6) so as to be aligned with the middle position of the welding seam (9);
S5) welding: after setting welding parameters, rotating the electrode blank block (3) on the chuck through the rotating motor, controlling the welding gun (4) to start welding, and finishing welding of a first welding line (9) after rotating for one circle;
S6) moving the welding gun (4) to the next welding line (9), and repeating the centering step S4 and the welding step S5 to finish the welding of the second welding line (9);
S7) repeating the step S6, and finishing the welding of all the welding seams (9).
7. The method of welding a consumable electrode according to claim 6, wherein the vacuum system is used to evacuate the interior of the process chamber (1), and the vacuum system is turned off when it is detected that the pressure value in the interior of the process chamber (1) is less than 1 pa.
8. The method of welding a consumable electrode according to claim 6, wherein the protective gas that the inflation system inflates inside the working chamber (1) is argon.
9. A method of welding a consumable electrode according to claim 6 or 8, characterized in that the inflation system is used to inflate the interior of the working chamber (1), and that the inflation is stopped when the pressure value in the interior of the working chamber (1) is detected to be 1000-1200 mbar.
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