CN114184236B - Vibration stress deformation monitoring device and monitoring method - Google Patents
Vibration stress deformation monitoring device and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114184236B CN114184236B CN202111566430.6A CN202111566430A CN114184236B CN 114184236 B CN114184236 B CN 114184236B CN 202111566430 A CN202111566430 A CN 202111566430A CN 114184236 B CN114184236 B CN 114184236B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vibration stress deformation monitoring device, which is used for surveying holes and comprises: the monitoring device comprises a vibration monitoring unit, a monitoring control unit and a stress deformation monitoring unit which are connected with each other. The device adjusts the diameter of the device through a monitoring control unit; acquiring vibration, stress and deformation data of the exploration hole in all directions and at full depth through a vibration monitoring unit and a stress deformation monitoring unit; providing a characterization algorithm of vibration, stress and deformation indexes based on the optical fiber wavelength drift amount, and forming a monitoring method of vibration, stress and deformation by combining the operation flow of the device; the device solves the problems of small monitoring direction, single function, low sensitivity and easy environmental electromagnetic interference of the existing device, and has the advantages of low energy consumption, low cost, convenient operation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of road environment underground disease monitoring, in particular to a vibration stress deformation monitoring device and a monitoring method.
Background
In recent years, the collapse accidents of urban roads in China are frequent, so that huge social property loss is caused, and the traveling safety of people is seriously threatened. The dynamic load disturbance characteristics, the stress characteristics and the deformation characteristics of the road underground rock-soil body can be timely observed by arranging the exploration holes on the two sides of the road, early warning information is provided for judging whether the road underground rock-soil body is in a stable state, but the monitoring position of the conventional road exploration hole monitoring device is small, the function is single, the sensitivity is not high, the electromagnetic interference of the environment is easily caused, solar equipment is required to be installed in a region far away from a power grid line to provide electric energy, and the monitoring cost of the road underground diseases is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a device and a method for monitoring a vibration stress deformation, which are used to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
The above technical object of the present invention will be achieved by the following technical means.
A vibrational stress-deformation monitoring apparatus for surveying holes, comprising: the vibration monitoring unit, the monitoring control unit and the stress deformation monitoring unit are connected with each other; the vibration monitoring unit is used for monitoring vibration of the exploration hole;
the stress deformation monitoring unit is used for monitoring the stress and deformation of the exploration hole;
the monitoring control unit is used for adjusting the size of the monitoring device;
the vibration monitoring unit comprises a rigid hollow cylindrical shell, a spring set, a diaphragm plate, an interlayer, an inertial mass block, a transverse channel and a first monitoring optical fiber;
one end of the spring group is fixed on the top of the inner surface of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell, and the other end of the spring group is connected with the diaphragm plate;
the interlayer is fixedly connected with the inner surface of the bottom of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell; the inertial mass block is arranged on the upper surface of the interlayer;
the lower surface of the interlayer is fixedly connected with the transverse channel, and the first monitoring optical fiber is arranged in the transverse channel.
The above aspects and any possible implementations further provide an implementation in which the monitoring control unit includes a first annular superelastic layer, a second annular superelastic layer, a first airlock, an elastic cavity, and a second airlock; the two ends of the first annular super-elastic layer and the second annular super-elastic layer are respectively fixedly connected with the outer surface of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell and the two ends of the inner surface of the polyurethane elastic layer of the stress deformation monitoring unit; the first airlock is communicated with the outer surface of the second annular superelastic layer; the elastic cavity is positioned among the outer surface of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell, the inner surface of the polyurethane elastic layer, the inner surface of the first annular super-elastic layer and the second annular super-elastic layer; the second airtight lock is fixedly communicated with the outer surface of the second annular super-elastic layer, and a straight line where the center of the second airtight lock and the center of the first airtight lock are located is parallel to the axis of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell.
In the above aspect and any possible implementation manner, there is further provided an implementation manner, in which the stress deformation monitoring unit includes a first optical fiber alignment hole, a second optical fiber alignment hole, a first optical fiber stopper, a second optical fiber stopper, a plurality of first longitudinal channels, a plurality of second longitudinal channels, a plurality of circumferential channels, a polyurethane elastic layer, a second monitoring optical fiber, a third monitoring optical fiber, and a fourth monitoring optical fiber; one end of the first optical fiber alignment hole and one end of the second optical fiber alignment hole are fixedly connected with the first optical fiber stopper and the second optical fiber stopper respectively, and the other ends of the first optical fiber alignment hole and the second optical fiber alignment hole are in through connection with the second annular super-elastic layer; the first optical fiber stopper and the second optical fiber stopper are distributed on the outer surface of the first annular superelastic layer; two ends of the transverse channel penetrate through the rigid hollow cylindrical shell and are vertically communicated with the first optical fiber alignment hole and the second optical fiber alignment hole respectively, one end of a first monitoring optical fiber in the transverse channel sequentially penetrates through the first optical fiber alignment hole and the first optical fiber limiter and extends to the outside of the vibration stress deformation monitoring device, and the other end of the first monitoring optical fiber sequentially penetrates through the second optical fiber alignment hole and the second optical fiber limiter and extends to the outside of the vibration stress deformation monitoring device; the plurality of first longitudinal channels, the plurality of second longitudinal channels and the plurality of circumferential channels are positioned in the polyurethane elastic layer; two ends of the first longitudinal channels are respectively communicated with two ends of the first optical fiber alignment hole, a plurality of second monitoring optical fibers are arranged in the first longitudinal channels in an adjustable mode, and two ends of the second monitoring optical fibers sequentially penetrate through two ends of the first longitudinal channels, the first optical fiber alignment hole and the first optical fiber limiter and extend out of the vibration stress deformation monitoring device; two ends of the plurality of second longitudinal channels are communicated with two ends of the second optical fiber alignment hole, a plurality of third monitoring optical fibers are arranged in the plurality of second longitudinal channels, and two ends of the plurality of third monitoring optical fibers sequentially penetrate through two ends of the plurality of second longitudinal channels, the second optical fiber alignment hole and the second optical fiber limiter and extend to the outside of the vibration stress deformation monitoring device; the both ends of a plurality of hoop passageways all with first optic fibre in the same direction as the position hole through connection, set up a plurality of fourth monitoring optic fibre in a plurality of hoop passageways, the both ends of a plurality of fourth monitoring optic fibre pass both ends, first optic fibre in the same direction as position hole and the first optic fibre stopper of a plurality of hoop passageways in proper order, and extend to vibrations stress deformation monitoring devices is outside.
The above aspects and any possible implementations further provide an implementation manner that the monitoring device increases its monitoring depth by lengthening, that is, the second airlock of the previous monitoring device is fixedly connected with the first airlock of the next monitoring device.
The above aspect and any possible implementation further provides an implementation, in which the height of the monitoring device is 400-600mm; the inertia mass block is conical, the diameter of the inertia mass block is slightly smaller than that of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell, and the height of the inertia mass block is equal to 1/4 of that of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell; the diameter of the transverse channel is slightly larger than that of the first monitoring optical fiber; the diameter of the first longitudinal channel is slightly larger than that of the second monitoring optical fiber; the diameter of the second longitudinal channel is slightly larger than that of the third monitoring optical fiber; the diameter of the annular channel is slightly larger than that of the fourth monitoring optical fiber; the diameters of the first optical fiber alignment hole and the second optical fiber alignment hole are equal to the sum of the diameters of the transverse channel, the first longitudinal channel, the second longitudinal channel and the annular channel.
In accordance with the above-described aspects and any possible implementations, there is further provided an implementation in which the number of the first longitudinal channels and the second longitudinal channels is 8, and the distance between the channels is equal and parallel to the axis of the rigid hollow cylindrical housing; the distance between the plurality of annular channels is equal to the distance between the plurality of first longitudinal channels, and the plurality of annular channels are perpendicular to the plurality of first longitudinal channels; the shell of the transverse channel is made of polyurethane elastic material.
The above aspect and any possible implementation manner further provide an implementation manner, wherein the outer surfaces of the first airlock and the second airlock are provided with threads, and the second airlock of the previous monitoring device is connected with the first airlock of the next monitoring device through the matching of bolts and threads.
The invention also provides a method for monitoring by adopting the vibration stress deformation monitoring device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the number of monitoring devices according to the depth of a survey hole to be monitored, opening first airlocks, first optical fiber limiters and second optical fiber limiters of all the monitoring devices, enabling second airlocks of the monitoring devices at the bottom of the survey hole to be in a closed state, and enabling second airlocks of the rest monitoring devices to be in an open state; the monitoring devices are sequentially placed in the exploration holes and fixedly connected with the first airlock of the next monitoring device through the second airlock of the previous monitoring device;
s2, calibrating the position coordinates of all monitoring optical fibers;
s3, injecting air into the elastic cavity of the exploration hole top monitoring device through the first airlock of the exploration hole top monitoring device, wherein the injected air enters the elastic cavities of other monitoring devices through the second airlock, and the injected air enables the first annular superelastic layer, the second annular superelastic layer and the polyurethane elastic layer of all the monitoring devices to expand and simultaneously causes the lengths of a plurality of first monitoring optical fibers, second monitoring optical fibers, third monitoring optical fibers and fourth monitoring optical fibers in all the monitoring devices to increase; stopping injecting air and closing a first airlock, a first optical fiber limiter and a second optical fiber limiter of the top monitoring device when the polyurethane elastic layer is contacted with the wall of the exploration hole, wherein the lengths of a plurality of first monitoring optical fibers, a plurality of second monitoring optical fibers, a plurality of third monitoring optical fibers and a plurality of fourth monitoring optical fibers in the monitoring device are fixed;
and S4, monitoring vibration, stress and deformation of the exploration hole.
The above-mentioned aspect and any possible implementation manner further provide an implementation manner, where the S4 vibration monitoring includes the following steps:
s411, if vibration energy is generated in the surrounding environment of the exploration hole, the vibration energy is transmitted to all monitoring devices in the exploration hole, an inertial mass block in each monitoring device is influenced by the vibration energy to generate acceleration towards the diaphragm plate or acceleration away from the diaphragm plate, and the motion state of the inertial mass block at the moment meets Newton's second law;
s412, if the direction of the inertial force of the inertial mass block faces the diaphragm plate, the inertial mass block impacts the diaphragm plate and the spring set, so that the direction of the inertial force is changed to the opposite direction, and finally an interlayer is impacted; if the direction of the inertia force of the inertia mass block deviates from the diaphragm, the inertia mass block directly impacts the interlayer, and the relation between the deformation of the interlayer and the acting force meets Hooke's law;
s413, because the inertia force of the inertia mass block is equal to the acting force borne by the interlayer, the relationship between the acceleration of the inertia mass block and the vertical displacement of the interlayer is as follows:
in the formula, m is the mass of the inertia mass block; delta h is the vertical displacement of the interlayer; a is the acceleration of the inertial mass block; k is a radical of 1 The elastic coefficient of the interlayer; wherein m and k 1 Is a known value;
s414, because the total length of all monitoring optical fibers in the monitoring device is limited by the first optical fiber limiter and the second optical fiber limiter, the first monitoring optical fibers in the transverse channel generate deformation the same as that of the interlayer, so that the output wavelength of the first monitoring optical fibers is changed, and the specific formula of the central wavelength and the axial strain of the first monitoring optical fibers is as follows:
in the above formula, psec =0.22 is the elasto-optic coefficient of the first monitoring fiber; delta lambda is the wavelength drift amount of the monitoring optical fiber; λ is the central wavelength of the first monitoring fiber when not subjected to the external force; epsilon is axial strain generated by the first monitoring optical fiber under the action of external force; wherein λ is a known value;
s415, according to the geometrical characteristics of the deformation of the first monitoring optical fiber in the transverse channel, the relation between the vertical displacement of the interlayer and the axial strain of the first monitoring optical fiber is
L in the above formula 1 Is the diameter of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell, which is a known value; and delta h is the vertical displacement of the interlayer, and the relationship between the acceleration of the inertial mass block and the wavelength drift amount of the first monitoring optical fiber obtained by simultaneous formula (1), formula (2) and formula (3) is as follows:
and finally substituting the first monitoring optical fiber wavelength drift quantity delta lambda measured by each monitoring device in the exploration hole into a formula (4) to obtain the acceleration value of the measured inertial mass block.
The above-described aspect and any possible implementation further provide an implementation, and the S4 stress and deformation monitoring includes the following steps:
s421, if the wall of the exploration hole is acted by the pressure of the soil body, the polyurethane elastic layer simultaneously generates extrusion acting force and extrusion deformation and meets the requirement according to the Hooke's law;
s422, the extrusion acting force and the extrusion deformation of the polyurethane elastic layer are transmitted to the second monitoring optical fibers, the third monitoring optical fibers and the fourth monitoring optical fibers, so that the output wavelengths of the second monitoring optical fibers, the third monitoring optical fibers and the fourth monitoring optical fibers are changed, and the relationship between the central wavelength and the axial strain of the second monitoring optical fibers, the third monitoring optical fibers and the fourth monitoring optical fibers is shown in a formula (1);
s423, determining the range of the extrusion acting force and the extrusion deformation of the polyurethane elastic layer according to the distance between the maximum wavelength drift monitoring optical fiber and the minimum wavelength drift monitoring optical fiber in the same direction;
s424, according to the deformation geometrical characteristics of the plurality of second monitoring optical fibers, the third monitoring optical fibers and the fourth monitoring optical fibers, the relation between the extrusion displacement and the wavelength drift amount of any one of the plurality of second monitoring optical fibers, the third monitoring optical fibers and the fourth monitoring optical fibers is as follows:
in the above formula, n is the number of the monitoring fibers with the largest wavelength drift amount and the monitoring fibers with the smallest wavelength drift amount in the same direction; l is 2 The distance between a plurality of annular channels is set; Δ x is the extrusion displacement of any monitoring optical fiber; wherein n and L 2 Is a known value;
the relationship between the extrusion force and the axial strain experienced by any monitoring fiber is as follows:
f in the formula is the extrusion acting force applied to any monitoring optical fiber; k is a radical of 2 Is the elastic coefficient of the polyurethane elastic layer; wherein k is 2 Is a known value;
and finally substituting the measured and output wavelength drift delta lambda of any monitoring optical fiber into a formula (5) and a formula (6) to obtain the specific values of the extrusion acting force and the extrusion displacement of the polyurethane elastic layer.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects
The vibration stress deformation monitoring device provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for surveying holes, and comprises: the monitoring device comprises a vibration monitoring unit, a monitoring control unit and a stress deformation monitoring unit which are connected with each other. The vibration, stress and deformation monitoring units are integrated, the monitoring diameter is adjusted through the monitoring control unit, and vibration, stress and deformation data of the exploration hole in all directions and at the full depth are collected through the vibration monitoring unit and the stress deformation monitoring unit; meanwhile, the invention provides a characterization algorithm of the vibration, stress and deformation indexes based on the fiber Bragg grating wavelength drift amount, and combines the operation process of the device to form a vibration, stress and deformation monitoring method, thereby solving the problems of small monitoring direction, single function, low sensitivity and easy environmental electromagnetic interference of the existing device, and simultaneously having the advantages of low energy consumption, low cost, convenient operation and the like.
Drawings
Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vibration stress deformation monitoring device (from an axial view) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a vibration stress deformation monitoring device I-I' according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a device for monitoring a vibrational stress deformation II-II' according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The respective symbols in the figure are as follows: 1-rigid hollow cylindrical shell, 2-spring group, 3-diaphragm plate, 4-interlayer, 5-inertial mass block, 6-transverse channel, 7-first monitoring optical fiber, 8-first annular super elastic layer, 9-second annular super elastic layer, 10-first airlock, 11-elastic cavity, 12-second airlock, 13-first optical fiber alignment hole, 14-second optical fiber alignment hole, 15-first optical fiber stopper, 16-second optical fiber stopper, 17-a plurality of first longitudinal channels, 18-a plurality of second longitudinal channels, 19-a plurality of annular channels, 20-polyurethane elastic layer, 21-second monitoring optical fiber, 22-third monitoring optical fiber, and 23-fourth monitoring optical fiber.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the low-energy-consumption diameter-variable same-hole vibration stress deformation monitoring device of the present invention includes a vibration monitoring unit, a monitoring control unit and a stress deformation monitoring unit.
The vibration monitoring unit comprises a rigid hollow cylindrical shell 1, a spring group 2, a diaphragm plate 3, a partition layer 4, an inertial mass block 5, a transverse channel 6 and a first monitoring optical fiber 7; one end of the spring group 2 is fixed on the top of the inner surface of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell 1, and the other end of the spring group 2 is connected with the diaphragm plate 3; the interlayer 4 is fixedly connected with the inner surface of the bottom of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell 1; the inertial mass 5 is placed on the upper surface of the interlayer 4; the lower surface of the interlayer 4 is fixedly connected with the transverse channel 6, and a first monitoring optical fiber 7 is placed in the transverse channel 6.
The monitoring control unit comprises a first annular super-elastic layer 8, a second annular super-elastic layer 9, a first air lock 10, an elastic cavity 11 and a second air lock 12; the two ends of the first annular super-elastic layer 8 and the second annular super-elastic layer 9 are respectively and fixedly connected with the two ends of the outer surface of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell 1 and the inner surface of the polyurethane elastic layer 20; the first airlock 10 is communicated with the outer surface of the second annular super-elastic layer 9; the elastic cavity 11 is positioned among the outer surface of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell 1, the inner surface of the polyurethane elastic layer 20, the inner surfaces of the first annular super-elastic layer 8 and the second annular super-elastic layer 9; the second airlock 12 is fixedly penetrated on the outer surface of the second annular superelastic layer 9, and a straight line where the center of the first airlock 10 and the center of the second airlock 12 are located is parallel to the axis of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell 1.
The stress deformation monitoring unit comprises a first optical fiber alignment hole 13, a second optical fiber alignment hole 14, a first optical fiber stopper 15, a second optical fiber stopper 16, a plurality of first longitudinal channels 17, a plurality of second longitudinal channels 18, a plurality of circumferential channels 19, a polyurethane elastic layer 20, a second monitoring optical fiber 21, a third monitoring optical fiber 22 and a fourth monitoring optical fiber 23; one end of the first optical fiber alignment hole 13 and one end of the second optical fiber alignment hole 14 are respectively fixedly connected with the first optical fiber limiter 15 and the second optical fiber limiter 16, and the other end of the first optical fiber alignment hole and the second optical fiber alignment hole are communicated with the second annular super-elastic layer 9; the first optical fiber stopper 15 and the second optical fiber stopper 16 are distributed on the outer surface of the first annular superelastic layer 8; two ends of the transverse channel 6 penetrate through the rigid hollow cylindrical shell 1 to be vertically communicated with the first optical fiber alignment hole 13 and the second optical fiber alignment hole 14 respectively, one end of the first monitoring optical fiber 7 in the transverse channel 6 sequentially penetrates through the first optical fiber alignment hole 13 and the first optical fiber limiter 15 to extend out of the vibration stress deformation monitoring device, and the other end sequentially penetrates through the second optical fiber alignment hole 14 and the second optical fiber limiter 16 to extend out of the vibration stress deformation monitoring device; the plurality of first longitudinal channels 17, the plurality of second longitudinal channels 18 and the plurality of circumferential channels 19 are positioned in the polyurethane elastic layer 20; two ends of the first longitudinal channels 17 are respectively communicated with two ends of the first optical fiber in-line hole 13, a plurality of second monitoring optical fibers 21 are placed in the first longitudinal channels 17, and the second monitoring optical fibers 21 sequentially penetrate through two ends of the first longitudinal channels 17, the first optical fiber in-line hole 13 and the first optical fiber limiter 15 and extend out of the vibration stress deformation monitoring device; two ends of the second longitudinal channels 18 are in through connection with two ends of the second optical fiber alignment hole 14, a plurality of third monitoring optical fibers 22 are placed in the second longitudinal channels 18, and two ends of the third monitoring optical fibers 22 sequentially penetrate through two ends of the second longitudinal channels 18, the second optical fiber alignment hole 14 and the second optical fiber limiter 16 and extend out of the vibration stress deformation monitoring device; both ends of a plurality of hoop passageways 19 all with first optic fibre in the same direction as a hole 13 through connection, place a plurality of fourth monitoring optic fibre 23 in a plurality of hoop passageways 19, the both ends of fourth monitoring optic fibre 23 pass hoop passageway 19's both ends, first optic fibre in the same direction as a hole 13 and first optic fibre stopper 15 in proper order, and extend to outside the vibrations stress deformation monitoring devices, the shell of transverse passage adopts polyurethane elastic material.
Furthermore, the depth of the exploration hole measured by the method is integral multiple of 500mm, the height of the monitoring device is set between 400 mm and 600mm, and the height of the monitoring device is preferably 500mm, so that the aim of measuring the full-depth vibration stress deformation of the exploration hole is fulfilled; the monitoring device of the invention increases the monitoring depth in a lengthening manner, namely, the second airlock of the previous monitoring device is fixedly connected with the first airlock of the next monitoring device, specifically, the outer surfaces of the first airlock and the second airlock of each monitoring device are respectively provided with a thread, and the second airlock of the previous monitoring device is connected with the first airlock of the next monitoring device in a bolt and thread matching manner. Because the deformation of the survey hole is large, the diameter of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell 1 is preferably 1/2 of the diameter of the survey hole, so that the monitoring device can be completely placed in the survey hole; the inertial mass 5 is preferably conical, so that the inertial force of the inertial mass 5 can act on the first monitoring fiber 7; preferably, the diameter of the inertial mass 5 is slightly smaller than that of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell 1, and the height of the inertial mass is equal to 1/4 of the height of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell 1, so that the inertial mass 5 can freely move along the axial direction of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell 1; preferably, the number of the first longitudinal channels 17 and the number of the second longitudinal channels 18 are 8, the distance between the channels is equal and is parallel to the axis of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell 1, the distance between the annular channels 19 is equal to the distance between the first longitudinal channels 17, and the annular channels 19 are perpendicular to the first longitudinal channels 17, so that the arrangement distance of the monitoring optical fibers meets the requirement of monitoring precision; preferably, the spring set 2 comprises 2 springs, so that the spring set 2 has enough elastic force; preferably, the diameter of the transverse channel 6 is slightly larger than the diameter of the first monitoring fiber 7; the diameter of the first longitudinal channel 17 is slightly larger than that of the second monitoring fiber 21, preferably the diameter of the second longitudinal channel 18 is slightly larger than that of the third monitoring fiber 22, preferably the diameter of the circumferential channel 19 is slightly larger than that of the fourth monitoring fiber 23, and preferably the diameters of the first fiber alignment hole 13 and the second fiber alignment hole 14 are equal to the sum of the diameters of the transverse channel 6, the first longitudinal channel 17, the second longitudinal channel 18 and the circumferential channel 19, so as to ensure that the transverse channel 6, the first longitudinal channel 17, the second longitudinal channel 18 and the circumferential channel 19 can completely accommodate the required monitoring fibers.
The vibration stress deformation monitoring device is a sensing element of a vibration deformation monitoring system, vibration, stress and deformation of a survey hole are represented by outputting wavelength offset of monitoring optical fibers, and monitored data are finally transmitted to an external data analysis system through the monitoring optical fibers; the second, third and fourth monitoring fibers are used for monitoring stress and deformation.
The monitoring method of the vibration stress deformation monitoring device is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. in the embodiment, the depth of a survey hole is 2m, 4 vibration stress deformation monitoring devices are needed, for convenience of subsequent operation and installation, the starting and stopping states of all monitoring devices are confirmed firstly, the first airlock 10, the first optical fiber limiter 15 and the second optical fiber limiter 16 of all the monitoring devices are confirmed to be opened, meanwhile, the second airlock 12 of the monitoring devices at the bottom of the survey hole is closed, and the second airlock 12 of the rest monitoring devices is opened, so that all the monitoring devices have the condition of inputting air; then, mounting the monitoring devices, sequentially placing the monitoring devices in the exploration holes, and fixedly connecting the second airlock 12 of the previous monitoring device with the first airlock 10 of the next monitoring device, so that the monitoring devices have the full-depth monitoring function;
B. and calibrating the coordinates of all the monitoring optical fibers so as to determine the spatial position relationship of each monitoring optical fiber. Because the first monitoring optical fiber 7 is used for monitoring the vibration energy received by the exploration hole, the second monitoring optical fiber 21, the third monitoring optical fiber 22 and the fourth monitoring optical fiber 23 are used for monitoring the stress and the deformation of the hole wall of the exploration hole, if some monitoring optical fibers generate wavelength offset, the vibration condition and the stress deformation range of the exploration hole can be quickly judged according to the position relation of the calibrated monitoring optical fibers in the step.
C. In order to enable the monitoring device to be in close fit with the wall of a exploration hole, air is injected into the elastic cavity 11 through the first airlock 10 of the monitoring device at the top of the exploration hole, the injected air enters the elastic cavities 11 of other monitoring devices through the second airlock 12, and the inflowing air enables the first annular superelastic layer 8, the second annular superelastic layer 9 and the polyurethane elastic layer 20 of all the monitoring devices to expand, so that the lengths of a plurality of first monitoring optical fibers 7, second monitoring optical fibers 21, third monitoring optical fibers 22 and fourth monitoring optical fibers 23 in the monitoring devices are increased; when the polyurethane elastic layer 20 contacts with the wall of the exploration hole, stopping injecting air and closing the first airlock 10, the first optical fiber limiter 15 and the second optical fiber limiter 16 of the top monitoring device, so as to ensure that the lengths of a plurality of first monitoring optical fibers 7, second monitoring optical fibers 21, third monitoring optical fibers 22 and fourth monitoring optical fibers 23 in the monitoring device are fixed;
D. connecting all monitoring optical fibers extending out of the exploration hole with an external data analysis system, and starting to monitor vibration, stress and deformation of the road exploration hole, wherein the specific monitoring process is as follows:
1) The vibration monitoring process is as follows:
(1) if the surrounding environment of the exploration hole generates vibration energy, the vibration energy can be transmitted to all monitoring devices in the exploration hole, the inertial mass block 5 in each monitoring device is influenced by the vibration energy to generate acceleration towards the diaphragm plate 3 or away from the diaphragm plate 3, and the motion state of the inertial mass block 5 meets Newton's second law at the moment;
(2) if the inertial force direction of the inertial mass 5 faces the diaphragm plate 3, the inertial mass 5 will impact the diaphragm plate 3 and the spring set 2, so that the direction of the inertial force is changed to the opposite direction, and finally the interlayer 4 is impacted; if the inertia force direction of the inertia mass block 5 deviates from the diaphragm plate 3, the inertia mass block 5 directly impacts the interlayer 4, and the relation between the deformation of the interlayer 4 and the acting force meets Hooke's law;
(3) because the inertia force of the inertia mass block 5 is equal to the acting force borne by the interlayer 4, the relationship between the acceleration of the inertia mass block 5 and the vertical displacement of the interlayer 4 is as follows:
m in the above formula is the mass of the inertial mass 5; delta h is the vertical displacement of the interlayer 4; a is the acceleration of the inertial mass 5; k is a radical of formula 1 The elastic coefficient of the interlayer 4; wherein m and k 1 Is a known value;
(4) because the total length of all monitoring optical fibers in the monitoring device is limited by the first optical fiber limiter 15 and the second optical fiber limiter 16, the first monitoring optical fiber 7 in the transverse channel 6 can generate the same deformation as the interlayer 4, so that the output wavelength of the first monitoring optical fiber 7 is changed, and the specific formula of the central wavelength and the axial strain of the monitoring optical fiber is as follows:
in the formula, pepsilon =0.22 is the elasto-optic coefficient of the monitoring fiber; delta lambda is the wavelength drift amount of the monitoring optical fiber; lambda is the central wavelength of the monitoring optical fiber when the monitoring optical fiber is not acted by external force; epsilon is axial strain generated by the monitoring optical fiber under external force; where P ε and λ are known values.
(5) According to the deformation geometrical characteristics of the first monitoring optical fiber 7 in the transverse channel 6, the relationship between the vertical displacement of the interlayer 4 and the axial strain of the first monitoring optical fiber 7 is
L in the above formula 1 Is the diameter of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell 1, which is a known value; delta h is the vertical displacement of the interlayer, and the relationship between the acceleration of the inertial mass block 5 and the fiber wavelength drift amount obtained by simultaneous equations (1), (2) and (3) is as follows:
and finally substituting the first monitoring optical fiber wavelength drift delta lambda measured by each monitoring device in the exploration hole into a formula (4) to obtain the acceleration value of the measured inertial mass block 5.
2) The stress deformation monitoring process comprises the following steps:
(1) if the wall of the exploration hole is acted by the pressure of the soil body, the polyurethane elastic layer 20 simultaneously generates extrusion acting force and extrusion deformation and meets the requirement of Hooke's law;
(2) the extrusion acting force and the extrusion deformation of the polyurethane elastic layer 20 are transmitted to the second monitoring optical fibers 21, the third monitoring optical fibers 22 and the fourth monitoring optical fibers 23, so that the output wavelength of the monitoring optical fibers is changed, and the relationship between the central wavelength of the monitoring optical fibers and the axial strain is shown in formula (1);
(3) the range of the extrusion acting force and the extrusion deformation of the polyurethane elastic layer 20 is determined according to the distance between the maximum wavelength drift monitoring optical fiber and the minimum wavelength drift monitoring optical fiber in the same direction;
(4) s424, according to the deformation geometrical characteristics of the second monitoring optical fibers, the third monitoring optical fibers and the fourth monitoring optical fibers, the relation between the extrusion displacement and the wavelength drift amount of any one of the second monitoring optical fibers, the third monitoring optical fibers and the fourth monitoring optical fibers is as follows:
in the above formula, n is the number of the monitoring fibers with the largest wavelength drift amount and the monitoring fibers with the smallest wavelength drift amount in the same direction; l is a radical of an alcohol 2 The distance between a plurality of annular channels; Δ x is the extrusion displacement of any monitoring optical fiber; wherein n and L 2 Is a known value;
the relationship between the extrusion acting force and the axial strain of any one of the second monitoring optical fibers, the third monitoring optical fibers and the fourth monitoring optical fibers is as follows:
f in the formula is the extrusion acting force applied to any monitoring optical fiber; k is a radical of 2 Is the elastic coefficient of the polyurethane elastic layer 20; wherein k is 2 Is a known value;
finally, the measured and outputted wavelength drift delta lambda of any monitoring optical fiber is substituted into the formula (5) and the formula (6), and the specific values of the extrusion acting force and the extrusion displacement applied to the polyurethane elastic layer 20 are obtained.
E. And feeding back specific values of acceleration of 5 times of inertia mass of all the monitoring devices, and specific values of extrusion acting force and extrusion displacement of the polyurethane elastic layer 20 to a data analysis system outside the investigation hole to complete monitoring.
The invention provides a method for calculating the vibration, stress and deformation of a survey hole based on the index of the drift amount of the wavelength of the optical fiber and the structural characteristics of a monitoring device, and forms a method for monitoring the vibration, stress and deformation of the survey hole by combining the matching process of the device; the monitoring method is used in combination with the vibration stress deformation monitoring device provided by the invention, has the characteristics of high monitoring precision, less required unknown parameters and the like, and can quickly research and determine the vibration stress and deformation condition of the exploration hole.
While the foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to exclude other embodiments and may be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the invention as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A vibration stress deformation monitoring device for surveying holes, comprising: the vibration monitoring unit, the monitoring control unit and the stress deformation monitoring unit are connected with each other;
the vibration monitoring unit is used for monitoring vibration of the exploration hole;
the stress deformation monitoring unit is used for monitoring the stress and deformation of the exploration hole;
the monitoring control unit is used for adjusting the size of the monitoring device;
the vibration monitoring unit comprises a rigid hollow cylindrical shell, a spring set, a diaphragm plate, an interlayer, an inertial mass block, a transverse channel and a first monitoring optical fiber;
one end of the spring group is fixed on the top of the inner surface of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell, and the other end of the spring group is connected with the diaphragm plate;
the interlayer is fixedly connected with the inner surface of the bottom of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell; the inertial mass block is arranged on the upper surface of the interlayer;
the lower surface of the interlayer is fixedly connected with the transverse channel, and the first monitoring optical fiber is arranged in the transverse channel; the monitoring control unit comprises a first annular superelastic layer, a second annular superelastic layer, a first airlock, an elastic cavity and a second airlock; two ends of the first annular superelasticity layer and the second annular superelasticity layer are respectively fixedly connected with the outer surface of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell and two ends of the inner surface of the polyurethane elastic layer of the stress deformation monitoring unit; the first airlock is communicated with the outer surface of the second annular super-elastic layer; the elastic cavity is positioned among the outer surface of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell, the inner surface of the polyurethane elastic layer, the inner surface of the first annular super-elastic layer and the second annular super-elastic layer; the second airtight lock is fixedly communicated with the outer surface of the second annular super-elastic layer, and a straight line where the center of the second airtight lock and the center of the first airtight lock are located is parallel to the axis of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell.
2. The vibration stress deformation monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the stress deformation monitoring unit comprises a first optical fiber alignment hole, a second optical fiber alignment hole, a first optical fiber limiter, a second optical fiber limiter, a plurality of first longitudinal channels, a plurality of second longitudinal channels, a plurality of circumferential channels, a polyurethane elastic layer, a second monitoring optical fiber, a third monitoring optical fiber and a fourth monitoring optical fiber; one end of the first optical fiber alignment hole and one end of the second optical fiber alignment hole are fixedly connected with the first optical fiber stopper and the second optical fiber stopper respectively, and the other ends of the first optical fiber alignment hole and the second optical fiber alignment hole are in through connection with the second annular super-elastic layer; the first optical fiber stopper and the second optical fiber stopper are distributed on the outer surface of the first annular superelastic layer; two ends of the transverse channel penetrate through the rigid hollow cylindrical shell and are vertically communicated with the first optical fiber in-line hole and the second optical fiber in-line hole respectively, one end of a first monitoring optical fiber in the transverse channel sequentially penetrates through the first optical fiber in-line hole and the first optical fiber limiter and extends to the outside of the vibration stress deformation monitoring device, and the other end of the first monitoring optical fiber in the transverse channel sequentially penetrates through the second optical fiber in-line hole and the second optical fiber limiter and extends to the outside of the vibration stress deformation monitoring device; the plurality of first longitudinal channels, the plurality of second longitudinal channels and the plurality of circumferential channels are positioned in the polyurethane elastic layer; two ends of the first longitudinal channels are respectively communicated with two ends of the first optical fiber alignment hole, a plurality of second monitoring optical fibers are arranged in the first longitudinal channels, and two ends of the second monitoring optical fibers sequentially penetrate through two ends of the first longitudinal channels, the first optical fiber alignment hole and the first optical fiber limiter and extend out of the vibration stress deformation monitoring device; two ends of the plurality of second longitudinal channels are communicated with two ends of the second optical fiber alignment hole, a plurality of third monitoring optical fibers are arranged in the plurality of second longitudinal channels, and two ends of the plurality of third monitoring optical fibers sequentially penetrate through two ends of the plurality of second longitudinal channels, the second optical fiber alignment hole and the second optical fiber limiter and extend to the outside of the vibration stress deformation monitoring device; the both ends of a plurality of hoop passageways all with first optic fibre in the same direction as the position hole through connection, set up a plurality of fourth monitoring optic fibre in a plurality of hoop passageways, the both ends of a plurality of fourth monitoring optic fibre pass both ends, first optic fibre in the same direction as position hole and the first optic fibre stopper of a plurality of hoop passageways in proper order, and extend to vibrations stress deformation monitoring devices is outside.
3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring device is lengthened to increase the monitoring depth by fixedly connecting the second airlock of the previous monitoring device with the first airlock of the next monitoring device.
4. The vibrational stress deformation monitoring apparatus of claim 2 wherein the height of said monitoring apparatus is 400-600mm; the inertia mass block is conical, the diameter of the inertia mass block is slightly smaller than that of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell, and the height of the inertia mass block is equal to 1/4 of that of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell; the diameter of the transverse channel is larger than that of the first monitoring optical fiber; the diameter of the first longitudinal channel is larger than that of the second monitoring optical fiber; the diameter of the second longitudinal channel is larger than that of the third monitoring optical fiber; the diameter of the annular channel is larger than that of the fourth monitoring optical fiber; the diameters of the first optical fiber alignment hole and the second optical fiber alignment hole are equal to the sum of the diameters of the transverse channel, the first longitudinal channel, the second longitudinal channel and the annular channel.
5. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the number of the first longitudinal channels and the second longitudinal channels is 8, and the distance between the channels is equal and parallel to the axis of the rigid hollow cylindrical housing; the distance between the plurality of annular channels is equal to the distance between the plurality of first longitudinal channels, and the plurality of annular channels are perpendicular to the plurality of first longitudinal channels; the shell of the transverse channel is made of polyurethane elastic material.
6. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the first airlock and the second airlock are provided with threads on their outer surfaces, and the second airlock of the previous monitoring apparatus is connected to the first airlock of the next monitoring apparatus by means of a bolt and thread fit.
7. A monitoring method of the device for monitoring vibration stress deformation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining the number of monitoring devices according to the depth of a survey hole to be monitored, opening first airlocks, first optical fiber limiters and second optical fiber limiters of all the monitoring devices, enabling second airlocks of the monitoring devices at the bottom of the survey hole to be in a closed state, and enabling second airlocks of the rest monitoring devices to be in an open state; the monitoring devices are sequentially placed in the exploration holes and fixedly connected with the first airlock of the next monitoring device through the second airlock of the previous monitoring device;
s2, calibrating the position coordinates of all monitoring optical fibers;
s3, injecting air into an elastic cavity of the exploration hole top monitoring device through a first airlock of the exploration hole top monitoring device, wherein the injected air enters the elastic cavities of other monitoring devices through a second airlock, and the injected air enables first annular superelastic layers, second annular superelastic layers and polyurethane elastic layers of all monitoring devices to expand and simultaneously causes the lengths of a plurality of first monitoring optical fibers, second monitoring optical fibers, third monitoring optical fibers and fourth monitoring optical fibers in all monitoring devices to increase; stopping injecting air and closing a first air-lock, a first optical fiber limiter and a second optical fiber limiter of the top monitoring device when the polyurethane elastic layer is in contact with the wall of the exploration hole, wherein the lengths of a plurality of first monitoring optical fibers, a plurality of second monitoring optical fibers, a plurality of third monitoring optical fibers and a plurality of fourth monitoring optical fibers in the monitoring device are fixed;
and S4, monitoring vibration, stress and deformation of the exploration hole.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the S4-vibration monitoring comprises the steps of:
s411, if vibration energy is generated in the surrounding environment of the exploration hole, the vibration energy is transmitted to all monitoring devices in the exploration hole, an inertial mass block in each monitoring device is influenced by the vibration energy to generate acceleration towards the diaphragm plate or acceleration away from the diaphragm plate, and the motion state of the inertial mass block at the moment meets Newton's second law;
s412, if the direction of the inertial force of the inertial mass block faces the diaphragm plate, the inertial mass block impacts the diaphragm plate and the spring set, so that the direction of the inertial force is changed to the opposite direction, and finally the interlayer is impacted; if the direction of the inertia force of the inertia mass block deviates from the diaphragm, the inertia mass block directly impacts the interlayer, and the relation between the deformation of the interlayer and the acting force meets Hooke's law;
s413, because the inertia force of the inertia mass block is equal to the acting force borne by the interlayer, the relation between the acceleration of the inertia mass block and the vertical displacement of the interlayer is as follows:
in the above formula, m is the mass of the inertial mass block; delta h is the vertical displacement of the interlayer; a is the acceleration of the inertial mass; k is a radical of 1 The elastic coefficient of the interlayer; wherein m and k 1 Is a known value;
s414. Because the total length of all monitoring optical fibers in the monitoring device is limited by the first optical fiber limiter and the second optical fiber limiter, the first monitoring optical fibers in the transverse channel generate the deformation same as the interlayer, so that the output wavelength of the first monitoring optical fibers changes, and the specific formula of the central wavelength and the axial strain of the first monitoring optical fibers is as follows:
in the above formula, psec =0.22 is the elasto-optic coefficient of the first monitoring fiber; delta lambda is the wavelength drift amount of the monitoring optical fiber; λ is the central wavelength of the first monitoring fiber when not subjected to the external force; epsilon is axial strain generated by the first monitoring optical fiber under the action of external force; wherein λ is a known value;
s415, according to the geometrical characteristics of the deformation of the first monitoring optical fiber in the transverse channel, the relation between the vertical displacement of the interlayer and the axial strain of the first monitoring optical fiber is
L in the above formula 1 Is the diameter of the rigid hollow cylindrical shell, which is a known value; delta h is the vertical displacement of the interlayer, and the relationship between the acceleration of the inertial mass block and the wavelength drift amount of the first monitoring optical fiber obtained by simultaneous formula (1), formula (2) and formula (3) is as follows:
and finally substituting the first monitoring optical fiber wavelength drift quantity delta lambda measured by each monitoring device in the exploration hole into a formula (4) to obtain the acceleration value of the measured inertial mass block.
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